Indian Treaties by Benjamin Franklin
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“Join Or Die,” America's First Political Cartoon: Benjamin Franklin and The
“Join or Die,” America’s First Political Cartoon: Benjamin Franklin and the First Plan for Union Courtesy of Library of Congress On May 9, 1754, Benjamin Franklin printed the first political cartoon in American history, a woodcut of a severed snake entitled “Join, or Die,” in his newspaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette . Franklin’s cartoon depicted the British North American colonies as a snake cut into eight segments, with each segment designated with an initial of a separate colony or a region as in the case of New England. An editorial discussing the “disunited state” of the colonies accompanied the cartoon, clearly suggesting that in light of the clear and present danger posed by the French and Native Americans to their security, the colonies faced a critical decision—to unite as a collective unit to repulse the enemy or remain disunited and suffer an inevitable death. The division of the segments of the snake reveals the extent to which Franklin and other intellectuals believed that the colonies of British North America were divided over the decision to go to war with the French and Native Americans for control of the land west of the Appalachian Mountains. Despite this division, it was a well-known superstition of the era that a snake, which had been cut into pieces, would come back to life if each of the pieces were put together before sunset. The caption, “Join, or Die,” implied that the colonies should unite or be exterminated by the French and their Indian allies. Franklin’s cartoon was widely used as a header for newspapers in its time. -
The Pennsylvania Assembly's Conflict with the Penns, 1754-1768
Liberty University “The Jaws of Proprietary Slavery”: The Pennsylvania Assembly’s Conflict With the Penns, 1754-1768 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the History Department in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts in History by Steven Deyerle Lynchburg, Virginia March, 2013 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1: Liberty or Security: Outbreak of Conflict Between the Assembly and Proprietors ......9 Chapter 2: Bribes, Repeals, and Riots: Steps Toward a Petition for Royal Government ..............33 Chapter 3: Securing Privilege: The Debates and Election of 1764 ...............................................63 Chapter 4: The Greater Threat: Proprietors or Parliament? ...........................................................90 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................................113 1 Introduction In late 1755, the vituperative Reverend William Smith reported to his proprietor Thomas Penn that there was “a most wicked Scheme on Foot to run things into Destruction and involve you in the ruins.” 1 The culprits were the members of the colony’s unicameral legislative body, the Pennsylvania Assembly (also called the House of Representatives). The representatives held a different opinion of the conflict, believing that the proprietors were the ones scheming, in order to “erect their desired Superstructure of despotic Power, and reduce to -
Now Have Taken up the Hatchet Against Them”: Braddock’S Defeat and the Martial Liberation of the Western Delawares
We “Now Have Taken up the Hatchet against Them”: Braddock’s Defeat and the Martial Liberation of the Western Delawares N 1755 WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA became the setting for a series of transforming events that resonated throughout the colonial world of INorth America. On July 9, on the banks of the Monongahela River— seven miles from the French stronghold of Fort Duquesne—two regi- ments of the British army, together with over five companies of colonial militia, suffered a historic mauling at the hands of a smaller force of French marines, Canadian militia, and Great Lakes Indians. With nearly one thousand casualties, the defeat of General Edward Braddock’s com- mand signified the breakdown of British presence on the northern Appalachian frontier. This rout of British-American forces also had an immense effect on the future of Indians in the Ohio Country, particularly the peoples of western Pennsylvania referred to as the Delawares. I would like to thank the anonymous readers and my teachers and trusted colleagues, Dr. Holly Mayer of Duquesne University and Dr. Mary Lou Lustig, emeritus West Virginia University, for their constructive criticisms and helpful suggestions as I worked through the revision process for this article. THE PENNSYLVANIA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY Vol. CXXXVII, No. 3 ( July 2013) 228 RICHARD S. GRIMES July From late October 1755 through the spring of 1756, Delaware war parties departing from their principal western Pennsylvania town of Kittanning and from the east in the Susquehanna region converged on the American backcountry. There they inflicted tremendous loss of life and cataclysmic destruction of property on the settlements of Pennsylvania and Virginia. -
