Table Grapes

Draft policy review A categorisation of invertebrate and pathogen organisms associated with fresh table grape bunches (Vitis spp.) imported from other Australian states and territories

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Contributing authors Bennington JM Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Hammond NE Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Hooper RG Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Jackson SL Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Poole MC Research Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Tuten SJ Senior Policy Officer – Biosecurity and Regulation, Plant Biosecurity Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, December 2014

Document citation DAFWA 2014. A categorisation of invertebrate and pathogen organisms associated with fresh table grape bunches (Vitis spp.) imported from other Australian states and territories. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia. 300 pp., 271 refs. Copyright © Western Australian Agriculture Authority, 2014

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For further information or additional copies of this document, please contact: Marc Poole Plant Biosecurity Biosecurity and Regulation Department of Agriculture and Food 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth WA 6151 Telephone: +61 (0)8 9368 3224 Email: [email protected] Post: Locked Bag 4, Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983

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Contents

Overview ...... 1 Table 1 Pest categorisation summary ...... 2

Table 2 Quarantine pest invertebrates associated with fresh imported table grapes ...... 4 Table 3 Quarantine pest pathogens associated with fresh imported tablegrapes ...... 5

Methodology ...... 6 Introduction ...... 6

Determining an organisms quarantine pest status ...... 6 Association with viticulture in Australia ...... 6 Association with the table grape bunch pathway ...... 7 Potential to establish in Western Australia...... 7 Potential economic importance ...... 8 Final determination ...... 8 Pest categorisation of invertebrate organisms...... 9 Table 4 Snails and slugs associated with Australian viticulture ...... 9 Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture ...... 11 Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture ...... 27

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway ...... 111 Table 8 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (invertebrates) ...... 138

Pest categorisation of pathogen organisms ...... 147 Table 9 Bacteria and phytoplasma associated with Australian viticulture ...... 147 Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture ...... 153 Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture ...... 205 Table 12 Protozoa associated with Australian viticulture ...... 223 Table 13 Virus and viroids associated with Australian viticulture ...... 224 Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway ...... 235 Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens) ...... 259

References ...... 277

Overview Grape (Vitis spp.) fruit, seed and plant material have been prohibited entry into Western Australia from all sources for many years. The original prohibition was implemented due to concerns regarding phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifolii) and downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola). In 2008, Phomopsis viticola and grapevine fanleaf virus were identified as additional pests of concern and an alternative procedure under the Plant Diseases Act 1914 was adopted. This alternative procedure revoked the reference to downy mildew and included Phomopsis viticola and grapevine fanleaf virus as reasons for the restricted entry of grape fruit, seed and plants pending the oucome of a pest risk analysis. A regulation amendment was placed on hold pending the implementation of the Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act 2007 (BAM Act) and relevant regulations. Following the implementation of the BAM Act and Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Regulations 2013, downy mildew was declared by the Minister to be a permitted organism. Phylloxera, Phomopsis viticola and grapevine fanleaf virus were declared by the Minister to be prohibited organisms. A formal pest risk analysis (PRA) for the importation of fresh table grape bunches has now commenced. A PRA is the mechanism by which the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia's (DAFWA) Plant Biosecurity Policy Group considers biosecurity risks associated with the importation of fresh table grape bunches from other Australian states and territories. The identification of pest invertebrate and pathogen organisms of quarantine concern for Western Australia has been undertaken via a pest categorisation process (this document). The pest categorisation process identifies pest invertebrate and pathogen organisms that are:  absent from Western Australia  associated with the table grape bunch pathway  have potential to establish in Western Australia  would be of economic concern should they establish in Western Australia. The pest categorisation process has assessed 622 invertebrate and pathogen organisms associated with viticulture production in Australia. This review has determined that 14 invertebrate (Table 2) and 13 pathogen organisms (Table 3) not present in Western Australia have the potential to be present on table grape bunches imported into Western Australia from other Australian states and territories. These 27 organisms also have the potential to establish in Western Australia and be of economic importance should they establish. These 27 organisms satisfy the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) (FAO 1997) definition of a quarantine pest being: ‘A pest of potential economic importance to the area endangered thereby and not yet present there, or present but not widely distributed and being officially controlled.’ The quarantine pest invertebrate (Table 2) and pathogen (Table 3) organisms recognised in this pest categorisation require further analysis via the risk assessment component of the PRA. The PRA will evaluate the quarantine pest risk profile and determine the requirement and extent of any phytosanitary measures necessary to provide the appropriate level of protection for Western Australia, without unduly restricting trade of table grape bunches in accordance with the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement).

