Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, EIA Report

9 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

9.1 Introduction

9.1.1 This section of the report presents the Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment (LVIA) of the proposed Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin. Figure 9.1 shows the preliminary layout of Trunk Road T4 within the context of the Sha Tin valley. The report outlines the landscape baseline conditions, planning and development control framework, and the visually sensitive receivers (VSRs), and identifies the landscape and visual impacts which will occur during the construction and operation phases of the proposed development. The report then goes on to recommend mitigation measures and identifies residual impacts apparent after mitigation. The assessment also outlines any cumulative impacts that will be attributed to the proposed scheme.

9.1.2 The Landscape and Visual Impacts are considered as follows: • Landscape impact assessment shall assess the source and magnitude of developmental effects on the existing landscape elements, character and quality within the context of the site and its environs; and, • Visual impact assessment shall assess the source and magnitude of effects caused by the proposed development on the existing views, visual amenity, character perceived by the visually sensitive receivers within the context of the site and its environs.

9.2 Legislation and Guidelines

9.2.1 The Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (EIAO) was introduced in 1997 and came into effect in April 1998. The methodology for undertaking the landscape and visual impact assessment is in general accordance with the assessment criteria and guidelines in Annexes 10 and 18 of the Technical Memorandum on Environmental Impact Assessment Process (EIA-TM). The list of legislation, standards and guidelines applicable to this assessment is as follows: • Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance (Cap. 499.S.16) and the Technical Memorandum on EIA Process (EIA-TM), particularly Annexes 10 and 18 • Planning Standards and Guidelines (HKPSG) • Sha Tin Outline Zoning Plan (No. S/ST/20) dated 18 June 2004 • WBTC No. 25/92 – Allocation of Urban Street Trees • WBTC No. 25/93 – Control of Visual Impact of Slopes • WBTC No. 19/98 – Advisory Committee on the Appearance of Bridges and Associated Structures • WBTC No. 17/2000 – Improvement of the Appearance of Slopes • WBTC No. 14/2002 – Management and Maintenance of Natural Vegetation and Landscape Works, and Tree Preservation • GEO Publication No. 1/2000 – Technical Guidelines on Landscape Treatment and Bio- engineering for Manmade Slopes and Retaining Walls • ETWB TCW No.2/2004 - Maintenance of Vegetation and Hard Landscape Features • HyDTC 6/98 on Visibility of Directional Signs • EIAO Guidance Note No. 8/2002 – Preparation of Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

9.3 Landscape Impact Assessment Methodology

9.3.1 The assessment of the potential impacts of a proposed development on the existing landscape involves the following procedures: • Definition of Study Area; • Baseline survey including landscape resources and landscape character; • Assessment of level of sensitivity to change of the landscape resources; • Identification of magnitude of change associated with the construction and operation of the proposed development (quantification included where appropriate); • Assessment of potential landscape impacts; • Identification of the significance thresholds of landscape impact.

9.3.2 The Study Area for the landscape assessment is defined as the area within 500m of the project boundary. The baseline survey of the existing landscape resources and character is carried out using a combination of site inspection and desktop survey. A detailed tree survey will be undertaken (refer to Appendix M). The landscape elements considered include: • Local topography • Woodland extent and type • Other vegetation types • Built form • Patterns of settlement • Land use (including confirmed or planned developments) • Scenic spots • Details of local materials, styles, streetscapes, etc. • Prominent watercourses • Cultural or religious significance • Heritage value

9.3.2.1 The baseline survey sets out the landscape context of the site by describing the landscape resources and the associated landscape character. Landscape character is derived from the pattern or combination of landscape resources. The Study Area is subdivided into broadly homogenous units of similar character for the purposes of assessment.

9.3.3 The impact is derived from the degree or magnitude of change which the proposed development will cause to the existing landscape context (resources and character) and its ability to tolerate that change, i.e. its sensitivity. The sensitivity of the landscape resources within the Study Area is based on baseline survey information and protective designations, in the absence of a territory wide landscape assessment. Degree of sensitivity is classified in accordance with the following: • High: a landscape resources or character type that is rare, protected or considered to be of high value within the local area, or in Hong Kong, based on existing legislation and baseline survey; • Moderate: a landscape resources or character type that is of moderate importance locally based on the baseline survey; • Low: a landscape resources or character type that is considered to be of low value due to widespread occurrence, ease of replacement or eroded state for example, based on the baseline study.

9.3.4 The magnitude of change for landscape resources or character is similarly graded, as follows; • High: high quantitative loss or addition of a landscape resources or notable permanent change to a character area; • Moderate: moderate quantitative loss or addition to a landscape resources or partial erosion/reinforcement of landscape character resulting in a moderate change;

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

• Low: minor quantitative loss or addition to a landscape resources or slight alteration to landscape character that may be temporary; • Negligible: effect on landscape resources or character is barely noticeable or of very limited duration.

9.3.5 The degree of impact is derived from the following matrix. The majority of impacts are defined as either adverse or beneficial. In some instances an identified impact may be neither adverse nor beneficial and is described as negligible. Where no impact is predicted, the magnitude of change stated as no change.

Table 9.1 Significance Threshold for Landscape Impacts

High Moderate Impact Moderate / Significant Significant Impact Impact Moderate Slight / Moderate Moderate Impact Moderate / Impact Significant Impact Low Slight Impact Slight / Moderate Moderate Impact Impact Proposals No change/ Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible Low Medium High Magnitude of ChangeCaused by Sensitivity / Quality of Landscape

9.3.6 The identification and assessment of the potential landscape impacts is a product of the sensitivity of the landscape or landscape resource, and the magnitude of change arising from the proposed development. The assessment will be undertaken during the construction phase, the opening year and the design year. The above matrix will apply in the assessment of the majority of situations, however, in certain cases a deviation from this may occur, e.g. the impact may be so major that a significant impact may occur to landscape resources or character rated as low sensitivity.

9.3.7 The degree of impact is considered as follows:

Table 9.2 Definition of significance of Landscape Impact Adverse / Beneficial Impacts Significant: Moderate: Slight: Negligible: adverse/beneficial adverse/beneficial adverse/beneficial change is impact where the impact where the impact where the noticeable but proposal would cause proposal would cause proposal would cause deemed to be significant a noticeable a barely perceptible neither adverse deterioration or deterioration or deterioration or nor beneficial. improvement in improvement in improvement in the existing landscape existing landscape existing landscape quality quality quality

9.4 Tree Survey Methodology

9.4.1 To minimize conflicts with existing vegetation a full tree survey in accordance with WBTC 24/94

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

has been undertaken for the whole development site. This will facilitate the fine-tuning of the proposed detail design for the landscape and ensure that any significant trees, will where possible, be protected during both the design and construction periods. Trees within the site boundary will be surveyed individually as the existing site conditions allow.

9.5 Visual Impact Assessment Methodology

9.5.1 The assessment of the potential visual impact of the scheme comprises two distinct parts: • Baseline survey to describe existing visual context − Identification of visual envelope − Identification of visually sensitive receivers (VSRs)

• Visual impact assessment based on relative sensitivity of receiver and magnitude of change predicted as a result of the proposal.

9.5.2 The baseline survey of all views towards the proposals is undertaken by identifying: • The visual envelope (or visual zone): area representing the extent of the potential visibility of a site or development; and, • The VSRs within the visual envelope, whose views will be affected by the scheme.

9.5.3 Typical viewpoints from within each of the VSRs are identified and their views described. Both present and future VSRs (as identified in planning and development review) will be considered.

9.5.4 The sensitivity of the VSRs is influenced by location (sensitivity tends to decrease with distance from the proposed scheme), direction and nature of the view relative to the scheme (an open view will be more sensitive to change than a partial or glimpsed view), and VSR type. The number of individual receivers represented by a VSR will also affect its sensitivity. VSR type is classified as follows:

(a) Residential – residents are considered to have high sensitivity due to the high potential of intrusion on their visual amenity and the high value placed on views from homes;

(b) Workplace – views from the workplace are considered less sensitive than residential views and the long duration of viewing;

(c) Public Areas – including all areas with the exception of those described above e.g., public parks, recreation grounds, footpaths, roads, cultural sites, etc. Sensitivity of this group depends on the location and in part on the transient nature of the receiver, for example the view from a scenic spot in a Country Park is likely to be more sensitive than that from a vehicle travelling at speed on a highway.

9.5.5 The magnitude of change to a view is related to the following: • proportion of view affected by the proposed development; • elements/extent of proposed development that would be visible; • proximity of VSR to site and orientation of view; • ability of view to accommodate change (related to compatibility of the proposal in relation to visual context); • availability and amenity of alternative views.

9.5.6 The identification and assessment of the potential visual impacts is a product of the sensitivity of the VSR and the magnitude of change to the existing view or visual amenity that will result from the proposed development. The degree of visual impact is rated in a similar fashion to landscape

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

impact, i.e. substantial, moderate, slight and negligible. The impacts may be beneficial, adverse or negligible (i.e. noticeable change but not considered to be substantially beneficial or adverse). The assessment will be undertaken during the construction phase, the opening year and the design year. The degree of impact is derived from the following matrix:

Table 9.3 Significance Threshold for Visual Impacts

Moderate / High Moderate Impact Significant Impact Significant Impact Slight / Moderate Moderate / Significant Moderate Moderate Impact Impact Impact Slight / Moderate Low Slight Impact Moderate Impact Impact

Proposals No change / Negligible Negligible Negligible Negligible

Low Medium High Magnitude of ChangeCaused by Sensitivity of Views/ Quality of Visually Sensitive Receivers

9.5.7 The matrix above will apply in the assessment of majority of the situations, however, in certain cases a deviation from this may occur, for example, the magnitude of change to a low sensitivity VSR may be so major that it is assessed to represent a significant impact. The degree of impact is considered as follows:

Table 9.4 Definition of Significance of Identified Visual Impact Adverse / Beneficial Impacts Significant: Moderate: Slight: Negligible: adverse/beneficial adverse/beneficial adverse/beneficial change is noticeable impact where the impact where the impact where the but deemed to be proposal would cause proposal would cause proposal would cause neither adverse nor significant a noticeable a barely perceptible beneficial. deterioration or deterioration or deterioration or improvement in improvement in improvement in the existing views existing views existing views.

9.6 Mitigation Measures

9.6.1 The identification of the landscape and visual impacts will highlight those sources of conflict requiring design solutions or modifications to reduce the impacts and if possible, blend the development and associated activities in with the surrounding landscape. These mitigation measures take into account factors including: • woodland, tree and shrub planting of new or disturbed slopes, amenity strips and areas, central reservations and adjacent to any new structures; • consideration of the contouring of new slopes in order to blend them in with the existing topography; • earth mounding and screening, structural or vegetated; • highlighting unacceptable impacts and considering alternative scheme proposals.

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

• treatment of structural forms; • hard landscape, furniture and other landscape; and • significant landscape elements.

9.6.2 This will result in the formation of landscape mitigation proposals that will alleviate the previously identified landscape and visual impacts as far as possible.

9.7 Residual Impacts

9.7.1 The Residual Impacts are those, which remain after the proposed mitigation measures have been implemented. In the case of planting, it may be 10-15 years post construction when the soft landscape mitigation measures reach a level of maturity, which allows them to perform the intended design objectives. The residual impact in this instance will reduce over time as the vegetation becomes established and mature.

9.7.2 The criteria and matrices used to determine the degree of impact are included in the methodology section. Both landscape and visual impacts are products of magnitude of change and the relative sensitivity of the receiver. Ultimately, the acceptability of the scheme is dependent upon the significance of the residual impacts, as follows:

Table 9.5 Significance of Residual Impacts Beneficial Acceptable Acceptable with Unacceptable Undetermined mitigation The project is There will be no There will be The adverse Significant in accordance significant noticeable impacts are adverse impacts with the adverse impacts adverse impacts considered are likely but the relevant on the landscape on landscape excessive and extent to which planning and /or visual and/or visual will not be they may occur or objectives, amenity: no amenity , but reduced to an may be mitigated will interference these can be acceptable level cannot be complement with key views, eliminated, by landscape determined from the landscape no significant reduced or offset mitigation. the information and visual loss of to a large extent available to the character of its landscape by landscape study. Further setting, and features or mitigation detailed study will will improve changes in measures. be required for overall landscape the specific amenity. character. effects in question.

9.8 Review of Planning and Development Control Framework

Existing Planning Context and Impacts

9.8.1 The proposed Trunk Road T4 has been planned within limited landtake and where possible is contained within the existing major transport corridor. A review of the planning studies and documents was undertaken to gain an insight into the planned role of the site with its context and to assess whether the project fits into the wider landscape and land use context.

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

Table 9.6 Review of Existing Planning and Development Control Framework (Information extracted from Outline Zoning Plan numbers S/ST/20 – Sha Tin Outline Zoning Plan)

Planning Designation/ Location Comments 1. Village Type Development The planning intention of this area is to demarcate both (Tsok Pok Hang San Tsuen) the existing villages and areas suitable for village expansion. This area of landtake will allow the widening of the existing carriageway and the introduction of more comprehensive mitigation measures.

2. Residential (Group A) The planning intention of this zone is to provide high () density housing. The proposed widening of the existing carriageway will not affect the viability of this planning designation.

3. Residential (Group A) The planning intention of this zone is to provide high (Sha Kok Estate, Jat Min density housing. The proposed widening the existing Chuen) carriageway will not affect the viability of this planning designation.

4. Village Type Development The planning intention of this area is to demarcate both (Shan Ha Wai) the existing villages and areas suitable for village expansion. The proposed introduction of piers and columns associated with fill slopes would not affect the viability of this planning designation.

5. Open Space The planning intention of this zone is to designate existing ( Recreation and proposed open spaces so as to provide active and Ground) passive recreational opportunities to serve the local population. The proposed scheme will be constructed within existing landtake and so no impact will occur to the existing designated planning use.

6. Open Space The planning intention of this zone is to designate existing (Ecclesia Bible College) and proposed open spaces so as to provide active and passive recreational opportunities to serve the local population. The area lost is immediately adjacent to the existing highway and most of it is south of the existing ridgeline which has little impact on the landscape integrity of the designated area.

7. Open Space The planning intention of this zone is to designate existing ( New Village) and proposed open spaces so as to provide active and passive recreational opportunities to serve the local population. The proposed scheme will be constructed within existing landtake and so no impact will occur to the existing designated planning use.

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

Planning Designation/ Location Comments 8. Village Type Development The planning intention of this area is to demarcate both (Sha Tin Tau) the existing villages and areas suitable for village expansion. The construction of the proposed scheme will involve loss of part of the existing village area adjacent to the scheme with some loss of residential property however these losses will also facilitate the introduction of the elevated structures.

9. Government/ Institution/ The planning intention of this area is to provide sites for Community Government, institutional or community facilities serving (Stewards High Rock Christian the needs of the local as well as district population. The Centre and Campsite at north area lost is immediately adjacent to the existing highway of Sha Tin Tau) and most of it is at the downhill corner having little impact on the landscape integrity of the designated area.

10. Residential (Group A) The planning intention of this area is to provide high (Sun Tin Wai Estate, Fung density housing. The proposed elevated structures will Shing Court) not affect the viability of this planning designation.

11. Comprehensive Development This zoning is intended for development or redevelopment Area of the site in a comprehensive manner. The proposed (Planned Che Kung Temple scheme will be constructed within existing landtake and so Station Development) no impact will occur to the existing designated planning use.

12. Government/ Institution/ The planning intention of this area is to provide sites for Community Government, institutional or community facilities serving (open space at west of Che the needs of the local as well as district population. The Kung Temple Station) proposed scheme will be constructed within existing landtake and so no impact will occur to the existing designated planning use.

