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A Revision of the Japanese Lymantriidae (I)

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A Revision of the Japanese Lymantriidae (I) Sap. J. M. Sc. & Biol., 9, 133-163, 1956 A REVISION OF THE JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE (I) HIROSHI INOUE1) Eiko-Gakuen, Funakoshi, Yokosuka2) (Received: July 11th, 1956) The Japanese Lymantriidae were mainly studied by Butler (1877-1885), Leech (1889; 1899), Swinhoe (1903; 1922; 1923), Wileman (1911; 1918), Nagano (1907-1919), Strand (1910; 1911), and Matsumura (1905-1933), but there still remain many problems on their scientific names and systematic relations of genera., species and subspecies. In this paper I will catalogue all the species, subspecies and forms known to occur in Japan, from Hokkaido to as far south as Yakushima, with descriptions of some novelties. Matsumura (1933) listed 51 species from Japan as defined above, but, according to my studies, there being some synonyms and misidentifications in his species, I can only accept 45 species. Little will be mentioned about the external characteristics and venations, as the original descriptions are in most cases easily accessible, and moreover there are many descriptions and illustrations, including •gSeitz•h, which will facilitate these points. However, a special attention is paid to the structure of the male genital organs, and their short descriptions and sketches will be given, since these organs are considered to be a very important factor to compare the phylogenic relations of genera and species, and besides there being no comparative study on these organs concerning the Japanese Lymantriidae. In writing this paper I have received kind assistance and valuable advices from Mr. C. L. Collenette, British Museum (Natural History), and Mr. Toshio Kumata, Hokkaido University, to whom I am much indebted. My hearty thanks are due to Prof. Teiso Esaki, Kyushu University, Prof. Tamotsu Ishihara, Matsuyama Agricultural College, and Mr. Yoshihiko Kurosawa, National Science Museum, Tokyo, for the free access to the specimens in their charges. I wish as well to thank the following friends for the aid by way of specimens : Miss I. Hattori, Messrs. T. Haruta, H. Hasegawa, K. Ijima, A. Kawada, K. Kojima, H. Kuroko, Y. Nagai, S. Nomura, M. Okano, P. Savolainen, K. Shirahata, T. Shirozu, S. Sugi, T. Tanaka, Y. Yamamoto, and the late Mr. A. Hosono. I also appreciate Mr. A. Kumakura's help in the drawing of venation. My thanks are also expressed to Dr. Syoziro Asahina, National Institute of Health, on whose recommendation and arrangement I have undertaken a revisional study of this family and who further has enabled me to publish this paper. 1)井 上 寛 ,2)横 須 賀 市 船 越 栄 光 学 園 133 134 I NO Vol. 9 Family LYMANTRIIDAE Lymantriidae Hampson, 1892, p. 11; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 375; Strand, 1910, p. 109; id., 1915, p. 291; Pierce & Beirne, 1941, p. 41; Forbes, 1948, p. 237. Liparidae Walker, 1855b, p. 777. Orgyidae Wallengren, 1865, p. 34. Lymantriadae Hampson, 1919, p. 384. A family of moths of medium or large size, and generally of nocturnal flight, but sometimes of active day-flyer (Lymantria dispar, •‰ ). Body small and slender in male, but female has a heavy body, with a developed anal tuft of hair for covering eggs; antennae in male strongly pectinate to apex, the shaft usually down-curved, in female often pectinate, with short branches. Palpi weak to moderate; ocelli absent ; proboscis usually absent; legs hairy, frenulum always developed in the Japanese species. Wings ample ; forewing with M2 from close to lower angle of cell, rarely stalked with M1; hindwing with M2 from close to lower angle of cell, M1 and R generally stalked, but sometimes connate or even separate, Sc nearly touching R at middle of cell and connected with it by a bar. Very rarely wings are vestigial in female (Orgyia th yellina) . Eggs laid in a mass and generally covered with hair from the anal tuft. Larva medium to large size; feeding primarily on the foliage of deciduous shade, forest and fruit trees ; generally covered with thick hair or thick tuft of hair, frequently containing poison spinules (Euproctis spp.). Pupa in a thin cocoon, into which some of the hair of the larva are woven ; stout, hairy and sometimes with toothbrush tufts ; with functional hooks on the cremaster ; tongue-case very weak. This family include very important species from the economical point: larvae often outbreak in a great number and give a serious damage to cultivated trees and forest, and the poison spinules of Euproctis cause irritation to human skin. Strand (1910-1911) divided this family into two groups, but forewing with radial branches unstable even in a single species, and therefore the distinction of the groups is sometimes unreliable. GROUP I. Areolatae Forewing with R3 given off from R2 and anastomosing with R4 to form an areole. Genus Dasychira Stephens Dasychira Stephens, 1828, p. 58; Hampson, 1892, p. 433: Strand, 1910, p. 111; Pierce & Beirne, 1941, p. 42. Cifuna Walker, 1855c, p. 1172; Hampson, 1892, p. 446; Strand, 1911, p. 121. Baryaza Moore, 1879b, p. 45. 