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Buletin Palma (Bulletin of Palmae) Volume 18 No ISSN : 1979 – 679X E-ISSN : 2528 - 7141 Buletin Palma (Bulletin of Palmae) Volume 18 No. 1, Juni 2017 Terakreditasi No. 625/AU3/P2MI-LIPI/03/2015, Tanggal 15 April 2015 Buletin Palma memuat artikel hasil-hasil penelitian kelapa dan palma lainnya. Buletin ini diterbitkan dua kali setahun oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan. Redaksi menerima sumbangan tulisan dari luar. Naskah yang diterima adalah yang belum pernah dipublikasikan di media cetak lain dan hendaknya mengacu pada Pedoman Menulis yang terdapat pada sampul belakang di bagian dalam. Redaksi berhak untuk menyunting naskah tanpa mengubah isi dan makna tulisan atau menolak suatu naskah. Naskah yang tidak diterbitkan tidak akan dikembalikan kepada penulis. Penanggung Jawab : Kepala Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan (Director Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development) Tim Penyunting Ahli Ketua : Prof.Dr.Ir. Novarianto Hengky, MS (Pemuliaan/Breeding) Anggota : 1. Dr.Ir. Meldy L.A. Hosang, M.Si (Entomologi/Entomology) 2. Prof.Dr.Ir. Elna Karmawati, MS (Entomologi/Entomology) 3. Prof.Dr.Ir. Supriadi, M.Sc (Fitopatologi/Fitopathology) 4. Dr.Ir. Ismail Maskromo, M.Si (Pemuliaan/Breeding) 5. Ir. Nurhaini Mashud, MS (Fisiologi/Physiology) 6. Ir. Lay Abner, MS (Pasca Panen/Postharvest) 7. Ir. Jelfina C. Alouw, M.Sc. PhD (Entomologi/Entomology) 8. Dr. Steivie Karouw, S.TP. M.Sc (Pasca Panen/Postharvest) Penyunting Pelaksana : 1. Djunaid Akuba, S.Sos 2. Alfred Manambangtua, SP 3. Adhitya Yudha Pradana, M.Si Diterbitkan oleh : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, Bogor Alamat Redaksi : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma, Manado. Jln. Raya Mapanget, PO. Box 1004, Manado-95001 Telepon : (0431) 812430, Fax. (0431) 812017 E-mail : [email protected] Homepage : http://www.balitka.litbang.pertanian.go.id PUSAT PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PERKEBUNAN Jl. Tentara Pelajar No. 1 Cimanggu, Bogor 16111 Telp. (0251) 8336194, 8313083 – Fax (0251) 8336194 E-mail : [email protected] ISSN : 1979 – 679X E-ISSN : 2528 - 7141 Buletin Palma (Bulletin of Palmae) Volume 18 No. 1, Juni 2017 DAFTAR ISI Halaman Karakteristik Biodagradable Film Pati Sagu dengan Penambahan Gliserol, CMC, Kalium Sorbat dan Minyak Kelapa 1 - 7 Steivie Karouw, Rindengan Barlina, Maria L. Kapu’allo, dan Jerry Wungkana Komunitas Hymenoptera Parasitoid pada Areal Hutan Sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) di Maluku 9 - 21 Rein Estefanus Senewe, Hermanu Triwidodo, Pujianto, dan Aunu Rauf Keragaman Karakter Agronomi pada Populasi Intra dan Inter Famili Dura Elit Koleksi Taman Buah Mekarsari 23 - 32 Azis Natawijaya, Sintho WA, Ismail Maskromo, M. Syukur, Alex Hartana, dan Sudarsono Ulat Bulu Orgyia sp. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Lymantriinae), Hama Potensial pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit 33 - 42 Meldy L.A. Hosang, Jelfina C. Alouw, dan Fadjry Djufry Variabilitas Genetik Plasma Nutfah Kelapa Sawit Asal Angola dan Seleksi Genotipe Berbasis Famili dan Individu untuk Pembentukan Breeding Population Baru 43 - 51 Ismail Maskromo, Azis Natawijaya, Syafaruddin, Fadjry Djufry, dan M. Syakir ii Karakteristik Biodegradable Film Pati Sagu dengan Penambahan Gliserol, CMC, Kalium Sorbat dan Minyak Kelapa Properties of Sago-Based Biodegradable Film Prepared by Addition of Glycerol, CMC, Potassium Sorbate and Coconut Oil STEIVIE KAROUW, RINDENGAN BARLINA, MARIA L. KAPU’ALLO DAN JERRY WUNGKANA Balai Penelitian Tanaman Palma Jln. Raya Mapanget, Kotak Pos 1004 Manado 95001 E-mail: [email protected] Diterima 9 Januari 2017 / Direvisi 27 Maret 2017 / Disetujui 8 Mei 2017 ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik, warna dan laju transmisi uap air serta sifat antimikroba biodegradable film pati sagu dengan penambahan gliserol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), kalium sorbat dan minyak kelapa. Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua tahap, pada tahap pertama gliserol dan CMC digunakan beberapa konsentrasi berturut-turut, yaitu (1%, 1,5%, 2,0% dan 2,5 %) dan (0,75%, 1,0%, 1,25% dan 1,5%). Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik tahap pertama digunakan untuk penelitian tahap kedua. Pada penelitian tahap kedua dilakukan penambahan bahan antimikroba kalium sorbat dan minyak kelapa pada beberapa konsentrasi, berturut-turut (1,0; 1,5 dan 2%) dan (0,3 dan 0,6%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bertambahnya konsentrasi gliserol menghasilkan biodegradable film dengan kuat tarik yang makin tinggi dan daya mulur makin turun. Pada konsentrasi gliserol yang tetap, nilai kuat tarik meningkat dan daya mulur menurun dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi CMC. Biodegradable film yang diproses menggunakan 1,0% gliserol dan 1,0% CMC memiliki daya mulur terendah hanya 109,90%. Kombinasi gliserol dan CMC ini selanjutnya digunakan untuk pembuatan biodegradable film yang