ISSN 2005-0151 2017 WINTER Vol.10 No.4 겨울 WINTER 2017 Vol.10_No.4 Olympic Winter Games February 09~25,2018 Paralympic Winter Games March 09~18,2018 On the Cover winter On the Cover Nestled in a rich forest at the eastern foot of Mt. Odae- 2017 WINTER Vol.10 No.4 san in Pyeongchang, Woljeongsa is the lead temple for the fourth parish of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. Approximately sixty monasteries and eight hermitages fall under its supervision. Founded in 643 during the Uni- fied Silla period by Master Jajang, Woljeongsa is home to a wide array of historic monuments including the nine-story stone pagoda in front of the main hall and the seated stone bodhisattva rendered in a pose of making offerings to the pagoda. Contents 02 03 04 10 16 22 26 32 38 44 Heritage Issues Today 04 Photo Essay 32 PyeongChang 2018 in the ‘Korean Alps’ Scenic Sites in Pyeongchang World Heritage in Perspective 10 Korean Heritage on Display 38 Stone Comes Alive at the Korean Stone Art Museum Royal Tombs of Joseon and Other Asian Dynasties Exploration of Korean Heritage 16 A Visit to Korean Heritage 44 Yangnim-dong, a Time Capsule of Early Modern Gwangju In Search for Historic Legacies of Korea Digital Heritage, a Rising Hope for Heritage Conservation Master Park Breathes New Life into Wood Cultural Heritage Administration Headlines 50 CHA News Heritage Issues Today 04 05 Pyeongchang, the host area for the 2018 Winter Olympics, in winter From February 9–25, 2018, eyes around the world will be drawn to Pyeongchang, Korea PyeongChang 2018 in the for the 2018 Winter Olympics. About 60 percent of the total area of Pyeongchang is composed of mountainous areas rising as high as 700 meters above sea level. Brimming ‘Korean Alps’ with both natural and cultural resources, Pyeongchang offers a colorful array of things Text by Yun Il-gu, Culture and Arts Division, Pyeongchang County to see and experience. The county hosts a number of seasonal festivals drawing upon Photos by Cultural Heritage Administration and Topicimages local nature and cultural specialties, and also serves as a hub for winter sports through its multiple ski resorts. Heritage Issues Today 06 07 Pyeongchang, a Historic Korean County Sangwonsa Temple and the Octagonal Nine- Human settlement in the Pyeongchang area began about 100,000 years ago in the story Pagoda of Woljeongsa Temple. Paleolithic era and continued through the following historic periods into the present. The administrative status of the area was elevated to gun, or “county,” in the early years Situated on the slopes of Mt. Odaesan, of the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910), based on the fact that it was the hometown of the Woljeongsa Temple is a classic Pyeongchang wife of a fifth-generation ancestor of King Taejo, the dynastic founder of Joseon. With Buddhist monastery. The Buddhist temple the incorporation of neighboring Daehwa, Bongpyeong, and Jinbu townships in 1906, originated from the makeshift hermitage the county took on the form by which it is known today. of Master Jajang in 643. Upon his return from Tang China, Master Jajang believed Mt. Situated on Mt. Odaesan, Woljeongsa Temple is noted for its octag- Located in the middle of the eastern section of the Korean Peninsula, Pyeongchang onal nine-story stone pagoda and seated stone bodhisattva, respec- Odaesan to be a sacred residence of Manjusri tively designated National Treasure No. 48-1 and Treasure No. 139. belongs to the province of Gangwon-do. The area is surrounded by soaring mountains Bodhisattva (Bodhisattva of Great Wisdom) on three sides: the lofty Taebaek mountain range than runs the length of the peninsula and constructed a shelter in the hopes of gaining a personal to the east, Mt. Charyeong to the west, and Mt. Odaesan and Mt. Gyebangsan to the audience. north. The original temple buildings were reduced to ashes The Pyeongchang administrative during the Korean War (1950–53), but were later reconstructed. area is 1,463 square kilometers, ranking The road leading up to the temple is lined with rich needle fir third among the nation’s county-level trees, offering a pleasant experience for visitors. A number of districts, and is populated by about highly valuable cultural properties are found inside the temple 43,000 residents. Endowed with superb The nine-story octagonal stone pago- compound. da in front of the main hall of Wol- natural conditions, Pyeongchang jeongsa Temple is a definitive exam- ple of early Goryeo stone pagodas. boasts thriving agriculture, forestry, and livestock industries. It is also rich Among these is the octagonal nine-story stone pagoda Alpensia Resort, one of the arenas for PyeongChang 2018 in cultural destinations and thematic (National Treasure No. 48-1) standing in front of the main hall, festivals, which combine with the pristine natural environment