Table 1 Pest categorisation summary1

Organism Associated with Absent from Potential presence Potential to Potential for Quarantine group Australian Western Australia on the tablegrape establish economic pest species viticulture or of regional pathway consequences concern

Snails 5 0 Not assessed Not assessed Not assessed 0

Mites/spiders 56 12 5 4 1 1

Insects 282 119 28 20 13 13

Total 343 131 33 24 14 14 invertebrates

No data in this row

Bacteria & 17 2 0 Not assessed Not assessed 0 Phytoplasmas

Fungi 168 68 23 19 8 8

Nematodes 66 32 0 Not assessed Not assessed 0

Protozoa 1 1 0 Not assessed Not assessed 0

1 Numbers include organisms with incomplete categorisation.

Table 1 Pest categorisation summary1

Viruses & 27 15 11 6 5 5 Viroids

Total 279 118 34 25 13 13 pathogens

No data in this row

Total 622 249 67 49 27 27 organisms

Table 2 Quarantine pest invertebrates associated with fresh imported table grapes

Common name Scientific name Citrophilus mealybug Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell, 1897) Citrus planthopper Colgar peracutum (Walker, 1858) Crusader bug Graptostethus sp. European fruit lecanium scale Parthenolecanium corni corni (Bouché, 1844) European wasp Vespula germanica (Fabricus, 1793) Flat grain beetle Cryptolestes pusillus (Schönherr 1878) BAMA (s22) declared pest Grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch, 1855)

Kanzawa spider mite Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, 1927

Metallic shield bug Scutiphora pedicellata (Kirby, 1826)

Peach white scale Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti, 1886)

Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tryoni (Froggatt, 1897) Spanish red scale Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan, 1889) Native tussock moth Euproctis paradoxa (Butler, 1886) Warehouse beetle Trogoderma variabile Ballion 1878 BAMA (s22) declared pest

Table 3 Quarantine pest pathogens associated with fresh imported tablegrapes

Common name Scientific name

Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 Apscaviroid Grapevine yellow speckle viroid (GYSVd) strain 1

Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2 Apscaviroid Grapevine yellow speckle viroid (GYSVd) strain 2

- Botryosphaeria iberica A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & A. Alves, 2005

- Botryosphaeria sarmentosum A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & A. Alves, 2005

Sooty mould Capnodium elongatum Berk. & Desm., 1849

Bitter rot Greeneria uvicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Punith. 1974

Hop stunt viroid Hostuviroid Hop stunt viroid (HSVd)

Grapevine fanleaf virus Nepovirus Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV)

- Pestalotiopsis menezesiana (Bres. & Torrend) Bissett, 1983

- Pestalotiopsis uvicola (Speg.) Bissett 1983

Phomopsis cane and leaf spot Phomopsis viticola (Sacc.) Sacc., 1915

- Pilidiella castaneicola (Ellis & Everh)

Citrus exocortis viroid Posipiviroid Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd)

Methodology Introduction The categorisation of invertebrate and pathogen species (candidate organism) is a component of the policy review for fresh table grape bunches imported into Western Australia from other states and territories. The categorisation of candidate organisms establishes the quarantine pest status for these organisms. The methodology employed to determine quarantine pest status conforms to the International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) 2 Framework for Pest Risk Analysis and ISPM 11 Pest Risk Analysis of Quarantine Pests (FAO 2013). The methodology is also in accordance with the methodology outlined by the Australian Department of Agriculture’s predecessor Biosecurity Australia in the Guidelines for Import Risk Analysis (BA 2001). The internationally accepted criteria of a quarantine pest species has been defined in the International Plant Protection Convention (FAO 1997) as: ‘A pest of potential economic importance to the area endangered thereby and not yet present there, or present but not widely distributed and being officially controlled’, where:  Area is defined as an ‘officially defined country, part of a country or all or parts of several countries’ (FAO 2010).  Potential economic importance is determined by ‘clear indications that the pest is likely to have an unacceptable economic impact (including environmental impact) in the PRA area’ (FAO 2013).  Endangered area is defined as ‘an area where ecological factors favour the establishment of a pest whose presence in the area will result in economically important loss’ (FAO 2010). The categorisation of candidate organisms also establishes their association with table grape bunches. Pest categorisation does not establish a risk profile for a quarantine pest species; this is undertaken in the risk assessment component of a pest risk analysis (PRA).

Determining an organisms quarantine pest status Association with viticulture in Australia A list of candidate organisms associated with viticulture production is compiled based on information obtained from:  organism lists provided by state/territory plant protection officers  a review of Commonwealth2, scientific, industry and other literature  a review of relevant internet sources

2 Commonwealth import risk analyses are reviewed to identify pests that are present in Australia and associated with table grape bunches in other countries but not from Australian table grape bunches. Commonwealth publications reviewed include import risk analyses for table grapes from Chile (BA 2005), China (BA 2011a), Japan (ADoA 2014) and Korea (BA 2011b) and the USA (AQIS 1999; DAFF 2013).

 a review of invertebrate and pathogen specimens residing in collections within Australia  seeking expert opinion. The candidate organism lists include:  A taxonomy review to establish the candidate organisms current accepted name.  A verifying reference establishing the presence or absence of the candidate organism from an Australia state or territory.  A verifying reference establishing the presence or absence of the candidate organism in Western Australia. A candidate organism that is present in Western Australia is ineligible for consideration as a ‘quarantine pest species’, unless under official control, and is not considered for further evaluation. A list of candidate organisms associated with viticulture production in Australia is presented in Table 4 to Table 6 for invertebrate organisms and Table 9 to Table 13 for pathogen organisms. Any candidate organisms not present in Western Australia are assessed further for any association with the table grape bunch pathway.

