Le FN : À L’Orée Du Pouvoir Ou Simple Force Antisystème ?
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Réponse D'alexandre Tzara À Frédéric Lordon
RÉPONSE D’ALEXANDRE TZARA À FRÉDÉRIC LORDON 1 / 6 Réponse d’Alexandre Tzara blique fondé sur l’alternance entre deux partis recentrés, l’un en majorité, l’autre en opposition. à Frédéric Lordon Un FN très fort (comme c’est le cas aujourd’hui) met à mal ce confortable jeu de chaises tournantes. Monsieur, La gauche comme la droite s’en trouvent menacés. Je prends régulièrement plaisir à vous lire. Vous me En un certain sens la stratégie adoptée par Mitter- semblez être un des rares et stimulants économistes rand est allée bien au delà de ses espérances. Dans de notre époque et vos articles sont précis, ciselés et un deuxième temps je vous ferai remarquer qu’être convaincants, notamment en matière économique. l’épouvantail d’un échiquier politique n’induit pas Cependant un tel article me déçoit beaucoup de une complicité entre l’épouvantail et les forces ins- votre part. Non seulement je ne suis pas en accord tallées. Du moins pas forcément. Durant plusieurs avec vos conclusions sans nuances mais votre ana- décennies en Italie, entre les années 50 et les années lyse est biaisée et souffre même de faiblesses 80-90, le Parti Communiste fut, pour le reste de la méthodologiques. classe politique, l’épouvantail. Face au péril (réel Je vais m’atteler à reprendre point par point votre ou fantasmé) du communisme, la DC et ses alliés argumentation afin d’en révéler les approximations ont adopté une stratégie de verrouillage des institu- et les omissions. Approximations et omissions qui, tions, ceci avec les socialistes, dans la lignée de la bien sûr, vont dans le sens de votre démonstration. -
Electoral Performance and Policy Choices in the Front National
Electoral Performance and Policy Choices in the Front National James Shields* School of Languages and Social Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK *Correspondence: [email protected] This article proposes a two-level analysis of the Front National (FN) in the 2017 French presidential and parliamentary elections. The first level focuses on the electoral performances of Marine Le Pen and the FN and analyses both elections in terms of gains and losses at the polls. The second level considers FN policy and argues that the party went into these elections with a programme targeting both left-leaning and right-leaning voters, attempting a policy synthesis that partly fitted and partly subverted Kirchheimer’s paradigm of the ‘catch-all’ party. Both levels of analysis link to a number of strategic considerations prompting debate within the party over the direction to take in order to improve its future electoral prospects. 1. Far-right populism, the Front National and the electoral context of 2017 The literature on radical right-wing populism has tended to treat the French Front National (FN) as a test case in the making (Camus and Lebourg 2017; Mudde 2017; Akkerman, de Lange and Rooduijn 2016; Benveniste 2016; Judis 2016; Beauzamy 2013; Reynié 2011). As Europe’s premier far-right populist party, the FN has plotted a gradual upward course in both elections and opinion polls since its initial breakthrough in the mid-1980s. While other far-right parties have either perished or been drawn into collusion with mainstream parties (de Lange 2012), the FN has sustained its solitary advance, making a virtue of its outsider status (Perrineau 2014). -
MEDIA POLARIZATION “À LA FRANÇAISE”? Comparing the French and American Ecosystems
institut montaigne MEDIA POLARIZATION “À LA FRANÇAISE”? Comparing the French and American Ecosystems REPORT MAY 2019 MEDIA POLARIZATION “À LA FRANÇAISE” MEDIA POLARIZATION There is no desire more natural than the desire for knowledge MEDIA POLARIZATION “À LA FRANÇAISE”? Comparing the French and American Ecosystems MAY 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In France, representative democracy is experiencing a growing mistrust that also affects the media. The latter are facing major simultaneous challenges: • a disruption of their business model in the digital age; • a dependence on social networks and search engines to gain visibility; • increased competition due to the convergence of content on digital media (competition between text, video and audio on the Internet); • increased competition due to the emergence of actors exercising their influence independently from the media (politicians, bloggers, comedians, etc.). In the United States, these developments have contributed to the polarization of the public square, characterized by the radicalization of the conservative press, with significant impact on electoral processes. Institut Montaigne investigated whether a similar phenomenon was at work in France. To this end, it led an in-depth study in partnership with the Sciences Po Médialab, the Sciences Po School of Journalism as well as the MIT Center for Civic Media. It also benefited from data collected and analyzed by the Pew Research Center*, in their report “News Media Attitudes in France”. Going beyond “fake news” 1 The changes affecting the media space are often reduced to the study of their most visible symp- toms. For instance, the concept of “fake news”, which has been amply commented on, falls short of encompassing the complexity of the transformations at work. -