13. Open Space The planning intention of this zone is to designate existing (Sha Tin Town Park and the and proposed open spaces so as to provide active and associated footpath/ cycle passive recreational opportunities to serve the local track) population. The existing topography of this area being undulating and the extent of existing earthworks will greatly reduce any potential adverse impacts both from views within this area and from the south.

14. Commercial/ Residential The planning intention of this zone is to cater for the need (Hilton Plaza, New Town of residential and commercial activities. The proposed Plaza) elevated structures will not affect the viability of this planning designation.

15. Government/Institution/ The planning intention of this area is to provide sites for Community Government, institutional or community facilities serving (Hong Kong Heritage the needs of the local as well as district population. The Museum, institutions along construction of the proposed scheme will involve the loss Man Lai Road) of part of the existing parking areas and amenity plantings. However these losses would also facilitate the introduction of effective noise barriers.

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

Planning Designation/ Location Comments 16. Residential (Group A) The planning intention of this zone is to provide high (Man Lai Court) density housing. The proposed widening of the existing carriageway would not affect the viability of this planning designation.

17. Industrial The planning intention of this area is to provide an (Industrial buildings along opportunity for existing industrial uses, many of which are Shing Wan Road) carried out in temporary structures to operate efficiently by improving and expanding as necessary in the designated area. The proposed construction of the highway widening would not affect the viability of this planning designation.

18. Residential (Group A) The planning intention of this zone is to provide high (area around i.e. density housing. The proposed introduction of elevated Grandway Garden) structures will not affect the viability of this planning designation.

19. Village Type Development The planning intention of this area is to demarcate both (Tai Wai) the existing villages and areas suitable for village expansion. The proposed introduction of elevated structures will not affect the viability of this planning designation.

20. Village Type Development The planning intention of this area is to demarcate both (Lai Chi Yuen) the existing villages and areas suitable for village expansion. The proposed introduction of elevated structures will not affect the viability of this planning designation.

21. Residential (Group B) The planning intention of this zone is to provide low (Tung Lo Wan) density housing. The construction of the proposed scheme will involve loss of part of the existing village area adjacent to the scheme with some loss of residential property. However these losses will also facilitate the introduction of effective noise barriers.

22. Village Type Development The planning intention of this area is to demarcate both (Harmony Lodge) the existing villages and areas suitable for village expansion. The construction of the proposed scheme will involve loss of part of the existing village area adjacent to the scheme with some loss of residential property However these losses would also facilitate the introduction of effective noise barriers.

23. Open Space The planning intention of this zone is to designate existing (area at south of Tung Lo Wan and proposed open spaces so as to provide active and Chuen) passive recreational opportunities to serve the local population. The existing topography of this area being undulating and the extent of existing earthworks will greatly reduce any potential adverse impacts both from views within this area and from the south.

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

Planning Designation/ Location Comments 24. Residential (Group B) The planning intention of this zone is to provide low (area at south west of Tung Lo density housing. The proposed elevated structures will Wan Chuen) not affect the viability of this planning designation.

25. Other Specified Uses The planning intention of this zone is to cater for the use (KCRC Railway) of the KCR , with commercial development and bus terminus. The proposed scheme will be constructed within existing landtake and so no impact will occur to the existing designated planning use.

Summary

9.8.2 The proposed road scheme will result in little impact on the designated planned development. Most of the areas affected comprise the existing road corridor, although there will be losses to roadside planting and losses to green belt area beside the Shan Tin Tau cottage area, areas of woodland south of Shan Ha Wai, and areas at south of Tung Lo Wan Chuen, especially during the construction phase. The presence of the existing highway and the nature of elevated road scheme will leave the landscape framework of these areas largely intact and will generally result in a negligible level of impact.

9.8.3 Besides, small areas of Government/Institutional or Community planned use will also be affected i.e. amenity planting besides Hong Kong Heritage Museum, Stewards High Rock Christian Centre and Campsite at north of Sha Tin Tau. Most of the affected area is currently used for planting purpose and therefore, the cause of impact to these areas will be the loss of existing vegetation. These impacts could be mitigated to an extent through the careful consideration of compensatory planting, although some residual adverse impact would remain due to the close proximity of the proposed road scheme.

9.9 Existing Landscape Context and Landscape Impact

Existing Landscape Context

Landscape Character (please refer to Figures 9.3a-d for the LCU’s photos)

9.9.1 The baseline landscape character is mapped and illustrated as Landscape Character Units (LCU ) in Figure 9.2 and Table 9.8, and elaborated as below : • The landscape in which the Trunk Road will be situated has a dramatic landform with ridges rising above 204 mPD to the north and south of the site and the floor of flat valley (20 mPD). It is bounded to the south and east respectively by the busy and fast moving roads of Tai Chung Kiu Road, and Tunnel Road, which lead across the bridge over the River Channel. • The natural landform of the Study Area is heavily modified due to the previous developments of river channeling, residential and road developments and the construction of the existing trunk road. • The valley is contained by the steep slopes of To Fung Shan (Needle Hill) foothills (200 mPD) and (495 mPD). The steep hills provide a green backdrop to the urban area and are accessible via public footpaths and trails. The urban fabric is of mixed character, comprising of low and high-rise private and public residential buildings, institutional and industrial uses, with major retail facilities within Sha Tin Town Centre. At

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

low level, the landscape is composed of building set in areas of good tree cover. The Channel is an important landscape feature within the valley. Major transport routes including Tai Chung Kiu Road, Road and the KCRC railway line along the valley floor. • To the north of the site is the existing Shing Mun Tunnel Road and Tai Po Road – Sha Tin adjacent to the Shing Mun River Channel. Adjacent to road are a series of hillside low-rise building, institutional, industrial areas and a newly built museum. These buildings are set in a landscape of mature and semi-mature trees. • To the north east of the site is high-rise residential development, Hilton Plaza and Sha Tin , fronted at a low level by the mature landscape of . Across the busy Lion Rock Tunnel Road to the north of the site is an area of mature trees with cycle path and walkway. The Lion Rock Tunnel Road intersects the Shing Mun Channel at this point. • To the south across the wide Tai Chung Kiu Road and to the east of Lion Rock Tunnel Road are the , Sha Kok Estate and Pok Hong Estate with building heights of approximately 20 storeys. These estates are set in a mature landscape of trees. Adjacent to the south of these Estates is the well-known historical village Shan Ha Wai, densely covered with mature trees, upon which is the elevated . • To the south across Che Kung Miu Road and to the west of Lion Road Tunnel Road is mixed of low rise residential development i.e. Sha Tin Tau, San Tin Wai and high-rise residential estate i.e. and Sun Tin Wai Estate. Immediately east of the Sha Tin Tau is a backdrop of well vegetated roadside embankment. • The northern bank of the Shing Mun River Channel to the east of Lion Road Tunnel Road is characterized by the mature landscape of Sha Tin Central Park, which are backed with the high and medium rise buildings of Sha Tin Town Centre. • The southern bank of the Shing Mun River Channel to the west of Lion Rock Tunnel Bridge adjacent to the development site, is fronted by the footpath/cycleway, and a row of mature trees. These landscape resources make an important contribution to the landscape character of the Shing Mun Main Channel. • It is important to mention that there are two historical buildings to the south of Shing Mun River, namely Tsang Tai Uk and High Rock Christian Camp which are designated as Grade I historic building and Grade III historic building respectively by the Government.

Landscape Resources

9.9.2 The baseline landscape resources are mapped and illustrated in Figure 9.2a and Table 9.7, and elaborated as below :

9.9.3 During the construction Phase, works will be limited to works boundary adjacent to the existing road corridors. The proposed scheme will involve regarding of the existing road embankments and cut slopes, together with the construction of columns, viaduct and bridge. Many of the potential impacts will arise from the visual intrusion caused by the actual work activities e.g. change of landscape amenity, exposure of earthworks, superstructure and works traffic. Surroundings to the existing road corridor will also be disturbed due to the temporary works areas and contractors compounds.

9.9.4 For the realigned sections of the proposed scheme i.e. Sha Tin Road, loss of roadside vegetation will inevitably be resulted. Although the road corridor is of overall low quality and sensitivity, the loss of roadside planting will be a significant impact as it currently provides an important landscape and visual buffer between the road and adjacent areas. Besides, the proposed road scheme will also involve additional fill slopes along the lower slopes of Lion Rock Country Park. Nevertheless, as compared with the significant level of disturbance of the existing slopes, the impact of the proposal should be considered as moderate.

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

9.9.5 On the other hand, the introduction of elevated structures, particularly those in the Shing Mun River valley, will be another source of impact at the ground level arising from the disturbance caused during construction. The proposed elevation, in particular with the loss of existing roadside buffer planting, will become a prominent feature within the landscape during the opening year. However, during the design year, a combination of the proposed hard mitigation measures together with the proposed mature mitigation planting will do much to mitigate the adverse landscape and visual impacts. As area available for mitigation planting may be reduced, a slightly less effective visual integration of the proposed road modifications will consequently be resulted.

9.9.6 A major group of tree planting is located along the existing roadside embankments. A tree survey has been undertaken for the entire alignment. Approximately 620 numbers trees were identified along the road embankments within the Study Area. The species present are predominantly nurse species, i.e. Acacia confusa, Acacia mangium and Casuarina equisetifolia. There are also fewer numbers of the following: Bridelia tomentosa, Celtis sinensis, Ficus elastica, Ficus microcarpa, Lophostemon confertu, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Melaleuca leucadendron, Macaranga tanarius. The trees are generally semi-mature and have only an average amenity value.

Impact on Existing Trees Identified in the Tree Survey Report

Existing Vegetation

9.9.7 There are approximately 620 trees within the works boundary for the proposed scheme. Trees at the roadside embankment along Lion Rock Tunnel Road i.e. green belt area beside the Sha Tin Tau Cottage area and east of Stewards High Rock Christian Centre and Campsite are densely vegetated with a combination of woodland and scrub vegetation. Dominant species in this area is Acacia confusa which is common exotic species in slope areas. Other plantation species such as Bridelia tomentos, Microcos paniculata and Tristania conferta…etc are also found in this area. These trees serve as the green buffer for the existing road corridor from the surrounding landscape.

9.9.8 At the eastern part of the Hong Kong Historical Museum is currently used for amenity planting which separate the road corridor from the Museum building. Planting in this area is mainly ornamental planting and roadside planting such as Callistemon viminalis, Roystonea regia, Bischofia polycarpa, Melaleuca quinquenervia, and Peltophorum pterocarpum…etc. Most of these affected trees are in good conditions with medium size suitable for transplantation.

9.9.9 Another part of the affected areas are the foothills of To Fung Shan which are dominant by cottages and villages, i.e. Tung Lo Wan Village. Trees found are common mature village species in Hong Kong such as Syzygium jambos, Sterculia lanceolata and Ficus elastica...etc.

Tree Retention

9.9.10 Generally any trees on the fringes of the proposed cutting and for the trunk road embankment will be maintained where possible. The excavation of the areas of cutting will involve the removal of the existing plantation woodland. Where possible, the proposed earthwork slopes will be feathered at the edges to allow trees to be retained. However, where it is not possible to retain trees, it is recommended that these trees be felled or transplanted.

9.9.11 Approximately 407 numbers of trees surveyed within the proposed works boundary will be retained under the current proposals, these include roadside trees not affected by the proposed alignment.

Tree Transplantation Proposals

9.9.12 In terms of assessing the feasibility of transplanting the trees, the following factors were taken into

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

account: • Trees were to have above average form, health and amenity value. • Trees assessed as having a high or at least medium amenity value and predicted survival rate. • Trees should be native or rare species. • Ease of access – In some case transplantation will be difficult and dangerous due to the physical characteristics of the site and the inaccessibility of their situations. • The physical characteristics of the specimen trees – For example, the trees on steep slopes respond to the existing gradient with a higher proportion of roots on the downhill side and the root ball usually forms itself to the angle of slope. It is often difficult to find a similar location that is suitable for the transplantation of these trees. In addition, these trees often have an unbalanced crown that will make them unstable if transplanted to another location. • Transplantation back onto a slope is often not practicable due to the difficulty of gaining safe access due to a combination of the nature of the slopes, the gradients involved and the stability of the machinery used. • The survival rate of trees will be improved if a permanent location can be found immediately after being lifted as opposed to the use of a temporary holding nursery.

9.9.13 Considering the above factors the Tree Survey recommends that 87 numbers of the trees within these areas are suitable for transplantation.

Tree Felling Proposals

9.9.14 The Tree Survey Report concludes that it will not be feasible to retain or transplant approximately 126 numbers of the existing trees within the works boundary (20% of the total number) for the following reasons: • In some locations the scope of the proposed works and site formation precludes any opportunities to retain existing trees. • The slopes are too steep to enable machinery access to transplant them. • The necessary excavation and cutting into slopes, means it is technically unfeasible to retain the trees. • The tree if retained in a solitary position will become unstable and dangerous in windy condition. • Trees that are too large or mature to be transplanted successfully.

Summary of Findings

9.9.15 Table 9.7 below extracted from Tree Survey Report summarizes the tree retention, transplanting and felling proposals.

Table 9.7 Summary of the Tree Surveys (within the proposed works boundary)

No. of Surveyed No. of Trees Proposed No. of Trees Proposed No. of Trees Proposed Trees to be Retained to be Felled to be Transplanted 620 407 126 87

Landscape Impacts

9.9.16 During the construction phase, the works would include site clearance, excavation of the soil hill slopes, the superstructure works of the proposed columns and elevated structures, construction activity associated with the proposed trunk road. These activities would be confined to a controlled working area so as to minimize damage to the existing landscape resources. However, there would also be moderate impacts on the natural topography and loss of vegetation in

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

connection with construction of the elevated road. Associated with these impacts on landscape features, the landscape character would be affected. These impacts will be most severe during the construction phase when the exposed soil excavation will contrast markedly with the surrounding vegetated roadside plantings.

9.9.17 The operation phase of the trunk road would be less intrusive. The proposed landscape mitigation (see section 9.11) includes careful consideration of engineering structures, reprovision of disturbed amenity areas, together with a substantial amount of tree planting which would help to replace the characteristics of the existing landscape. Part of the road structures would be screened from the views by surrounding landform and retained vegetation, which would be strengthened with new planting.

Summary

9.9.18 In general, the site is comprised of mixed landscape character of the high-rise development, cottage areas, villages, industrial and institutional areas at the central river valley as well as the low-rise village/cottage areas at the north and south hill ridges. The primary source of landscape impact will be the loss of the existing roadside vegetation cover and modification to the local topography. Although the extent and nature of the proposed elevated road structures are limited, there are approximately 126 numbers of trees proposed to be felled and 87 numbers of trees proposed to be transplanted within the proposed works boundary.

9.9.19 Significant impact will be provoked by the visual intrusion of the road structures especially during the construction phase and the majority will be directly linked to the excavation required for the structural footings and insertion of elevated superstructure. The newly planted vegetation at the ‘opening year’ would be less intrusive in the landscape. The proposed planting would take a number of years to reach a stage where it would provide effective mitigation for the predicted impacts although the intermediate stages of growth would contribute some mitigation. However, there will be a slight level of residual impacts in terms of the impact on landscape character, it is perceived quality and its sensitivity to change.

