Diptera, Empididae)

First neotropical record of the genus Horm opeza Zetterstedt, 1838 (Diptera, Empididae) Christophe DAUGERON Laboratoire d'Entomologie, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, EP 90 du CNRS, 45 rue de Buffon, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Daugeron C. 1999 — First neotropical record of the genus Hormopeza Zetterstedt, 1838 (Diptera, Empididae). Zoosystema (21) 1 :121-126. ABSTRACT The genus Hormopeza Zetterstedt (Empididae, Oreogetoninae) is recorded for the first time from the neotropical région, with rhe description of a new species, Hormopeza dureti n.sp., from Brazil. This species is defined by rhe combination of the following maie charactets: rhe eyes are dichopric with face broader than frons, the epandrial lamellae are formed of rwo characteris- KEYWORDS Diptera, ric processes, a single membranous processus arises from between post- Empididae, gonites, and the apical filament ot phallus is short. A narrow relarionship Hormopeza, new species, berween the three southern hémisphère species known now is inferred on the neotropical région. basis of the présence of dichoptic eyes in the maie. RÉSUMÉ Première mention néotropicale du genre Hormopeza Zetterstedt, 1838 (Diptera : Empididae). Le genre Hormopeza Zetterstedt (Empididae, Oreogeroninae) est pour la pre mière fois répertorié en région néotropicale, et une espèce nouvelle provenant du Btésil, Hormopeza dureti n.sp., est décrite. Cette espèce est définie par la combinaison des caractètes mâles suivanrs : les yeux sonr dichoptiques, avec la face plus large que le front, les lamelles épandriales sonr formées de deux MOTS CLES Diptera, processus caractéristiques, un unique processus membraneux est présent Empididae, entre les postgonites, et le filament apical du phallus est courr. Une relation Hormopeza, de parenté érroite entre les rrois espèces de l'hémisphère sud à présenr nouvelle espèce, région néotropicale. connues est supposée pat la présence d'yeux dichoptiques chez le mâle. ZOOSYSTEMA • 1999 • 21 (1) 121 Daugeron C. INTRODUCTION are preferred. Since the epandrium of the Empidoidea is deeply cleft mediodorsally, the The genus Hormopeza Zetterstedt, 1838, was term of epandrial lamella for the latéral sclérites previously known from the Nearctic, Palearctic of the epandrium is used (Daugeron 1997a). and Oriental régions (Frey 1953; Melander The maie genitalia were macerated in hot 10% 1965; Steyskal 1969; Chvâla & Wagner 1989; KOH. Chlorazol black was used to stain some Smith 1975) with nine recognized species, of parts of hypopygium. Spécimens were drawn in which two are Holarctic in distribution. glycerin using a caméra lucida. Recently, Sinclair (1995a) added two southern hémisphère species respectively from Sourh Africa (Natal) and Australia (Tasmania) (see SYSTEMATICS Appendix). I add here a twelfth species, Hormopeza dureti n.sp., from Brazil (Minas Hormopeza dureti n.sp. Gérais). (Fig. Species of Hormopeza are commonly recognized D by the particular shape of the third segment of TYPE MATERIAL. - Holotype 6 [red label], Chrisrophe the antenna; the first flagellomere being very Daugeron dét., 1998, Brésil, Minas Gérais, Ing. broad with a short style (Collin 1961 ; Sinclair Dolabella réc, 13.V.1964 (MNHN, Duret collection, 1995a, b); this style bearing a further apical seg 788: 93). ment présent as a small bristle. An apical bristle- DISTRIBUTION. — Brazil (Minas Gérais). like segment is also found in other Empidoidea (e.g. in the tribe Hilarini and the gênera of the ETYMOLOGY. — The species is dedicated to Dr Pedro Dryodromia group). Unfortunately, the antennae Durer. of the single maie spécimen from Brazil are missing, but the combination of the following cha MALE DESCRIPTION racters allows assigment of this species to Head Hormopeza: the wing venation (R4+5 forked with Occiput dark grey with pair of distinct yellowish R4 and R5 strongly divergent, the obtuse junc- paravertical bristles. Ocellar triangle prominent tion of CuA, and Ap and the slightly sclerotized with only bristly hairs. Pedicel and flagellum of veins on the posterior half of the wing, e.g. see antennae missing, scape very short. Proboscis Collin 1961, fig. 105), the absence of the tarsal very short, oblique, palpi lighter than labella. claws of fore legs (Collin 1961 ; Sinclair 1995a) Eyes dichoptic but face broader than frons, facets and the structure of maie génitalia (Fig. 1), espe- ail of equal size. cially the présence of postgonites (Fig. 1B, C) and a phallus ending in an apical filament Thorax (Sinclair 1995a, b; Fig. 1C). Dusted greyish to blackish, ail bristles brownish to yellowish. Prosternum and proepisternum not fused, consequently prosternum small, isolated MATERIALS AND METHODS between the front coxae. Postpronotum with at least two distinct rather strong and long bristles. The