Repression and Criminalization of the Ecologist Movement in the Basque Country: the Case of the High Speed Train Project
Oñati Socio-Legal Series, v. 4, n. 1 (2014) – Whose Natural Resources? Criminalization of Social Protest in a Globalizing World ISSN: 2079-5971 Repression and Criminalization of the Ecologist Movement in the Basque Country: the Case of the High Speed Train Project ∗ CARLOS ALONSO CIDAD ∗ IÑAKI BARCENA HINOJAL ∗ IZARO GOROSTIDI BIDAURRAZAGA Alonso Cidad, C., Barcena Hinojal, I., Gorostidi Bidaurrazaga, I., 2014. Repression and Criminalization of the Ecologist Movement in the Basque Country: the Case of the High Speed Train Project. Oñati Socio-Legal Series [online], 4 (1), 13-34. Available from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2368880 Abstract This article offers an analysis of the process of criminalization, which, in the authors’ opinion, the Basque Ecologist Movement (BEM) has suffered in its fight against the High Speed Train (HST). The text is structured in five sections. The initial section highlights the main characteristics of the BEM from its origins to the present, indicating the importance in its development of the Basque national question and political violence on one side, and a combined discourse that is at once local and global on the other. The second section provides data referring to the HST project, indicating its political and socio-economic impacts, while the third section is dedicated to clarifying the main identity features and lines of action of the anti-HST movement. The fourth section shows both the repertory of collective action of the opponents of the HST and the policies of repression and criminalization exercised against them. The fifth and final section is situated in today’s new political cycle, which follows the end of ETA’s armed activity and sets out possible future scenarios.
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