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Civil Engineering and Development Department Trunk Road T4, Sha Tin EIA Report

Table 9.8 Existing Landscape Resources and Landscape Impacts Prior to Implementation of Mitigation Measures

Landscape Description Sensitivity (Approx. Magnitude of Change Significance Threshold Resources Quantity within the (before implementation of Study Boundary i.e. mitigation measures) 500m from proposed development) Construction Operation Phase Phase Tree Planting Amenity Tree Extensive amenity plantation were found generally along the amenity Medium Low – loss of approx. 35 nos. of amenity Moderate Moderate Planting strips of roads and on pavement in the Study Area comprising both (8.48 Ha) trees out of 213 nos. of trees along roadside adverse adverse Figure 9.2a native and exotic species. The exotic species have generally been within the proposed works boundary. planted along the roads and paths for ornamental purposes. The proposed works are confined to the Apart from the amenity woodlands, a few patches of major plantations existing highways reserve. This results in were identified in Shan Ha Wai – one in front of the houses and a only the trees within this corridor being thick strip along the roadsides of Lion Rock Tunnel Road, Hong Kong affected, i.e. approximately 35 generally Heritage Museum, Tai Chung Kiu Road and Sha Kok Street. young to semi-mature amenity trees. This is a high change locally but only moderate overall. Modified Throughout the Study Area are several groups of woodland, possibly Medium Moderate - regrading of approx 500m length Moderate Moderate Woodland originating from natural woodland but are now disturbed and (40.32 Ha) of existing roadside cut slope adverse adverse Figure 9.2a comprise a mix of woodland species but with many fruit trees. More Disturbance to modified woodland is sporadic and individual planting is also present along plot boundaries. confined to realigned section at Sha Tin Road and secondary woodlands besides Shan Ha Wai and Sha Tin Tau section. Natural Two Fung Shui woodlands were identified in with a few High Negligible Negligible Negligible Woodland mature trees having a girth of over 1m and up to a height of 20m. The (1.25 Ha) No areas of natural woodland will be Figure 9.2a understorey vegetation is also well developed. Common tree species affected. include Ficus microcarpa, Microcos paniculata, Celtis sinensis, Cinnamomum camphora, Ficus variegate, Schefflera octophylla and Delonix regia, while Sanaevieria trifasciata is generally found in the understorey. Shrubland A large patch of shrubland was identified on the green belt to the Medium Negligible Negligible Negligible Figure 9.2a north of Shing Mun Tunnel Road. The shrubland is dominated by (20.11 Ha) No areas of shrubland will be affected. Eurya japonica, Diospyros vacciniodes, Dianella ensifolia and Melastoma sanguineum of 2-3m high.

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Landscape Description Sensitivity (Approx. Magnitude of Change Significance Threshold Resources Quantity within the (before implementation of Study Boundary i.e. mitigation measures) 500m from proposed development) Construction Operation Phase Phase Abandoned A small patch of abandoned agricultural land was found in Sha Tin Low Very Low Slight adverse Slight adverse Tau, near Tsang Tai Uk. Agricultural Land (0.64 Ha)

Figure 9.2a The proposed works will require the insertion of columns on the abandoned agricultural land. Grassland and Patches of grassland or shrubby grassland are distributed in the Study Low Negligible Negligible Negligible Shrubby Area, and in particular, the upper hillslope behind Tsok Pok Hang San (15.00 Ha) No areas of grassland and shrubby grassland Grassland Tsuen. will be affected Figure 9.2a Topography Natural Hillside To the north of the site is the large hillside, part of the To Fung Shan. High Negligible Negligible Negligible Figure 9.2a The section of hillside within the study area has been heavily (27.25 Ha) No areas of natural topography will be disturbed. affected.

To the south of the site is part of the Lion Rock Hill Country Park. The section of hillside within the study area has also been heavily disturbed by human activities. However, large areas of natural hillside remain. These are of high sensitivity.

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Landscape Description Sensitivity (Approx. Magnitude of Change Significance Threshold Resources Quantity within the (before implementation of Study Boundary i.e. mitigation measures) 500m from proposed development) Construction Operation Phase Phase Disturbed The study area is split distinctly into two topographical areas, one of Low Very Low – regrading of approx 500m Slight adverse Slight adverse Hillside which is the partially disturbed hillside area to the south, i.e. downhill (41.74 Ha) length of existing roadside cut slope at the Figure 9.2a of Lion Rock Hill Country Park and north i.e. downhill of To Fung realigned section of the proposed work. Shan. The disturbed areas have resulted from the extensive earthworks To the realigned section at Sha Tin Road, the and human activities. Overall they are of a low sensitivity. proposed works will require the regrading of an already cut rock slope adjacent to the highway. As this is relatively small section disturbed and in the context that no natural areas of hillslope will be disturbed the impacts are very low. To the To Fung Shan downhill, the proposed works will require the insertion of column, which the impact on landscape resources will be slight. Disturbed Valley The valley areas dominate the study area to the west and east. Their Medium Medium – insertion of approx. 20m elevated Moderate Moderate Figure 9.2a overall topographical form, i.e. flat open expanses, has been retained, (1009.69 Ha, including road structures along the existing valley area adverse adverse although the valley floor has been disturbed such as from residential Shun Mun River) The works will modify the local, already areas. Local manmade topographical features have been introduced disturbed, topography along the existing such as residential buildings, Sha Tin Town Park and Lion Rock road embankment by insertion of elevated Tunnel Road. Overall sensitivity is medium. structures. This is a very minor change in the valley topography. Streams Modified The study area is dominated by the developed valley floor and Shing Medium Low Slight adverse Negligible Streamcourses Mun River is a 7 km long, 200m wide river channel running from Tai (13.75 Ha) Figure 9.2a Wai, through the Shatin Town Centre, to drain into . It has three main tributaries, namely , Nullah and Those streamcourses which cross the Nullah. existing YLH will be temporarily disturbed during works. However, as they are all already culverted / channelised at these locations the impacts will be low

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Table 9.9 Existing Landscape Context and Landscape Impacts during the Opening Year

It should be noted that the proposed noise barriers have been taken into account during the assessment and although these structures form an additional source of impact, they exacerbate the existing level of impact rather than forming the sole of visual impact. The following table shows the predicted impact for the proposed scheme during the construction phase when the proposed landscape mitigation proposals have not been implemented and during the opening year of the operational phase when the proposed landscape mitigation proposals have not reached maturity.

Landscape Character Unit LCU Quality/ Magnitude of Change Significance Threshold Sensitivity Construction Operation LCU1. Disturbed Hillside Medium Low Slight adverse Slight adverse (Yau Oi Tsuen/To Fung Shan) impact impact No direct impact to LCU. However, This well vegetated south facing hillside rises immediately to the north of the there will be a loss of roadside tree town. The hillside has been modified to accommodate low-rise housing and planting as buffer between the LCU road access. The human disturbance and man- made elements associated with and road. Indirect landscape the road on the lower slopes result in a degraded landscape with a disjointed impacts will occur but are restricted landscape character and a poor level of perceived landscape quality. to cottage areas adjacent to road and are limited. LCU2. Hill Slopes Medium Moderate Moderate Slight adverse (Lion Rock Country Park and Foothills) adverse impact There will be a loss of roadside tree impact These steeply sloping hillsides located on the northern side of Lion Rock planting due to disturbance of Country Park are characterized by low growing vegetation and exposed rock slopes in the northern downhill by outcrops. The vegetation consists of coarse grassland and low scrubland with introduction of fill materials scattered trees which hug the lower slopes and the deeply incised courses of streams. Such landform is a dominant feature with low level of disturbance within the local landscape which creates a strong sense of enclosure. The upper undisturbed natural hillside of the Country Park and Foothills retains a landscape character of high quality.

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Landscape Character Unit LCU Quality/ Magnitude of Change Significance Threshold Sensitivity Construction Operation LCU3. High-rise Residential Development Low Negligible Negligible Negligible (Jat Min Chuen/Pok Hong Estate) (Hilton Plaza/ New Town Plaza) No direct impact to LCU. However, (/May Shing Court/Mei Chung Court) there will be a loss of roadside tree (Chun Shek Estate/Sun Tin Wai Estate/ planting as buffer between the LCU Development - planned) and road.

High-rise residential developments are located at various locations along the entire study area, generally to the northern and southern side of Shing Mun River Channel. The dominant feature of tower structures arising from the open space along the Shing Mun River Channel creates a strong skyline against the undulating ridgeline of the Lion Rock Country Park at the back. The open spaces between buildings are largely decorated with ornamental planting within planters / tree pit in pavement. LCU4. Shing Mun River Channel and Edges Medium Low Slight adverse Slight adverse impact impact The river channel associated with the mature landscape of Sha Tin Central No direct impact to LCU. Park is a major feature of high landscape and visual amenity. Rows of mature However, indirect landscape impact avenue trees together with bicycle tracks and footpaths result in a high will occur due to disturbance of landscape quality along the Shing Mun River Channel. riverside landscape amenity LCU5. Village Medium Moderate Moderate Slight adverse (Shan Ha Wai – Tsang Tai Uk) adverse impact (Tung Lo Wan Village) Approx. 1.45 ha of secondary impact woodland adjacent to road corridor Shan Ha Wai Village is semi-enclosed by the natural hill at the back and with will be affected. Indirect landscape open grassland in the front. Open spaces among houses are scattered with impact will occur due to the individual trees and shrubs. The preserved historical village acts an important introduction of elevated structures. visual and historical element of the overall landscape character. However, The structure will be a major landscape quality of the area is to some extent degraded by its proximity to landscape element over the rural Sha Tin Road. The village has been given a Grade II status by the Antiquities village which reduces the visual Authority. Its architectural significance is very high, as many traditional quality of the village at the ground. features have been maintained. This should be noted particularly with respect to the decorative elements, such as the corbelling eaves, gables, roof ridges,

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Landscape Character Unit LCU Quality/ Magnitude of Change Significance Threshold Sensitivity Construction Operation painted frieze panels, woodwork and inscribed granite blocks.

Tung Lo Wan Village is characterized by a mix of low-rise village houses in an irregular open layout at the downhill of To Fung Shan fronted by existing elevated Shing Mun Tunnel Road. Mature trees are scattered at the open spaces among houses. The landscape quality of this area is to some extent diluted by its proximity to the road and the construction of the planned Trunk Road T3. LCU6. Road/Railway Corridor Low Moderate Moderate to Slight adverse slight adverse impact The road / railway corridor is a major strip of disturbance with a dual-2 lane Approx. loss of 213 nos. of roadside impact carriageway and extensive cut slopes and embankments i.e. Sha Tin Road, tree vegetation within the proposed Shing Mun Tunnel Road, a high viaduct crossing Tai Po Road and the KCRC works boundary. Another landscape railway. Both sides of the roads and railway are well-vegetated with mitigatory impact will be caused by loss of planting. roadside amenity areas such as amenity area beside Hong Kong Heritage Museum, Chung Lung Road and Sha Tin Tau Village rest garden. However, works will affect only the already disturbed road corridors. LCU7. Cottage Areas High High Significant Significant to (Sha Tin Tau/High Rock Christian Camp) adverse moderate Approx. 4.18 ha of cottage areas impact adverse These areas are characterized by a mix of low-rise village houses in an will be affected. Loss of adjacent impact irregular open layout fronted by grassland. The area is screened off from Lion tree and landscape vegetative buffer Rock Tunnel Road by the wooded embankment. The landscape quality of this along roadside will cause serious area is to some extent diluted by its proximity to the road. impact to these rural settings.

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Landscape Character Unit LCU Quality/ Magnitude of Change Significance Threshold Sensitivity Construction Operation LCU8. Industrial Areas Low Negligible Slight adverse Negligible (Buildings along Shing Chuen Road) • No amenity tree was affected impact

The industrial area are typical middle-rise buildings i.e. 10 storeys approximately. To north of the area is the disturbed hillside of To Fung Shan associated with several road corridors along the foothill. The southern edge of the area is clearly defined by the KCRC railway. The landscape quality of this area is considerably offset by its proximity to the road corridors and railway. LCU9. Middle and Low-rise Development Medium Moderate Significant to Moderate to (Hong Kong Heritage Museum/Institutions along Man Lai road) moderate adverse Approx. 20 nos. out of 130 amenity adverse impact The area is composed of Governmental, institutional and communal buildings. tree planting will be affected within impact Open space with mature avenue trees plays an important role in establishing the proposed works boundary. the landscape amenity. However, the introduction of the elevated structures will Rows of mature avenue trees provide a natural setting for the Museum with considerably disturb the landscape special architectural form along the Shing Mun River Channel. Despite of the amenity at these areas. screening effect by the mature street trees, the landscape quality of the area is to some extent diluted by its proximity to the existing road corridors. LCU10. Low-rise Residential Development Low Negligible Slight adverse Negligible (Ecclesia Bible College) to negligible (Tai Wai) No direct impact to LCU. Areas are impact distinct from works These areas are characterized by the low-rise village houses in irregular pattern. Open spaces between buildings are largely vegetated with mature trees. The landscape quality of the area is offset by its proximity to the existing road corridors.

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9.10 Existing Visual Context and Visual Impacts

Visual Envelope

9.10.1 The visual envelope relates to the potential area within which the site and the proposed development would be visible. In broad terms, the site itself is well contained by ridges rising above 204 mPD to the north and south of the site and the floor of flat valley (20 mPD). The elevated ridgeline affords spectacular panoramic views across the low-lying districts of Sha Tin, Tai Wai and the distinct . Conversely, the elevated, wooded slopes of the ridgeline have considerable value as visual resource because in views towards the ridge, the vegetated slopes contribute a dramatic green backdrop to the urban area. However, the site visibility is restricted to areas that are in close proximity.

9.10.2 The central valley is composed of high-rise residential, industrial, institutional, cottages area and villages. The site itself is bound by the existing high-rise development and the existing landform. As a result the extent of the visual envelope is confined to an area in relatively close proximity to the proposed road alignment. However, these buildings screen it from view from areas further apart that are consequently excluded from the visual envelope.

9.10.3 The elevated road structure across the existing footbridge will be highly visible further to the east i.e. Ma On Shan and to the west i.e. Tai Wai, due to the existing view corridor across the Shing Mun River and the elevated nature of the road. This is largely embraced by the high rise residential areas of Ma On Shan and Tai Wai, and the surrounding hillsides to the north and south. The extent of the visual envelope is shown on Figure 9.4.

Existing Visually Sensitive Receivers

9.10.4 The existing landscape characters within the study area are mixed throughout its length. A consequence of this is that the visual amenity of the site varies throughout the proposed scheme. The most sensitive VSRs are the high-rise residential development situated at the central flat valley. Existing vegetation will screen views from the lower floors. Views from the residential buildings vary considerably depending on their orientation in relation to the site, and the extent to which views are blocked by intervening buildings or landform. There are also low-rise development, cottage areas and villages immediately adjacent to the proposed road alignment. The remaining residential VSRs are located at greater distances to the north and west of the proposed development site i.e. the disturbed hillside. The locations of these are shown on Figures 9.5a-d and described in Table 9.10.

Visual Impacts

9.10.5 As most of the proposed alignment will follow the existing road, the proposed alignment will be elevated connecting the north i.e. To Fung Shan to the south i.e. Lion Rock Country Park. It is difficult and impossible to screen views of the proposed elevated structures by existing roadside vegetation. The main visual impacts to the VSRs will arise from the loss of roadside vegetation which currently screens the road and more importantly, the introduction of fill slopes and erection of elevated structures. These will result in exposure of the proposed road scheme to views. In additional, any requirement for noise mitigation measures, and in particular noise barriers, will potentially be an additional source of visual impact. The predicted visual impacts for the identified VSRs are summarized in Table 9.10 and shown on Figures 9.5a-d.

