A Companion to Greek Rhetoric
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The Appeal to Easiness in Aristotle's Protrepticus
THE APPEAL TO EASINESS IN ARISTOTLE’S PROTREPTICUS Matthew D. Walker [Uncorrected draft. To be published in Ancient Philosophy 39 (2019). Please cite only the final published version.] Aristotle’s Protrepticus sought to exhort its audience to engage in philosophy (filosofi&a), i.e., the “acquisition and use of wisdom” (kth~si&v te kai_ xrh~siv sofi&av: 6, 40.2-3/B53; cf. 6, 37.7-9/B8).1 The Protrepticus is now lost. But work by D.S. Hutchinson and Monte Ransome Johnson (2005) has confirmed earlier speculation – initiated by Ingram Bywater (1869) – that Iamblichus preserves large passages of the work in his own Protrepticus. Hutchinson and Johnson 2018 argue that significant portions of the Protrepticus also appear in Iamblichus’ De Communi Mathematica Scientia (DCMS), and that the Protrepticus was originally a dialogue. In passages preserved in Chapter 6 of Iamblichus’ Protrepticus (at 40.15-41.2/B55- 56), Aristotle offers three linked arguments for the claim that philosophy is easy. (I number the arguments in the translation that follows.) [1] For, with no pay coming from people to those who philosophize, on account of which [the latter] would have labored strenuously in this way, and with a great lead extended to the other arts, nevertheless their passing [the other arts] in exactness despite running a short time seems to me to be a sign of the easiness about philosophy. [2] And further, everybody’s feeling at home in it and wishing to occupy leisure with it, leaving aside all else, is no small sign that the close attention comes with pleasure; for no one is willing to labor for a long time. -
EXCAVATING the IMAGINATION: the ARABIC AFTERLIFE of ARISTOTLE's PHANTASIA by Jessica L. Radin a Thesis Submitted in Conformity
EXCAVATING THE IMAGINATION: THE ARABIC AFTERLIFE OF ARISTOTLE’S PHANTASIA By Jessica L. Radin A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of the Study of Religion University of Toronto @Copyright by Jessica L. Radin 2018 EXCAVATING THE IMAGINATION: THE ARABIC AFTERLIFE OF ARISTOTLE’S PHANTASIA Jessica L. Radin Doctor of Philosophy Department for the Study of Religion University of Toronto 2018 ABSTRACT : This dissertation focuses on the afterlife of Aristotle’s work on the imagination, specifically in the work of al-Farabi, Ibn Rushd, and Maimonides. Drawing on previous scholarship that has investigated the philosophical and psychological role of the imagination in Aristotle, this dissertation considers the role that Aristotle’s Rhetoric had to play in later Arabic readings of Aristotle. This dissertation demonstrates that it wasthe rich life of Aristotle’s Rhetoric in the Arabic world that lead to a slow-burning association of imagination and politics. For al-Farabi, Ibn Rushd, and Maimonides, the imagination is the psychological feature of human beings that make us susceptible to persuasive speech. Since the images of imagination in human beings are restrained and directed by the rational faculty, they can also be directed, although not restrained, by the power of persuasive speech. The imagination allows human beings to imagine the world differently from the way it is, but at the same time it is not intrinsically capable of ascertaining which future or change is good. But human reason, with its deliberative powers, allows us to distinguish between persuasion based on emotional triggers and habitual desires and the truly remarkable innovations that can stem only from the partnership between imagination and reason. -
Rhetoric in European Culture and Beyond KAROLINUM Culture Andbeyond Ineuropean Rhetoric Jiří Kraus Jiří Chateau Park Inlysá Nad Labem, Nearprague
Prof. PhDr. Jiří Kraus, DrSc. Rhetoric in European and World Culture traces the position of rhetoric in cultural Cover image: Allegory of Rhetoric. (1935) and educational systems from ancient times to the present. Here, Jiří Kraus examines František Václav Adámek ( 1713–1779), Professor Kraus lectures at the Faculty of Social Sciences, rhetoric’s decline in importance during a period of rationalism and enlightenment, from the Matthias Bernard Braun school. Charles University in Prague. Between 1963–2002 he worked presents the causes of negative connotations of rhetoric, and explains why rhetoric Rhetoric in European Chateau park in Lysá nad Labem, near Prague. in the Czech Language Institute of the Academy of Sciences, in the twentieth century regained its prestige. Kraus demonstrates that the reputation where he pursued mathematical linguistics prior to changing of rhetoric falls when it is reduced to a refined method for deceiving the public and his focus onto language culture and