Benjamin Franklin (10 Vols., New York, 1905- 7), 5:167
The American Aesthetic of Franklin's Visual Creations ENJAMIN FRANKLIN'S VISUAL CREATIONS—his cartoons, designs for flags and paper money, emblems and devices— Breveal an underlying American aesthetic, i.e., an egalitarian and nationalistic impulse. Although these implications may be dis- cerned in a number of his visual creations, I will restrict this essay to four: first, the cartoon of Hercules and the Wagoneer that appeared in Franklin's pamphlet Plain Truth in 1747; second, the flags of the Associator companies of December 1747; third, the cut-snake cartoon of May 1754; and fourth, his designs for the first United States Continental currency in 1775 and 1776. These four devices or groups of devices afford a reasonable basis for generalizations concerning Franklin's visual creations. And since the conclusions shed light upon Franklin's notorious comments comparing the eagle as the emblem of the United States to the turkey ("a much more respectable bird and withal a true original Native of America"),1 I will discuss that opinion in an appendix. My premise (which will only be partially proven during the fol- lowing discussion) is that Franklin was an extraordinarily knowl- edgeable student of visual symbols, devices, and heraldry. Almost all eighteenth-century British and American printers used ornaments and illustrations. Many printers, including Franklin, made their own woodcuts and carefully designed the visual appearance of their broad- sides, newspapers, pamphlets, and books. Franklin's uses of the visual arts are distinguished from those of other colonial printers by his artistic creativity and by his interest in and scholarly knowledge of the general subject. -
Benjamin-Franklin-Ppt
The Biography of Benjamin Franklin By Zia Kara How to Use This Presentation I hope you enjoy this presentation and learn as much as I did! This presentation is designed to be interactive and to be used as to how you want to see the information. There is anindex at the beginning of the presentation that will begin your discovery of this great man, Benjamin Franklin.index Use this to learn about his life, his inventions and his struggles. Just click on any text to start your adventure! Index Benjamin Franklin lived a busy and industrious life spanning 84 years. Birth and Childhood 1706 -1718 Apprenticeship 1718 Family 1730 - 1745 Vocation 1728-1748 Inventions 1747 - 1752 Political Life 1757 - 1790 Old Age and Death 1790 References Birth and Childhood Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the fifteenth child of seventeen children and also the youngest boy. Franklin only had two years of school but continued to educate himself by reading. A picture of Benjamin Franklin Back to Index Apprenticeship When Franklin was 12 became a printing apprentice to his brother James, a printer. His brother owned the New England Courant. As James did not allow Franklin to write for the newspaper, Franklin wrote letters to the paper as a middle-aged woman named ''Silence Dogood''. At 17 years old, Franklin ran away to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as his brother Franklin as an apprentice. found out that he was the Back toone Index who was writing the letters. Family In 1730, Franklin marriedFamily Deborah Read Rogers. -
The Protocols of Indian Treaties As Developed by Benjamin Franklin and Other Members of the American Philosophical Society
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (Religious Studies) Department of Religious Studies 9-2015 How to Buy a Continent: The Protocols of Indian Treaties as Developed by Benjamin Franklin and Other Members of the American Philosophical Society Anthony F C Wallace University of Pennsylvania Timothy B. Powell University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/rs_papers Part of the Diplomatic History Commons, Religion Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Wallace, Anthony F C and Powell, Timothy B., "How to Buy a Continent: The Protocols of Indian Treaties as Developed by Benjamin Franklin and Other Members of the American Philosophical Society" (2015). Departmental Papers (Religious Studies). 15. https://repository.upenn.edu/rs_papers/15 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/rs_papers/15 For more information, please contact [email protected]. How to Buy a Continent: The Protocols of Indian Treaties as Developed by Benjamin Franklin and Other Members of the American Philosophical Society Abstract In 1743, when Benjamin Franklin announced the formation of an American Philosophical Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge, it was important for the citizens of Pennsylvania to know more about their American Indian neighbors. Beyond a slice of land around Philadelphia, three quarters of the province were still occupied by the Delaware and several other Indian tribes, loosely gathered under the wing of an Indian confederacy known as the Six Nations. Relations with the Six Nations and their allies were being peacefully conducted in a series of so-called “Indian Treaties” that dealt with the fur trade, threats of war with France, settlement of grievances, and the purchase of land. -