9.10.6 Eleven simulated views of the proposed Trunk Road T4 are shown as computer generated images or photomontages (refer to Figures 9.8a to 9.8k). These views show the proposed road scheme from a number of publicly accessible locations. These locations have been selected to provide representative views of the proposed scheme that would be seen by the majority of the observers or

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VSRs. The range of suitable locations shown on Figure 9.7 from which the proposed scheme is visible is limited by the existing landform, vegetation and built development. The photomontages of the proposed scheme show the existing conditions, the unmitigated impacts, and those residual impacts which would exist in the design year during the operational phase (Year 10-15).

9.10.7 The objective of the photomontages is to illustrate:

• the extent to which the existing vegetation would be maintained; • the screening effect of the existing landform; • the retention of the existing ridgeline of To Fung Shan north and that of Lion Rock Country Park south, and; • the role of the proposed mitigation in visually integrating the development into the existing landscape character.

9.10.8 The viewpoints have been selected to give as wide a coverage as possible in terms of the predicted views of the development site (refer to Figure 9.7 for viewpoint locations). The viewpoints are as follows:

Viewpoint A (Figure 9.8a refers)

Views from Jat Min Chuen looking west towards Tai Wai

9.10.9 This view from public housing estates immediate adjacent to the proposed road scheme. The proposed road scheme is surrounded by high-rise residential development which will partially screen views from locations far apart such as Tai Wai to the east of this location. The proposed road alignment will be approximately located with the existing road corridor in order to minimize the landscape impact incurred. This view shows that the proposed development site would be highly visible by the adjacent housing estate especially at high level but will be partially screened by the surrounding mature roadside trees and the intervening landform of surrounding development especially for VSRs at low levels.

Viewpoint B (Figure 9.8b refers)

Views from San Tin Wai Estate looking north east towards Lion Rock Country Park

9.10.10 This view from public housing estates southwest of the proposed road scheme shows the connection between the proposed road scheme and the existing road corridor with the incorporation of noise mitigation. The road structures plus the vertical noise barrier is clearly visible from this location due to the elevated nature of the scheme and the close proximity of the VSR. The view also shows the screening effect of the existing vegetation and landform enhanced due to the difference in levels between the road scheme and the downhill cottages and villages i.e. Sha Tin Tau Village and Shan Ha Wai.

Viewpoint C (Figure 9.8c refers)

View from Shing Mun River Channel looking west towards Tai Wai

9.10.11 This view taken from the footbridge to the east of the Lion Road Tunnel Bridge looking west towards Tai Wai. The image shows the complete exposure of the proposed road scheme along the Shing Mun Tunnel River Channel. Minimization of piers across the river channel and use of tinted noise barriers would avoid the visual interruption of the water body and the hill ridge of To Fung Shan.

Viewpoint D (Figure 9.8d refers)

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View from Chun Shek Estate looking north towards To Fung Shan

9.10.12 This view from the Chun Shek Estate to the southwest of the development site clearly demonstrates the degraded landscape character of the area immediately to the south which has undergone extensive modification to facilitate the formation of the Che Kung Temple Station. Due to the inaccessibility of High Rock Christian Camp at immediate east of this location, this view is taken at 10th floor of the building which is similar to the level of High Rock Christian Camp with the intention to simulate view taken from the campsite. It is predicted that the planned Che Kung Temple Station will completely block the view of the proposed road scheme to the north of this location.

Viewpoint E (Figure 9.8e refers)

View from Lion Rock Tunnel Road Corridor looking north towards Hong Kong Heritage Museum

9.10.13 This view from pedestrian adjacent to the proposed road scheme south of Hong Kong Heritage Museum demonstrates the physical and visual canopy provided by the elevated structures. The proposed road scheme is located approximately along the existing road corridor to minimize the landscape impact incurred. Sufficient head room is allowed under the elevated structures so that views of Hong Kong Heritage Museum and To Fung Shan could be maximized. It is intended not to screen views from these location by the road structures by the minimization of columns and use of tinted noise barriers

Viewpoint F (Figure 9.8f refers)

View from New Town Plaza looking west towards Hong Kong Heritage Museum

9.10.14 This view shows clearly the complexity and integration of the new and old road alignment. Due to the spatial limitation of the proposed road scheme, it will be highly exposed at this traffic interchange. Filtered views of the Hong Kong Heritage Museum would be seen through the tinted noise barriers and the elevated structures at this level.

Viewpoint G (Figure 9.8g refers)

View from Man Lam Road Footbridge looking east towards Sha Tin Town Park.

9.10.15 This view from footbridge which will be demolished for the proposed road alignment adjacent to the existing road alignment demonstrates the physical and visual canopy provided by the superstructure. Due to the nature of existing road corridors, the extent of visual intrusion and amenity of the proposed road scheme will be similar to that of the existing road corridor and only VSRs at road level will be affected by the elevated structures.

Viewpoint H (Figure 9.8h refers)

View from Mei Lam Estate looking east towards Hong Kong Heritage Museum

9.10.16 This view from the 12th floor of the Mei Lam Estate towards Hong Kong Heritage Museum shows the connection between the existing viaduct alignment and the proposed new scheme. The proposed elevated structures along the To Fung Shan foothill are intended to follow the existing road level in order to minimize the visual intrusion of new landscape elements. However, the landscape element would be dominated by the planned Trunk Road, T3.

Viewpoint I (Figure 9.8i refers)

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View from Jat Min Chuen looking southeast towards Sha Tin Road

9.10.17 This view from public housing estates looking southeast towards the proposed road scheme shows the connection between the proposed road scheme and the existing road corridor with the incorporation of noise mitigation. There are two types of noise mitigation shown on the photomontage i.e. full enclosure and vertical noise barrier. At the re-graded section, the road corridor is widen by retaining walls and covered by full enclosure noise barriers. At the elevated section, the road structures plus the vertical noise barrier is clearly visible from this location due to the elevated nature of the scheme and the close proximity of the VSR. The view also shows the screening effect of the existing vegetation and landform enhanced due to the difference in levels between the road scheme and the downhill village i.e. Shan Ha Wai.

Viewpoint I (Figure 9.8j refers)

View from Fung Shing Court looking northeast towards Pok Hong Estate

9.10.18 The view from Fung Shing Court looking northeast towards Pok Hong Estate shows the visual intrusion of 5.5m high full enclosure outside the Tsok Pok Hang San Tsuen and Pok Hong Estate. This view shows clearly the complexity and integration of the new and old road alignment. The elevated road structures and noise barriers will be highly exposed at this road junction.

Viewpoint K (Figure 9.8k refers)

View from Sha Tin Tau Village looking southeast towards Lion Rock Tunnel Road

9.10.19 The view from Sha Tin Tau Village looking southeast towards Lion Rock Tunnel Road shows the visual obstruction of the proposed road scheme and the associated noise barriers. Although the existing views of Sha Tin Tau Village has been degraded by high level of existing development such as Lion Rock Tunnel Road, Sha Tin Road and the planned Che Kung Temple Station as well as the associated MOS Rail, the low visual compatibility with surroundings and high visual obstruction of the proposed road structures will cause an significant adverse visual impact to Sha Tin Tau residents. Surrounding VSRs such as Shan Ha Wai Village and High Rock Christian Camp will experience similar views and visual impact i.e. significant adverse, caused by the poor visual quality of the proposed development, due to the close proximity of the road structures. Mitigation measures such as temporary hoarding around the construction works, preservation of the existing vegetation, advance planting during construction, sensitive design of elevated structures and noise barriers, will only alleviated the visual impact to a certain extent. For such low-rise houses, more effective way of mitigation will be the implementation of mitigation planting on the existing road embankment and open grassland. (please refer to Figure 9.6i) However, this objective will be fulfilled when the mitigation planting have reached a level of maturity i.e. 10 – 15 years (the design year) after the scheme openings, where the plantings can reduce the apparent visual mass of the proposed structures, and ease their visual integration into the existing landscape. Therefore, the magnitude of change to view of Sha Tin Tau village will be alleviated to be ‘moderate’ during the design year i.e. 10 – 15 years after the scheme openings, and the residual impact will be changed from ‘significant’ during the construction to ‘moderate adverse’ at design year.

9.10.20 For Shan Ha Wai Village and High Rock Christian Camp, the intervening landform and close proximity to the proposed development cause an irreversible degradation of their visual quality which cannot totally alleviated by the mitigation measures. Therefore, the level of residual impact will be classified as ‘significant’ during the construction and operation (the design year). Apart from the above, in the context of the wider landscape, the combination of the proposed noise barriers and the roadside planting will successfully mitigate many of the adverse visual impacts caused by the operation of the proposed carriageway and its associated vehicular activity. The level of residual adverse impacts will be relatively low due to the existing disturbance caused by

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the existing highway and its adjacent development, and the combined effect of the proposed mitigation measures.

Summary

9.10.21 The impacts on more distant VSRs will be slight in the context of the character of existing views, which typically include the existing urban fabrics and fill slopes associated with the roads and buildings. The site is at least partially screened by intervening development or vegetation in the majority of these views.

9.10.22 However, most of the proposed alignment is elevated above the existing road alignment, especially at the central valley. Screen planting may not be an effective means to screen off the proposed alignment due to its elevated nature and the close proximity of the development. Sensitive architectural treatment shall be considered on the proposed alignment, including parapets, columns and underside of road decks in accordance with ACABAS approved designs.

9.10.23 Visual impacts associated with the proposed alignment on these sites will be moderate adverse during the construction phase, due to the proximity of the development and level of activity involved in site. However, due to the combined effects of retained landform and vegetation, sensitive design of elevated structures, enhancement of disturbed slopes and replanting, the level of predicted impact will be slight during the opening and design years.

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Table 9.10 Visually Sensitive Receivers (Refer to Figures 9.5a-d for the locations of Visually Sensitive Receivers). The following table shows the predicted impact for the proposed scheme during the construction phase when the proposed mitigation plantings have not been implemented; and during the design year between 10 and 15 years after the schemes opening and when the proposed mitigation planting is deemed to have reached a level of maturity sufficient to fulfill the original design objectives

Key: VSR Type: HRD – High Rise Development MRD – Middle Rise Development LRD – Low Rise Residential VT – Vehicular Travellers OP – Public Open Space Magnitude of Change: Negligible, Low, Moderate or High Landscape Sensitivity: Low, Medium or High Construction – Construction Phase Operation – Operation Phase Key: Distance: Minimum distance is taken between the closest edge of the VSR and the project boundary.

Visually VSR Type Distance Description of Existing View Sensitivity Magnitude of Change Significance Threshold Sensitive from Construction Operation Receiver Scheme VSR 1 LRD 100m Views of the development site are restricted due to High High Significant Significant Shan Ha Wai the intervening landform and existing screen planting • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the adverse adverse (Tsang Tai on the embankment of Lion Rock Tunnel Road. proposed development site impact impact Uk) However, the elevated section of the proposed trunk • Views of excavation and construction works road T4 will be partially visible. The wooded slopes • Introduction of fill slopes of the Lion Rock Country Park form the background • The construction of the proposed columns and to views. viaduct structures • The high level viaduct together with the noise barrier will be a major visual element. The village will also experience additional highway lighting at night-time. However, their far distance to the village will reduce the impact. VSR 2 HRD 600m Views are predominantly urban in character, with Medium Moderate Moderate Moderate to Residential visibility of the green backdrop to the north and south • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the adverse slight Estates and partially obscured by high rise development. Views proposed development site impact adverse Schools in of the development site are extremely restricted due to • Views of excavation and construction works impact Jat Min proximity of the existing high-rise residential • Introduction of fill slopes Chuen development. Due to the orientation of the building, • The construction of the proposed columns and views of the site are at an acute angle. The existing viaduct structures residential development, existing infrastructure such • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier as Lion Rock Tunnel Road, Sha Tin Road and the and additional highway lighting is reduced due

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Visually VSR Type Distance Description of Existing View Sensitivity Magnitude of Change Significance Threshold Sensitive from Construction Operation Receiver Scheme planned Che Kung Temple Station with the associated to their far distance to the area. MOS rail do much to degrade the visual amenity of the view. VSR 3 HRD 100m Views are predominantly urban in character, with Medium High Significant to Moderate Residential visibility of the green backdrop to the north and south • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the moderate adverse Estates and partially obscured by high rise development. Views proposed development site adverse impact Schools in of the development site are extremely restricted due to • Views of excavation and construction works impact Pok Hong proximity of the existing high-rise residential • Introduction of fill slopes Estate development. Due to the orientation of the building, • The construction of the proposed columns and views of the development site are at an acute angle. viaduct structures The existing residential development, existing • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier infrastructure i.e. Lion Rock Tunnel Road, Sha Tin and additional highway lighting is reduced due Road, planned Che Kung Temple Station with the to their far distance to the area. associated MOS rail, do much to degrade the visual amenity of the view. VSR 4 LRD 100m These properties enjoy expansive views of the Shing High High Significant Significant Ecclesia Mun River Channel with the southern hill slopes of • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the adverse adverse Bible College To Fung Shan at the backdrop. Views of the proposed development site impact impact development site are partially screened by the • Views of excavation and construction works adjacent mature wood and avenue trees. • Construction of the proposed piers and bridge However, the existing infrastructure i.e. Lion Rock structures Tunnel Bridge, the planned Che Kung Temple Station do much to degrade the amenity value of the views. VSR 5 LRD 150m Views towards the proposed development site are full High High Significant Moderate Sha Tin Tau exposed to the village due to the elevated section of • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the adverse adverse the proposed alignment, the existing wooded proposed development site impact impact embankment of Lion Rock Tunnel Road and • Views of excavation and construction works residential development form the background to • The construction of the proposed columns and views. viaduct structures However previous developments such as Lion Rock • The high level viaduct together with the noise Road Tunnel Road, Sha Tin Road and the planned barrier will be a major visual element. The Che Kung Temple Station with the associated MOS village may also experience additional highway rail do much to degrade the visual amenity of the lighting at night-time. However, the existing view. screen planting along the embankment reduces the impacts at low level. VSR 6 HRD 250m Views of the development site are restricted to those Medium Moderate Moderate Moderate to Residential on the upper floors facing the east. These views have • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the adverse slight Estates in been degraded by the high level of existing proposed development site impact adverse Fung Shing development, such as Jat Min Chuen, Lion Rock • Views of excavation and construction works impact

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Visually VSR Type Distance Description of Existing View Sensitivity Magnitude of Change Significance Threshold Sensitive from Construction Operation Receiver Scheme Court and Tunnel Road, planned Che Kung Temple Station, the • Introduction of fill slopes Sun Tin Wai existing shotcrete slopes along Sha Tin Road. • The construction of the proposed piers and Estate viaduct structures • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier and additional highway lighting is reduced due to their far distance to the area. VSR 7 HRD 400m There are open views across Shing Mun River Medium Moderate Moderate Slight Residential Channel over the low-rise building of the museum to • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the adverse adverse Estate and Yau Oi Tsuen (Needle Hill) foothills. Views to north proposed development site impact impact Schools in east and west are predominantly urban in character. • Views of excavation and construction works Chun Shek Views of the development site are restricted to those • Introduction of fill slopes Estate from the upper floors facing north and east. The • The construction of the proposed columns and wooded slopes of To Fung Shan form the background viaduct structures to views although previous development such as • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier Shing Mun Tunnel Road, Lion Rock Tunnel Road and additional highway lighting is reduced due and the planned Che Kung Temple Station with the to their distance to the area. associated MOS rail in foreground do much to degrade the visual amenity of the view. VSR 8 MRD 800m Views to the north are across the busy Che Kung Miu Low Low Slight adverse Negligible Lei Uk Tsuen Road and Shing Mun River Channel to To Fung Shan. • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the impact View to north and east will be obstructed by the proposed development site planned Che Kung Temple Station. Other views are • Views of excavation and construction works generally urban in character with views of the green • The construction of the proposed piers and backdrop partially obscured by high-rise bridge structures development. Views of the development site are • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier extremely restricted due to the existing landform and and additional highway lighting is reduced due surrounding high-rise development. to their distance to the area. VSR 9 MRD 50m Views are predominantly urban in character, with High High Significant Significant Hong Kong visibility of the green backdrop to the south partially • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the adverse adverse Heritage obscured by high-rise development. The proposed development site impact impact Museum development is clearly visible in views to the north • Views of excavation and construction works and east. However, the heavy traffic interchange, and • The construction of the proposed piers, viaducts elevated Shing Mun Tunnel Road are clearly visible and bridge structures in this view and form visually detracting feature. • Visual impact of the proposed bridge, viaducts, These elements do much to degrade the visual noise barrier and additional highway lighting amenity of the view. will be exacerbated due to their proximity to the area.