rhetoric. He is a member increases when it is seen as a scientific discipline throughout the humanities. In this Culture and Beyond of the editorial boards of prominent Czech linguistic journals sense, the author argues, rhetoric strives for universal recognition and the cultivation and of Charles University’s science council. After the cold of rhetorical expression, spoken and written, including not only its production but also war era, he became a member of the International Society for reception and interpretation. the History of Rhetoric, striking personal relations with leading Apart from classical and medieval rhetoric the book presents the condensed history world representatives in the field, particularly with Professor of rhetoric in France, Spain, Italy, Germany, England and Scotland as well as in the C. -
A Cross-Disciplinary Study of Ancient Greek Kairos, Circa 3000–146 Bce
FROM NATURE TO THE IDEAL: A CROSS-DISCIPLINARY STUDY OF ANCIENT GREEK KAIROS, CIRCA 3000–146 BCE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY NICOLE RUTH CARDASSILARIS DISSERTATION ADVISOR: DR. PAUL W. RANIERI BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA MAY 2019 To my intellectual DNA, and to my biological DNA, but especially to my son, Nicholas 2 CONTENTS PAGE Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………………… 4 List of Figures …………………………………………………………………….. 7 Chapter 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………….. 10 Chapter 2. Denotations and Connotations of Ancient Greek Kairos: A Review of Literature in Three Academic Disciplines ……………. 36 Chapter 3. Towards a Prehistory of Ancient Greek Kairos: What Constituted the Greeks’ Understanding of “a Moment in Time” between 3000-600 BCE? …………………………………………… 81 Chapter 4. The Expansion and Organization of Expression: Kairos in Transition, 800-400 BCE ………………………………… 124 Chapter 5. From Nature to Humankind: Framing the Conventional and Ideal Kairos, 400-146 BCE ……………………………………... 181 Chapter 6. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………….. 231 Bibliography …………………………………………………………………………. 245 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First I would like to thank the professors who sat on my dissertation committee. Thank you Professors Paul Ranieri (Rhetoric and Writing), Robert Habich (American Literature), Christine Shea (Classical Studies), and Richard King (Classical Studies). Robert Habich advised the approach and structure of my research, while providing expert feedback and expert advice for revisions. Christine Shea and Richard King advised on the sociocultural aspects of ancient Greece, Greek mythology, and various philological corrections and recommendations on translations of ancient Greek. I thank each one of you for your encouragement to complete this project. For my cross-disciplinary study of ancient Greek kairos, I feel fortunate for the cross- disciplinary make-up of my committee. -
Aristotle's Rhetoric As Political Philosophy
Founding Speech: Aristotle’s Rhetoric as Political Philosophy by Tina Rupcic A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science University of Toronto © Copyright by Tina Rupcic 2017 Founding Speech: Aristotle’s Rhetoric as Political Philosophy Tina Rupcic Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science University of Toronto 2017 Abstract There is notoriously little agreement in the literature on Aristotle’s Rhetoric. While disputes about most every aspect of Aristotle’s argument abound, most scholars tend to agree on one general point. That is, most read the work as an attempt at discovering and describing the nature of rhetorical persuasion. The present study takes a different view: it maintains that the Rhetoric is better understood as an attempt at replacing the existing teaching and practice of rhetoric with one that is better suited for use within the deliberative institutions of political society. The Rhetoric, on this reading, is a work with a political project. This dissertation contributes to the literature in three distinct ways. First, it attempts to show that there is a significant rhetorical component to some of Aristotle’s most prominent arguments. It argues, among other things, that the first chapter of the work and the taxonomy of rhetoric presented in chapters two and three should not be taken at face value. Second, this study illustrates the extent to which concerns about legislation figure into Aristotle’s attempts at articulating an art of speech. Most readings conceptualize the problem of rhetoric as consisting in the relationship between rhetoric and collective judgment, taking the view that Aristotle’s solution lies in liberating judgment from a rhetorical practice that enmeshes it in some incongruous or inappropriate way. -