Put at the Test in the Terrorist Threat Era
Eötvös Loránd University A.Y. 2017/2018 THE “HOMELAND OF HUMAN RIGHTS” PUT AT THE TEST IN THE TERRORIST THREAT ERA France, collective memory and counterterrorism Author: Mathilde Bénard Director: Orsolya Salát 1 I would like to thank Orsolya Salát, my research director, for her advice and confidence throughout the semester, The EMA programme, which has truly been a unique, rich and pushing experience, intellectually and humanly ; The EMA staff, who made it possible by always staying supportive and demanding with the 90 of us, All those with whom I shared this year, Laura and Kristina, my Foscarini fellows and the best partners I could have thought of to begin this new experience with ; Victoria and Eva, for the discussions, exchanges, doubts, but most of all the laughs we shared in this now city of ours, Finally, my family, Agnès and Cécile, of course, And my parents, who supported and trusted in me, as they always do... merci. 2 ABTRACT The impact and instrumentalization of collective memory has been broadly addressed in nationalist/ authoritarian contexts, albeit very much less in democratic ones. France's national identity has been very much constructed on its rich History, and still upholds today –to the world but most of all for its citizens– an image of “Homeland of Human rights” rooted on the 1789 French Revolution. The thesis questions this image as to its origins, validity and perpetration through the years. In the light of this idealized national image, it then addresses the current counterterrorism measures adopted by the French State since 2015 Charlie Hebdo dreadful attacks. -
Culture LE FN DANS LE FAISCEAU DES ARTS
CHEZ NOUS, DE LUCAS BELVAUX, est la réponse d’un artiste citoyen qui veut comprendre les mécanismes de la montée du Front national. qualifie de « citoyenne » et non de « mili- tante ». La montée du FN, son enracine- ment, en particulier dans les milieux populaires, inquiètent, questionnent nombre d’artistes et intellectuels, écri- vains, metteurs en scène de théâtre, pho- tographes… qui cherchent la forme adé- quate pour rendre compte du vote FN et, qui sait, le décourager. D’aucuns auscultent la mécanique qui permet à des formations extrémistes d’accéder au pouvoir. Anne- Cécile Vandalem a ainsi écrit et présenté l’été dernier au Festival d’Avignon, Tris- tesses, une pièce conçue comme un thril- ler, qui raconte comment la dirigeante du cinémaC’était en 2013. Lucas Belvaux tournait Parti du réveil populaire, de retour dans alors Pas son genre, une histoire d’amour son île natale, exploite le désarroi de la malheureuse entre une coiffeuse, population pour avancer ses pions électo- Jennifer, et un écrivain parisien affecté ralistes. Le spectacle n’avait pas manqué dans un lycée d’Arras. « Les élections muni- de jeter un froid glacial au cœur de la cani- cipales approchaient, les sondages don- cule provençale, laissant le public avignon- naient le Front national à 30-40 % dans la nais sidéré par un dispositif vidéo qui le région et je me suis interrogé : “Cette fille, transformait en véritable voyeur. Jennifer, pour qui j’éprouve de l’estime, de C’est un même effroi qu’avait provoqué, l’affection, pour qui vote-t-elle ? Et pour en 2011, Chute d’une nation. -
The Closing of the Radical Right Gender Gap in France?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository Original Article The closing of the radical right gender gap in France? Nonna Mayer Centre d’études européennes de Sciences Po (CEESP), 28 rue des Saints-Pères, Paris 75007, France. Abstract One of the earliest and best-established finding about electoral support for populist radical right-wing parties is that they attract more men than women. Yet this finding might no longer apply to France. In the 2012, presidential election, contrary to her father, Marine Le Pen, the new leader of the Front National (FN), realized almost the same score among female and male voters. After controlling for other sociodemographic and attitudinal variables that explain electoral support for the FN, there is no difference between male and female voters’ support for the party. This article examines the closing of this gender gap in radical right-wing voting, drawing on post-electoral surveys con- ducted in 2002, 2012 and 2014. After a brief outline of the literature dealing with the emergence of the ‘Radical Right Gender Gap (RRGG)’, it ascertains the disappearance of a RRGG gender in 2012, tests possible explanations for this phenomenon and debates whether this is a temporary or a lasting one. French Politics (2015) 13, 391–414. doi:10.1057/fp.2015.18 Keywords: France; Front National; Marine Le Pen; gender; radical right gender gap One of the earliest and best-established findings about electoral support for populist radical right-wing parties1 is that they attract proportionately more men than women (Betz, 1994, p. -
Marine Le Pen and the 'New' FN: a Change of Style Or of Substance?