Association with the table grape bunch pathway A candidate organism’s association with the table grape pathway is evaluated and presented in Table 7 (invertebrates) and in Table 14 (plant pathogens). This evaluation includes a brief referenced statement regarding the potential of the candidate organism’s association with the table grape pathway. Candidate organism’s are listed as having a ‘Likely’ or ‘Unlikely’ pathway association. Candidate organisms having an unlikely pathway association are not considered further. An unlikely association with the table grape pathway would result in a ‘negligible’ likelihood of importation should the candidate organism be considered further in the PRA. Where a negligible likelihood occurs in a pest risk assessment, combining any other likelihood will result in a negligible overall probability of entry, establishment and spread. Combining a negligible overall probability of entry, establishment and spread with any estimate of economic impact would result in an unrestricted risk estimate not exceeding the appropriate level of protection (ALOP) of ‘very low’. In some instances a candidate organism may be considered as having an unlikely pathway association if the pathway reference is very old and no recent records have been found, or where only single records for pathway associations were found. Any candidate organisms not present in Western Australia and likely to be associated with the table grape bunch pathway are assessed further for their potential to establish and have an unacceptable economic impact (including environmental impact) in Western Australia. Potential to establish in Western Australia A candidate organism’s potential to establish within endangered areas in Western Australia is evaluated and presented in Table 8 (invertebrates) and in Table 15 (plant pathogens). An assumption is given that if a host plant is present in Western Australia then some potential exists for candidate organisms to establish within endangered areas in Western Australia. If the potential to establish within endangered areas in Western Australia is assessed to be ‘unlikely’ the candidate organism is not considered further.

Potential economic importance A candidate organisms potential economic importance should it establish within endangered areas of Western Australia is evaluated and presented in Table 8 for invertebrate organisms and in Table 15 for pathogen organisms. If the potential economic importance should it establish within endangered areas in Western Australia is assessed to be ‘unlikely’ the candidate organism is not considered further.

Final determination Any candidate organisms not meeting the criteria assessed in the pest categorisation phase are not considered a quarantine pest associated with the table grape pathway and are not evaluated further. Candidate species meeting all criteria for a quarantine pest are eligible for further evaluation through the pest risk assessment process and are presented in Table 2 for invertebrate organisms and Table 3 for pathogen organisms. Once the quarantine pest status has been validated for a candidate species they undergo pest risk assessment and comparison with the Appropriate Level of Protection (ALOP). For organisms with an unrestricted risk exceeding the ALOP, DAFWA proposes phytosanitary measures that are the least restrictive to trade. This work is undertaken in the pest risk analysis report.

Pest categorisation of invertebrate organisms

Table 4 Snails and slugs associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Higher classification Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution (if yes go to Table 7)

Stylommatophora: Deroceras reticulatum (Müller, 1774) Kerruish 1997a WA (ABRS 2013) no Agriolimacidae Qld (ABRS 2013) reticulated slug NSW (ABRS 2013) Vic. (ABRS 2013) Tas. (ABRS 2013) SA (ABRS 2013)

Stylommatophora: Cornu aspersum (Müller, 1774) also recorded as Fisher & Learmonth 2012 WA (ABRS 2013) no Helicidae Helix aspersa and Cantareus aspersa Qld (ABRS 2013) NSW (ABRS 2013) common garden snail Vic. (ABRS 2013) Tas. (ABRS 2013) SA (ABRS 2013)

Stylommatophora: Cernuella (Cernuella) virgata (Da Costa, 1778) Furness 2003c WA (ABRS 2013) no Helicidae NSW (ABRS 2013) also recorded as Cernuella virgata Vic. (ABRS 2013) common white snail SA (ABRS 2013)

Table 4 Snails and slugs associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Higher classification Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution (if yes go to Table 7)

Stylommatophora: Prietocella barbara (Linnaeus, 1785) Furness 2003c WA (ABRS 2013) no Helicidae NSW (ABRS 2013) also recorded as Cochlicella barbara Vic. (ABRS 2013) small conical snail Tas. (ABRS 2013) SA (ABRS 2013)

Stylommatophora: Theba pisana (Müller, 1774) Fisher & Learmonth 2012 WA (ABRS 2013) no Helicidae NSW (ABRS 2013) white Italian snail Vic. (ABRS 2013) Tas. (ABRS 2013) SA (ABRS 2013)

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Araneae: Misumena spp. DAFF 2013 Aust (DAFF 2013) yes Thomisidae crab spider

Mesostigmata: Amblydromalus limonicus (Garman & McGregor, Whitney & James 1996 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae 1956) Qld (UQIC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Amblyseius lailae & Typhlodromalus lailae predatory mite

Mesostigmata: Amblydromella applegum (Schicha, 1983) Whitney & James 1996 NSW (ASCU 2013) yes Phytoseiidae also recorded as Typhlodromus applegum predatory mite

Mesostigmata: Amblydromella brisbanensis (Schicha, 1979) ASCU 2013 Qld (UQIC 2013) yes Phytoseiidae NSW (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Typhlodromus brisbanensis predatory mite