The ^Penn Collection
The ^Penn Collection A young man, William Penn fell heir to the papers of his distinguished father, Admiral Sir William Penn. This collec- A tion, the foundation of the family archives, Penn carefully preserved. To it he added records of his own, which, with the passage of time, constituted a large accumulation. Just before his second visit to his colony, Penn sought to put the most pertinent of his American papers in order. James Logan, his new secretary, and Mark Swanner, a clerk, assisted in the prepara- tion of an index entitled "An Alphabetical Catalogue of Pennsylvania Letters, Papers and Affairs, 1699." Opposite a letter and a number in this index was entered the identifying endorsement docketed on the original manuscript, and, to correspond with this entry, the letter and number in the index was added to the endorsement on the origi- nal document. When completed, the index filled a volume of about one hundred pages.1 Although this effort showed order and neatness, William Penn's papers were carelessly kept in the years that followed. The Penn family made a number of moves; Penn was incapacitated and died after a long illness; from time to time, business agents pawed through the collection. Very likely, many manuscripts were taken away for special purposes and never returned. During this period, the papers were in the custody of Penn's wife; after her death in 1726, they passed to her eldest son, John Penn, the principal proprietor of Pennsylvania. In Philadelphia, there was another collection of Penn deeds, real estate maps, political papers, and correspondence. -
Conrad Weiser Papers 0700 Finding Aid Prepared by Sarah Newhouse and Anna Baechtold Georgi
Conrad Weiser papers 0700 Finding aid prepared by Sarah Newhouse and Anna Baechtold Georgi. Last updated on November 09, 2018. Historical Society of Pennsylvania November 2011 Conrad Weiser papers Table of Contents Summary Information....................................................................................................................................3 Administrative Information........................................................................................................................... 4 Related Materials........................................................................................................................................... 5 Controlled Access Headings..........................................................................................................................6 Bibliography...................................................................................................................................................8 Collection Inventory...................................................................................................................................... 9 - Page 2 - Conrad Weiser papers Summary Information Repository Historical Society of Pennsylvania Creator Weiser, Conrad, 1696-1760. Creator Weiser, Samuel, 1735-1794. Title Conrad Weiser papers Call number 0700 Date [inclusive] 1741-1783 Extent 1.33 linear feet (2 boxes, 4 volumes) Language English Language of Materials note Materials are in English and German. Mixed materials (00006990)1 [Volume] Mixed materials -
The Emergence and Decline of the Delaware Indian Nation in Western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Country, 1730--1795
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2005 The emergence and decline of the Delaware Indian nation in western Pennsylvania and the Ohio country, 1730--1795 Richard S. Grimes West Virginia University Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Grimes, Richard S., "The emergence and decline of the Delaware Indian nation in western Pennsylvania and the Ohio country, 1730--1795" (2005). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 4150. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/4150 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Emergence and Decline of the Delaware Indian Nation in Western Pennsylvania and the Ohio Country, 1730-1795 Richard S. Grimes Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Mary Lou Lustig, Ph.D., Chair Kenneth A. -
400-36 S 3RD ST, AKA 301-17 LOMBARD ST Proposal: Construct Parish Hall Review Requested: Final Approval Owner: St