to attract tourists from Jeokgwangjeon (Hall of Great Peace and Light). It is a definitive around the country. The area’s long-established ski resorts, including the Alpensia example of the multi-sided, multi-story stone pagodas that were Resort, Yongpyong Resort, and Phoenix Pyeongchang, will provide an area for athletic in great vogue during the Goryeo era (918–1392). Estimated competition during the 2018 Winter Olympics. to have been erected in the early Goryeo period around A.D. 1,000, the pagoda rises 15.15 meters, showing a harmonious structural balance from top to bottom. When it was dissembled Cultural Treasures of Pyeongchang and reassembled for conservation purposes in October 1970, A stone bodhisattva sits in front of the nine-story stone pagoda in a po- Pyeongchang is home to a great number of valuable cultural legacies from the a cluster of Buddhist ceremonial treasures (Treasure No. 1375) sition of presenting devotional offer- ings. past. There are 15 nationally designated objects or sites, and an additional 37 that are were found inside the body stone of the first story and from the registered on Gangwon-do’s provincial list. Prominent examples are the Bronze Bell of roof stone of the fifth. Heritage Issues Today 08 09 In front of the pagoda is do Province city of Andong to Sangwonsa in 1469 during the early Joseon period. The a stone seated bodhisattva. heavenly beings rendered on its surface epitomize Silla aesthetics in the expression of The one on-site is a the voluminous clothes flying up towards heaven and their natural posture in playing reproduction, and the original musical instruments. (National Treasure No. 48- 2) is preserved within the compound in the temple’s Festivities in Pyeongchang museum. The bodhisattva Pyeongchang hums with happy occasions year-round. Winter is heated by Sangwonsa, an affiliate of the main temple at Woljeongsa, was established in 724 by assumes a seated position Master Jajang. with the left knee raised and the excitement of the Snow Festival and the right down, seemingly presenting offerings to the pagoda. Wearing a high-rising the Cherry Salmon Festival. The sweltering cylindrical crown, the eyes, nose, and mouth of the bodhisattva are relatively small weather of summer in the lowlands can be compared to the long and voluminous body. Gazing straight ahead, the face features a escaped while enjoying the International natural smile. This 1.8-meter-high stone bodhisattva is estimated to date from the early Music Festival, Summer Cool Festival, and 11th century. Odaesan Culture Festival. Autumn offers events featuring zinnia blossoms and a Rising 832 meters above sea level, Daegwallyeong Pass is located to the eastern end of the Yeongdong Expressway, which connects the eastern celebration of the renowned Korean novelist and western sections of the Gangwon region with the Taebaek Moun- About 10 kilometers away from Woljeongsa is an affiliate temple named tain Range running down the middle. Lee Hyo-seok. Held at Bongpyeong, a Sangwonsa. Sangwansa Temple is popularly associated with King Sejo (r. 1455–68), the township within Pyeongchang, the Lee Hyo- seventh monarch of Joseon. After ascending to the throne, King Sejo, who had been seok Culture Festival is inspired by the native’s plagued by ill health, ordered the reconstruction of the Sangwonsa buildings that had son’s novel When Buckwheat Flowers Bloom. been destroyed in a fire. He personally participated in the ceremony celebrating the During the time of the festival, long stretches completion of the reconstruction. of buckwheat flowers are in blossom, which evokes the well-known image of Bongpyeong Sangwonsa Temple is home to the presented by Lee Hyo-seok in his novel, country’s oldest bronze bell (National “Hillsides scattered with buckwheat blooms Lee Hyo-seok’s novel When Buckwheat Flowers Bloom is set in Bong- Treasure No. 36), dating all the way to like grains of salt scatted all around…” pyeong, which is currently organizing diverse autumn events drawing on the novel and the scenic local buckwheat fields. the Unified Silla period (668–935). It is a superb example of traditional Korean It is hoped that the 2018 Winter Olympics will serve as a chance to put these bells, embodying exceptional sculptural diverse charms of Pyeongchang on the global map. With all of its cultural and natural and casting skills. The bell is 1.67 meters attractions and well-established infrastructure, Pyeongchang is ready to embrace high and 91 centimeters wide. While its Fashioned in 725, the bronze The bronze bell at Sangwonsa people from around the world at the games, and has the potential to advance even original site is unknown, the bell was bell at Sangwonsa Temple is the is recognized for its superb aes- further. The grand sporting event early next year is expected to leave an unforgettable oldest in Korea.