Phd Thesis the Intersectional Identities of Gay Arab Muslim Men.Pdf

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Phd Thesis the Intersectional Identities of Gay Arab Muslim Men.Pdf Acknowledgments Firstly, I am extremely grateful to the 35 men who were willing and kind enough to take part in my study. Without their participation, this thesis could never have been written. I am also greatly indebted to my supervisors Professor Andrew Yip and Doctor Esther Bott for their encouragement, and their advice and suggestions that helped improve earlier drafts of the chapters. Thanks are also owed to Khaiser Khan and Asif Quraishi of Naz Project, London and Asifa Siraj, independent scholar, for their helpful suggestions. 1 Abstract The aim of this study is to explore the lives and identities of gay Arab Muslim men living in the U.K., a group that has not been specifically or exclusively researched in any previous study within the British context. The thesis aims to demonstrate how various identities such as sexuality, race, ethnicity, gender and social class intersect with each other within three different contexts: in an intra-personal context, in the context of relationships with family and kin, and in the context of interactions in white-dominant gay and non-gay spaces. The thesis investigates the outcomes of these intersections and how these outcomes are managed and negotiated. The study’s epistemology aligns in a broad sense with feminist epistemological approaches in making subjugated voices and marginalised experiences heard. A qualitative research methodology is adopted involving individual interviews with 35 men. Intersectionality is utilised as a theoretical framework, and the thesis asserts that concepts such as intra-categorical and inter-categorical intersectionality are extremely useful for achieving an in-depth understanding of the complexities and nuances of the lived experiences and identities of these men, illustrating both the diversity of experience subsumed within supposedly homogeneous ethnic categorisations, and uncovering how these men’s interlocking identities may be characterised by experiences of multiple discriminations, including homophobia, racism and Islamophobia. 2 Contents CHAPTER ONE: WHY A STUDY OF GAY ARAB MUSLIM MEN? 7 1.1. Introduction 7 1.2. Constructing the Research Topic: The Intertwining of the 9 Personal and the Academic 1.3. Research into LGBT Muslim Identities and the Gaps in Knowledge 11 1.4. Research Aims and Questions 15 1.5. Chapter Outline 17 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEWING THE LITERATURE: INTERSECTIONALITY AS 20 A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND EMPIRICAL STUDIES OF LGBT MUSLIMS 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2. Using Intersectionality as a Theoretical Framework 21 2.2.1. Intersectionality and empirical studies into LGBT identities 30 2.3. Arab Ethnic Identity and Intra-Categorical Intersectionality 35 2.3.1. Affiliation with an Arab identity vis-à-vis other identity 36 dimensions 2.3.2. Wealth and social class differences 37 2.3.3. Generational differences and hybridised Arab identities 38 2.4. Constructing Islamic Masculinities 40 2.5. (Homo)Sexuality in Islam, Religious and Cultural Homophobia 43 2.6. The Intersection of LGBT Muslims’ Religious and Sexual Identities 47 2.6.1. Integration and accommodation 47 2.6.2. Conflict, dissonance and dissonance reduction 48 2.6.3. Theologically-centred strategies for managing identity 51 dissonance 2.6.4. Using LGBT Muslim support groups for emotional 55 support 2.7. Coming Out to Family and Kin 56 2.7.1. Meaning and models 56 2.7.2. LGBT Muslims and coming out to parents and family 59 2.8. Racialised Gay Spaces 61 2.8.1. Ethnicised erotic capital in gay spaces 63 2.9. Racism and Islamophobia in White Spaces 65 2.10. Summary 70 3 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCHING GAY ARAB MUSLIM MEN: EPI- 71 STEMOLOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS 3.1. Introduction 71 3.2. The Epistemological