Book of Quotations on Rhetoric
Kinney 1 Book of Quotations on Rhetoric Nearly 2,000 years ago, in the Institutio oratoria, the Roman rhetorician Quintilian undertook to catalogue what he believed were the more significant definitions of rhetoric. Some 3,000 words later, he concluded, “there has grown up a perverse desire in writers of textbooks [on rhetoric] never to formulate anything in words which some predecessor has used. I shall have no such pretensions.” Indeed, Quintilian borrowed his definition—the science of speaking well— from Marcus Cato. Although Quintilian opted out of this “perverse desire,” it has continued unabatedly. If anything, the practice of defining and redefining the term rhetoric has intensified in recent years. In 1828, when Richard Whately sought to repeat Quintilian’s undertaking, he explained, in words that could be echoed today, “To enter into an examination of all the definitions [of rhetoric] that have been given, would lead to much uninteresting and uninstructive verbal controversy.” Undoubtedly, this obsession with definitions, taxonomies, and just words in general— copiousness, Erasmus calls it—has made rhetoric an art that is hard to master. Yet, as Kenneth Burke reminds us, “a definition the critic’s equivalent of a lyric, or of an aria in opera.” Hence, copiousness is the hallmark of rhetoric. And while it may be one of rhetoric’s greatest weaknesses, it is also one of its greatest strengths. For better or worse, rhetoric is an example of what philosopher W. B. Gallie calls an “essentially contested concept.” Sappho (ca. 6th Century BCE) “Whom has Persuasion to bring round now “to your love? Who, Sappho, is unfair to you? For, let her run, she will soon run after; “if she won’t accept gifts, she will one day give them; and if she won’t love you—she soon will “love, although unwillingly...” Source: Sappho, “Prayer to My Lady of Paphos,” Sappho: A New Translation. -
Psicanálise Carlos Alexandre Henriques Peres Dias
A dialógica fenomenologia<>psicanálise Carlos Alexandre Henriques Peres Dias Orientador: Professor Doutor Michel Renaud Co-Orientador: Doutor Jorge de Almeida Gonçalves ___________________________________________________ Tese de Doutoramento em Filosofia, Especialidade em Filosofia do Conhecimento e Epistemologia JULHO/2014 1 Nº de aluno: 16920 Carlos Alexandre Henriques Peres Dias ___________________________________________________ Tese de Doutoramento em Filosofia, Especialidade em Filosofia do Conhecimento e Epistemologia Orientador: Professor Doutor Michel Renaud Co-Orientador: Doutor Jorge de Almeida Gonçalves JULHO/2014 2 Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Filosofia, Especialidade em Filosofia do Conhecimento e Epistemologia, realizada sob a orientação científica de Professor Doutor Michel Renaud e co-orientação de Doutor Jorge de Almeida Gonçalves APOIO FINANCIERO DA FCT 3 Declaro que esta Tese é o resultado da minha investigação pessoal e independente. O seu conteúdo é original e todas as fontes consultadas estão devidamente mencionadas no texto, nas notas e na bibliografia. O candidato, ________ ________ Lisboa, 14 de Julho de 2014 Declaro que esta Tese se encontra em condições de ser apreciada pelo júri a designar. O orientador, ____________________ O co-orientador, Jorge de Almeida Gonçalves ____________________ Lisboa, 14 de Julho de 2014 4 Abstract Palavras-chave: «si»; fenomenologia; psicanálise; hermenêutica; simbólica do mal; psicopatia A nossa investigação doutoral consiste em articular a fenomenologia hermenêutica de Ricoeur, e (por inerência) Husserl com a psicanálise de Freud e Lacan, a fim de aferir quais as contribuições destas duas áreas do saber para a identificação da categoria, ainda não tematizada, do «si». Na nossa perspectiva, a tematização de Ricoeur, a saber, o «si-mesmo», a «ipseidade», o «cogito integral» (inter-alia) constituem aproximações epistemológicas ao «si». -
Biocosmology As a New Sign and Its Possible Meanings
E – L O G O S ELECTRONIC JOURNAL FOR PHILOSOPHY/2008 ISSN 1211-0442 BIOCOSMOLOGY AS A NEW SIGN AND ITS POSSIBLE MEANINGS Anna Makolkin University of Toronto I am a citizen of the Universe Socrates There is something intermediate between them Aristotle, “Categories” Abstract The unresolved universal human existential dilemmas, both the Biologically given and Culturally induced, even in today’s context of human knowledge and pseudo- knowledge, dictate new paradigms, which unavoidably make a recourse to the past. And Dr. Konstantin Khroutski’s BioCosmology, despite its ambiguities and some questionable claims, does offer a much needed today sound analytical beginning, amidst the postmodern confusion, the crisis of creativity and consciousness, and futile attempts to connect the