Parliamentary Affairs (2013) 66, 179–196 doi:10.1093/pa/gss076 Marine Le Pen and the ‘New’ FN: A Change of Style or of Substance? James Shields* School of Languages and Social Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK Downloaded from *Correspondence: [email protected] The electoral challenge of the far right is an enduringly problematic feature of con- temporary French politics. In the first rounds of the 2012 presidential and parlia- mentary elections, the Front National (FN) under new leader Marine Le Pen http://pa.oxfordjournals.org/ attracted a combined total of ten million votes, bringing its ultra-nationalist pol- icies to the centre of national political debate. This article examines the FN’s impact on these elections and its implications for French politics. Drawing on of- ficial FN programmes, detailed election results and a range of opinion polling data, it assesses the strength of support for Le Pen and her party and seeks to explain their electoral appeal. In particular, it subjects to analysis the claim that the new leader has ‘de-demonised’ the FN, transforming it from perennial outsider by guest on December 15, 2012 to normal participant in mainstream French politics; and it reflects on the strategic dilemma posed for the centre-right by this newly invigorated far-right challenge. 1. Introduction The first round of the presidential election on 22 April 2012 set a new high point for the far right in France. With 17.9% of the vote, Marine Le Pen finished behind the Socialist candidate Franc¸ois Hollande (28.6%) and the outgoing centre-right president Nicolas Sarkozy (27.2%). -
University of Oklahoma Graduate College Legacies of Empire: Greater France from Colonialism to Terrorism a Thesis Submitted To
UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE LEGACIES OF EMPIRE: GREATER FRANCE FROM COLONIALISM TO TERRORISM A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN INTERNATIONAL STUDIES By MONICA GOODWIN Norman, Oklahoma 2016 LEGACIES OF EMPIRE: GREATER FRANCE FROM COLONIALISM TO TERRORISM A THESIS APPROVED FOR THE COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES BY __________________________ Dr. Jessica Pearson-Patel, Chair __________________________ Dr. Emily Rook-Koepsel __________________________ Dr. Michael Winston © Copyright by MONICA GOODWIN 2016 All Rights Reserved. Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………… v Introduction……………………………………………. 1 Chapter 1……………………………………………….. 8 Chapter 2……………………………………………….. 37 Chapter 3……………………………………………….. 57 Conclusion……………………………………………... 72 Bibliography……………………………………………. 73 iv Abstract Legacies of empire: Greater France from colonialism to terrorism Author: Monica Goodwin (University of Oklahoma 2016) In this thesis, I argue that the legacies of empire and colonization are influencing the development of French identity and are challenging notions of contemporary French society. I argue that these colonial legacies reached a watershed moment in 1989 with the headscarf affair and further provoked violent and socially divisive events such as the 2005 riots and the 2015 terrorist attacks. Furthermore, I argue that the effects of France’s colonial past have created a psychological empire that is negatively affecting many of France’s youths of immigrant -
À Propos De L'orientation Économique Du Front National
À propos de l’orientation économique du Front national Fabien Tarrit To cite this version: Fabien Tarrit. À propos de l’orientation économique du Front national. 9e rencontres Actualité de la Pensée de Marx et nouvelles pensées critiques, Nov 2016, Bordeaux, France. hal-02020984 HAL Id: hal-02020984 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02020984 Submitted on 15 Feb 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. À propos de l’orientation économique du Front national Fabien Tarrit Le Front national (FN) a été fondé en 1972 à l’initiative d’Ordre nouveau, une organisation fasciste composée de partisans du maréchal Pétain, d’anciens tortionnaires de la guerre d’Algérie, de responsables catholiques… avec à sa tête Jean-Marie Le Pen. Sa fille Marine Le Pen lui a succédé en 2011. Ainsi le FN n’est pas issu du mouvement ouvrier mais de la fraction la plus réactionnaire de la bourgeoisie. C’est un parti bourgeois, il défend le capitalisme : « Nous ne remettons pas en cause l'économie de marché, ni les bienfaits de la concurrence si elle est loyale ». Il s’agit de « retrouver la compétitivité » et de lutter « contre la concurrence internationale déloyale » (Marine Le Pen, Le Monde, 20 septembre 2012). -
Grandeur Du Petit Peuple