Framework 71 3.2.1. A feminist-aligned, intersectional approach to 71 epistemological issues 3.3. Research Design 76 3.3.1. Adopting a qualitative approach 76 3.3.2. The research method: Interviewing 77 3.4. Sampling 80 3.4.1. Sampling strategies 80 3.4.2. Challenges of the sampling process 80 3.4.3. Sample characteristics 82 3.5. Data Collection 86 3.5.1. Conducting the interviews 86 3.5.2. The role of the interviewer: Insider, outsider or both? 89 3.5.3. The role of the interviewee and influence of 91 interviewee characteristics 3.6. Data Analysis 93 3.7. The Management of Ethical Issues in the Research Process 96 3.7.1. Informed consent 96 3.7.2. Ethical behaviour and online privacy rights 97 3.7.3. Offering rewards to participants 98 3.7.4. The principles of non-maleficence and autonomy 98 3.7.5. Issues of power between the researcher and researched 101 3.7.6. The ethics of sexual relationships with participants 102 3.8. A Note on Terminology 104 3.9. Summary 105 CHAPTER FOUR: CONSTRUCTING AND MANAGING PERSONAL IDENTITIES: 106 BEING ARAB, MUSLIM AND GAY 4.1. Introduction 106 4.2. Intersectional Arab Identities 107 4.2.1. Identification as Arab 107 4.2.2. Geo-political, historical, religious and 113 socio-cultural differences 4.2.3. Wealth and social class 117 4.3. Religious Homophobia within Islamic Texts and the 122 4 Wider Muslim Community 4.4. Cognitive Dissonance as a Negative Outcome 124 4.5. Attempts at Managing Cognitive Dissonance 126 4.5.1. Abandoning their religion 127 4.5.2. Compartmentalisation 128 4.5.3 Non-theological reverse discourses 130 4.5.4. Theologically-derived reverse discourses 132 4.5.4.1 Strategies of resistance 132 4.5.4.2. Strategies of attack 143 4.5.5. Seeking out other LGBT Muslims for emotional support 148 4.6. Summary 150 CHAPTER FIVE: GAY ARAB MUSLIM IDENTITIES AND THE NEGOTIATION 152 OF FAMILY AND KIN RELATIONSHIPS 5.1. Introduction 152 5.2. Sexual Silence 153 5.2.1. Honour and sexual silence 153 5.2.2. Religiously and culturally-derived homophobic experiences 157 and sexual silence 5.2.3 Valuing personal relationships inside the family 159 5.2.4. Maintaining the sexual silence: Compartmentalisation and 162 passing 5.3. When the Sexual Silence is Broken 171 5.4. Negative Family Reactions to Disclosure 175 5.4.1. Incomprehension, abuse and violence 175 5.4.2. Denial 179 5.4.3. Pressure to marry heterosexually 181 5.4.4. Pressure to ‘change’ their sexual identity 183 5.4.5. The deterioration of family relationships 184 5.5. Supportive Family Responses to Disclosure 185 5.6. Coming Out as a Process 187 5.7. Summary 188 CHAPTER SIX: LIVING OUT GAY ARAB MUSLIM IDENTITIES IN 190 PREDOMINANTLY-WHITE SPACES 6.1. Introduction 190 6.2. The Gay Scene 191 6.3. Dating Websites 196 5 6.4. The Erotic Capital of Arab Men in Offline and Online Gay 203 Spaces 6.5. Racism in White Spaces 213 6.6. Islamophobia in White Space 219 6.7. Summary 224 CHAPTER SEVEN: CONCLUSIONS 226 7.1. Introduction 226 7.2. Contribution to Knowledge 227 7.2.1. Intersectionality and intersectional identities 227 7.2.2. Gay spaces and erotic capital 231 7.2.3. The power of the family 233 7.2.4. Reconciling the conflict between sexuality and religion 235 7.2.5. The role of cultural hybridity 238 7.2.6. Giving voice to the experiences of gay Arab Muslim men 239 7.2.7. Utilisng inter-disciplinary insights 241 7.3. Avenues for Further Research 243 References 246 Appendix 290 6 CHAPTER ONE: WHY A STUDY OF GAY ARAB MUSLIM MEN? 1.1. Introduction In recent years, Muslims appear to have become ever more frequently the subject of media, public and political debate and discourse in the U.K. and time and again, similar narratives are being constructed. In 2014, the Daily Mail journalist Richard Littlejohn wrote an apparently satirical column concerning an alleged radical Islamic cleric who had hired out the Legoland theme park for a Muslim social event. Littlejohn imagined how the group’s day trip would unfold, describing how ‘[t]he quartermaster of the Hounslow branch of Al Muhajiroun will