ditambahkan minyak kelapa dan kalium sorbat. Biodegradable film yang diproses dengan penambahan minyak kelapa memiliki plastisitas yang lebih baik dibanding dengan penambahan kalium sorbat. Warna biodegradable film cenderung lebih kuning dibanding tanpa penambahan kalium sorbat. Biodegradable film yang dihasilkan dengan penambahan kalium sorbat dan minyak kelapa belum menunjukkan penghambatan terhadap Eschericchia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Kata kunci: Biodegradable film, pati sagu, gliserol, carboxymethil cellulose, kalium sorbat, minyak kelapa. ABSTRACT The objectives of the research was to evaluate physical properties, color, water vapor transmission rate and antimicrobial activity of sago-based biodegradable film made by adding of glycerol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), potassium sorbate and coconut oil. The research was conducted on two steps which did continuosly. During the first step the research was held on various of concentration of glycerol (1, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5%) and concentration of carboxymethil cellulose (CMC) (0.75; 1.0; 1.25 and 1.5 %). The formula which produced the best characteristic of biodegardable film was then used in the second step. In the second step of study, the antimicrobial material (coconut oil and potassium sorbate) were utilized in processing of sago-based biodegradable film. The concentration of potassium sorbate and coconut oil were (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) and (0, 0.3 dan 0.6%), respectively. The research results showed that, the biodegradable film obtained on 1.0% of glycerol and 1.0% of CMC having lowest elongation around 109.90%. It was then used for the second step for preparation of biodegradable film. Biodegradable film which were resulted by additon of coconut oil having plasticity better than the ones using potassium sorbate. Addition of pottasium sorbate effected the yelllow color of the biodegradable film. The biodegradable film prepared by utilized of potassium sorbate and oil were found not effectively to inhibit Eschericchia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: Biodegradable film, sago starch, glycerol, carboxymethyl cellulose, potassium sorbate, coconut oil. PENDAHULUAN negatif yang ditimbulkannya. Kemasan plastik tidak dapat diurai oleh mikroba, sehingga Plastik merupakan salah satu jenis kemasan merusak lingkungan. Saat ini telah berkembang yang sangat populer di masyarakat. Pemakaian penggunaan kemasan ramah lingkungan, di kemasan plastik yang makin meluas tidak antaranya kemasan yang mudah terurai dibarengi dengan kesadaran terhadap dampak (biodegradable film) (Talja et al., 2007). 1 Buletin Palma Volume 18 No. 1, Juni 2017: 1 - 7 Bahan dasar untuk pembuatan biodegradable edible film dengan menambahkan bahan anti- film adalah hidrokoloid dan lipid. Hidrokoloid mikroba alami dari ekstrak galangal sebanyak yang digunakan dapat berupa protein dalam 0,6-0,9%. Asam laurat merupakan asam lemak bentuk gelatin atau karbohidrat seperti pati, dominan pada minyak kelapa yang terbukti alginat, pektin, gum arab dan modifikasi karbo- memiliki kemampuan sebagai antimikroba (Enig, hidrat lainnya. Berbagai jenis bahan yang memiliki 1999). Kandungan asam laurat minyak kelapa kandungan pati tinggi telah digunakan sebagai sekitar 48,24% (Karouw et al., 2013) memungkin- bahan dasar pembuatan biodegradable film. Pati kan untuk digunakan sebagai bahan antimikroba sagu memiliki kelebihan sebagai bahan dasar pada pembuatan biodegradable film dari pati sagu. pembuatan biodegradable film karena mudah ter- Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui sifat fisik, gelatinisasi pada suhu rendah, memiliki viskositas warna dan laju transmisi uap air serta sifat yang tinggi, mudah untuk dicetak dan sineresis- antimikroba biodegradable film pati sagu dengan nya rendah (Anggraeni, 2011). penambahan gliserol, carboxymethyl cellulose Karakteristik biodegradable film sangat (CMC), kalium sorbat dan minyak kelapa. dipengaruhi oleh bahan dasar pati dan komposisi campurannya. Film berbahan pati dan pektin BAHAN DAN METODE memiliki elastisitas tinggi, tetapi bersifat rapuh sehingga mudah patah (Abdorreza et al., 2011) dan hidrofilik (sangat sensitif terhadap air). Karakter Penelitian dilaksanakan sejak bulan Maret- tersebut menyebabkan masalah apabila akan Desember 2015. Preparasi biodegradable film digunakan sebagai pengemas. Solusi yang dapat dilakukan di Laboratorium Pasca Panen, Balai dilakukan untuk memperbaiki sifat rapuh film Penelitian Tanaman Palma Mando. Analisis sifat berbahan pati, yaitu penambahan plasticizer yang fisik, warna dan laju transmisi uap air dilakukan di memiliki berat molekul rendah dan non volatil. Laboratorium Rekayasa, Jurusan Pengolahan Hasil Penambahan plasticizer dapat memperbaiki flek- Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, sibilitas dan kapasitas peregangan (stretch ability) Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Pengujian serta meningkatkan
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