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Visually VSR Type Distance Description of Existing View Sensitivity Magnitude of Change Significance Threshold Sensitive from Construction Operation Receiver Scheme VSR 10 MRD 200m Views are predominantly urban in character, with Low Low Slight adverse Negligible Schools and visibility of the green backdrop to the south partially • Views of excavation and construction works impact Clinic along obscured by high-rise development. The • The construction of the proposed columns and Man Lai development is clearly visible in views to the north viaduct structures Road and east. However, the heavy traffic interchange, and • Glimpsed views of construction site elevated Shing Mun Tunnel Road are clearly visible • Visual impact of the proposed structure, noise in this view and form visually detracting feature. barrier and additional highway lighting can be These elements do much to degrade the visual reduced by the existing screen planting along amenity of the view. the embankment. VSR 11 MRD 300m Views of the development site are restricted to those Low Low Negligible Negligible VSRs along from the upper floor flats facing the north and • Proposed road corridor will be situated to the impact Shing Chuen northeast. Due to the orientation of the building, north of the existing elevated Shing Mun Road views of the site are at an acute angle. The wooded Tunnel Road and so will not be visible from this slope of To Fung Shan form the background to views location although previous development Shing Mun Road footbridge, Tai Po Road-Tai Wai, KCRC Railway and the planned Trunk Road T3 do much to degrade the visual amenity of the view. VSR 12 LRD 100m Views of the development site are restricted due to Medium Low Moderate Slight Church of the intervening landform and existing vegetation of • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the adverse adverse Latter Day wooded slope along the Shing Mun Tunnel Road. proposed development site impact impact Saints The middle-rise industrial area forms the background • Views of excavation and construction works to views although previous development such as Tai • The construction of the proposed columns and Po Road and Shing Mun Tunnel Interchange does viaduct structures much to degrade the amenity value of the view. • The high level viaduct together with the noise barrier will be a major visual element. The church will also experience additional highway lighting at night-time. However, the existing screen planting along the embankment reduces the impacts. VSR 13 LRD 200m Views of the development site are restricted due to Medium Moderate Moderate Slight Users of the intervening landform and existing vegetation • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the adverse adverse Home for the north of Shing Mun Tunnel Road. The development proposed development site impact impact Aged and site at Shing Mun Road and Tai Po Road section will • Views of excavation and construction works Harmony be partially visible. • The construction of the proposed columns and Lodge viaduct structures • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier and additional highway lighting is reduced due to their far distance to the area.

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Visually VSR Type Distance Description of Existing View Sensitivity Magnitude of Change Significance Threshold Sensitive from Construction Operation Receiver Scheme VSR 14 OP 50m Views to the south are across the busy Lion Rock High High Significant Significant Sha Tin Tunnel Road and the River Channel to Ecclesia Bible • Views of excavation and construction works adverse adverse Central Park College while views to the north and east are • The construction of the proposed columns and impact impact restricted by the high-rise residential development. viaduct structures The park enjoys expansive views of Shing Mun River • Glimpsed views of construction site Channel and the ridge line of Lion Rock Country • Screen planting on earth mould will obstruct the Park. Views of the development site are partially views of the proposed construction site screened by the existing mature wood. However, the construction of the proposed T4 will be partially visible. VSR 15 HRD 200m Views are predominantly urban in character, with High High Significant Significant Hilton Plaza, visibility of green backdrop to the north and south • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the adverse adverse New Town partially obscured by high rise development. Views proposed development site impact impact Plaza of the development site are extremely restricted due to • Views of excavation and construction works proximity of existing high-rise residential • The construction of the proposed columns and development. Due to the orientation of the building, viaduct structures views of the site are at an acute angle. The existing • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier residential development, existing infrastructure such and additional highway lighting is reduced due as Lion Rock Tunnel Road, Sha Tin Road do much to to their far distance to the area. degrade the visual amenity of the area. VSR 16 LRD 500m Primary view is concentrated at low level, with Low Low Slight adverse Negligible Low-rise mature trees partially obscuring the views to the • Proposed road corridor will be situated to the impact Residential/ adjacent river. Views towards the proposed north of the existing elevated Shing Mun Commercial development site are partially screened by the Tunnel Road and so will not be visible from this Buildings in residential development such as Mei Lam Estate, location Tai Wai existing infrastructure such Tai Po Road – Tai Wai and the planned Trunk Road T3. The wooded slope of To Fung Shan forms the background to views. However, these views have been degraded by the level of existing development, such as Mei Lam Road, Shing Mun Tunnel road and Tai Po Road. VSR 17 HRD 500m Views are urban in character, with high rise High Moderate Moderate Moderate to Residential development set in mature landscape of trees. Views • Proposed road corridor will be situated to the adverse slight Estates and of the development site are restricted to those on the north of the existing elevated Shing Mun impact adverse Schools in upper floors facing north east. The wooded slope of Tunnel Road and so will not be visible from this impact Mei Lam To Fung Shan forms the background to views. location Estate However, the existing Shing Mun Tunnel Road and the planned Trunk Road, T3 do much to degrade the amenity value of the view.

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Visually VSR Type Distance Description of Existing View Sensitivity Magnitude of Change Significance Threshold Sensitive from Construction Operation Receiver Scheme VSR 18 VT 0m The river channel enjoy expansive views of the High High Significant Significant VSRs of southern and northern hill slopes of To Fung Shan • The construction of the proposed columns and adverse adverse Shing Mun and Lion Rock Country Park respectively, although viaduct structures impact impact River the existing infrastructure i.e. Lion Rock Tunnel • Introduction of piers and bridge Channel footbridge, planned Che Kung Temple Station and M.O.S. Rail do much to degrade the amenity value to the views. VSR 19 HRD 50m These properties enjoy expansive views of the High High Significant Significant VSRs at northern hill slopes of To Fung Shan, partially • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the adverse adverse Planned Che obscured by high rise development. The existing proposed development site impact impact Kung residential development and existing infrastructure • Views of excavation and construction works Temple i.e. Lion Rock Tunnel Road, Sha Tin Road do much • The construction of the proposed piers and Station to degrade the visual amenity of the views. viaduct structures • Visual impact of the proposed bridge, viaducts, noise barrier and additional highway lighting will be exacerbated due to their proximity to the area. VSR 20 LRD 100m This building enjoys expansive views of the Shing High High Significant Significant High Rock Mun River Channel with the southern hill slopes of • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the adverse adverse Christian To Fung Shan at the backdrop. Views of the proposed development site impact impact Camp development site are partially screened by the • Views of excavation and construction works adjacent mature wood and avenue trees. • Construction of the proposed piers and bridge However, the existing infrastructure i.e. Lion Rock structures Tunnel Bridge, the planned Che Kung Mun Station do much to degrade the amenity value of the views. VSR 21 LRD 600m Views of the development site are restricted due to Medium Moderate Moderate Slight Tung Lo the intervening landform and existing vegetation • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the adverse adverse Wan north of Shing Mun Tunnel Road. The development proposed development site impact impact site at Shing Mun Road and Tai Po Road section will • Views of excavation and construction works be partially visible. • The construction of the proposed columns and viaduct structures • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier and additional highway lighting is reduced due to their far distance to the area.

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9.11 Opportunities for Mitigation Measures

9.11.1 A preliminary landscape proposal plan is prepared for the landscape mitigation of the proposed road scheme based on the identified landscape and visual impacts. A more comprehensive package of proposals shall be formulated during detailed design stage of the project.

9.11.2 Within this Report, types of mitigation are described for each of the source of impact of the alignment. The proposed design strategies for mitigation measures will also be outlined with the following objectives : • To alleviate those landscape and visual impacts which are unavoidable through the engineering and landscape design, where possible, • To enhance the existing landscape and visual context of the surrounding areas; and • To provide a co-ordinated approach between the ecological and landscape mitigation proposals where there is an interface.

9.11.3 Figures 9.6a-k show the general approaches to the mitigation measures for the proposed scheme.

9.11.4 Several of the mitigation measures described are generic items, which will be undertaken as general mitigation e.g. stockpiling of topsoil.

Construction Phase

Preservation of Existing Vegetation

9.11.5 An important mitigation for both the landscape and visual impacts is the retention of all existing vegetation, particularly trees. The mitigation proposals will avoid disturbance to the existing trees as far as practicable within the confines of the proposed Project.

9.11.6 A full tree survey and felling application will be submitted for approval by the relevant government departments in accordance with WBTC 24/94, WBTC 14/2002 and ETWB 2/2004. All trees shall be retained where possible. Efforts should be made to retain groups of trees or woodland. However, for those which will inevitably be affected by the proposed development, they will be transplanted where possible. Trees identified for retention within the project limit shall be protected during the works with adequate protection measures as specified into the contract documents. The following provisions shall be included and implemented : • The use of sturdy 1.8 metres protective fencing to be located at the edge of the tree canopy but not around the trunk. • Prohibition of works beneath the tree canopy: this includes storage of materials, movement of construction vehicles and washing of equipment such as concrete mixers. • For any tree transplanting and planting works, they shall be specified in the contract document and implemented by an approved Landscape Contractor. Quality control of the work shall be undertaken by a qualified Landscape Architect through site inspections and approval of works. • The extent of the agreed works areas should be regularly checked during the construction phase. Any trespass by the Contractor outside limit of the works, including any damage to existing trees and woodland shall be noted. • The progress of the engineering works should be regularly reviewed on site to identify the earliest practical opportunities for the landscape works to be undertaken. • All existing trees and vegetation within the study area which are not directly affected by the works are retained and protected. • The methods of protecting existing vegetation proposed by the Contractor should be in accordance with the guidelines laid down in the Tree Survey Report completed by others and these provisions should be enforced.

Slopes

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9.11.7 For the on-grade section at Sha Tin Road, the existing slopes will be affected to allow for the widening of the carriageways and erection of noise enclosure. The design of these disturbed slopes will be considered to create a minimum amount of new slopes and minimize the landtake area as far as possible. The use of retaining structures, within geotechnical constraints, will minimize the extent of new slope and thus reduce impacts on the adjoining areas. All slopes will be designed in accordance with WBTC 25/93 Control of Visual Impact of Slopes, WBTC 17/2000 Improvement to Appearance of Slopes and GEO publication No. 1/2000 Technical Guidelines on Landscape Treatment and Bio-engineering for Man-Made Slopes and Retaining Walls.

Hoarding

9.11.8 In order to screen the visual clutter caused by plant, stockpiles, etc during construction period, hoarding shall be erected at the most visually sensitive locations. However, many sections of the scheme are either elevated or as parts of the road are raised on embankment, the erection of hoardings may not be practicable. In some areas, erection of decorative screen hoarding and advance planting will be an effective way to screen construction activities. Suggested locations for screen hoarding and advance planting is shown on Figures 9.6a-d.

Top Soils

9.11.9 The construction works may involve disturbance to extensive areas of topsoil. Topsoil, if worthy of retention, should be stockpiled to a maximum height of 2m to prevent anaerobic condition, and for a period not exceeding 12 months. It should be either temporarily vegetated with hydroseeded grass during construction or, turned over on a regular basis to avoid acidification and degradation of organic material. After completion, the soil should be reused or considered for use elsewhere, including other projects.

Protection of Important Landscape Features

9.11.10 Several properties i.e. High Rock Christian Camp, Sha Tin Tau Village and Shan Ha Wai have been identified as features of historical importance within the study area. Despite of the fact that they are located at a remote and self-contained corner, they should be adequately protected and screened off from the works.

Control of Construction Activities

9.11.11 Landscape and visual disturbance by the proposed works and the associated construction activities can be minimized by careful control of construction activities. The following provisions shall be included and implemented : • The location of the work sites associated with the proposed development shall be carefully selected to minimize the potential landscape and visual impacts of the construction works; • Regular checks shall be carried out to ensure that the work site boundaries are not exceeded and that no damage is being caused to the surrounding areas; • Control of night time lighting on the temporary works areas and within the project limit;; • Minimizing the height of temporary buildings; • Careful positioning of construction plant and storage of materials; • The potential for soil erosion shall be reduced at the construction stage by minimizing the extent of vegetation disturbance on site and providing a protective cover (e.g. plastic sheeting or a grass cover established by hydroseeding) over any exposed ground, and; • Temporary construction sites shall be restored to standards as good as, or better than the original condition.

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Operational Phase (after Construction)

Compensatory Planting

9.11.12 The loss of existing vegetation will be a primary source of both the landscape and visual impacts. For the area disturbed by introduction of elevated structures, excavation works and any construction activities, different compensatory planting types will be utilized in different situation. Mitigation planting shall be undertaken for all disturbed areas and areas of improvement with the following design principles:

• Tree and shrub screen planting, including roadside and amenity planting, will be considered. Where appropriate, woodland planting with indigenous species reflecting those affected will also be applied with a long-term objective of creating a native woodland. • Create a fast vegetative cover to ensure soil stability and quick visual effect of planting for the disturbed areas. Eventually, a native woodland dominated by native species will be established to meet its long-term objective. • Use of more ornamental species for urban locations, such as areas adjacent to residential development or along some sections of the road for visual effect. • Design to minimize engineering form and linearity of the road. This can be achieved by mitigating roadside with planting of various type, height, form, shape, colour and texture. Moreover, in order to create a greater depth for planting, planting areas can be designed to extend further than the base of the embankment with an organic planting edge for a smoother grading transition. This can provide a visual relief to the engineered character. • Compensatory planting will be self-sustaining where appropriate. • Consideration will also be given to using shade planting along the new footpath / cycleway. This will create a more comfortable environment both physically and visually for the users; and, • Advance screen planting for contractor’s compound shall be considered. Should programme allow, mitigation planting can be carried out in different phrases so as to achieve a quicker landscape effect while the construction works are still being carried out. • Soft landscape measures should be used where appropriate, employing native plant species as far as practicable, to restore the green land cover and enhance the vegetated, rural environment. This includes tree / shrub planting and hydroseeding in the peripheral site area, footpath sides and access roads. • The planting of trees and shrubs are carried out properly and within the right season.