be handing out leaflets showing how to disguise Semtex as bricks of Lego’ and there will be ‘a practical demonstration on how to make an execution block out of Lego, for use when making Internet videos showing beheading of infidels and apostates’ (Littlejohn, 2014). On the 23rd November 2015, following terrorist attacks in Paris, the Sun newspaper published a front page headline based on an opinion poll that screamed: ‘1 in 5 Brit Muslims’ sympathy for Jihadis’ (the Independent Press Standards Organisation, later labelled the Sun’s interpretation of the poll as ‘significantly misleading’ [Julian, 2016]). The media, have frequently used the words ‘fundamentalist’, ‘extremist’ ‘radicalised’ and ‘terrorist’ when referring to young British Muslims when focusing on cultural and religious differences, and have often published stories about those who have gone to fight, or are willing to go and fight for the so-called Islamic State in Syria (Awan, 2017; Carter, 2017; Hamid, 2017). Beyond media representations, in April 2016, a ComRes opinion poll of 2,000 people investigating the wider British public’s attitudes towards Islam, found that 43% of those questioned agreed with the statement that Islam was a negative force in the U.K., and only 28% agreed that Islam was compatible with British values (Comresglobal, 2016). Regarding political discourse, in the recent British General Election, the manifesto of the right wing United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) outlined plans to prevent Shari’ah (Islamic law) councils from operating in the U.K.; to ban Muslim women’s face coverings such as the niqab and burkha since they are, in the words of the manifesto, ‘dehumanising symbols of segregation and oppression’ and ‘security risks’; and vowed to tackle what they term ‘Islamist extremism’ in schools 7 (UKIP, 2017).
Recommended publications
  • How Do British Muslims Who Have Same-Sex-Attractions Negotiate Their Identity? MA Islam in Contemporary Britain 2018 Hasnan Hussain
    How do British Muslims who have Same-Sex-Attractions negotiate their Identity? MA Islam in Contemporary Britain 2018 Hasnan Hussain 1 Abstract: This dissertation is the outcome of a research project I conducted exploring how five British Muslim males who have same-sex-attractions negotiate their identities. I situate this research within a wider need of amplifying the voices of same-sex-attracted British Muslims (SSABMs) who become marginalised and excluded, both within Muslim communities and within wider media discourses surrounding Islam and homosexuality. Exploring the academic literature on SSABMs, I note that academic discourses are one of the very few means through which the lives of SSABMs are honestly and representatively portrayed. However, I note that the sampling strategies utilised within this research limit the kinds of SSABM populations that can be represented in this research. I thus demonstrate how I have sought to counteract these limitations through the methodologies that I had adopted. The utilisation of these methodologies enabled me to access a diverse sample which included SSABM voices which had not been documented in the academic literature in much detail before. This had implications on the findings that I generated, and therefore affected the significance and implications which my research has for the study of SSABMs more generally. 2 Contents Page: Introduction: pg.4 Literature Review: pg.7 Methodologies: pg.13 Findings: pg. 20 Discussion: pg. 34 Conclusion: pg. 38 Bibliography: pg. 41 3 Introduction: Within the past decade, there has been an increased acceptance of same-sex-sexuality within British society (Yip 2008a:3.1). This can be seen, for example, in the passing of important legislations, such as the Employment Equality (Sexual Orientations) Regulations (2003), the Civil Partnerships Act (2004), and the Equality Act (sexual orientations) legislation (2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Experiences of Youth in the Sex Trade in Chicago: Issues in Youth Poverty and Homelessness