ADDRESS: 400-36 S 3RD ST, AKA 301-17 LOMBARD ST Proposal: Construct parish hall Review Requested: Final Approval Owner: St. Peter's Church Applicant: David Ade, SMP Architects History: 1758; St. Peter's Church and Yard Individual Designation: 4/30/1957 District Designation: Society Hill Historic District, Significant, 3/10/1999 Staff Contact: Laura DiPasquale, [email protected] BACKGROUND: The property in question, 400-36 S. 3rd Street, is a large parcel that occupies much of the block bounded by Pine, S. 3rd, Lombard, and S. 4th Streets. St. Peter’s Church stands at the northeast corner of the site. St. Peter’s Cemetery occupies much of the northern half of the site. The southwest corner of the site, a surface parking lot, is being subdivided from 400-36 S. 3rd Street as 301-17 Lombard Street. St. Peter’s Church proposes to build a parish hall on the site. The overall property, 400-36 S. 3rd Street, was individually designated in 1957 and was included in the Society Hill Historic District as a Significant resource in 1999. Although part of the larger tax parcel at 400-36 S. 3rd Street at the time of designation, the surface parking lot at 301-17 Lombard Street is separately classified as Contributing for its archaeological potential, but not for any aboveground resources. The Historical Commission reviewed and approved a design for the parish hall in 2019, with the requirement that the property owner conduct an archaeological investigation. Since that time, the archaeological investigation has been completed and a new architect has taken over and revised the design of the parish hall. -
Abou T B En Fran Klin
3 Continuing Eventsthrough December 31,2006 January 17– March 15, 2006 LEAD SPONSOR B F o O u f O o nding Father nding r KS 1 In Philadelphia EVERYONE IS READING about Ben Franklin www.library.phila.gov The Autobiography Ben and Me Franklin: The Essential of Benjamin Franklin BY ROBERT LAWSON Founding Father RBY BENeJAMIN FRAsNKLIN ource BY JAGMES SRODES uide One Book, One Philadelphia The Books — Three Books for One Founding Father In 2006, One Book, One Philadelphia is joining Ben Franklin 300 Philadelphia to celebrate the tercentenary (300 years) of Franklin’s birth. Franklin’s interests were diverse and wide-ranging. Countless volumes have been written about him. The challenge for the One Book program was to choose works that would adequately capture the true essence of the man and his times. Because of the complexity of this year’s subject, and in order to promote the widest participation possible, One Book, One Philadelphia has chosen to offer not one, but three books about Franklin. This year’s theme will be “Three Books for One Founding Father.” The featured books are: • The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin (various editions) • Ben and Me by Robert Lawson (1939, Little, Brown & Company) • Franklin: The Essential Founding Father by James Srodes (2002, Regnery Publishing, Inc.) The Authors BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, author of The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, was born in 1706 and died in 1790 at the age of 84. He was an author, inventor, businessman, scholar, scientist, revolutionary, and statesman whose contributions to Philadelphia and the world are countless. -
From Indian Women to English Children: the Lenni-Lenape
FROM INDIAN WOMEN TO ENGLISH CHILDREN: THE LENNI-LENAPE AND THE ATTEMPT TO CREATE A NEW DIPLOMATIC IDENTITY RogerM. Carpenter University ofLouisiana at Monroe hile meeting with Pennsylvania representatives in 1757, the Lenni-Lenape sachem Teedyusung bitterly complained that he did not receive the same respect accorded Six Nations' diplomats. Employing the kinship terms that had long been a staple of native diplomacy, Teedyusung noted that his "Uncles"?the Iroquois?"were always stiled Men and had Tomahawks," while he had to carry "a pestle or hominy pounder," the tool of a woman.1 Teedyusung's negative reaction to this bit of gendered symbolism is telling, in that it illustrated the feelings of many Lenni-Lenape (also known as Delaware) concerning their treat ment as metaphorical "women" by the Iroquois. Employed in diplomatic dialogue between the two peoples from the late sev enteenth to themid-eighteenth century, themeaning of the term a as "woman" underwent series of changes, sometimes being used a mark of respect, and at other times being used in a derogatory manner. as on a new The Lenni-Lenape's status "women" took twist when English representatives, who frequently mimicked, PENNSYLVANIA HISTORY: A JOURNALOF MID-ATLANTIC STUDIES, VOL. 74, NO. I, 2007. Copyright ? 2007 The Pennsylvania Historical Association This content downloaded from 128.118.152.206 on Mon, 2 Feb 2015 09:38:30 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions PENNSYLVANIA HISTDRY but just as frequently misunderstood, native use of gender and kinship terms brought their own interpretations of these expressions to the council fire.