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Mesostigmata: Amblyseius cabonus group ASCU 2013 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae predatory mite

Mesostigmata: Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant, 1959) Whitney & James 1996 Qld (ASCU 2013) yes Phytoseiidae NSW (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Amblyseius deleoni NT (ASCU 2013) predatory mite

Mesostigmata: Amblyseius lentiginosus Denmark & Schicha, 1975 James & Whitney 1991 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae QLD (ASCU 2013) predatory mite NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (ASCU 2013) Tas. (ASCU 2013) NT (ASCU 2013)

Mesostigmata: Amblyseius sturti group ASCU 2013 NSW (ASCU 2013) yes Phytoseiidae predatory mite

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Mesostigmata: Amblyseius waltersi Schicha, 1981 Whitney & James 1996 Qld (ASCU 2013) yes Phytoseiidae NSW (ASCU 2013) predatory mite Vic. (ASCU 2013) Tas. (ASCU 2013)

Mesostigmata: Australiseiulus australicus (Womersley, 1954) Whitney & James 1996 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae Qld (UQIC 2013) also recorded as Typhlodromus australicus NSW (ASCU 2013) predatory mite Vic. (ASCU 2013)

Mesostigmata: Clavidromus transvaalensis (Nesbitt, 1951) Whitney & James 1996 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae Qld (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Typhlodromus transvaalensis NSW (ASCU 2013) predatory mite Vic. (ASCU 2013) SA (ASCU 2013)

Mesostigmata: Euseius elinae (Schicha, 1977) Whitney & James 1996 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae NSW (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Amblyseius elinae Vic. (ASCU 2013) predatory mite SA (ASCU 2013)

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Mesostigmata: Euseius victoriensis (Wormersley, 1954) James & Whitney 1991 WA (ICDb 2013) no Phytoseiidae Qld (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Amblyseius victoriensis NSW (ASCU 2013) predatory mite Vic. (ASCU 2013) Tas. (WINC 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (ASCU 2013)

Mesostigmata: Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt, 1951) James & Whitney 1991 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae Qld (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Typhlodromus occidentalis NSW (ASCU 2013) predatory mite Vic. (ASCU 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Mesostigmata: Gynaeseius christinae (Schicha, 1981) Whitney & James 1996 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae Tas. (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Amblyseius christinae & Indoseiulus christinae predatory mite

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Mesostigmata: Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes, 1948 James & Whitney 1991 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae Qld (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Amblyseius masiaka NSW (ASCU 2013) predatory mite Vic. (ASCU 2013) Tas. (ASCU 2013) NT (ASCU 2013)

Mesostigmata: Neoseiulus bellinus (Womersley, 1954) Whitney & James 1996 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae Qld (UQIC 2013) also recorded as Amblyseius bellinus NSW (ASCU 2013) predatory mite Vic. (ASCU 2013) Tas. (ASCU 2013)

Mesostigmata: Neoseiulus dieteri (Schicha, 1979) James & Whitney 1991 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae NSW (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Amblyseius dieteri Vic. (ASCU 2013) predatory mite

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Mesostigmata: Neoseiulus harveyi (McMurtry & Schicha, 1987) Whitney & James 1996 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae Qld (UQIC 2013) also recorded as Amblyseius harveyi & NSW (ASCU 2013) Phytodromus harveyi predatory mite

Mesostigmata: Neoseiulus helmi (Schicha, 1987) James & Whitney 1991 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae NSW (ASCU 2013) as recorded as Amblyseius helmi VIC. (ASCU 2013) predatory mite SA (ASCU 2013)

Mesostigmata: Neoseiulus loxtoni (Schicha, 1979) James & Whitney 1991 NSW (ASCU 2013) yes Phytoseiidae Vic. (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Amblyseius loxtoni SA (ASCU 2013) predatory mite

Mesostigmata: Neoseiulus noosae (McMurtry & Schicha, 1987) Whitney & James 1996 QLD (ASCU 2013) yes Phytoseiidae NSW (ASCU 2013) predatory mite

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Mesostigmata: Neoseiulus thwaitei (Schicha, 1977) Whitney & James 1996 NSW (ASCU 2013) yes Phytoseiidae also recorded as Amblyseius thwaitei predatory mite

Mesostigmata: Neoseiulus vanderlindei (Van der Merwe, 1965) Whitney & James 1996 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae NSW (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Amblyseius tareensis Tas. (ASCU 2013) predatory mite

Mesostigmata: Neoseiulus wearnei_near ASCU 2013 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae Vic. (ASCU 2013) predatory mite

Mesostigmata: Phytoseiulus fotheringhamiae Denmark & Schicha, Whitney & James 1996 WA (Schicha 1987) no Phytoseiidae 1975 Qld (ASCU 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) predatory mite Vic. (ASCU 2013) Tas. (ASCU 2013)

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Mesostigmata: Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot, 1957 James & Charles 2003 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae Qld (ASCU 2013) predatory mite NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (ASCU 2013) Tas. (ASCU 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Mesostigmata: Phytoseius hongkongensis Swirski & Shechter, ASCU 2013 Qld (UQIC 2013) yes Phytoseiidae 1961 NSW (ASCU 2013) NT (UQIC 2013) predatory mite