    The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Experiences of Youth in the Sex Trade in Chicago: Issues in Youth Poverty and Homelessness Author(s): Laurie Schaffner, Grant Buhr, Deana Lewis, Marco Roc, Haley Volpintesta Document No.: 249954 Date Received: June 2016 Award Number: 2009-MC-CX-0001 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this federally funded grant report available electronically. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Experiences of Youth in the Sex Trade in Chicago Issues in Youth Poverty and Homelessness By Laurie Schaffner, Grant Buhr, deana lewis, Marco Roc, and Haley Volpintesta 520 Eighth Avenue, 18th Floor New York, New York 10018 646.386.3100 fax 212.397.0985 www.courtinnovation.org This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Experiences of Youth in the Sex Trade in Chicago: Issues in Youth Poverty and Homelessness By Laurie Schaffner, Grant Buhr, deana lewis, Marco Roc, and Haley Volpintesta © March 2016 Center for Court Innovation 520 Eighth Avenue, 18th Floor New York, New York 10018 646.386.3100 fax 212.397.0985 www.courtinnovation.org This document is a research report submitted to the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Cadastre Des Autorisations TPV Page 1 De
    Cadastre des autorisations TPV N° N° DATE DE ORIGINE BENEFICIAIRE AUTORISATIO CATEGORIE SERIE ITINERAIRE POINT DEPART POINT DESTINATION DOSSIER SEANCE CT D'AGREMENT N Casablanca - Beni Mellal et retour par Ben Ahmed - Kouribga - Oued Les Héritiers de feu FATHI Mohamed et FATHI Casablanca Beni Mellal 1 V 161 27/04/2006 Transaction 2 A Zem - Boujad Kasbah Tadla Rabia Boujad Casablanca Lundi : Boujaad - Casablanca 1- Oujda - Ahfir - Berkane - Saf Saf - Mellilia Mellilia 2- Oujda - Les Mines de Sidi Sidi Boubker 13 V Les Héritiers de feu MOUMEN Hadj Hmida 902 18/09/2003 Succession 2 A Oujda Boubker Saidia 3- Oujda La plage de Saidia Nador 4- Oujda - Nador 19 V MM. EL IDRISSI Omar et Driss 868 06/07/2005 Transaction 2 et 3 B Casablanca - Souks Casablanca 23 V M. EL HADAD Brahim Ben Mohamed 517 03/07/1974 Succession 2 et 3 A Safi - Souks Safi Mme. Khaddouj Bent Salah 2/24, SALEK Mina 26 V 8/24, et SALEK Jamal Eddine 2/24, EL 55 08/06/1983 Transaction 2 A Casablanca - Settat Casablanca Settat MOUTTAKI Bouchaib et Mustapha 12/24 29 V MM. Les Héritiers de feu EL KAICH Abdelkrim 173 16/02/1988 Succession 3 A Casablanca - Souks Casablanca Fès - Meknès Meknès - Mernissa Meknès - Ghafsai Aouicha Bent Mohamed - LAMBRABET née Fès 30 V 219 27/07/1995 Attribution 2 A Meknès - Sefrou Meknès LABBACI Fatiha et LABBACI Yamina Meknès Meknès - Taza Meknès - Tétouan Meknès - Oujda 31 V M. EL HILALI Abdelahak Ben Mohamed 136 19/09/1972 Attribution A Casablanca - Souks Casablanca 31 V M.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexuality and the Adult Years
    Chapter 13 Sexuality and the Adult Years Single Living • Increasing rates, ages 30-34, “Never married” = – 1970 = 9% of men, 7% of women – 2006 = 33% , 25% • May reflect changes in societal attitudes – Many marry later • 1970 = 23, 21, 2010 = 28, 26 yrs. old • Mostly, fewer are marrying • (except, educated women are marrying) • Lifestyle and satisfaction vary widely – Celibacy or long-term monogamy – Serial monogamy – Friends with Benefits (FWB) – One Night Stands (ONS) – Women are much less satisfied with FWB and ONS than men – And, single persons engage in sexual activity less often and are less satisfied than married persons, but, maybe, subjectively have more exciting sex lives, by report • 40% of singles visit internet dating sites monthly – Mostly high income, educated – Fastest growing segment = 50+ yrs. old Cohabitation • 2010 = 7.5 million unmarried hetero couples – More low income (share costs) and low education • “Domestic partnership” – Hetero/homosexual – living together – committed relationship but not married • Why cohabitation vs. marriage – Lower income taxes, continued alimony, pension, SS etc. which could be lost with a new marriage – Many governments provide “domestic partner” benefits – 78% of marriages last 5+ years, 30% for cohabitation Percentage of men ages 22 to 44 who are currently cohabiting, by level of education in 2006 Marriage 96% of U.S. adults have entered marriage at one time • Some more than once • 1950 – 78% of couples were married, 2010 – 48% Stable families convey social norms to the next generation
