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American Revolution Study and Exam Guide AMERICAN REVOLUTION STUDY AND EXAM GUIDE This PDF contains a selection of sample pages from HTAV's American Revolution Study and Exam Guide Jennifer Casey Ian Lyell AMERICAN REVOLUTION STUDY AND EXAM GUIDE 1 First published 2017 by: CONTENTS History Teachers’ Association of Victoria Reproduction and communication for educational purposes: Suite 105 This publication is protected by the Australian Copyright Act 134–136 Cambridge Street 1968 (the Act). The Act allows a maximum of one chapter Collingwood VIC 3066 or 10 per cent of the pages of this publication, whichever is Australia the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or the body that administers Phone 03 9417 3422 it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Fax 03 9419 4713 Limited (CAL) under the Act. For details of the CAL licence for Web www.htav.asn.au educational institutions contact: CONTENTS Copyright Agency Limited © HTAV 2017 Level 11, 66 Goulburn Street, Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 9394 7600 | Facsimile: (02) 9394 7601 | REVISION CHECKLISTS . 5 American Revolution Study and Exam Guide Email: [email protected] by Jennifer Casey and Ian Lyell. Revision Checklist—Area of Study 1: Causes of Revolution Reproduction and communication for other purposes: (1754 to 4 July 1776) . 5 ISBN 978 1 8755 8517 5 Except as permitted under the Act (for example: a fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review) no part Revision Checklist—Area of Study 2: Consequences of Revolution Publisher: Georgina Argus of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval (4 July 1776 to 1789) . 8 Typesetting and design: Sally Bond system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any pages Curriculum consultant: Ingrid Purnell means without prior written permission from the History Teachers’ Association of Victoria. All inquiries should be made to the publisher at the address above. Printed by: Print Impressions AREA OF STUDY 1: CAUSES OF REVOLUTION (1754 TO 4 JULY 1776) . 10 www.printimpressions.com.au Acknowledgements: Timeline of Key Events . 10 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the Cover images: patrimonio designs ltd/Shutterstock.com; authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the HTAV. MoonRock/Shutterstock.com; Tortoon/Shutterstock.com; Key Ideas . 12. While reasonable checks have been made to ensure the accuracy p.47: By Beyond My Ken (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https:// of statements and advice, no responsibility can be accepted for creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) or GFDL (http:// Key Individuals . 14 errors or omissions, however caused. No responsibility for any www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html)], via Wikimedia Commons; loss occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a p.71: Art and Picture Collection, The New York Public Library. Key Movements . 16 result of material in this publication is accepted by the authors or “Destruction of the tea in Boston Harbour.” New York Public the HTAV. Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 7, 2017. http:// Topic 1: French and Indian War (1754 to 1763) . 18 digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e0-f4ed-a3d9-e040- e00a18064a99 Topic 2: Aftermath of French and Indian War (1763 to 1764) . 20 Every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright. However, should any infringement have occurred, the publishers Topic 3: Taxes and Tensions (1764 to 1771) . 22 offer their apologies and invite the copyright owners to contact them. Topic 4: Organised Opposition to the British (1772 to 1775) . 24 Topic 5: War of Independence (focus on April 1775 to 4 July 1776) . 26 Mindmap: Causes of the Revolution . 28 IMPORTANT: please check the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority (VCAA)sample website for the latest exam and assessment advice: www .vcaa .vic .edu .au Sample exams and assessments in this book may differ from what students actually sit . AREA OF STUDY 2: CONSEQUENCES OF REVOLUTION (4 JULY 1776 TO 1789) . 30 Timeline of Key Events . 30 AMERICAN REVOLUTION STUDY AND EXAM GUIDE 3 REVISION CHECKLISTS Key Individuals . 32 LEGEND AREA OF STUDY 1: CAUSES OF REVOLUTION Topic 1: War of Independence (focus on 4 July 1776 to 1783) . 34 key ideas (1754 TO 4 JULY 1776) Topic 2: New Nation (1776 to 1789) . 36 key individuals Revise all of the key knowledge in this guide carefully, and then test whether you can Topic 3: Creating and Maintaining a Political System (1783 to 1789) . 39 key movements explain it to another person OR write about it in a practice exam question. You should Topic 4: Changes to Everyday Life (1776 to 1789) . 43 key events be able to explain the nature and significance of key ideas, individuals and movements. Mindmap: Consequences of the Revolution . 