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Chapter 5 the Road to Revolution 1745–1776 ssahirnsgch05oc06na.fm Page 64 Thursday, December 15, 2005 6:03 PM ssahirnsgch05oc06na.fm Page 65 Thursday, December 15, 2005 6:03 PM sented his Albany Plan of Union. Under this plan, colonial Checkpoint Chapter 5 assemblies would elect a council that had authority over western � settlements, as well as the power to organize armies and collect State the cause of the initial clash 1745–1776 The Road to Revolution taxes to pay war expenses. The Albany Congress agreed to the between the British and the French. plan, but the colonial assemblies, fearful of losing control of their � ______________________________ What You Will Learn taxes and armies, rejected it. ______________________________ Early British Defeats Britain and the American colonists win the French and Indian In 1755, the British government sent General Edward Braddock to War. When Britain tries to exert greater control over the colonies, push the French from the Ohio River valley. Braddock was not tensions mount and finally erupt into a war of revolution. familiar with the fighting tactics of Native Americans in the Chapter 5 Focus Question wilderness. As Braddock’s British troops and Virginia militia Key Events neared Fort Duquesne, the French and their Native American As you read this chapter, keep this question in mind: How did the Checkpoint allies launched a crushing ambush. Braddock and more than half � relationship between Britain and the colonies fall apart? 1754 French and his men were killed. During this same year, the British colonials Explain why Braddock’s well- Indian War Section 1 were also defeated at Fort Niagara and suffered heavy losses near trained troops suffered defeat at begins. Lake George. Fort Duquesne. Trouble on the Frontier In May 1756, Britain declared war on France—the official 1765 Stamp Act is beginning of the Seven Years’ War. Shortly after, the French ______________________________ Section 1 Focus Question passed. captured two more British forts. � ______________________________ How did the British gain French territory in North America? To 1775 Fighting at begin answering this question, The British Turn the Tide Lexington and • Understand how territorial conflicts caused war between When William Pitt became Britain’s prime minister in 1757, he Concord marks Britain and France. appointed superior generals whose talents were equal to the French the beginning of • Find out why British generals suffered so many early defeats. challenge. This change of military command paid off. In 1758, the American • Learn about the Battle of Quebec and how the Treaty of Paris Britain captured the fort at Louisbourg and then Fort Duquesne. Revolution. increased British territory. These two victories, followed by others, finally convinced the Iroquois to ally with the British. With growing confidence in their military strength, Britain prepared to attack the city of Quebec, the Section 1 Summary capital of New France. Checkpoint © � The Battle of Quebec took place in September 1759. General James Britain and France fought over North American territory. After Pearson several defeats, the British rallied to win the key battle of Quebec. Wolfe led the British. The French were led by General Montcalm. Name two victories that convinced Reserved. The French surrendered their American territories to Britain and Education, The British won a key victory. Without Quebec, France could not the Iroquois to ally with the British. Spain. Rights defend the rest of its territories. In 1763, the two countries signed ______________________________ All the Treaty of Paris. France ceded, or surrendered, almost all of its Inc., Competing Empires Hall. North American possessions to Britain and Spain. � ______________________________ publishing France and Britain controlled large areas of North America by the mid-1700s. In 1753, the French began building forts to back their Prentice Check Your Progress as 1. What were the provisions of the Albany Plan of Union? claim to the Ohio River valley. The Virginia Colony disputed Pearson Pearson France’s claim. The governor of Virginia sent soldiers, led by as __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ young George Washington, to build a fort where the Ohio River Prentice __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Vocabulary Builder forms. But the French were already building Fort Duquesne (du publishing 2. Hall. What two military changes helped the British win? KANE) at the spot. A large French army forced Washington and Reread the underlined sentence. If Inc., All __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ his men to return to Virginia. an alliance is an agreement Rights between two nations to help each At the request of the British government, colonial leaders met __________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Education, other, what does it mean to ally in Albany, New York. They discussed the war looming with France Reserved. with someone? and a possible alliance with the Iroquois. An alliance is an agree- Pearson ment made between two countries to help each other. The Iroquois, © ______________________________ believing the French had the stronger military advantage, chose not ______________________________ to ally with the British. At the meeting, Benjamin Franklin pre- 64 Unit 2 Chapter 5 Section 1 Unit 2 Chapter 5 Section 1 65 HIST11_ST.indd 64 1/21/11 1:09:13 PM ssahirnsgch05oc06na.fm Page 64 Thursday, December 15, 2005 6:03 PM ssahirnsgch05oc06na.fm Page 65 Thursday, December 15, 2005 6:03 PM sented his Albany Plan of Union. Under this plan, colonial Checkpoint Chapter 5 assemblies would elect a council that had authority over western � settlements, as well as the power to organize armies and collect State the cause of the initial clash 1745–1776 The Road to Revolution taxes to pay war expenses. The Albany Congress agreed to the between the British and the French. plan, but the colonial assemblies, fearful of losing control of their � ______________________________ What You Will Learn taxes and armies, rejected it. ______________________________ Early British Defeats Britain and the American colonists win the French and Indian In 1755, the British government sent General Edward Braddock to War. When Britain tries to exert greater control over the colonies, push the French from the Ohio River valley. Braddock was not tensions mount and finally erupt into a war of revolution. familiar with the fighting tactics of Native Americans in the Chapter 5 Focus Question wilderness. As Braddock’s British troops and Virginia militia Key Events neared Fort Duquesne, the French and their Native American As you read this chapter, keep this question in mind: How did the Checkpoint allies launched a crushing ambush. Braddock and more than half � relationship between Britain and the colonies fall apart? 1754 French and his men were killed. During this same year, the British colonials Explain why Braddock’s well- Indian War Section 1 were also defeated at Fort Niagara and suffered heavy losses near trained troops suffered defeat at begins. Lake George. Fort Duquesne. Trouble on the Frontier In May 1756, Britain declared war on France—the official 1765 Stamp Act is beginning of the Seven Years’ War. Shortly after, the French ______________________________ Section 1 Focus Question passed. captured two more British forts. � ______________________________ How did the British gain French
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