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of No Fault Divorce
    Effects Of No Fault Divorce Superb Bret misreckons holily, he parodies his beatitude very palingenetically. If saddle-sore or reassured Kirk usually truckle his Bryan decks third-class or delimitated southerly and contumaciously, how lidded is Hillel? Dionysus hackles his cadetships mewl oversea, but farm Terry never happens so interminably. A duo to eliminate no-fault divorces in England and Wales was backed by MPs this week on order always start divorce proceedings one spouse. Equality of coefficients for dynamic specifications. Am i developed after. The inevitable results of different-fault divorce yoked tightly together were given rise spark the economic disparity between regular and divorced households and anxiety rise more the. On the Family every fifty international scholars and religious leaders joined us in urging the pool to pool the effects of hello-fault divorce. Stanford Business building Study Finds No-Fault Divorce Laws. Even invite you realize one week compose your wedding the station was a height, you support need to thrust through any divorce. Springer Nature remains neutral with pledge to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. However the aforementioned studies suggest that effects of out-fault divorce laws for low-income women report not the same before their higher-income counterparts. Why do marriages fall soon after 20 years? Ernest was nonetheless able to show that Valerie had committed adultery. Comment on 'These Boots Are Made for further' Why Most. Will being lead the divorce? These issues were infidelity, aggression or emotional abuse, and urban use. Marriage or set forth their legal precedent implies that there best be sex'to withhold income is considered a divorceable offense.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Houston Oral History of Houston Project Early LGBT Houston
    HHA# 00820 Interviewee: Van Cleave, Kay Interview Date: July 6, 2010 University of Houston Oral History of Houston Project Early LGBT Houston Interviewee: Kay Van Cleave Interview Date: July 6, 2010 Place: Van Cleave Home, Houston Heights Interviewer: John Goins Transcriber: Michelle Kokes Keywords: Gay life, 1950s, 1960s, Houston, Diana’s, Diana Awards, Houston gay bars, Rock Hudson, gay life for blacks, lesbians, gay men, drag queens, fund raising, house parties, race, class, A Group, Charles Hebert, Lambda, Houston Gay Pride Abstract: Born in 1937 and moving to Houston in 1953, Kay Van Cleave offers a glimpse into early gay life there and the beginnings of its organization. As a member of the group that founded the Diana’s in the 1950s, she was present at the earliest of the events. In her early years, she associated with an elite, moneyed, group that did not involve itself politically. Her interview reveals the atmosphere in the fifties and sixties with regard to coming out in those years, the lifestyle of gay individuals, and the issues of race and class. In time, however, Kay became more “out” publicly and participated in groups that she considered to be important. This included among others, membership in PFLAG and forming the first Alcoholics Anonymous chapter, Lambda, for gay women and men in Houston. HHA# 00820 Page 1 of 40 Interviewee: Van Cleave, Kay Interview Date: July 6, 2010 UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON ORAL HISTORY OF HOUSTON PROJECT Kay Van Cleave Interviewed by: John Goins Date: July 6, 2010 Transcribed by: Michelle Kokes Location: Houston, Texas KVC: Okay I was born in 1937 in Fort Worth, Texas and my aunt (my father’s sister) had a lot of money.