single maie of Hormopeza dureti n.sp. was Acrostichals biserial, short. Dotsocentrals irregu- found in the Neotropical Duret collection larly biserial, a little longer than acrostichals, recenrly acquired by rhe Muséum national ending with long, strong prescurellar bristle. d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN). The spéci Several short presutural intraalars. One strong, men is glued to a pièce of cardboard. rather long presutural supraalar. Three strong, The morphological terms follow McAlpine long notopleurals. Scutellum with two pairs of (1981), except for the maie genitalia for which sttong, long, apical bristles, two pairs of shorter, the homologies and terms of Sinclair (1996), latéral bristles and fringe of very short bristles. Sinclair et al. (1994) and Cumming et al. (1995) Laterorergite bare. 122 ZOOSYSTEMA • 1999 • 21 (1) A Neotropical Hormopeza Legs thus very faint on posterior half. Ail veins com Hindlegs missing on the type spécimen. Coxae plète except A,, indistinct towards the margin of blackish to brownish in the lower part, with dis wing. R4+5 forked with R4 and R5 strongly diver tinct yellow bristles anteriorly. Femora, tibiae gent and R4 almost invisible at base. Costa and tarsi blackish to brownish, somewhat shi ending at R5. Anal lobe well developed with right lling, covered with numerous very short bristles angled. One halter not visible, second one broken. or bristly hairs. Tibiae with some bristles dis tinctly stronger and longer. Pulvilli distinct, tar- Abdomen sal claws of forelegs absent. Greyish dusted at base, otherwise shining black ish with distinct yellowish bristles on latéral and Wings hind margins of segments, especially in the ante Hyaline, veins brownish to yellowish on anterior rior part of abdomen. Tergite 8 desclerotized half of wing, becoming fainrly sclerotized and mediolaterally. FIG. 1. — Maie hypopygium of Hormopeza dureti n.sp. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, latéral view. Abbreviations: cer, cercus; epd, epandrium; goncx apod, gonocoxal apodeme; hypd, hypandrium: pgon, postgonites; ph, phallus; sub sel, subepandrial scie- rite. Scale bar: 0.2 mm. ZOOSYSTEMA • 1999 • 21 (1) 123 Daugeron C. Hypopygium (Fig. 1) séparation between Africa and South America is Cerci long, almost unsclerotized and beating anterior to that between South America and some fine and short bristly hairs especially at the Australia which have remained in contact via apex (Fig. 1A). Epandrium not paired but deeply Antarctica until at least the Maastrichtian cleft mediodorsally, each latéral epandrial lamella (- 70 Ma); the séparation between Australia and formed of two processes, the first one long, the Antarctica occurring between this period and the second one shorter, respectively rounded and Eocene (- 50 Ma) (Matile 1990). pointed apically (Fig. 1A, B). Hypandrium with Little is known of the life history of the genus fringe of distinct, rather long bristles on apical Hormopeza as the species are rather rare in margin (Fig. 1B), postgonites perpendicular to nature, but frequently encountered swarming in the hypandrial plate, arising from between them, smoke (they are also called empidid smoke Aies) a single membtanous process (Fig. 1C). Phallus (Collin 1918; Kessel 1952, 1958, 1965). Species rather short, with shott apical filament (Fig. 1C). of Hormopeza are predators, found to prey upon the swarms of the platypezid smoke Aies of the Female unknown. genus Microsania Zetterstedt, 1837 (Collart 1953; Kessel 1965). On the other hand, it is not sure that mating DISCUSSION obligatory takes place in swarms, contrary to what Sinclair indicated (1995a), because only Although the genus Hormopeza is rarely collec one mating pait has been obsetved by Kessel ted, especially in the southern hémisphère, its (1965) close to a swarm; further observations are présence in the Neotropical région allows to therefore urgently required. In fact, in the recognize it as distributed Worldwide. Empidoidea, it seems that only species of the In the maie of H. dureti, the tatsal claws of fore- subfamily Empidinae form obligatoty mating legs are absent as in the maies of the two othet swarms, except species of some subgenera belon- species of the southern hémisphère (Sinclair ging to the genus Empis Linnaeus, 1758 or 1995a) and the Holarctic species H. obliterata Rhamphomyia Meigen, 1822, for instance Zetterstedt, 1838 (Collin 1961). This is proba Lundstroemiella Frey, 1922 (Rhamphomyia bly a generic character, as Sinclair noted (1995a), Meigen), Xanthempis Bezzi, 1909 and probably and thus another autapomorphy of Hormopeza Lissempis Bezzi, 1909 (Empis Linnaeus) (Chvâla (in addition to the particulat structure of the 1994; Daugeron 1997b and in prep.). antenna), although its ptesence must be ascertai-

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