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Hybotidae of the Galápagos Islands (Diptera: Empidoidea: Tachydromiinae) Bradley J

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Hybotidae of the Galápagos Islands (Diptera: Empidoidea: Tachydromiinae) Bradley J Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 156 (2013) 127–139 brill.com/tve Hybotidae of the Galápagos Islands (Diptera: Empidoidea: Tachydromiinae) Bradley J. Sinclair & Jeffrey M. Cumming Three genera (Isodrapetis Collin, Chersodromia Walker, Elaphropeza Macquart) and six species of Tachydromiinae (Hybotidae) are recorded from the Galápagos Islands. One new species of Isodrapetis (I. meridionalis sp. n.)andthreenewspeciesof Chersodromia (C. floreana sp. n., C. galapagensis sp. n., C. isabela sp. n.)are described. Elaphropeza zonalis (Curran) is redescribed and a fourth species of Chersodromia is identified based on a single female specimen. A key to all Galápagos species is provided. Isodrapetis is recorded for the first time outside of New Zealand. The affinities of the Galápagos Tachydromiinae to the New World fauna are discussed. Keywords: Galápagos Islands, Neotropics, Hybotidae, Empidoidea, Elaphropeza, Chersodromia, Isodrapetis, new species. Bradley J. Sinclair*, Canadian National Collection of Insects and Ottawa Plant Laboratory – Entomology, CFIA, K.W. Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1A OC6, Canada. [email protected] Jeffrey M. Cumming, Invertebrate Biodiversity, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, K1A OC6, Canada. [email protected] Introduction datazone.darwinfoundation.org/terrestrial-inverte Knowledge of the Diptera of the Galápagos Islands brates/diptera/. has progressed tremendously over the past 20 years, The empidoid flies that are known to occur on facilitated primarily on the basis of specimens from the Galápagos Islands include the Dolichopodidae, the arthropod surveys of 1985–1996 organized and previously treated by Bickel & Sinclair (1997), and directed by Stewart Peck (Peck 2001, 2006; Sin- the Hybotidae. Among the hybotid flies (Tachy- clair 2009). Modern revisions have been published dromiinae), one species was previously recorded from for many families based on this material, includ- the Galápagos, Elaphropeza zonalis (Curran). This ing Agromyzidae (Sasakawa 2007), Asteiidae (For- species was collected during the Norwegian Zoologi- rest & Wheeler 2002), Canacidae: Tethininae (Foster cal Expedition of 1925 (Curran 1932). Based on ex- & Mathis 2008), Carnidae (Wheeler 2000), Cerato- tensive recent collections, four new species are de- pogonidae (Borkent 1991), Chloropidae (Wheeler scribed in this study and inter-island distributions & Forrest 2003), Chyromyidae (Wheeler & Sin- of all species are listed. All the Galápagos Hybotidae clair 1994), Ephydridae (Mathis 1995), and Heleo- reported in this paper belong to the tachydromiine myzidae: Trixoscelidinae (Foster & Mathis 2011). tribe Drapetini (= Drapetidini) as defined by Sin- A checklist of the species of Diptera of the clair & Cumming (2006: 79, but see correction in Galápagos islands is available at: http://checklists. Sinclair & Cumming 2007: 37). The affinities of the Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 156: 127–139, Figs 1–18. [ISSN 0040-7496]. brill.com/tve © 2013 Government of Canada. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC 3.0) License, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Published by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden. Published 20 December 2013. DOI 10.1163/22119434-00002026 Downloaded from Brill.com10/04/2021 01:57:34PM * Corresponding author via free access 128 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 156, 2013 Galápagos Drapetini with the New World fauna are Cruz)(Fig.11)........................ also discussed. .............Chersodromia galapagensis sp. n. – Palpus, halter and legs (at least ventrally) yellowish brown. Thoracic setae pale, espe- Material and methods cially when viewed anteriorly. Right sursty- This study is based on specimens borrowed or de- lus slender, apex not forked (Figs 8, 9, 12, posited in the following collections: American Mu- 13).....................................5 seum of Natural History, New York, USA (AMNH); 5. Right epandrial lamella with dense row of California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA long stout setae (Isla Floreana) (Fig. 8) . (CAS); Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ot- ................Chersodromia floreana sp. n. tawa, Canada (CNC). – Right epandrial lamella with sparse row of Terms used for adult structures primarily follow long slender setae (Isla Isabela) (Fig. 12). those of Cumming & Wood (2009), except for the ..................Chersodromia isabela sp. n. antenna and wing venation where the terms of Stuck- enberg (1999) and Saigusa (2006) are used respec- tively. In the system outlined by Saigusa (2006), the Chersodromia Walker dipteran wing vein A1 (as used in McAlpine 1981) is Chersodromia Walker, 1849: 1157. Type species: Ta c hy pez a homologized with the mecopteran CuP, and conse- brevipennis Zetterstedt, 1838, by subsequent designation of Rondani (1856: 147) [= arenaria (Haliday, 1833)]. quently CuA1 (of McAlpine) is termed M4,whereas Coloboneura Melander, 1902: 229. Type species: Coloboneura CuA2 is CuA, the anal cell is cell cua and the anal vein (A + CuA )isCuP+ CuA. Homologies of inusitata Melander, 1902, by monotypy. 