A Tour Through the Vineyards of Italy the Etruscan Legacy Video
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A Tour Through the Vineyards of Italy Presented by BANFI VINTNERS The Etruscan Legacy Video 1 Italy • ITALIAN WINE FACTS •Wine has been produced in Italy for over 4000 years •Ancient Greeks dubbed it “Enotria” - land of wine •Romans propagated the cult of Bacchus - establishing a flourishing wine trade thousands of years ago •Largest producer of wine in the world •Today over 4000 different wines are produced in Italy’s 20 regions •Hundreds of different grape varieties BANFI VINTNERS HOW ITALIAN WINES ARE NAMED •Grape Variety •Lambrusco, Sangiovese, Trebbiano, etc. •Area/Zone of Production •Barolo, Chianti, Gavi, Valpolicella, etc. •Grape Variety and Area/Zone •Brunello di Montalcino, Vernaccia di San Gimignano, Brachetto d’Acqui, etc. •Fantasy /Proprietary names Excelsus, Sassicaia, Summus, Tignanello, etc. BANFI VINTNERS ITALIAN WINE LAWS •Denomination of Origin Laws •Created in 1963 •Patterned after the Appellation Controllee of France •Updated in 1992, 1996, etc. •85% rule •Four categories emerged: •DOCG •First DOCG awarded to Brunello and then Barolo in 1980 •DOC •First DOC awarded to Vernaccia di San Gimignano in 1966 •IGT •VDT BANFI VINTNERS 2 VINO da TAVOLA Table Wine • Simplest wines • Can be blended from many areas (not allowed in IGT, DOC, DOCG) • May not be labelled with area/zone/region of production or carry a vintage date or variety name - may only list red, white, rose on label. • Few government controls BANFI VINTNERS IGT Indication of Typical Geographic Origin Over 120 wines from 18 regions - no IGT’s in Piedmont and Valle d'Aosta • Appellation was instituted in 1992 • Par with French Vin du Pay and German Landwein • Wine must be from a specific area/zone/region (usually less delimited than DOCG/DOC) and must be so labelled • Label may cite variety (however, no more than two varieties may be listed) and vintage • Maximum yields (higher than DOC) are controlled • Wines are required to meet certain production standards • Some examples - Toscana (not every region has a general IGT), Maremma Toscana, Delle Venezie (inter-region Veneto/Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Trentino-Alto Adige), BANFI VINTNERS DOC Denomination of Controlled Origin 300 + wines from all 20 regions • Wines are born in a limited area of production and are registered by the government (vineyards as well) • Only approved methods of planting, cultivating and fertilizing can be used • Maximum yields (higher than DOCG) are controlled as are bottling specifications and ageing • Labels must state their zone of origin, may cite variety and vintage • Wines are required to meet certain production standards • Some examples - Barbera d’Alba, Alcamo, Salice Salentino, Lambrusco Reggiano BANFI VINTNERS 3 DOCG Denomination of Controlled and Guaranteed Origin 24 Wines - only 9 regions • Most Restrictive Category • Piedmont - Barolo, Barbaresco, • Further guarantee of authenticity Gattinara, Moscato d’Asti/Asti, • Lowest yields Brachetto d’Acqui, Gavi and Ghemme • Embraces all DOC rules • Lombardy - Franciacorta and • Wine is subject to analysis at any Valtellina Superiore (Sassella, time Grumello, Inferno and Valgella) • Special, numbered Government • Emilia Romagna - Albana di seal must be affixed to neck of each Romagna bottle. • Umbria - Torgiano Rosso Riserva • Tuscany - Brunello di Montalcino and Sagrantino di Montefalco (first), Chianti, Chianti Classico, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, • Campania - Taurasi Carmignano Rosso and Vernaccia • Sardinia - Vermentino di Gallura di San Gimignano • Veneto - Recioto di Soave, • Friuli Venezie Giulia - Bardolino Superiore/Classico Ramandolo Superiore, Soave Superiore BANFI VINTNERS Some Italian Wine Terms • ABBAZIA - abbey • CANTINE SOCIALE or CANTINE • ABBOCCATO - lightly sweet COOPERTIVA - wineries owned by group of • ALBERELLO - refers to a free standing or members staked vine that looks like a bush • CASA VINICOLA - privately owned winery • AMABILE - semi- sweet, off-dry • CASTELLO - castle • AMARO - bitter • CERASUOLO - light red (cherry colored) • AMARONE - means “bitter” as in Amarone della • CHIARETTO - pale red (rose') Valpolicella to differentiate from the sweet dessert • CLASSICO - historic or "classic" growing area • recioto wines of a specific zone • ANNATA - vintage year • COLLE - hill COLLI - hills • ASSAGIO - tasting • CONSORZIO - group of producers of a specific wine • AZIENDA Agricola - farm, estate • BARRIQUE - small barrel • CORDONE - classic system of training vines onto wires - also known as spalliera • BIANCO - white • D.O. - Denomination of Origin Laws passed by • BOTTIGLIA - bottle the Italian Government on 12 July 1963 • BOTTE - large cask or barrel • D.O.C. - Denomination of Controlled Origin • BRICCO - Piemontese term for crest of a hill • D.O.C.G. - Denomination of Controlled and • BRUT - dry (sparkling wine) Guaranteed Origin • CANTINA - winery or wine cellar • DOLCE - sweet • CANTINE SOCIALE - wine cooperative • ENOTECA - wine library, public or commercial • CAPITOLARE - title of merit in Tuscany for • ETICHETTA - label wines which are produced by members of the • FATTORIA - farm or estate private "capitolare" formerly "predicato" group - this use and group were to be disbanded in 1997. • FERMENTAZIONE - fermentation BANFI VINTNERS Italian Wine Terms continued • FERMENTAZIONE NATURALE - natural • RISERVA - wine which has been aged a longer, CO2 in bubbly wine specified time than non-Riserva counterpart. • FIASCO - flask Applies to DOC and DOCG • FRIZZANTE - lightly sparkling • ROSATO - rose’ • I.G.T - Typical Geographic Origin Indication • RONCO - Friuli term for terraced vineyard • IMBOTTIGLIATA - bottled (all'origine - at the • ROSSO - red wine source) • SECCO - dry • INVECCHIATO - aged • SORI - Piemontese word for the part of a slope • LIQUOROSO - sweet wine usually fortified best exposed to the midday sun with alcohol • SPUMANTE - sparkling wine, dry or sweet • METODO CHARMAT - sparkling wine • SUPERIORE - in DOC wines this indicates a produced by cuvee close or sealed tank higher level of alcohol or ageing and sometimes • METODO CLASSICO or TRADIZIONALE - a special geographic origin Sparkling wine fermented in the bottle • TENDONE - system of high trellising the vines (Champagne method) • TENUTA - farm or estate • MOSTO - must or grape juice • UVA - grape • ORO - gold • VECCHIO - old (rarely used term) • PASSITO - wine made from semi-dried grapes • VENDEMMIA - harvest or vintage • PERLANTE – pearl-like or with a light sparkle • VIGNA or VIGNETO - Vineyard • PERGOLA - vine training using pole arms or • VDT - VINO DA TAVOLA - table wine arbours VIVACE - synonym for frizzante • RECIOTO - full tasting, sweet wine made from partly dried grapes. BANFI VINTNERS 4 Important White Grapes Albana Inzolia Tocai Friulano Arneis Malvasia Torbato Catarratto Bianco Moscato/Moscadello Trebbiano Chardonnay Muller Thurgau Verdeca Coda di Volpe Nasco Verdello Cortese Nuragus Verduzzo Damaschino Picolit Vermentino Drupeggio Pagadebit (Bombino) Vernaccia di Erbaluce Pigato Oristano Falanghina Pinot Bianco Vernaccia di Favorita Pinot Grigio San Fiano Procanico Gimignano Garganega Prosecco Zibibbo Gewürztraminer Ribolla Gialla (Moscato) Grecanico Riesling Italico Grechetto Riesling Renano Greco Sauvignon Grillo Sylvaner BANFI VINTNERS Important Red grapes Aglianico Gamay Nero d’Avola Aleatico Grignolino Perricone Barbera Lagrein Piedirosso Bonarda Lambrusco Pignolo Brachetto Lancellotta Pinot Nero Cabernet Malbec Primitivo Sauvignon Malvasia Nera Refosco Cabernet Franc Mammolo Rondinella Canaiolo Marzemino Rossese Cannonau Merlot Ruche’ Cesanese Molinara Sagrantino Corvina Montepulciano Sangiovese Croatina Moscato Nero Schioppettino - Dolcetto Nebbiolo (Ribolla Nera) Freisa Negrara Teroldego Gaglioppo Negro Amaro Vernaccia di Nerello Serrapetrona BANFI VINTNERS TUSCANY 5 Tuscany or Toscana • Tuscany takes its name from the • Important grapes Etruscans – White - Vernaccia, Malvasia, • Soils were formed millions of years Trebbiano, Chardonnay, Pinot ago leaving rich marine sediments Grigio, Riesling, Moscadello, Sauvignon, Vermentino, Grechetto • Ideal climate – Red - Sangiovese, Canaiolo, • Sharecropping or mezzadria system Mammolo, Colorino, Syrah, was in use through the 60’s. Cabernet, Gamay, Malvasia Nera, • Chianti most famous of Tuscan Montepulciano, Pinot Nero wines • Important wines • Brunello the greatest – White - Vernaccia di San Gimignano, Moscadello di • Super Tuscans a category (with no Montalcino, Galestro official status) created in the 80’s – Red - Brunello, Chianti, Vino and 90’s - includes both reds and Nobile, Carmignano, Morellino di whites Scansano, Bolgheri Sassicaia, • DOCG’s – Brunello, Chianti, Rosso di Montalcino Chianti Classico, Vino Nobile, – Whites and reds - Bolgheri, Elba, Carmignano Rosso, Vernaccia di Parrina, Pomino, Sant’Antimo San Gimignano BANFI VINTNERS 6 7 8 PIEDMONT 9 Piedmont or Piemonte • Means “At the foot of the • Important grapes Mountain” – White - Arneis, Cortese (Gavi), Erbaluce, Favorita, Moscato (Asti) • Esteemed for great reds made from – Red - Barbera, Bonarda, Brachetto, the Nebbiolo grape (also called Dolcetto Spanna) Freisa, Grignolino, Nebbiolo or • Barbera is most widely planted red Spanna in the Novara hills • Moscato is the most widely planted (Barolo, Barbaresco, Gattinara, Ghemme), Ruche’ white Important wines • Seven DOCG’s - Barolo, – White - Arneis Roero, Erbaluce di Barbaresco, Gattinara, Ghemme, Caluso, Gavi Moscato d’Asti/Asti – Red - Barbera d’Alba/Asti, Barolo, Gavi, Brachetto d’Acqui Barbaresco, Brachetto d’Acqui, Dolcetto d’Alba/Asti/Acqui,