Mesostigmata: Phytoseius woolwichensis Schicha, 1977 ASCU 2013 Qld (UQIC 2013) yes Phytoseiidae NSW (ASCU 2013) predatory mite Vic. (UQIC 2013)

Mesostigmata: Proprioseiopsis messor (Wainstein, 1960) Whitney & James 1996 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae Qld (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Amblyseius messor NSW (ASCU 2013) predatory mite Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (ASCU 2013) SA (ASCU 2013)

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Mesostigmata: Proprioseiopsis peltatus (Van der Merwe, 1968) ASCU 2013 Qld (ASCU 2013) yes Phytoseiidae NSW (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Proprioseiopsis ovatus predatory mite

Mesostigmata: Typhlodromus doreenae Schicha, 1987 James & Whitney 1991 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae Qld (ASCU 2013) predatory mite NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (ASCU 2013) Tas. (ASCU 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Mesostigmata: Typhlodromus dossei Schicha, 1979 Whitney & James 1996 WA (ASCU 2013) no Phytoseiidae Qld (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Amblydromella dossei NSW (ASCU 2013) predatory mite Vic. (ASCU 2013) Tas. (ASCU 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Trombidiformes: Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa, 1905) Fisher & Learmonth WA (ASCU 2013) no Eriophyidae 2012 Qld (Brough et al. grapeleaf rust mite 1996b) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Trombidiformes: Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher, 1857) Fisher & Learmonth WA (ASCU 2013) no Eriophyidae 2012 Qld (Brough et al. grape leaf blister mite 1996b) grape bud mite NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (Hunt 1975) SA (WINC 2013)

Trombidiformes: Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead, 1879) Kerruish 1997a WA (Woods et al. no Eriophyidae 1996) citrus rust mite Qld (Smith et al. 1997) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (Smith et al. 1997) SA (Smith et al. 1997) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Trombidiformes: Phytonemus pallidus (Banks, 1899) BA 2011b WA (ASCU 2009) no Tarsonemidae cyclamen mite ADoA 2014 NSW (ASCU 2014)

Trombidiformes: Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks, 1904) Hely et al. 1982 WA (ICDb 2013) no Tarsonemidae Qld (ASCU 2013) broad mite NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Trombidiformes: Brevipalpus californicus (Banks, 1904) James & Charles 2003 WA (ICDb 2013) no Tenuipalpidae Qld (Smith et al. 1997) grape bunch mite NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Trombidiformes: Brevipalpus lewisi McGregor, 1949 Buchanan et al. 1980 WA (D Knihinicki no Tenuipalpidae 2011, pers. citrus flat mite comm. 19 Oct.) Qld (Brough et al. 1996b) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (JD Swan 2011, pers. comm.)

Trombidiformes: Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu, 1875 BA 2005 WA (ASCU 2014) no Tenuipalpidae Qld (Walter 1999) privet mite ADoA 2014 NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014)

Trombidiformes: Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) ADoA 2014 WA (Slaven 2014) no Tenuipalpidae Qld (Walter 1999) passionvine mite NSW (ASCU 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Trombidiformes: Bryobia praetiosa Koch, 1835 BA 2005 WA (ICDb 2014) no Tetranychidae NSW (ASCU 2014) clover mite BA 2011b Vic. (VAIC 2014) ADoA 2014 SA (WINC 2014)

Trombidiformes: Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten, 1857) BA 2005 WA (Gutierrez & no Tetranychidae Schicha 1983) bryobia mite ADoA 2014 Qld (Gutierrez & Schicha 1983) NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas (Gutierrez & Schicha 1983) SA (WINC 2014)

Trombidiformes: Eotetranychus sexmaculatus (Riley, 1890) ASCU 2013 WA (ASCU 2013) no Tetranychidae Qld (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Eotetranychus sexmaculatus_near NSW (ASCU 2013) six spotted mite SA (ASCU 2013)

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Trombidiformes: Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein, 1936) UQIC 2013 WA (UQIC 2013) no Tetranychidae Qld (UQIC 2013) Oriental red mite NT (ASCU 2013)

Trombidiformes: Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner, 1861) Jeppson et al. 1975 WA (Poole et al. 1998) no Tetranychidae QLD (ASCU 2013) tea red spider mite NSW (ASCU 2013) Tas. (Gutierrez & Schicha 1983) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Trombidiformes: Oligonychus punicae BA 2005 NT (NTEIC 2014) yes Tetranychidae avocado brown mite

Trombidiformes: Panonychus citri (McGregor, 1916) BA 2005 NSW (ASCU 2014) yes Tetranychidae citrus red mite BA 2011b ADoA 2014

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Trombidiformes: Panonychus ulmi (Koch,1835) James & Charles 2003 WA (ASCU 2013) no Tetranychidae Qld (Thwaite 1991) European red mite NSW (VAIC 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (VAIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Trombidiformes: Petrobia latens (Müller, 1776) BA 2005 WA (Murray et al. no Tetranychidae 2013) brown wheat mite ADoA 2014 Qld (Broadley 1982) NSW (ASCU 2014) Tas. (Miller 1966)