disconnected. Dr. K. Khroutski’s “Russian” BioCosmology represents a very intriguing and ambitious neo-Aristotelian model —synthesis of Nature and Culture —all the biological and cultural evolutionary processes of Homo sapiens from the primitive to the most advanced stages of development, with some insights into the future of art of healing and producing culture. We witness a new postmodern renaissance of the Aristotelian metaphysics, philosophy and medical ethics, coming again from a physician-philosopher. It s an attempt to adjust the cultural signification of the last two millennia to the ultimate human physical and cultural possibilities, reaching the desired state of eudomonism in harmony with Cosmos, with the physical and cultural Other, reconciling the ever-seeking homo sapiens with oneself and the restless sapienza. 1 This paper will semiotically dissect Khroutski’s paradigm in the light of its own (albeit negated) analytical point of departure—the Aristotelian theories of cosmology, his categories and metaphysics—and its postmodern renditions, arising from the lack of a close textual familiarity and poor translations from Greek. -
The Enthymeme in Aristotle's Rhetoric: from Argumentation Theory to Logic
The Enthymeme in Aristotle's Rhetoric: From Argumentation Theory to Logic ANTOINE c. BRAET Rijksuniversiteit Leiden Abstract: Which properties are character Resume: II n 'y a aucun consensus sur ee qui istic of the enthymeme in Aristotle's Rheto caracterise les enthymemes dans la Rhitorique ric? There is no consensus on this point. d' Aristote. Dans eet article on concentre sur tr The present discussion centres on three ois questions. I.Y a-t-il toujours une premisse properties. 1. Is there always an implicit implicite? (Reponse : iI faut surtout distinguer premise? (Answer: Above all, a pragmatic les niveaux pragmatique et logique.) 2. Les level and a logical level must be distin premisses sont-elles par definition des probabilites guished.) 2. Do the premises consist by defi etdes signes ?(Reponse : Non.)3. Est-eeque les nition of probabilities and signs? (Answer: enthymemes peuvent se reduire a une forme No.). 3. Are all enthymemes reducible to a syllogistique ? (Reponse : les ecrits relatifs a ee syllogistic form? (Answer: The literature per sujet se fondent sur un faux dilemme : un taining to this question is dominated by a enthymeme n' a aucune structure syllogistique ou false dilemma: an enthymeme does not have thematique. En general, I' apporoche d' Aristote sur les enthymemes dans la Rhitorique semble either a topical or a syllogistic structure). In varier entre la theorie de I'argumentation et la general, Aristotle's approach to the enthymeme in the Rhetoric appears to shift logique. from argumentation theory to logic. Keywords: enthymeme, implicit premise, probabilities and signs, topical and syllogistic structures, argumentation schemes, forms of argument 1. -
On Sophistical Refutations on Coming-To-Be and Passing-Away on the Cosmos
THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D. EDITED BY t T. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. t E. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. t W. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. L, A. POST, M.A. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., f.r.hist.soc. ARISTOTLE ON SOPHISTICAL REFUTATIONS ON COMING-TO-BE AND PASSING-AWAY ON THE COSMOS ARIS^ JTLE.s4'^ /// ON SOPHISTICAL REFUTATIONS ON COMING-TO-BE AND PASSING-AWAY BY IE. S. FORSTER, M.A. KMERlTUb PROFESSOR OF OREF.K IN THF. UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD ON THE COSMOS BY D. J. FURLEY, M.A. LEC'TORER IN OREEK AND LATIN IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMLV 1?p> 625842 ?8. /I. Sy Printed in Great liritain CONTENTS PREFATORY NOTE Professor E. S. Forster completed his versions of De Sophisticis Elenchis and De Generatione et Corruptione before he died. I have checked the proofs and added a brief index. D. J. FURLEV London January 1955 DE SOPHISTICIS ELENCHIS INTRODUCTION I. The Place of the Topica IN THE OrgA SON Both the Topica and the I)e Sophistids Elenchis have always been regarded as genuine works of Aristotle. The two treatises are closely connected ; the De Sophistids Elenchis is an appendix to the Topica and its final section forms an epilogue to both treatises ; indeed Aristotle himself seems sometimes to regard the two as forming a single work, since he twice quotes the De Sophistids Elenchis under the title of the Topica. It is generally admitted that what we call logic and Aristotle himself calls analytic was an early pre- occupation of the philosopher and a direct outcome of discussions on scientific method held in the Platonic Academy. -
How Should We Understand Pity in Aristotle?