9.11.13 Figures 9.6a-k show the landscape preliminary proposals for the proposed compensatory planting which will be implemented as mitigation for the predicted landscape and visual impacts attributable to the widening proposals. New planting shall include dominate species, which are indigenous to Hong Kong hillside locations together with some exotic nurse species. Consequentially, the proposed roadside woodland planting will be beneficed with both ecological, landscape and visual value. The nurse species will be selectively felled following the successful establishment of the target indigenous species. In addition, new planting also includes suggested amenity species for locations such as the more urban areas. Areas of woodland identified in the ecology section of this report as being natural woodland or having Fung Shui importance that will be disturbed due to the proposed widening will be reinstated as close to the disturbed areas as possible within the confines of the project limit. The species selected include those that are indigenous to Hong Kong hillside areas as well as a selection of nurse species. The proposed planting treatments are categorised as follows:

• Proposed mixed woodland planting with shrub layer • Proposed tree and shrub amenity planting • Proposed infill planting into area of intermittent vegetation cover • Proposed grassland areas

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9.11.14 An indicative schedule of the type of plant material to be used in the compensatory replanting works is as follows:

Seedling Tree

Acacia confusa* Ficus microcapa Acacia mangium* Ficus variegata chlarocarpa Casuarina equisetfolia* Ficus virens Tristania conferta* Gordonia axillaris Aleurites moluccana Liquidamber formosana Bridelia monoica Macaranga tanarius Cassia surattensis Mallotus paniculatus Cinamomum camphora Melaleuca leucadendron Evodia lepta Peltophorum pterocarpum

Light Standard Tree

Acacia confusa* Cinamomum camphora Acacia mangium* Eucalyptus robusta Casuarina equisetfolia* Hibiscus tiliaceus Castanopsis fissa Grevilia robusta Cratotylum ligustrinum Peltophorum pterocarpum Mallotus paniculatus Tristania conferta

Large Shrub

Nerium indicum Thevetia peruviana

Medium Shrub

Clerodendron fragrans Rhododendron pulchrum Duranta repens Rhododendron simsii Ligustrum sinense Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Melastoma candidum Schefflera arboricola Bauhinia glauca Parthenocissus himalayana Lonicera japonica Melastoma sanguineum Ixora chinensis

Ground Cover Plants

Ophiopogon japonica Mussaenda pubescens Agave americana Melastoma sanguineum Camelia oleifera Psychotria rubra Anisopappus chinensis Rhapiolepis indica

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Seedling Shrub

Lespedesa formosa Diospyros vaccinoides Melastoma candidum Melastoma sanguineum Rhodomyrtus tomentosa Phyllanthus embelica Psychotria rubra Vitex negundo Rhapiolepis indica

Climbing Plants

Ficus pumila Pueraria thomsonii Dalbergia benthami Rubus parvifolius Bauhinia glauca Lonicera japonica Parthenocissus himalayana Tristellateia australasiae

9.11.15 The landscape mitigation measures shall be designed to ensure compatibility with the Trunk Road T3, which is situated to the west of the Study Area adjacent to Tai Wai.

Engineering Structures

9.11.16 As most of the proposed alignment is of elevated nature, full mitigation of the landscape and visual impacts of the engineering structures will not be possible. There are, however, opportunities to design structures that are neutral elements which blend in well with its surrounding landscape. The design, appearance and construction methods of the additional bridge and viaduct structures will be submitted to ACABAS for approval. Principles to be considered during the design includes: • the structures should aim to match with those planned along Trunk Road T3 for visual compatibility; • the structures should aim to “touch” the ground as lightly as possible in order to minimize disturbance to the existing landscape and vegetation below the structures. This may be achieved by designing slender, rounded columns spaced the maximum distance apart. The deck and parapet will have a shallow profile to reduce its visual intrusion. The viaducts should be constructed using pre-cast methods and launched from columns rather than scaffolding; • landform and vegetation in areas disturbed by construction works will be reinstated to blend with the existing landscape patterns; • where light levels permit, vegetation will be reinstated below the structures. Trees and shrubs will be used wherever possible to minimize the apparent height of structures and to soften their appearance from a distance; • maintenance access roads should where necessary be sensitively designed to minimize visual intrusion and physical disruption of the existing landscape, alternative paving materials should be considered where possible; • columns will be rounded with vertical features to relate to the wider family of structures; • at the ground level columns will have a textured finished in-keeping with local architectural and visual environment; • fair faced concrete will not be used for parapets to minimize glare from the structure and to avoid staining; • drainage structures will be concealed within the structure, • consideration will be given to the design and form of traffic sign / sign gantry and street lighting to create single design themes and avoid the structures creating excessive additional impacts; and • in general, lighting along the roadside should be designed to avoid excessive light spillage raising the levels of ambient light levels in the local areas and in views from the VSRs.

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9.11.17 There are several specific elements which will be affected by the works. The detail design for these will be as follows:

Subways

9.11.18 There are a number of pedestrian / cycle subways, i.e. Subway adjacent to Sha Tin Tau Village Rest Garden and High Rock Christian Camp which will be affected by the introduction of elevated structures. None will be removed in the long-term, although they may be temporarily closed during works. The proposed works will result in these subways being lengthened below the road and will require additional engineering structures at each entrance. The engineering structures for these new entrances will be designed to match those existing, although they will be enhanced with textured finishes to the concrete or through the use of a natural stone finish. The internal finish, e.g. the tile or paint finish, to the subways will also be extended to match that existing.

Road Bridges

9.11.19 Additional road bridge across Shing Mun River Channel will be constructed along the existing Lion Rock Tunnel Road bridge. These will be designed to blend with the existing finishes, although they will also be enhanced with textured finishes to the concrete or by the use of a natural stone finish.

Amenity Area

9.11.20 There are several existing amenity areas i.e. Chung Ling Road, Sha Tin Tau Village Rest Garden… etc adjacent to the road corridor, which will be affected by the proposed works. Although the amenity areas provide only passive leisure to the local residents, reprovision of amenity area after construction should also cater for similar activities and functions as before. Besides, careful soft and hard landscape settings should be considered during detailed design stages.

Noise Barriers

9.11.21 The requirement for noise barriers along substantial sections of the alignment will potentially be an added source of visual impact depending on their design and location. The impact may involve the introduction of high vertical element and visual barrier along the strong horizontal axis of the road with minimum landscape element. On viaducts and bridges, the use of barriers may increase the depth of the road profile and result a slender road deck, which will become a visually heavy structure when viewed from distance.

9.11.22 To avoid excessive visual clutter along the alignment, a single design theme will be applied to all the barriers, which will be integrated with the existing and proposed engineering structures. The use of tinted and clear panels will not only minimize the visual impact of the barriers, but also maximize views to its surrounding context. Thus, existing views across the road corridor can also be maintained. Furthermore, the proposed barriers will not only be designed to avoid glare from both sunlight and vehicle headlights, but to ensure safety of drivers. This will involve the use of tinted glass and non-reflective surfaces. The proposed noise barriers will also reduce the impact on VSRs of street lighting both existing and proposed, and reduce the visual impact of vehicular headlights.

9.11.23 For the “at-grade” sections of the road, full noise enclosures may be erected at top of the slope. Tall dense screen planting can be undertaken so as to enable the barriers to blend in with its surrounding landscape environment.

9.11.24 This strategy will reduce the potential visual intrusion caused by the proposed barriers. Many of

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the barriers required will be along the roadside. At these locations, tall dense planting will be used to visually integrate where possible the barriers into the existing landscape or screen the barriers.

9.11.25 All the design of barriers will be subjected to ACABAS approval. Noise barrier designs will also be submitted to CHE / Lighting to ensure that the structures do not have any adverse effects on the highway’s overall lighting proposals / strategy.

Site specific mitigation measures to each affected amenity area are detailed as follows and refer to Figures 9.6a-k.

9.11.26 Existing amenity area beside Chung Ling Road is a semi-enclosed area, covered by the existing road structures, which caters the function such as passive sitting area, bicycle parking, basket ball court…etc to the local resident. The proposed road work will involve insertion of columns for the road structure so the physical dimension of the amenity will be reduced. However, due to the existing nature of the amenity area, similar activities will also be provided by the careful treatment of this semi-enclosed space. The engineering structures inserted will be designed to match those existing and where light levels permit, vegetation will be reinstated below the structures. Sufficient illumination will also be considered for security and activities at night.

9.11.27 At the downhill corner of Lai Chi Yuen and to the north of Hong Kong Heritage Museum, there is an existing earth berm planted with patches of trees. The primary aim of this berm is to screen off the existing railway in close proximity to the surrounding urban settings. Simple footpath and sitting area are provided at this area for passive leisure. Although this area will be disturbed severely by the proposed road work, the original landform and vegetation can be easily reinstated after construction stage. Besides, trees affected by the proposed road work can be transplanted to this area in order to achieve an instant greening effect to this earth berm.

9.11.28 There is a 10 m wide planting strips with ornamental landscape displays and parking lots at the main entrance of Hong Kong Heritage Museum. This area will be disturbed by the insertion of columns and erection of road structures and noise barriers. In order to alleviate the landscape and visual impact caused, consideration should be made on the reprovision of the soft and hard landscape element.

9.11.29 Due to the introduction of footbridge across the Shing Mun River Channel, the riverside promenade will be disturbed unavoidably during and after the construction phase. The existing promenade affected is consisted of cycle track, footpath and cycle parking area. The reprovision of this amenity area can provide these functions and activities to the users and careful consideration can be made on the ornamental and shade plantings i.e. flowering trees and shrubs along this area. Similar planting intention can be extended to the planting strips at west of Ecclesia Bible College and embankment at northeast of High Rock Christian Campsite, which is also affected by the proposed road scheme. Therefore, the vehicular travelers can enjoy the aesthetic roadside planting along these areas.

9.11.30 Despite the fact that Sha Tin Tau Village Rest Garden will not be disturbed by the proposed road scheme during the operation phase, this area will be affected by contractor’s compound and access. Reprovision of hard and soft landscape element affected is required after the completion of the proposed road work.

Sources of Landscape Impact and Mitigation Measures

9.11.31 The sources of impact on the existing landscape are identified under the landscape impact assessment whilst approaches to mitigation of these impacts are described above. Table 9.14 summarizes these sources of impact and the mitigation to alleviate them.

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9.12 Residual Impacts Subsequent to Mitigation

9.12.1 The presence of the existing road corridor and the intention to incorporate a new road scheme within the existing landtake will do much to minimize the predicted adverse landscape and visual impacts. However, there will be some residual impacts due to the scale of the road structures, particularly the requirement for excavation, additional viaducts, loss of existing tree planting and the provision of noise barriers for much of length of the proposed scheme. The predicted residual impacts for the proposed scheme are shown in Table 9.11.

9.12.2 The scale of the impacts incurred due to the works is, in several locations too large to be totally mitigated. These include the intrusion of proposed elevated structures and vertical noise barriers at the central dense residential urban area. These types of impact are difficult to successfully alleviate at source using purely landscape mitigation measures although by the design year the proposed mitigation measures will provide some relief to the impacts caused and improve the visual integration of the scheme into the landscape context of the area. As such, the design of the structure shall be considered as a positive visual element, which is visually compatible with the adjacent surrounding.

9.12.3 The mitigation measures will mitigate many of the construction impacts, i.e. construction scars, but will not mitigate the impact of large scale manmade features. However, as has been alluded to above, the level of existing impact caused by existing road alignment, Ma On Shan railway viaduct, and the planned Trunk Road T3 will not be significantly different to that resulting from the proposals during the design year, although for instance the introduction of noise barriers will have a significant adverse impact, this will be offset to an extent by the existing landscape and visual impacts caused by vehicular activity.

9.12.4 The landscape mitigation proposals will aim to replace the areas of important woodland lost due to the introduction of proposed road structures particularly that identified as being natural and Fung Shui woodlands, however there will be a slight deficit of plantation woodland due to the reduced area available for planting. This would lead to a slight residual impact in terms of the area of woodland. However the use of native species to replace some of the exotic species present in the existing plantations will have a beneficial impact.

9.12.5 A series of computer generated images and elevations are shown in Figure 9.8, the locations of which are identified in Figure 9.7. While it has been intended to demonstrate the extent of the visual impacts due to the construction of the alignment, it is not possible at this stage to be conclusive concerning the mitigation measures until there is sufficient engineering information during the Preliminary Landscape Design. The figures, therefore, only show indicative measures to demonstrate the scale of mitigation possible rather than the definitive mitigation. Tables 9.11, 9.12 and 9.13 detail the predicted residual impacts to landscape character, landscape resources and visual amenity subsequent to the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures.

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Table 9.11 Summary of Impacts during the Opening Year, Mitigation Measures and Residual Landscape Impacts during the Design Year

(Refer to Figure 9.2 for the locations of Landscape Character Units). The following table shows the residual impact for the proposed scheme during the construction phase when the proposed landscape mitigation proposals have not been implemented; and during the design year between 10 and 15 years after the schemes opening and when the proposed mitigation planting is deemed to have reached a level of maturity sufficient to fulfill the original design objectives

Key: Type of Impacts: R – Impact on Landscape Resources C – Impact on Landscape Character Magnitude of Change: Negligible, Low, Moderate or High Landscape Sensitivity: Low, Medium or High Residual Impacts: Refer to Matrix (Section 9.3 above) Construction – Construction Phase Operation – Operation Phase

Landscape Character Summary of Landscape Impact Magnitude of Change Landscape Mitigation Measures Residual Impact after Unit Sensitivity implementation of mitigation to Change measures Construction Operation Construction Operation LCU1. • Loss of adjacent tree and Low Low Medium • Preservation of existing vegetation Slight adverse Slight adverse Disturbed Hillside (Yau landscape vegetative buffer • Tree Survey in accordance with WBTC 24/94, impact impact Oi Tsuen/ To Fung along roadside. (R & C) WBTC 14/2002 and ETWB 2/2004 and tree Shan) (Approx. 6 nos. of trees) felling, retention and transplanting proposals • Potential impacts at the southern • .Compensatory tree and shrub planting end, due to the construction of additional viaducts, to areas below road. (C) LCU2. • No loss of adjacent tree and Moderate Low Medium • Preservation of existing vegetation Moderate to Slight adverse Hill Slopes landscape vegetative buffer • Tree Survey in accordance with WBTC 24/94, slight adverse impact (Lion Rock Country along roadside. (R&C) WBTC 14/2002 and ETWB 2/2004 and tree impact Park and Foothills) • Regrading of slopes in both sides felling, retention and transplanting proposals of the road and disturbance to the • Minimize new cutting by using steep slope tree planting. (C) gradients • Introduction of full enclosure • Avoid using shotcrete noise barrier as new roadside • Compensatory tree and shrub planting element • Design of noise barriers to be integrated elements along the roadside

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Landscape Character Summary of Landscape Impact Magnitude of Change Landscape Mitigation Measures Residual Impact after Unit Sensitivity implementation of mitigation to Change measures Construction Operation Construction Operation LCU3. No Change Negligible Negligible Low No direct mitigation measures required. On site Negligible Negligible .High Rise Residential mitigation will alleviate the identified indirect Development impacts. (Jat Min Chuen/Pok Hong Estate) (Hilton Plaza/ New Town Plaza) (Mei Lam Estate/May Shing Court/Mei Chung Court) (Chun Shek Estate/Sun Tin Wai Estate/ Che Kung Temple Station Development - planned) LCU4. • No loss of roadside tree Low Low Medium • Preservation of existing vegetation Slight adverse Slight adverse Shing Mun River vegetation (R&C) • Tree Survey in accordance with WBTC 24/94, impact impact Channel and Edges • Introduction of bridges will WBTC 14/2002 and ETWB 2/2004 and tree affect the riverside landscape felling, retention and transplanting proposals amenity (C) • Compensatory tree and shrub planting • Sensitive design of piers and columns to be integrate with the existing road bridge • Reprovision of riverside landscape amenity LCU5. • No loss of adjacent tree and Moderate Low Medium • Retention of existing trees, where possible Slight adverse Slight adverse Village landscape vegetative buffer transplanting of more significant trees impact impact (Shan Ha Wai – Tsang (R&C) affected. Tai Uk,) • Introduction of elevated • Tree Survey in accordance with WBTC 24/94, (Tung Lo Wan Village) structures at the southern part of WBTC 14/2002 and ETWB 2/2004 and tree the village (C) felling, retention and transplanting proposals • Conservation of Topsoil • Compensatory tree and shrub planting • Enhancement of barrier and semi-enclosures LCU6. • Loss of roadside tree vegetation Moderate Low Low • Preservation of existing vegetation Slight adverse Slight adverse Road/Railway (R&C) (Approx. 200 nos. of • Tree Survey in accordance with WBTC 24/94, impact impact Corridor trees) WBTC 14/2002 and ETWB 2/2004 and tree • Introduction of elevated felling, retention and transplanting proposals structures and noise barriers • Conservation of Topsoil along the existing road alignment • Sensitive design and construction of cut