1 2 Halsanalotes Becker, 1902: 41. Type species: Halsanalotes the male terminalia follow those of Sinclair & Cum- amaurus Becker, 1902, by monotypy. ming (2006). Thinodromia Melander, 1906: 370. Type species: Thinodromia Label data for primary types are cited from the inchoata Melander, 1906, by monotypy. top downward, with the data from each label in quotation marks. Labels are cited in full, including Recognition original spelling, punctuation, and date, with label The genus is distinguished from other tachydromiine lines delimited by a slash (/). Additional information genera by its nearly equal length basal cells (br and is included in square [ ] brackets. The repository bm), widely separated eyes on face and frons, broad of each type is given in parentheses. Secondary type gena, and bristly legs (particularly tibiae). data are abridged and listed alphabetically. Remarks Key to genera and species of Galápagos Chersodromia is primarily confined to marine shore- Hybotidae lines with more than 55 described species worldwide 1. Cell br equal to or longer than cell bm at (Grootaert et al. 2007). Four species are currently apex(Figs4,6)..........................2 recognized from the Galápagos, readily divided into – Cell br much shorter than cell bm at apex two groups on the basis of the shape of the postpedi- (Figs2,5).......Elaphropeza zonalis (Curran) cel and position of the stylus. The first group (Cherso- 2. Eyes widely separated on face and frons; dromia undescribed sp.), referred to here as the elon- gena distinctly extended below eye; legs gate postpedicel group, also occurs in Central Amer- bristly (Fig. 1) . .Chersodromia Walker...3 ica, with two described species (Arnaud 1975). The – Eyes nearly contiguous on face; gena scarce- second group with short postpedicel and subdorsal ly extended below eye; leg clothed in long stylus, comprises three species (C. floreana sp. n., C. slender setae, lacking distinct isolated bris- galapagensis sp. n., C. isabela sp. n.)eachconfined tles(IslaEspañola)(Fig.3).............. to a single main island. An additional dark coloured ................Isodrapetis meridionalis sp. n. specimen (female only) that belongs to this second 3. Postpedicel more than 2 times longer than group is known from the northernmost isolated is- basal width; stylus arising apically (Isla Is- land of Darwin, but a male specimen is required to abela) . Chersodromia undescribed species. assess its relationship with the other three short post- – Postpedicel less than 2 times longer than pedicel species. basal width; stylus arising subdorsally The presence of these two species groups indicates (Fig.1).................................4 that there was a minimum of two colonization or dis- 4. Palpus, halter and legs brown (Fig. 1). Tho- persal events from the mainland. The short postpedi- racic setae dark. Right surstylus somewhat cel species appear to be closely related and possibly a broad and weakly forked apically (Isla Santa monophyletic group on the basis of the male termi- Downloaded from Brill.com10/04/2021 01:57:34PM via free access Sinclair & Cumming: Hybotidae of the Galápagos Islands (Diptera: Empidoidea: Tachydromiinae) 129 nalia, particularly the shape of the left cercus and left with sparse row of posteroventral setae with long surstylus. basal seta; 1 strong anterodorsal and anteroventral preapical seta. Mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal and Chersodromia floreana sp. n. 1 anterior preapical setae; some weak anteroventral spiny-setae on apical half. Hind femur similar in Figs 8, 9 thickness to other femora, posterior face somewhat Type material. Holotype, labelled: “ECU: Galap: flattened and arched medially. Hind tibia with stout Floreana/Pt. Cormorant, littoral/white sand beach setae on apical half: 3 anterodorsals, 4 anteriors, 3 26.iii.1989/BJ Sinclair”; “HOLOTYPE/Cherso- anteroventrals. dromia/floreana/Sinclair & Cumming [red label]” Wing (length 1.5–1.6 mm) infuscate, with brown (CNC). Paratypes: Ecuador. Galápagos. Floreana: veins. Basal costal seta shorter than postalar bris- same data as holotype (2,CNC). tle, brown. Vein Rs nearly 4 times longer than crossvein bm-m (bm-cu). R2+3 joining costa be- Recognition yond mid-length. M1+2 and R4+5 parallel at wing This species is distinguished by the short postpedicel tip. Crossvein bm-m (bm-cu) strongly oblique. and subdorsal
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