How should we understand pity in Aristotle? A research bachelor thesis (15 EC) on interpretations of Aristotle and their implications on ethics Laura van Pelt Student number 4151399 Supervisor 1: dr. M.S.A. van Houte Supervisor 2: dr. J.P.M. Philips University of Utrecht, January 2016 Word count: 12580 Table of contents Introduction 3 Chapter 1: What does Aristotle write on pity? 4 Section 1: Pity in the Rhetoric 4 Section 2: Pity in the Poetics 5 Section 3: Pity in the Nicomachean Ethics 7 Section 4: Aristotle on pity in On the Soul 7 Chapter 2: What do Konstan and Nussbaum say about Aristotle? 8 Section 1: Interpretations of the character of fear in pity in Aristotle 8 Section 2: The source of pain 10 Section 3: The relation between pity for others and fear for ourselves 11 Section 4: The relationship between pitier and pitied 12 Section 5: The influence of methodological factors in Konstan’s interpretation 13 Section 6: Why is orexis - or desire - not in the definition? 14 Chapter 3: Interpretations of the cause of prosocial action in Aristotle 16 Section 1: What causes prosocial action in Aristotle according to Konstan? 16 Section 2: The argument on philanthrôpon 17 Section 3: Pity as distinct from sympathy 18 Chapter 4: On accepting or rejecting Konstan’s solution 20 Section 1: The distinction between reason and passion in Aristotle 20 Section 2: Konstan’s argument for accepting rational desire 21 Section 3: Aristotle’s ethics and causes for action 22 Section 4: Can we accept prosocial action as caused by rational desire only? 25 Conclusion 26 References 27 2 Introduction When we try to live together in harmony, it matters how we react and respond to one another. -
Variants of Rhetorical Ventriloquism
DS Mayfield Variants of Rhetorical Ventriloquism sermocinatio, ethopoeia, prosopopoeia (and Affine Terms) in the Rhetorica ad Herennium, Cicero, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Quintilian, Augustine – Including Tentative Remarks on the Oratorico- Dramatic Concepts of ethos and persona, as well as Their Potential with Respect to Authorial Selfcraft in Shakespeare and Cervantes Online Supplement to History and Drama, 978-3-11-060426-9 Edited by Joachim Küpper, Jan Mosch and Elena Penskaya IN MEMORIAM FRIEDRICH WILHELM SCHUSTER *16.04.1924 †24.06.2004 FRIEDLINDE KÄTHE LISETTE SCHUSTER *29.11.1924 †27.11.2016 IN GRATITUDE FOR THEIR COUNSEL AND ENDURING GUIDANCE BY WAY OF THE EXAMPLE THEIR LIVES SET . Note This is the extended rendering of an essay that has appeared in the volume History and Drama , edited by Joachim Küpper, Jan Mosch, and Elena Penskaya (Berlin: de Gruyter), which features condensed versions of chapters 1 and 5. IV Acknowledgements Acknowledgements The preliminary research conducing to the study at hand was performed while receiving funding from the European Research Council (ERC) as a member of the DramaNet project at Freie Universität Berlin, headed by Professor Joachim Küpper. In addition to affine material written in addition (specifically parts 1, 2, 6, and subchapter 4.1), it integrates the revised and augmented versions of two thematically interrelated papers given in October 2016. An initial version of chapter 3.3, the opening of part 4, and subchapter 4.2 was presented at the Humboldt Forum “‘World Literatures – Masterpieces: Shakespeare and Cervantes 2016’” (held in Bonn, October 12–16, 2016), which was attended as a guest at the suggestion of Professor Küpper, and the invitation of the scholarly committee, consisting of Professors Claudia Olk, Martina Wagner-Egelhaaf, David E.