1956 JAPANESE LYMANTIIEAE, I 135 •‰ genitalia : so variable that they might possibly be divided into several different genera, and it is nearly impossible to give a description for the common characteristics of the genus. Uncus typically broad, apex often bifurcate or trifurcate ; valva strongly sclerotized, fused, Costa very often free, sacculus broad, ventral margin sometimes dentate; aedoeagus variable, but strong. •‰ genitalia :Fi g. 1. Dasychira argentata Butler.2 . Dasychira pseudabietis (Butler). 3. Dasychira lunulata Butler. Cifuna cannot be separated generically from Dasychira by the venation, hindtibiae or larvae, and the structure of the male genitalia is heterogeneous throughout the both genera. If we observe only the Japanese species, we can accept the characteristics of Cifuna given by Hampson (1892), but in Africa there are many transitional forms which connect them into a single genus and we do not know where to draw the line between them. Therefore, I will here treat Cifuna merely as a section for convenience in identification. SECTION 1. ( Dasychira) . Forewing more or less convex, termen oblique. 1. D. argentata Butler (Sugi-dokuga, Nagoya-dokuga) Dasychira argentata Butler, 1881a, p. 12; Leech, 1899, p. 123; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 474; Inoue, 1954, p. 14. Calliteara argentata Pryer, 1884, p. 51. Calliteara pseudoabietis Matsumura, 1905, p. 40; id., 1931, p. 701, no. 423; id., 1933, p. 120; Hirayama, 1933, pl. 28, f. 1 & 2 (nec Butler). Dasychira pseudabietis Strand, 1910, p. 113, pl. 19h; Bryk, 1934, p. 15; Kawada, 1950, p. 734, f. 2065 (nec Butler). Dasychira abietis Nagano, 1918, p. 241 (nec Schiffermuller et Denis). Orgyia pseudabietis Swinhoe, 1923, p. 296; Kawada, 1932, p. 1164, f. 2298 (nec Butler). 136 I NOUE Vol.9 Dasychira nagoyana Matsumura, 1933, p. 119, pl. 7, f. 3. Dasychira pudibunda f. (!) argentata Matsumura, 1933, p. 120. •‰ genitalia: uncus broad, trifurcate, central process slender, flange at either side very large; valva broad, roundish, sacculus with margin minutely dentate ; juxta strongly bifid, arms slender; aedoeagus long, cornuti numerous minute spines. I have already pointed out (1954) that due to the influence by the misidentifi- cation of Strand (1910) this has erroneously been called pseudabietis in Japan and that nagoyana Matsumura is the normal female of argentata. Although Bryk (1934) considers D. coreana Mats. a race of •gpseudabietis•h, it is a synonym of conjuncta Wileman. The colour of wings varies from pale to fuscous, but in my collection there are 1 •‰, 2 with both wings and body entirely infuscated, which I will name ab. infuscata nov. (Types: Tokyo, 4 Sept. 1949, 1 •‰ ; 11 July 1952, 1 •Š, T, Haruta coil.; Tokyo, 7 June 1950, 1 •Š P. Savolainen coll). This species is very common on level lands and low hills throughout Japan. Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Period of Appearance: May to June, and August to September. Food Plant: Chamaecyparis spp., Cryptomeria spp. 2. D. pseudabietis (Butler) (Ringo-doknga, Arakawa-dokn-ga) Calliteara pseudabietis Butler, 1885, p. 118 (•‰). Dasychira pryeri Butler, 1885, p. 119 (•Š). Calliteara pudibunda Leech, 1889, p. 631 (nec L.). Dasychira pseudabietis Leech, p. 124; Staudinger, 1901, p. 116; Swinhoe, 1903, p. 472; Inoue, 1954, p. 14. Dasychira pudibunda Leech, 1889, p. 124; Matsumura, 1905, p. 41; Strand, 1910, p. 114 (part.) ; Matsumura, 1909, p. 65, pl. 10, f. 18 (•‰) & 25 (•Š) ; id., 1931, p. 701, no. 424; id., 1933, p. 120; Hirayama, 1937, p. 73, pl. 35, f. 4 (•Š) ; Kawada, 1950, p. 734, f. 2066 (nec L.). Dasychira sp. (?), Sasaki, 1905, p. 126, f. 34. Orgyia pudibunda Kawada, 1932, p. 1164, f. 2297 (nec L.). Dasychira arakawae Matsumura, 1921, p. 863, pl. 62, f. 4; id., 1930, p. 697, no. 406; id., 1933, p. 114. •‰ genitalia: uncus trifurcate, central process longer and broader than in argentata, flanges at both sides nearly as long as the central process; valva very similar to the preceding, but sacculus more strongly and irregularly dentate; juxta small, apex lip-shaped; aedoeagus broader than in the preceding, with a bundle of plait-like sclerites. From European pudibunda it is separated by slenderer arms of uncus, in addition to the external differences. This species has long been called pudibunda in Japan, but it is specifically separated from the European counterpart. D. arakawae is merely a small male of the same insect and such variation is hardly tenable as a name-worthy form, 1956 JAPANESE LYMANTRIIDAE, I 137 since there are many degrees in size from large (•‰ , length of forewing 25 mm) to small (15 mm). Generally speaking the second generation is much smaller than the first. As Leech (1899) points out, pryeri is the female of the same species. Distribution: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Period of Appearance: Beginning of April to middle of May, and middle of July to end of August. Food Plant: Malus spp., Quercus spp., Acer spp.
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