    [Show full text]
  • When Tongzhi Marry: Experiments of Cooperative Marriage Between Lalas and Gay Men in Urban China
    winner of the 2018 Feminist studies Graduate Student award Stephanie YingYi Wang When Tongzhi Marry: Experiments of Cooperative Marriage between Lalas and Gay Men in Urban China Ang Lee’s fiLm The Wedding BanqueT could be classic introductory material for tongzhi studies and, particularly, for research on cooper- ative marriage.1 In the film, Wai-Tung, a Taiwanese landlord who lives happily with his American boyfriend Simon in New York, is troubled by his parents’ constant efforts to try and find him a bride. His partner Simon suggests he could arrange a marriage of convenience with Wai- Tung’s tenant Wei Wei who is from mainland China and is also in need of a green card to stay in the United States. However, their plan back- fires when Wai-Tung’s enthusiastic parents arrive in the United States and plan a big wedding banquet. As the film critic and scholar Chris 1. Tongzhi, literally “same purpose,” is the Chinese term for “comrade.” Since the 1990s, it has been appropriated to replace the more formal tóngxìnglìan (same-sex love) to refer to gay men and lalas (same-sex desiring women) in the Chinese-speaking world. The translation of xinghun as “cooperative marriage” is debatable, as xinghun literally means “pro-forma marriage.” In other works, “contract marriage,” “fake marriage,” or “pro-forma marriage” are used to refer to gay-lala marriage. Informed by Lucetta Kam’s work, I use “cooperative mar- riage” to highlight that such marriage is not merely functional without sus- tenance, but is contingent on the cooperation and negotiation between mul- tiple parties in the relationship, as my findings suggest.
    [Show full text]
  • Racializing the Good Muslim: Muslim White Adjacency and Black Muslim Activism in South Africa
    religions Article Racializing the Good Muslim: Muslim White Adjacency and Black Muslim Activism in South Africa Rhea Rahman Department of Anthropology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA; [email protected] Abstract: Founded in Birmingham, England in 1984, Islamic Relief is today the world’s largest and most-recognized Western-based Islamically-inspired non-governmental organization. Framed by an analysis of processes of racialization, I argue that Islamic Relief operationalizes not a singular, but multiple Muslim humanitarianisms. I examine what I suggest are competing racial projects of distinct humanitarianisms with regards to HIV and AIDS, health, and wellness. I consider the racial implications of British state-based soft-power interventions that seek to de-radicalize Muslims towards appropriately ‘moderate’ perspectives on gender and sexuality. In South Africa, I argue that Black Muslim staff embrace grassroots efforts aimed towards addressing the material and social conditions of their community, with a focus on economic self-determination and self-sufficiency. I claim that the orientation of these Black Muslim grassroots initiatives denotes a humanitarianism of another kind that challenges the material and ethical implications of a humanitarianism framed within a logic of global white supremacy, and that is conditioned by racial capitalism. Keywords: Islamic humanitarianism; Islamophobia; anti-Blackness; white adjacency; HIV and AIDS Citation: Rahman, Rhea. 2021. Racializing the Good Muslim: Muslim White Adjacency and Black 1. Introduction Muslim Activism in South Africa. Founded in Birmingham, England in 1984 by Egyptian-born Dr. Hany El-Banna, Is- Religions 12: 58. https://doi.org/ lamic Relief is today the world’s largest and most-recognized Western-based Islamic NGO.
    [Show full text]
  • How REAL ID's Credibility and Corroboration Requirements Impair
    CONROY_MACRO2 (DO NOT DELETE) 4/20/2009 9:47:08 AM Real Bias: How REAL ID’s Credibility and Corroboration Requirements Impair Sexual Minority Asylum Applicants Melanie A. Conroy† I. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................2 II. SEXUAL MINORITIES AND THE LAW OF ASYLUM.......................................3 III. PRE-REAL ID CREDIBILITY AND CORROBORATION LAW AND PROBLEMS..................................................................................................5 A. Pre-Real ID Corroboration Law......................................................... 5 B. Pre-Real ID Corroboration Problems................................................. 7 i. Corroborating the Persecution of Similarly-Situated Individuals ...................................................................................8 ii. Corroborating One’s Sexual Minority Membership ..................10 C. Pre-Real ID Credibility Law............................................................ 11 D. Pre-Real ID Credibility Problems .................................................... 13 i. Airport Statements .....................................................................13 ii. The Social Visibility Requirement: Demeanor, Plausibility, and Consistency .........................................................................15 iii. Social Constructions of Gender and Sexuality: External Consistency................................................................................18 IV. REAL ID: ITS HISTORY, CONTENT,
    [Show full text]
  • Generational Differences Between North African Francophone Literatures: the New Stories of Immigrants in France
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects Honors Program 5-2009 Generational Differences Between North African Francophone Literatures: The New Stories of Immigrants in France Christen M. Allen Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/honors Part of the French and Francophone Literature Commons, and the Other French and Francophone Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Allen, Christen M., "Generational Differences Between North African Francophone Literatures: The New Stories of Immigrants in France" (2009). Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects. 6. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/honors/6 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GENERATIONAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BEUR AND NORTH AFRICAN FRANCOPHONE LITERATURES: THE NEW STORIES OF IMMIGRANTS IN FRANCE by Christen Marie Allen Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of HONORS IN UNIVERSITY STUDIES WITH DEPARTMENTAL HONORS in French in the Department of Languages, Philosophy and Speech Communication Approved: Committee Member Committee Member Dr. Christa Jones Dr. John Lackstrom Departmental Honors/Thesis Advisor Director of Honors Program Dr. Sarah Gordon Dr. Christie Fox UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, UT Spring 2009 Christen Allen Honors Thesis 2009 Generational Differences Between Beur and North African Francophone Literatures: The New Stories of Immigrants in France Abstract This study seeks to establish the generational difference between Beur and Francophone literatures using Kiffe Kiffe Demain by Faïza Guène contrasted with Le Siècle des Sauterelles by Malika Mokeddem.