Trombidiformes: Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, 1927 BA 2011b Qld (Gutierrez & yes Tetranychidae Schicha 1983) kanzawa spider mite ADoA 2014 NSW (Gutierrez & Kondo 2004 Schicha 1983)

Trombidiformes: Tetranychus lambi Pritchard & Baker, 1955 ASCU 2013 WA (UQIC 2013) no Tetranychidae Qld (UQIC 2013) banana spider mite NSW (ASCU 2013)

Table 5 Mites and spiders associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Trombidiformes: Tetranychus ludeni Zacher, 1913 BA 2005 WA (UQIC 2014) no Tetranychidae Qld (UQIC 2014) bean spider mite ADoA 2014 NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (UQIC 2014) SA (WINC 2014) Tas. (Gutierrez & Schicha 1983)

Trombidiformes: Tetranychus neocaledonicus (André, 1933) UQIC 2013 WA (UQIC 2013) no Tetranychidae Qld (UQIC 2013) vegetable spider mite NSW (ASCU 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Trombidiformes: Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 Fisher & Learmonth WA (UQIC 2013) no Tetranychidae 2012 Qld (UQIC 2013) two-spotted spider mite NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) TAS. (TPPD 2011) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Bostrychopsis jesuita (Fabricius, 1755) Goodwin et al. 2003 WA (ICDb 2013) no Bostrichidae Qld (QDPC 2013) large auger beetle NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Sinoxylon sp. BA 2011a WA (WACALM 2014) yes Bostrichidae Qld (UQIC 2014) auger beetle NSW (ASCU 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (ANIC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Coleoptera: Sinoxylon anale Lesne, 1897 JD Swan 2011, pers. NT (NTEIC 2013) yes Bostrichidae comm. auger beetle

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Tristaria grouvellei Reitter, 1878 ASCU 2013 WA (ANICDb 2013) no Bostrichidae Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (QDPC 2013) Vic. (ANICDb 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Xylobosca decisa Lesne, 1906 ASCU 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Bostrichidae NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (UQIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Xylopsocus capucinus (Fabricius, 1781) ADoA 2014 Qld (ASCU 2014) yes Bostrichidae Lesne 1924 cited in NSW (ASCU 2014) false powderpost beetle Fischer 1950; Woodruff NT (ANIC 2014) et al. 2014

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Xylopsocus gibbicollis (Macleay, 1872) Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2013) no Bostrichidae 2012 Qld (QDPC 2013) common auger beetle NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Xylothrips flavipes (Illiger, 1801) ADoA 2014 Qld (ANIC 2014) yes Bostrichidae NSW (ASCU 2014) auger beetle Vic (FCNI 2014) NT (ANIC 2014)

Coleoptera: Chauliognathus lugubris (Fabricius, 1801) ASCU 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Cantharidae Qld (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Chauliognathus pulchellus NSW (ASCU 2013) plague soldier beetle Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (ICDb 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Acalolepta mixta (Hope, 1841) Goodwin et al. 2003 WA (ICDb 2013) no Cerambycidae Qld (UQIC 2013) also recorded as Acalolepta vastator and NSW (ASCU 2013) Monohammus mixus Vic. (Goodwin et al. fig longicorn 1994) SA (Goodwin et al. 1994) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Chlorophorus annulare (Fabricius, 1787) Mattson et al. 2007 Qld (QDPC 2014) yes Cerambycidae NSW (ASCU 2014) bamboo longicorn beetle ADoA 2014 Vic. (VAIC 2014) BA 2011b

Coleoptera: Didymocantha obliqua Newman, 1840 ASCU 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Cerambycidae NSW (ASCU 2013)

Coleoptera: Penthea (Penthea) pardalis (Newman, 1842) ASCU 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Cerambycidae Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Platyomopsis egena ASCU 2013 WA (ASCU 2013) no Cerambycidae Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (ASCU 2013)

Coleoptera: Altica gravida (Blackburn, 1896) ASCU 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Chrysomelidae NSW (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Haltica gravida Vic. (VAIC 2013) metallic flea beetle Tas. (ASCU 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Arsipoda chrysis (Olivier, 1808) ASCU 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Chrysomelidae NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (ASCU 2013) Tas. (ASCU 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Colaspoides foveiventris Lea, 1915 QDPC 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Chrysomelidae lucerne leafeating beetle

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Colaspoides picticornis Lea, 1915 QDPC 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Chrysomelidae

Coleoptera: Monolepta australis (Jacoby, 1882) Kerruish 1997a WA (ICDb 2013) no Chrysomelidae Qld (QDPC 2013) redshouldered leaf beetle NSW (ASCU 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Monolepta divisa Blackburn, 1888 Hely et al. 1982 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Chrysomelidae NSW (ASCU 2013) small monolepta beetle Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Oulema (Oulema) rufotincta (Clark, 1866) ASCU 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Chrysomelidae Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Rhyparida dimidiata Baly, 1861 QDPC 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Chrysomelidae NSW (ASCU 2013) sugarcane leaf beetle