!1 Grandeur du petit peuple heurs et malheurs des Gilets jaunes À la mémoire de mon père Gaston qui était ouvrier agricole À ma mère Hélène qui fut femme de ménage À mon frère Alain qui est mécanicien dans une carrière À sa femme Nathalie qui est cantinière À mon neveu Ludovic qui, après une formation de bûcheron, est apprenti plombier À ma nièce Virginie qui est aide-soignante Michel Onfray piraté par le Parti Des Gens pour vous inviter sur le Parti Des Gens, vous trouverez des liens à la fin de ce court texte : https://static.mediapart.fr/files/2020/10/24/le-parti-des-gens.pdf !2 Le retour du refoulé maastrichtien L’Histoire se répète. Mais il serait vain et ridicule de souscrire à la scie musicale marxiste selon laquelle ce qui apparaît la première fois sous forme de tragédie revient toujours sous forme de comédie. Fausse pensée de vrai mouton, paresse intellectuelle et facilité rhétorique. Quiconque dispose d’encore un peu de mémoire et de culture sait que ce qui a lieu a déjà eu lieu et aura encore lieu selon les mêmes principes. Bien connaître Tacite et Tite-Live, Suétone ou Polybe suffit à la peine de qui veut comprendre nos vingt derniers siècles – à plus forte raison nos dernières vingt-cinq années, sinon nos derniers vingt-cinq mois… Tacite permet, par exemple, de saisir la grandeur romaine du général de Gaulle et Suétone la petitesse d’un Macron, Jupiter en toc. Les Gracques racontent la morphologie de tous les mouvements populaires : comment ils naissent, croissent, vivent, meurent et disparaissent, digérés par les puissants et les propriétaires. -
“FRANCE DESERVES to BE FREE”: CONSTITUTING FRENCHNESS in MARINE LE PEN's NATIONAL FRONT/NATIONAL RALLY Submitted By
THESIS “FRANCE DESERVES TO BE FREE”: CONSTITUTING FRENCHNESS IN MARINE LE PEN’S NATIONAL FRONT/NATIONAL RALLY Submitted by Lauren Seitz Department of Communication Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2020 Master’s Committee: Advisor: Karrin Anderson Julia Khrebtan-Hörhager Courtenay Daum Copyright by Lauren Nicole Seitz 2020 All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT “FRANCE DESERVES TO BE FREE”: CONSTITUTING FRENCHNESS IN MARINE LE PEN’S NATIONAL FRONT/NATIONAL RALLY This thesis employs constitutive rhetoric to analyze French far-right politician Marine Le Pen’s discourse. Focusing on ten of Le Pen’s speeches given between 2015 and 2019, I argue that Le Pen made use of Kenneth Burke’s steps of scapegoating and purification as a way to rewrite French national identity and constitute herself as a revolutionary political leader. Le Pen first identified with the subjects and system that she scapegoats. Next, she cast out elites, globalists, and immigrants, identifying them as scapegoats of France’s contemporary identity split. Finally, by disidentifying with the scapegoats, Le Pen constituted her followers as always already French patriots and herself as her leader. This allowed her to propose a new form of French national identity that was undergirded by far-right ideals and discourse of revolution. This thesis presents several implications for understanding contemporary French national identity, the far right, and women politicians. It also contributes to the project of internationalizing public address research in Communication Studies. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, thank you to my advisor, Kari Anderson. I truly could not have completed this thesis without your guidance, encouragement, and advice. -
Populism in France Gilles Ivaldi
Populism in France Gilles Ivaldi To cite this version: Gilles Ivaldi. Populism in France. Daniel Stockemer. Populism Around the World. A Comparative Perspective, Springer, pp.27-48, 2018, 978-3-319-96757-8. 10.1007/978-3-319-96758-5_3. halshs- 01889832 HAL Id: halshs-01889832 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01889832 Submitted on 3 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Pre-print Populism in France Gilles Ivaldi, URMIS, CNRS-University of Nice [email protected] This is a pre-print version of: Ivaldi, Gilles, “Populism in France”, which has appeared as a book chapter in: Daniel Stockemer (ed.) Populism around the world: A Comparative Perspective, Cham: Springer, pp.27-48 (https://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319967578) Abstract This chapter examines the supply and demand sides of populism in France. It looks at the two main populist actors i.e. the Front National (FN) and La France Insoumise (LFI). The FN exemplifies the typical radical right populist organiZation, primarily mobiliZing grievances over immigration, while LFI shows a left-wing egalitarian and socially inclusive profile. Electoral support for populism in France is fuelled by economic instability and voter distrust of mainstream politics and of the EU.