    [Show full text]
  • Consensual Nonmonogamy: When Is It Right for Your Clients?
    Consensual Nonmonogamy: When Is It Right for Your Clients? By Margaret Nichols Psychotherapy Networker January/February 2018 You’ve been seeing the couple sitting across from you for a little more than six months. They’ve had a sexless marriage for many years, and Joyce, the wife, is at the end of her rope. Her husband, Alex, has little or no sex drive. There’s no medical reason for this; he’s just never really been interested in sex. After years of feeling neglected, Joyce recently had an aair, with Alex’s blessing. This experience convinced her that she could no longer live without sex, so when the aair ended, the marriage was in crisis. “I love Alex,” Joyce said, “but now that I know what it’s like to be desired by someone, not to mention how good sex is, I’m not willing to give it up for the rest of my life.” Divorce would’ve been the straightforward solution, except that, aside from the issue of sex, they both agree they have a loving, meaningful, and satisfying life together as coparents, best friends, and members of a large community of friends and neighbors. They want to stay together, but after six months of failed therapeutic interventions, including sensate-focus exercises and Gottman-method interventions to break perpetual-problem gridlock, they’re at the point of separating. As their therapist, what do you do? • Help them consciously uncouple • Refer them to an EFT therapist to help them further explore their attachment issues • Advise a temporary separation, reasoning that with some space apart they can work on their sexual problems • Suggest they consider polyamory and help them accept Alex’s asexuality.
    [Show full text]
  • Heterosexism Within Educational Institutions
    HETEROSEXISM WITHIN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS: COPING EFFORTS OF LESBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL STUDENTS IN WEST TEXAS by VIRGINIA J. MAHAN, B.A., M.Sp.Ed. A DISSERTATION IN EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial FulfiUment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION Approved December, 1998 /, Ac f3 7^? z^ ^.3 1 A/^ ^ l'^ C'S Copyright 1998, Virginia J. Mahan ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I particularly wish to thank the nine members of the Steering Committee of the Lambda Social Network who served on my advisory panel and offered comments on the first draft of Chapter IV, as well as other external reviewers: Gene Dockins, Lawrence Holbrooks, M. M., Dorinda Ann Ruiz, Virginia, and other anonymous readers. I am grateful to my committee members, Mary Tallent Runnels, Camille DeBell, and Richard Powell, for their support and valuable assistance. My appreciation goes to Terry Ann Andersen, Kathy Lewallen and the rest of the library staff at South Plains College for their assistance, as well as to Fred Logan and Kaaren Mahan for running innumerable errands. I am also grateful to Texas Tech University which provided partial support for this study through a 1998 Summer Research Scholarship Award. Pivotal to this dissertation, of course, are the 14 lesbian and gay college and university students who told their sometimes painful tales so that educators might hear, learn, and know what it is like to be a gay student in Texas. I will forever hear the echoes of their voices. Lastly, thanks to Victor Shea for his courageous letter to the editor and to whom this dissertation is dedicated.
    [Show full text]