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Landscape Character Summary of Landscape Impact Magnitude of Change Landscape Mitigation Measures Residual Impact after Unit Sensitivity implementation of mitigation to Change measures Construction Operation Construction Operation as new road element (C) slopes • Loss of amenity area adjacent to • Compensatory tree and shrub planting to roadside or beneath highway blend with the surrounding environment and structures (C) the planned trunk road T3. • Temporary disturbance to • Design of noise barriers to be integrated associated subways/ pedestrian elements along the roadside (R) • Reprovision of amenity areas adjacent to roadside LCU7. • No loss of adjacent tree and High Moderate High • Preservation of existing vegetation Significant Significant to Cottage Areas landscape vegetative buffer • Tree Survey in accordance with WBTC 24/94, adverse impact moderate (Sha Tin Tau/High along roadside (R&C) WBTC 14/2002 and ETWB 2/2004 and tree adverse impact Rock Christian Camp) • Introduction or elevated felling, retention and transplanting proposals structures and noise barriers as • Conservation of Topsoil new road element. (C) • Compensatory tree and shrub planting • Loss of amenity area adjacent to • Design of noise barriers to be integrated roadside (C) elements along the roadside • Reprovision of amenity areas adjacent to roadside LCU8. No change Negligible Negligible Low No direct mitigation measures required. On site Negligible Negligible Industrial Areas mitigation will alleviate the identified indirect (Buildings along Shing impacts. Chuen Road) LCU9. • Loss of roadside tree vegetation Moderate Low Medium • Preservation of existing vegetation Moderate Slight adverse Medium and Low-rise (R&C) (Approx. 20 nos. of • Tree Survey in accordance with WBTC 24/94, adverse impact impact Development tree) WBTC 14/2002 and ETWB 2/2004 and tree (HK Heritage felling, retention and transplanting proposals Introduction or elevated Museum/Institutions • structures and noise barriers as • Conservation of Topsoil along Man Lai Road) new road element. (C) • Sensitive design and construction of cut slopes • Loss of amenity area adjacent to roadside (C) • Compensatory tree and shrub planting • Temporary disturbance to cycle • Enhancement of barrier and semi-enclosures track/ pedestrian and subways LCU10. No Change Negligible Negligible Low No direct mitigation measures required. Slight impact Negligible Low-rise Residential Development (Tai Wai) (Ecclesia Bible College)

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Table 9.12 Landscape Impact Assessment - Residual Landscape Impacts to Landscape Resources after Implementation of Mitigation Measures

(Refer to Figure 9.2a for the locations of Landscape Resources). The following table shows the residual impact for the proposed scheme during the construction phase when the proposed landscape mitigation proposals have not been implemented; and during the design year between 10 and 15 years after the schemes opening and when the proposed mitigation planting is deemed to have reached a level of maturity sufficient to fulfill the original design objectives

Key: Type of Impacts: R – Impact on Landscape Resources C – Impact on Landscape Character Magnitude of Change: Negligible, Low, Moderate or High Landscape Sensitivity: Low, Medium or High Residual Impacts: Refer to Matrix (Section 9.3 above) Construction – Construction Phase Operation – Operation Phase

Landscape Sources of Impact Magnitude of Change Quality / Mitigation Measures Residual Impact after Resources Sensitivity Implementation of Mitigation Measures

Construction Operation Construction Operation Phase Phase Phase Phase Tree Planting Amenity Tree • Loss of approximately 90 Moderate Low Medium • Retention of existing trees, where possible. Transplanting of Slight Slight adverse Planting nos. amenity trees more significant trees affected. Tree Felling Application in adverse (primarily Acacia accordance with WBTC 24/94, WBTC 14/2002 and ETWB confusa) from the existing 2/2004. road corridor. (R) • Compensatory planting of trees along roadside embankment using primarily indigenous species with areas of ornamental planting near villages, amenity areas and footpaths Modified • Loss of approximately Low Low Medium • Retention of existing trees, where possible. Transplanting of Slight Negligible Woodland 40.32 ha of plantation more significant trees affected. Tree Felling Application in adverse woodland by fill slopes accordance with WBTC 24/94, WBTC 14/2002 and ETWB at realigned section and 2/2004. introduction of columns. • Compensatory planting of trees along roadside and slopes (R) • Minimize extent of slope filling required • Regrading of new slope as steep as possible and with contours to blend with existing Natural • None Negligible Negligible High • None Negligible Negligible Woodland

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Landscape Sources of Impact Magnitude of Change Quality / Mitigation Measures Residual Impact after Resources Sensitivity Implementation of Mitigation Measures

Construction Operation Construction Operation Phase Phase Phase Phase Shrubland • None Negligible Negligible Medium • None Negligible Negligible Abandoned • Introduction of road Low Low Low • Compensatory planting of trees along roadside Slight Negligible Agricultural Land columns (C) adverse Grassland and • None Negligible Negligible Low • None No impact Negligible Shrubby Grassland Topography Natural Hillside • None Negligible Negligible High • None Negligible Negligible Disturbed • Very minor regrading of Very Low Very Low Low • Minimize extent of slope cutting required Negligible Negligible Hillside already cut rock slope • Regrading of new slope as steep as possible and with (R) contours to blend with existing Disturbed Valley • Formation of new Moderate Low Medium • Minimize landtake required for new road bridge by utilizing Moderate to Slight adverse elevated road bridge the existing road corridor slight across the existing Lion • Formation of new bridge to blend with the existing one adverse Rock Tunnel Footbridge (C) Streams Modified Streams • Minor localized impacts Low Low Medium • Minimize disturbance to streamcourses during construction Negligible Negligible to already culverted / • Redirect / widen culverts under highway channelised streams under highway

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Table 9.13 Visually Sensitive Receivers and Visual Impacts in the Construction and Operational Phases. (Refer to Figures 9.5a-d for the locations of Visually Sensitive Receivers). The following table shows the residual impact for the proposed scheme during the construction phase when the proposed mitigation plantings have not been implemented; and during the design year between 10 and 15 years after the schemes opening and when the proposed mitigation planting is deemed to have reached a level of maturity sufficient to fulfill the original design objectives

Key: VSR Type: HRD – High Rise Development MRD – Middle Rise Development LRD – Low Rise Development VT – Vehicular Travellers OP – Public Open Space Magnitude of Change: Negligible, Low, Moderate or High Landscape Sensitivity: Low, Medium or High Residual Impacts: Refer to Matrix (Section 9.5 above) Construction – Construction Phase Operation – Operation Phase

Visually VSR Summary of Visual Impact Magnitude of Change Sensitivity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact during the Sensitivity Type of View to Design Year Receiver Construction Operation Change Construction Operation (VSR) VSR 1 LRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed High High High • Preservation of existing Significant Significant Shan Ha development site vegetation adverse adverse Wai (Tsang • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design and construction impact impact Tai Uk) • Introduction of fill slopes of cut slopes • The construction of the proposed columns and • Compensatory tree and shrub viaduct structures planting • The high level viaduct together with the noise • Use of temporary hoarding along barrier will be a major visual element. The village the north site boundary for will also experience additional highway lighting at screening night-time. However, their far distance to the village will reduce the impact. VSR 2 HRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed Moderate Moderate Medium • Preservation of existing Moderate Moderate Residential development site vegetation adverse to slight Estates and • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design and construction impact adverse Schools in • Introduction of fill slopes of cut slopes impact Jat Min • The construction of the proposed columns and • Compensatory tree and shrub Chuen viaduct structures planting • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier and • Use of temporary hoarding along additional highway lighting is reduced due to their the north and east site boundary far distance to the area. for screening

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Visually VSR Summary of Visual Impact Magnitude of Change Sensitivity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact during the Sensitivity Type of View to Design Year Receiver Construction Operation Change Construction Operation (VSR) VSR 3 HRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed High Moderate Medium • Preservation of existing Significant to Moderate Residential development site vegetation moderate adverse Estates and • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design and construction adverse impact Schools in • Introduction of fill slopes of cut slopes impact Pok Hong • The construction of the proposed columns and • Compensatory tree and shrub Estate viaduct structures planting • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier and • Use of temporary hoarding along additional highway lighting is reduced due to their the north and east site boundary existing landscape context. for screening VSR 4 LRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed High High High • Preservation of existing Significant Significant Ecclesia development site vegetation adverse adverse Bible • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design of elevated impact impact College • Construction of the proposed piers and bridge structures and noise barriers structures • Compensatory tree and shrub planting • Use of temporary hoarding along the north and east site boundary for screening VSR 5 LRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed High Moderate High • Preservation of existing Significant Moderate Sha Tin Tau development site vegetation adverse adverse • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design and construction impact impact • Introduction of fill slopes of cut slopes • The construction of the proposed columns and • Compensatory tree and shrub viaduct structures planting • The high level viaduct together with the noise • Use of temporary hoarding along barrier will be a major visual element. The village the north and east site boundary may also experience additional highway lighting at for screening night-time. However, the existing screen planting • Sensitive design of elevated along the embankment reduces the impacts at low structures and noise barriers level. • VSR 6 HRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed Moderate Low Medium • Preservation of existing Moderate Moderate Residential development site vegetation adverse to slight Estates in • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design and Construction impact adverse Fung Shing • Introduction of fill slopes of cut slopes impact Court and • The construction of the proposed piers and viaduct • Compensatory tree and shrub Sun Tin Wai structures planting Estate • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier and • Use of temporary hoarding along the north and east site boundary

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Visually VSR Summary of Visual Impact Magnitude of Change Sensitivity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact during the Sensitivity Type of View to Design Year Receiver Construction Operation Change Construction Operation (VSR) additional highway lighting is reduced due to their for screening far distance to the area. VSR 7 HRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed Moderate Low Medium • Preservation of existing Moderate Slight Residential development site vegetation adverse adverse Estate and • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design and construction impact impact Schools in • Introduction of fill slopes of cut slopes Chun Shek • The construction of the proposed columns and • Compensatory tree and shrub Estate viaduct structures planting • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier and • Use of temporary hoarding along additional highway lighting is reduced due to their the north and east site boundary distance to the area. for screening VSR 8 LRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed Low Low Low • Preservation of existing Slight Negligible Lei Uk development site vegetation adverse Tsuen • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design and construction impact • The construction of the proposed piers and bridge of cut slopes structures • Compensatory tree and shrub • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier and planting additional highway lighting is reduced due to their • Use of temporary hoarding along distance to the area. the north and east site boundary for screening VSR 9 MRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed High High High • Preservation of existing Significant Significant Hong Kong development site vegetation adverse adverse Heritage • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design and Construction impact impact Museum • The construction of the proposed piers, viaducts and of cut slopes bridge structures • Compensatory tree and shrub • Visual impact of the proposed bridge, viaducts, planting noise barrier and additional highway lighting will be • Use of temporary hoarding along exacerbated due to their proximity to the area. the north and east site boundary for screening • Sensitive design of elevated structures and noise barriers VSR 10 MRD • Views of excavation and construction works Low Low Low • Use of temporary hoarding along Slight Negligible Schools and • The construction of the proposed columns and the north and east site boundary adverse Clinic along viaduct structures for screening impact Man Lai • Glimpsed views of construction site • Sensitive design of elevated Road • Visual impact of the proposed structure, noise structures and noise barriers barrier and additional highway lighting can be

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Visually VSR Summary of Visual Impact Magnitude of Change Sensitivity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact during the Sensitivity Type of View to Design Year Receiver Construction Operation Change Construction Operation (VSR) reduced by the existing screen planting along the embankment. VSR 11 MRD • Proposed road corridor will be situated to the north Low Low Low • Preservation of existing Negligible Negligible VSRs along of the existing elevated Shing Mun Tunnel Road and vegetation Shing so will not be visible from this location • Sensitive design and construction Chuen Road of cut slopes • Compensatory tree and shrub planting • Use of temporary hoarding along the north and east site boundary for screening • Sensitive design of elevated structures and noise barriers • VSR 12 LRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed Low Low Medium • Preservation of existing Moderate to Slight Church of development site vegetation slight adverse Latter Day • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design of elevated adverse impact Saints • The construction of the proposed columns and structures and noise barriers impact viaduct structures • Compensatory tree and shrub • The high level viaduct together with the noise planting barrier will be a major visual element. The church • Use of temporary hoarding along will also experience additional highway lighting at the north site boundary for night-time. However, the existing screen planting screening along the embankment reduces the impacts. VSR 13 LRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed Moderate Low Medium • Preservation of existing Moderate Slight Users of development site vegetation adverse adverse Home for • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design of elevated impact impact the Aged • The construction of the proposed columns and structures and noise barriers and viaduct structures • Compensatory tree and shrub Harmony • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier and planting Lodge additional highway lighting is reduced due to their • Use of temporary hoarding along far distance to the area. the north and east site boundary for screening VSR 14 OP • Views of excavation and construction works High High High • Preservation of existing Significant Significant Sha Tin • The construction of the proposed columns and vegetation adverse adverse Central Park viaduct structures • Sensitive design of elevated impact impact • Glimpsed views of construction site structures and noise barriers • Screen planting on earth mould will obstruct the • Compensatory tree and shrub views of the proposed construction site planting

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Visually VSR Summary of Visual Impact Magnitude of Change Sensitivity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact during the Sensitivity Type of View to Design Year Receiver Construction Operation Change Construction Operation (VSR) • Use of temporary hoarding along the north and east site boundary for screening • VSR 15 HRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed High High High • Preservation of existing Significant Significant Hilton development site vegetation adverse adverse Plaza/New • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design of elevated impact impact Town Plaza • The construction of the proposed columns and structures and noise barriers viaduct structures • Compensatory tree and shrub • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier and planting additional highway lighting is reduced due to their • Use of temporary hoarding along far distance to the area. the north and east site boundary for screening VSR 16 LRD • Proposed road corridor will be situated to the north Low Low Low • Preservation of existing Slight Negligible Low-rise of the existing elevated Shing Mun Tunnel Road and vegetation adverse Residential/ so will not be visible from this location • Sensitive design and construction impact Commercial of cut slopes Buildings in • Compensatory tree and shrub Tai Wai planting • Use of temporary hoarding along the north and east site boundary for screening • Sensitive design of elevated structures and noise barriers VSR 17 HRD • Proposed road corridor will be situated to the north Moderate Low High • Preservation of existing Moderate Moderate Residential of the existing elevated Shing Mun Tunnel Road and vegetation adverse to slight Estates and so will not be visible from this location • Sensitive design and construction impact adverse Schools in of cut slopes impact Mei Lam • Compensatory tree and shrub Estate planting • Use of temporary hoarding along the north and east site boundary for screening • Sensitive design of elevated structures and noise barriers • VSR 18 VT • The construction of the proposed columns and High Moderate High • Sensitive design of elevated Significant Significant VSRs of viaduct structures structures and noise barriers adverse to Shing Mun • Introduction of piers and bridge impact moderate River adverse

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Visually VSR Summary of Visual Impact Magnitude of Change Sensitivity Mitigation Measures Residual Impact during the Sensitivity Type of View to Design Year Receiver Construction Operation Change Construction Operation (VSR) Channel impact VSR 19 HRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed High Moderate High • Preservation of existing Significant Significant VSRs at development site vegetation adverse to Planned Che • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design of elevated impact moderate Kung • The construction of the proposed piers and viaduct structures and noise barriers adverse Temple structures • Compensatory tree and shrub impact Station • Visual impact of the proposed bridge, viaducts, planting noise barrier and additional highway lighting will be • Use of temporary hoarding along exacerbated due to their proximity to the area. the north and east site boundary for screening VSR 20 LRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed High High High • Preservation of existing Significant Significant High Rock development site vegetation adverse adverse Christian • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design and construction impact impact Camp • Construction of the proposed piers and bridge of cut slopes structures • Compensatory tree and shrub planting • Use of temporary hoarding along the north and east site boundary for screening • Sensitive design of elevated structures and noise barriers VSR 21 LRD • Loss of vegetation in and adjacent to the proposed Moderate Low Medium • Preservation of existing Moderate Slight Tung Lo development site vegetation adverse adverse Wan • Views of excavation and construction works • Sensitive design of elevated impact impact • The construction of the proposed columns and structures and noise barriers viaduct structures • Compensatory tree and shrub • Visual impact caused by structure, noise barrier and planting additional highway lighting is reduced due to their • Use of temporary hoarding along far distance to the area. the north and east site boundary for screening

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Table 9.14 Sources of Landscape Impact and Mitigation Measures

Source of Landscape Impact Mitigation Measures

Loss of tree and landscape • Preservation of existing vegetation, where possible, by buffer along roadside modifications to alignment • Tree Survey in accordance with WBTC No. 24/94 and Tree Felling, Transplanting and Retention Proposals, WBTC No. 14/2002 – Management and Maintenance of Natural Vegetation and Landscape Works, and Tree Preservation as well as ETWB TCW No. 2/2004 – Maintenance of Vegetation and Hard Landscape Features • Conservation of topsoil • Compensatory tree planting

Disturbance to the houses and • Preservation of the existing character of the remaining grooves at the southern side of village area through the implementation of a landscape Yau Oi Tsuen will induce loss buffer zone so as to visually separate the village and of visual and physical cohesion grooves from the road corridor. This buffer will involve the of the settlement pattern. use of noise barriers and soft landscape works which will consist of trees and shrub planting in the residual spaces resulting from the necessary demolition of residential property.