Coleoptera: Scelodonta brevipilis Lea, 1915 QDPC 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Chrysomelidae

Coleoptera: Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller 1766) DAFF 2013 NSW (ASCU 2014) yes Chrysomelidae Vic. (Lefoe et al. 2014) elm leaf beetle Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (Lefoe et al. 2014)

Coleoptera: Coccinella transversalis Fabricius, 1781 BA 2011b WA (ICDb 2014) no Coccinellidae Qld (QDPC 2014) transverse ladybird NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Cryptolaemus montrouzieri montrouzieri Mulsant, Furness & Charles 2003 WA (VAIC 2013) no Coccinellidae 1853 Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (FCNI 2013) also recorded as Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Vic. (VAIC 2013) mealybug ladybird SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Micraspis frenata (Erichson, 1842) ASCU 2013 WA (ASCU 2013) no Coccinellidae Qld (QDPC 2013) striped ladybird beetle NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Rhizobius hirtellus Crotch, 1874 Furness & Charles 2003 SA (Furness 1976) yes Coccinellidae also recorded as Rhizobius ruficollis ladybird beetle

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Stethorus spp. James & Charles 2003 WA (ICDb 2013) no Coccinellidae 3 species present in Aust, all 3 species (S. histrio, Qld (QDPC 2013) nigripes & S. vagans) present in WA NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) ladybird beetle Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (ASCU 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Ambrosiodmus rubricollis Wood & Bright, 1992 BA 2011b WA absent yes Curculionidae bark beetle ADoA 2014 Aust (Rabaglia et al. 2006 cited in ADoA 2014)

Coleoptera: Asynonychus cervinus (Boheman, 1840) TPPD 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Curculionidae Qld (QDPC 2013) also recorded as Pantomorus cervinus NSW (ASCU 2013) Fuller's rose weevil Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Atrichonotus minimus Blanchard, 1851 ASCU 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Curculionidae NSW (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Atrichonotus taeniatulus small lucerne weevil

Coleoptera: Axionicus insignis Pascoe, 1869 ASCU 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Curculionidae NSW (ASCU 2013) Currajong weevil Vic. (VAIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Cryptolestes pusillus (Schönherr 1878) DAFF 2013 WA (Moulden 1979) yes Curculionidae Qld (QDPC 2014) flat grain beetle NSW (ASCU 2014) BAMA (s22) declared pest Tas. (TPPD 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Coleoptera: Dryocoetiops coffeae (Eggers, 1923) BA 2011a WA absent yes Curculionidae Aust (ABRS 2009) bark beetle

Coleoptera: Ecrizothis inaequalis Blackburn, 1899 Kerruish 1997a Vic. (VAIC 2011) yes Curculionidae gooseberry weevil

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Ethemaia sellata Pascoe, 1883 ASCU 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Curculionidae Qld (QDPC 2013) greybanded leaf weevil NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Graphognathus leucoloma (Boheman) Sainty 1991 WA (ICDb 2013) no Curculionidae Qld (QDPC 2013) also recorded as Naupactus leucoloma NSW (ASCU 2013) whitefringed weevil Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood, 1836 ADoA 2014 Qld (QDPC 2014) yes Curculionidae NSW (FCNI 2014) shot-hole wood borer BA 2011a BA 2011b Mitchell & Maddox 2010

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Hypurus bertrandi (Perris 1852) DAFF 2013 Qld (McFadyen 1994) yes Curculionidae portulaca leafmining weevil

Coleoptera: Leptopius robustus (Boheman) VAIC 2011 NSW (UQIC 2013) yes Curculionidae Vic. (VAIC 2013) fruit-tree root weevil SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Leptopius squalidus Boheman Kerruish 1997a Qld (ASCU 2013) yes Curculionidae NSW (ASCU 2013) fruit tree root weevil Vic. (ASCU 2013) SA (ASCU 2013)

Coleoptera: Lixus mastersi Pascoe ASCU 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Curculionidae Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Mandalotus sp. ICDb 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) yes Curculionidae Qld (QDPC 2013) mandalotus weevil NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Notiosomus sp. ICDb 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) yes Curculionidae Qld (QDPC 2013)

Coleoptera: Orthorhinus cylindrirostris Schoenherr, 1825 Goodwin et al. 2003 WA (ICDb 2013) no Curculionidae Qld (QDPC 2013) elephant weevil NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Orthorhinus klugi Boheman ASCU 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Curculionidae NSW (ASCU 2013) vine weevil Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Otiorhynchus cribricollis (Gyllenhal) Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2013) no Curculionidae 2012 Qld (ANICDb 2013) apple weevil NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (ASCU 2013) SA (ASCU 2013)

Coleoptera: Otiorhynchus (Zustalestus) rugosostriatus (Goeze BA 2005 NSW (ANIC 2014) yes Curculionidae 1777) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) rough strawberry weevil

Coleoptera: Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius, 1775) Bailey & Furness 2003 NSW (ASCU 2013) yes Curculionidae Vic. (VAIC 2013) black vine weevil SA (WINC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Perperus innocuus Boheman, 1842 ASCU 2013 NSW (ASCU 2013) yes Curculionidae broad-backed vine weevil

