Freshwater Fisheries in Central & Eastern Europe: the Challenge Of
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Freshwater Fisheries in Central & Eastern Europe: IUCN – THE WORLD CONSERVATION UNION Founded in 1948, The World Conservation Union brings together states, government agen- cies, and a diverse range of non-governmental organisations in a unique worldwide part- IUCN nership; over 1000 members in all, spread across some 140 countries. Programme As a union, IUCN seeks to influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world Office for to conserve the integrity and diversity of nature and to ensure that any use of natural resources is equitable and ecologically sustainable. Central The World Conservation Union builds on the strengths of its members, networks and part- Europe ners to enhance their capacity and to support global alliances to safeguard natural resources at local, regional and global levels. EUROPEAN PROGRAMME 2005–2008 The IUCN European Programme mission is to contribute to a sustainable Europe by influ- encing policy development and implementation for biodiversity and landscape conserva- tion, restoration and sustainable use inside and outside Europe. In practical terms, the mission translates into the following objectives: Supporting the Union in Europe and the EU – Improved support framework for the global work of IUCN through the EU and other European partners; improved European member- ship services, including capacity building the Challenge of Sustainability Freshwater Fisheries in Central Understanding the main drivers of biodiversity change – Improved knowledge of biodiver- sity change and effective conservation measures at landscape, ecosystem, habitat and & Eastern Europe: species levels the Challenge of Sustainability Financing nature conservation – Efficient incentive frameworks for biodiversity conserva- tion and sustainable use are available and understood Linking education, science, policy and practice – National and supranational (EU) policies, multilateral agreements, processes and institutions are more supportive of biodiversity conservation and ecologically sustainable use Managing our natural heritage – Ecosystems are managed in a sustainable manner, rec- onciling social, economic and biodiversity objectives The European Programme seeks to make IUCN’s voice heard through providing authoritative information and policy products, whilst applying the expertise in the European constituency of IUCN. These will be the result of integrating the diverse expertise of the Commissions, members and the worldwide IUCN secretariat to address the key drivers of biodiversity loss. The IUCN European Programme provides the platform for bringing the expertise together, coordinating development of the products and obtaining financial resources. The IUCN Programme Office for Central Europe – current fields of activities The IUCN Programme Office in Warsaw has a ten years experience in providing informa- tion on current topics related to biodiversity management. The office’s expertise in compil- ing and disseminating information to key societal actors currently serves four major fields of activities: Ecological Networks – development of the ecological network in Ukraine. Uniting world experience to support a Global ECONET Agriculture – integrating environmental and consumer organisations of the CE region into the discussion of the European agricultural policy reform, and Integrating biodiversity protection concerns into the development of rural areas by linking instruments of the future Natura 2000 sites with Rural Development Plans in the CE region Forestry – raising awareness and building capacity among private forest owners in the CE region, developing nature conservation guidelines for afforestation projects Fishery – promoting sustainable management of freshwater fisheries in 19 countries of Central and Eastern Europe IUCN Regional Office for Europe IUCN Programme Office IUCN Programme Office for the CIS IUCN Programme Office Boulevard Louis Schmidt 64 for Central Europe 17, Marshal Vasilevsky Street for South-Eastern Europe 1040 Brussels ul. Włoska 4 123182 Moscow Dr. Ivana Ribara 91 Belgium 00-777 Warsaw Russian Federation 11070 Novi Beograd Tel.: +32 27 328299 Poland Tel.: +7 095 1904655 or 1907077 Serbia and Montenegro Fax: +32 27 329499 Tel.: +48 22 841 07 57 Fax: +7 095 4905818 Tel/fax: +381 11 2272 531 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +48 22 851 84 82 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] http://www.iucneurope.org E-mail: [email protected] http://www.iucn.ru http://www.iucn.org http://www.iucn-ce.org.pl ISBN 2-8317-0847-8 Freshwater Fisheries in Central & Eastern Europe: the Challenge of Sustainability Overview Report compiled by Robert Aps Robin Sharp Tamara Kutonova On behalf of European Sustainable Use Specialist Group of IUCN/SSC Fisheries Working Group IUCN Programme Office for Central Europe Funded by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality Warsaw July 2004 Sustainable development is an idea, or perhaps an ideal, as much grounded in hope as in reality Peter B. Bridgewater and Salvatore Arico (2002). Conserving and managing biodiversity sustainably: the role of science and society Natural Resources Forum 26: 245–248 The designation of geographic entities in this book, and the presentation of the mate- rial, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Copyright: (2004) IUCN – The World Conservation Union and Foundation IUCN Poland (IUCN Programme Office for Central Europe) Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without permission from the copyright holder. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Aps R., Sharp R., Kutonova T. comp. 2004. Freshwater Fisheries in Central & Eastern Europe: the Challenge of Sustainability. Overview Report. IUCN, Warsaw, Poland. English-language edition by: Robin Sharp Project Coordinators: Zenon Tederko Tamara Kutonova ISBN: 2-8317-0847-8 Cover photo: Sergei Gladkevich Photos in the text: Milomir Bošković, Dusan Jovanovic, Tamara Kutonova, Ion Navodaru, Ivan Rusev, Väino Vaino, Allan Walker Layout and cover design by: Carta Blanca, Ewa Cwalina Table of Contents 1 Information sources . .12 2 Concepts which underpin the sustainable use of biodiversity . .13 Case study. Aranyponty: a Multi-functional Carp Farm . .16 3 Synthesis and integration of the 19 country study findings . .19 3.1. General information on freshwater resources . .19 3.2. Dynamics of freshwater fishery and aquaculture . .19 3.3. Legal and organizational basis of freshwater fishery . .19 3.4. Management of trans-boundary fishery resources . .19 Case study. Peipsi Lake Case: Estonian-Russian Co-operation in Conservation of Fisheries Resources . .21 3.5. Integrated fishery resource management . .22 Case study. The Lower Dniester River: Public on the Guard of Biodiversity . .23 3.6. Interaction and possible conflict between professional and recreational fishers . .25 3.7. Socio-economic dimensions of freshwater fishery . .27 Case study. The Gradac River: Water-mills, Trout and Public Awareness . .28 3.8. Fishing-related causes of biodiversity loss . .29 Case study. Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve: Addressing Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing . .30 3.9. Biodiversity loss for reasons other than fishing . .31 3.10.Driving forces of biodiversity decrease . .32 3.11.Measures aimed at protecting biodiversity . .33 Case study. The Raba River: Trout Fishery and River Keeping as a Pastime . .34 4 Framework for the future role of IUCN in relation to countries of Central Europe: focus on recreational fishery . .37 5 Proposals for an IUCN Programme on Sustainable Freshwater Fisheries in CEE countries . .38 5.1. Objective . .38 5.2. Pragmatic priorities . .38 5.3. Recommendations . .39 5.4. Potential topics of Pan-European importance . .39 5.5. IUCN potential partner organizations . .42 6 Conclusions . .43 Annex I. Questionnaire . .45 Annex II. List of national experts compiling the country reports . .47 Annex III. Freshwater fishery and aquaculture statistics for Eastern Europe in 1990–2000 . .50 Annex IV. Selected international biodiversity-related concepts . .55 Annex V. IUCN selected fish diversity-related activities in CEE . .61 Annex VI. Summary tables of synthesis and integration of main research findings . .63 Annex VII. Details of major international organisations IUCN could seek observer status or pursue dialogue with . .74 Annex VIII. Recommendations to facilitate progress towards the ecosystem approach in freshwater fisheries management to reverse the decline in stocks and the related biodiversity decline by 2010 . .77 List of Abbreviations BSRP Baltic Sea Regional Project CBA Cost-Benefit Analysis CBD Convention on Biodiversity CEA Cost-Effectiveness Analysis CEE Central and Eastern Europe CFP Common Fisheries Policy EAA European Anglers Alliance EAF Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries EAS European Aquaculture Society EIFAC European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission of Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations ESUSG IUCN European Sustainable Use Specialist Group FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations FFPCEE IUCN Freshwater Fisheries Programme for Central and Eastern Europe HELCOM The Helsinki Commission IBSFC