46 REVISED AMERICA AOS1 KEY KNOWLEDGE (tick when GUIDE TO ASSESSMENT IN HISTORY: REVOLUTIONS . 48. pages complete) Overview of School Assessed Coursework tasks (SACS) . 48 Enlightenment Overview of the Examination . 51 Natural rights How are SACS and the Exam Assessed? . 52 General Guidance for SACs and Exams . 54 French territorial interests Tips for Historical Writing . 56 Albany Congress Responding to Source Analysis Questions . 58 TOPIC 1 Washington’s mistake Writing Extended Responses . 63 French and Indian War Writing Essays . 65 Battle of Fort Necessity (1754–1763) Battle of Fort Duquesne SAMPLE EXAM AND RESPONSE GUIDE . .68 Sample Exam: Section A . 70 French and Indian War (part of Seven Years’ War) Sample Exam: Section B . 72 sample Treaty of Paris Response Guide . 74 Proclamation Act ONLINE AMERICAN REVOLUTION KEY KNOWLEDGE QUIZZES . 80 4 AMERICAN REVOLUTION STUDY AND EXAM GUIDE 5 REVISION CHECKLIST REVISED REVISED AMERICA AOS1 KEY KNOWLEDGE (tick when AMERICA AOS1 KEY KNOWLEDGE (tick when complete) complete) King George III First Inter-Continental Congress TOPIC 2 British mercantilist policy TOPIC 4 CONTINUED Representative government Aftermath of French Organised Opposition British management of the colonies Liberty and Indian War to the British (1763–1764) Pontiac’s Rebellion Provincial congresses End of ‘salutary neglect’ Powder alarms Sugar Act Battles of Lexington and Concord TOPIC 5 Stamp Act Second Inter-Continental Congress War of Independence Colonial responses (focus on 1775–4 July Richard Henry Lee 1776) Townshend Duties Benjamin Franklin Boston Massacre Republicanism TOPIC 3 Taxes and Tensions Samuel Adams pages (1764–1771) John Hancock KEY QUOTES Create a table like the one below and, for each topic, write down three quotes expressing Patriots a view on that topic – two from historians and one from a person who lived at the time. Sons of Liberty AMERICA AOS1 KEY QUOTE Tick when complete Daughters of Liberty Significance of British i) ii) iii) management of colonies ‘Taxation without representation is tyranny’ Nature of Coercive Acts i) ii) iii) Patrick Henry (Intolerable Acts) Significance of James Otis Boston Massacre and i) ii) iii) TOPIC 4 Boston Tea Party Committees of Correspondence Organised Opposition Significance of to the British sample i) ii) iii) Boston Tea Party Enlightenment ideas (1772–1775) Role of popular groups Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts) and individuals such as i) ii) iii) Samuel Adams and Sons of Thomas Paine Liberty in resisting British 6 AMERICAN REVOLUTION STUDY AND EXAM GUIDE 7 REVISION CHECKLIST LEGEND challenges in consolidating AREA OF STUDY 2: CONSEQUENCES OF REVOLUTION REVISED AMERICA AOS2 KEY KNOWLEDGE (tick when power (4 JULY 1776 TO 1789) complete) compromises to Separation of powers ideals Revise all of the key knowledge in this guide carefully, and then test whether you can key individuals explain this content to another person OR write about it in a practice exam question. TOPIC 3 CONTINUED Philadelphia Convention diverse You should be able to explain challenges faced by the new regime in consolidating Creating and experiences power, conditions that influenced leaders to compromise their revolutionary ideals, key Maintaining a Virginia Plan individuals that changed society and diverse experiences of the revolution. Political System New Jersey Plan REVISED (1783–1789) AMERICA AOS2 KEY KNOWLEDGE (tick when complete) Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise) Siege of Boston (Massachusetts) Women TOPIC 1 Battle of Long Island Native Americans War of Independence TOPIC 4 Battle of Harlem Heights African Americans (focus on 4 July 1776 Changes to Everyday Life –1783) Battle of Trenton Patriots (1776–1789) Battle of Saratoga Loyalists Siege of Charleston Continental Army Soldiers British surrender at Yorktown pages George Washington KEY QUOTES Continental Army soldiers Create a table like the one below and, for each topic, write down three quotes expressing a view on that topic – two from historians and one from a person who lived at the time. TOPIC 2 Patriots and loyalists New Nation AMERICA AOS2 KEY QUOTE Tick when complete (1776–1789) Post-war recession Washington’s role in War of i) ii) iii) Articles of Confederation Independence Treaty of Paris Gains / experiences of i) ii) iii) African Americans Pennsylvania mutinies Gains / experiences of i) ii) iii) Economic challenges and development Native Americans Gains / experiences of women i) ii) iii) Individual rights TOPIC 3 sample Did British lose Creating and Shays’ Rebellion War of Independence or did i) ii) iii) Maintaining a Americans win it? Political System John Adams (1783–1789) To what extent did leaders act Northwest Ordinance i) ii) iii) from economic
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