Regrading of slopes • Minimization of slope cutting and formation • Retention of topsoil • Regrading of slopes to produce more naturalistic contours, where possible • Compensatory planting of slopes

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Table 9.15 Summary of Visual Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Source of Visual Impacts Mitigation Measures

Loss of roadside tree vegetation • Retention of vegetation, where possible as screen and visual buffer • Compensatory tree planting along roadside working in conjunction with the proposed noise barriers to reduce the potential visual intrusion caused by the superstructure works.

Views of construction works • Construction of hoarding along works boundary at selected visually sensitive locations during construction period though it may not be feasible to construct hoardings for the entire length of the proposed scheme.

Regrading and formation of • Regrading of slopes to enable extensive woodland planting, new slopes using primarily native species as far as practicable in accordance with GEO Publication 1/2000 & WBTC 17/2000. • Regrading of slopes with naturalistic contours where possible.

Additional, and extension of, • Sensitive architectural treatment of elevated road structures, road structures, e.g. viaducts including parapets, columns and underside of road decks in accordance with ACABAS approved designs. Climbing plants (e.g. Ficus pumilla/Parthenocissus spp.) will be included at base of columns whenever possible.

Visual screening by noise • Design of noise barriers to be visually unobtrusive through barriers the use of transparent materials in accordance with ACABAS approved designs where appropriate. • The proposed use of tree and shrub planting to reduce the apparent visual mass of the proposed structures, ease their visual integration into the existing landscape and reduce their horizontal emphasis.

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9.13 Implementation, Management and Maintenance of the Landscape Works

9.13.1 Table 9.16 outlines the implementation, management and maintenance responsibilities for the landscape works and items associated with this project.

Table 9.16 Implementation, Management and Maintenance Responsibilities for the Landscape Works Land Category of Landscaped Proposed Maintenance Remarks Areas Implementation Departments Along non-expressway public CEDD LCSD To maintain vegetation on roads outside country park landscaped areas, including planting on roadside toe wall planters of SIMAR slopes and man-made slopes not registered in the SIMAR database.

Public road-structures with CEDD LCSD (1) To maintain vegetation and the pedestrian or vehicular access removable planters attached to the (e.g. planting on the roof or inside parapet or railing of footbridges or of footbridges, covered elevated roads/flyovers. walkways, landscaped deck or noise enclosure cum open space) (2) To maintain vegetation on the roof of road-structures, e.g. footbridge and covered walkways etc.

Along footpaths within village CEDD HAD To carry out ad hoc maintenance, environs and access roads mainly in the form of grass cutting maintained by HAD when a requirement is identified or a complaint/referral is received.

All other unleased and CEDD LandsD To carry ad hoc maintenance. unallocated Government land not covered by the above

9.13.2 This has been based on the ETWB Technical Circular (Works) No. 2/2004, Management and Maintenance of Natural Vegetation and Landscape Works, and Tree Preservation. The design for any landscape mitigation measures will allow for safe access for routine maintenance both of the soft and hard landscape works together with the proposed engineering structures including the proposed noise barriers.

9.13.3 There is no any SIMAR slope newly formed by the proposed road work. At the re-aligned section of the proposed road work, most of the slopes, affected by the widening of existing road corridor and construction of noise enclosure, are those at the south of Pok Hong Estate. The upper slope is cut by retaining structures. (Please refer to Figure 9.6k) According to ETWB Technical Circular (Works) No. 2/2004, Management and Maintenance of Natural Vegetation and Landscape Works, and Tree Preservation, the existing SIMAR slope maintenance department i.e. Housing Department should be responsible for the ongoing maintenance.

9.13.4 The mitigation measures shall be designed to ensure compatibility with the Trunk Road T3, which is situated to the west of the Study Area adjacent to Tai Wai.

9.14 Environmental Monitoring and Audit Requirements

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9.14.1 The EIA has recommended the EM&A for landscape and visual resources is undertaken during both the construction and operational phases of the project. The implementation and maintenance of the landscape compensatory planting measures is a key aspect of this and should be checked to ensure that the proposals are fully realized. The mitigation measures are detailed in section 9.11.

9.14.2 Also any potential conflicts between the proposed landscape measures and any other project works and operational requirements should be resolved at the earliest possible date and without compromise to the intention of the mitigation measures. In addition, implementation of the mitigation measures recommended by the EIA will be monitored through the construction phase site audit programme.

Baseline Monitoring

9.14.3 Baseline monitoring for the landscape and visual resources will comprise a vegetation survey of the entire selected route undertaken on an ‘area’ basis. Representative vegetation types will be identified along with typical species composition. An assessment of landscape character will be made against which future change can be monitored. The landscape resources and elements of particular concern are to be noted.

9.14.4 The landscape and visual baseline will be determined with reference to the habitat maps included in the EIA Report.

Construction and Operational Phase Audit

9.14.5 A competent Landscape Architect should be employed by the Contractor for the implementation of landscape construction works particularly during the site clearance operations when the proposed tree felling, lifting and transplantation will take place and subsequent maintenance operations during the 12 month establishment period. The establishment works will be undertaken throughout the Contractor’s one year maintenance period which will be within the first operational year of the project.

9.14.6 All measures undertaken by both the Contractor and the Landscape Contractor during the construction phase and first year of the operational phase shall be audited by a Landscape Architect, as a member of the Environmental Team. This will be completed on a regular basis to ensure compliance with the intended aims of the EIA. Site inspections should be undertaken at least once every two weeks throughout the construction period and once every two months during the operational phase. The broad scope of the audit is detailed in Table 9.17 below. Operational phase auditing will be restricted to the 12 months establishment works of the landscaping proposals, with HyD/ HAD / LCSD / AFCD as appropriate taking over the maintenance and monitoring after this period.

9.14.7 In addition, audit of mitigation measures to avoid impacts on landscape and visual resources will be required during the construction period, together with supervision of the compensatory planting. The audit of the compensatory planting will also extend through the first year of the proposed Trunk Road, during the Contractor’s one year maintenance period, to ensure that the establishment of the planting. The maintenance and monitoring of the planting will be responsibility of LCSD after this period.

Summary

9.14.8 Overall the primarily source of landscape and visual impacts arise from the disturbance to the existing hillside slopes and the loss of the roadside plantings (including approx. 213 nos. trees within the proposed works boundary). Additional sources of visual impact will arise from the insertion of elevated structures and the associated noise barriers.

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9.14.9 Mitigation measures have been devised to alleviate the identified landscape and visual impacts including compensatory woodland planting and the consideration of the design of all engineering structures, particularly the noise mitigation measures. These will be designed as transparent to avoid excessive visual impact, and have dense tree and shrub planting surrounding the road columns. It is considered that the mitigation measures will alleviate many of the impacts caused resulting in the long-term impacts being acceptable overall.

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Table 9.17 Environmental Monitoring and Audit Requirements

Environment Protection Measures Location / Implementation Implementation Stages* Relevant Timing Agent Legislation and Design Constr- Oper- Guidelines uction ation Construction Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures shall be implemented to minimize the landscape and visual impact of the construction works: Existing vegetation and landscape context • The extent of the agreed works areas should be regularly checked during the construction phase. Any

trespass by the Contractor outside limit of the works, including any damage to existing trees and woodland Whole Contracting EIA-TM shall be noted; alignment / Companies WBTC 14/2002 all times • Existing trees will be retained as far as is possible on site. The felling of trees will be in accordance with ETWB 2/2004 WBTC 14/2002, ETWB 2/2004, including compensatory planting plans approved by relevant government departments. Trees identified in the Tree Survey Report and Felling Application as suitable for transplantation or retention and those requiring felling are to be identified on site by the Contractor and the inspected by a qualified Landscape Architect to ensure compliance with the Felling Application; • The progress of the engineering works should be regularly reviewed on site to identify the earliest practical opportunities for the landscape works to be undertaken; • All existing trees and vegetation within the study area which are not directly affected by the works are retained and protected; • The methods of protecting existing vegetation proposed by the Contractor should be in accordance with the guidelines laid down in the Tree Survey Report completed by others and these provisions should be enforced;

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Environment Protection Measures Location / Implementation Implementation Stages* Relevant Timing Agent Legislation and Design Constr- Oper- Guidelines uction ation Construction Site Controls The location of the work sites associated with the proposed development shall be carefully selected to • Whole Contracting  EIA-TM minimize the potential landscape and visual impacts of the construction works; alignment / Companies • Regular checks shall be carried out to ensure that the work site boundaries are not exceeded and that no all times damage is being caused to the surrounding areas; • Topsoil disturbed by the works should be tested for quality and if worthy, it should be stockpiled not greater than 2m high and either temporarily hydroseeded or periodically turned to avoid degradation of the organic material. Topsoil should be reused on completion of the engineering works or on other projects; • Control of night time lighting on the temporary works areas and within the project limit; • Erection of decorative screen hoarding to screen construction activity; • Advance planting for screening; • Minimizing the height of temporary buildings; • Careful positioning of construction plant and storage of materials; • The potential for soil erosion shall be reduced at the construction stage by minimizing the extent of vegetation disturbance on site and providing a protective cover (e.g. plastic sheeting or a grass cover established by hydroseeding) over any exposed ground, and; • Temporary construction sites shall be restored to standards as good as, or better than the original condition. Construction of the Soft Works Soft landscape measures should be used where appropriate, employing native plant species as far as • Whole Contracting   EIA-TM practicable, to restore the green land cover and enhance the vegetated, rural environment. This includes tree alignment / Companies/ / shrub planting and hydroseeding in the peripheral site area, footpath sides and access roads. all times Consultants for • Consideration of the design of all slopes to minimize the extent of cutting and ensure the design is in Detailed Design accordance with the recommendations of the EIA ; • All detailed landscape design to be carried out by a landscape architect; • All landscape works are carried out in accordance with the specifications, and; • The planting of trees and shrubs are carried out properly and within the right season. Construction of the Hard Works The design of all engineering structures will be subject to ACABAS approval to ensure their visual • Whole Contracting  EIA- appearance minimizes impact and that they are compatible with the surrounding environment. Trees and alignment/ Companies/ TM ,WBTC No. shrubs to be planted around the structures to soften their impact; and all times Consultants for 19/98 • The proposed noise barriers should be designed to minimize visual impacts and visually integrate as far as Detailed Design possible into the fabric of the surrounding context. They will utilize clear materials to reduce the screening of views.

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Environment Protection Measures Location / Implementation Implementation Stages* Relevant Timing Agent Legislation and Design Constr- Oper- Guidelines uction ation Operational Mitigation Measures The newly planted trees, shrubs and grassed areas are maintained throughout the establishment period, particularly in respect of the following: Whole Contracting EIA-TM • Regular watering, weeding and fertilizing of all tree and shrub planting and areas of grass reinstatement; alignment / Companies • Regular grass cutting for reinstated areas; all times • Firming up of trees after periods of strong winds; • Regular checks for and eradication of pests, fungal infection etc; • Pruning of dead or broken branches; and • Prompt replacement of dead plants and reseeding of failed areas of grass to ensure the landscape mitigation measures fulfill their design intention.

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9.15 Summary and Conclusion

9.15.1 The construction phase of the proposed scheme will result in sources of visual impact arising from the loss of existing vegetation, the scale of the proposed earthworks and the nature of the construction activities to be undertaken. Although a higher adverse visual impact is predicted for the construction phase, these effects will be temporary in nature.

9.15.2 Overall during the opening year, the sources of landscape and visual impacts will arise from the loss of the roadside vegetation, the disturbance caused by the new areas of cut and fill and the introduction of proposed elevated superstructures and noise barriers.

9.15.3 For the realigned sections, the loss of roadside planting is a more important source of impact and will initially have a large adverse visual impact on VSRs and on the existing landscape character of the local area particularly within the road corridor. Views of the highway will be exposed, which will lead to a loss of visual integration between the road corridor and its surrounding landscape.

9.15.4 The proposed areas of cut and fill will be visually prominent both within the road corridor and the wider visual envelope of the schemes. However the existing level of visual disturbance caused by the highway structures will do much to lessen the perceived level of impact caused by the proposed works.

9.15.5 The proposed barriers and highway structures, even with a sensible design approach, will become a large and visually prominent feature both within the road corridor and the wider landscape context. However, the proposed highway structures are generally complementing the existing ones and therefore the level of adverse visual impact would remain similar. In the context of the wider landscape, the combination of the proposed noise barriers and the roadside planting will successfully mitigate many of the adverse visual impacts caused by the operation of the proposed carriageway and its associated vehicular activity.

9.15.6 During the design year, generally described as between ten and fifteen years after opening, although in practice often well in advance, the compensatory planting will reach a level of maturity whereby it will perform the design role for which it was planted. The reinstatement planting will reduce the adverse visual impacts caused by the proposed highway structures with its associated vertical barriers in the realigned sections. The proposed scheme will eventually integrate into the existing landscape.

9.15.7 The level of residual adverse impacts will be relatively low due to the existing disturbance caused by the existing highway and its adjacent development, and the combined effect of the proposed mitigation measures. In conclusion, the residual impact for majority of the landscape and visual impacts predicted as a result of the operational phase of the proposed widening scheme will be ‘acceptable with mitigation’.

9.15.8 Meanwhile, the predicted impacts on the Planning and Development Control Framework will be negligible as the proposed development will be designed where possible to stay within the existing landtake or widened within limited landtake. Consequently, the viability of the existing planning designations within the road corridor will not be affected.

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