Coleoptera: Perperus lateralis Lea, 1908 Kerruish 1997a NSW (ASCU 2013) yes Curculionidae Vic. (ASCU 2013) white striped weevil

Coleoptera: Phlyctinus callosus Schöenherr, 1834 Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2013) no Curculionidae 2012 NSW (ASCU 2013) garden weevil Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal, 1834 ASCU 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Curculionidae Qld (ANICDb 2013) sitona weevil NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Steriphus caudatus (Pascoe) Kerruish 1997a NSW (ASCU 2013) no Curculionidae Vic. (UQIC 2013) spinetailed weevil SA (ASCU 2013)

Coleoptera: Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg, 1837) BA 2011b WA (Abbott 1995) no Curculionidae Qld (QDPC 2014) also recorded as Xyleborus saxesenii (Ratzeburg, NSW (ASCU 2014) 1837) Vic (TPPD 2014) Tas. (TFIC 2014)

Coleoptera: Attagenus (Attagenus) unicolor (Brahm, 1791) ASCU 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Dermestidae NSW (ASCU 2013) black carpet beetle Vic. (QDPC 2013)

Coleoptera: Trogoderma variabile Ballion 1878 DAFF 2013 WA (ICDb 2014) yes Dermestidae NSW (ASCU 2014) warehouse beetle Vic. (VAIC 2014) BAMA (s22) declared pest SA (WINC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Agrypnus sp. VAIC 2011 WA (ICDb 2013) yes Elateridae Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Conoderus sp. VAIC 2011 WA (ICDb 2013) yes Elateridae Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (FCNI 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TFIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Glyphochilus championi Candèze, 1882 ICDb 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Elateridae

Coleoptera: Corticaria japonica (Reitter) VAIC 2011 Vic. (VAIC 2013) yes Lathridiidae Tas. (TPPD 2013) minute mould beetle

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Aethina concolor (Macleay) ASCU 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Nitidulidae NSW (ASCU 2013) hibiscus flower beetle Vic. (VAIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Carpophilus dimidiatus (Fabricius, 1792) Buchanan et al. 1984 WA (ICDb 2013) no Nitulidae Qld (QDPC 2013) driedfruit beetle NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (Buchanan et al. 1984) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Carpophilus hemipterus (Linnaeus, 1758) Buchanan et al. 1984 WA (ICDb 2013) no Nitulidae Qld (QDPC 2013) driedfruit beetle NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Carpophilus humeralis (Fabricius,1758) Buchanan et al. 1984 WA (ICDb 2013) no Nitulidae Qld (QDPC 2013) also recorded as Urophorus humeralis NSW (ASCU 2013) driedfruit beetle Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Anoplognathus velutinus Boisduval, 1835 VAIC 2011 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Scarabaeidae NSW (ASCU 2013) christmas beetle Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Apogonia sp. JD Swan 2011, pers. Qld (ANICDb 2013) yes Scarabaeidae comm. NT (JD Swan 2011, pers. comm.)

Coleoptera: Dilochrosis atripennis (Macleay, 1863) ASCU 2013 WA (ANIC 2013) no Scarabaeidae Qld (QDPC 2013) flower chafer NSW (ASCU 2013) NT (ANIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Diphucephala colaspidoides (Gyllenhal, 1817) VAIC 2011 NSW (ASCU 2013) yes Scarabaeidae Vic. (VAIC 2013) green scarab beetle Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Diphucephala nigritarsis Lea 1917 ASCU 2013 NSW (ASCU 2013) yes Scarabaeidae green scarab beetle

Coleoptera: Diphucephala nitidicollis Macleay, 1886 ASCU 2013 NSW (ASCU 2013) yes Scarabaeidae green scarab beetle

Coleoptera: Diphucephala pulchella Waterhouse, 1837 ASCU 2013 NSW (ASCU 2013) yes Scarabaeidae Vic. (VAIC 2013) also recorded as Diphucephala smaragdula Tas. (TPPD 2013) green scarab beetle

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Heteronychus arator (Fabricius, 1775) Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2013) no Scarabaeidae 2012 Qld (QDPC 2013) African black beetle NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Neodon pecuarius (Reiche, 1860) VAIC 2011 WA (ICDb 2013) no Scarabaeidae Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (WINC 2013) Tas. (UQIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (BSES 2013)

Coleoptera: Phyllotocus sp. QDPC 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) yes Scarabaeidae Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (ASCU 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Ahasverus advena (Waltl, 1832) ASCU 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Silvanidae Qld (QDPC 2013) foreign grain beetle NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Coleoptera: Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, 1758) AQIS 1999 WA (ICDb 2013) yes Silvanidae Qld (QDPC 2013) saw toothed grain beetle NSW (ASCU 2013) BAMA (s22) Declared Pest Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Coleoptera: Philonthus spp. Stephens, 1829 DAFF 2013 WA (ICDb 2014) yes Staphylinidae Qld (Roth et al. 1991) rove beetle Tas. (TPPD 2014)

Coleoptera: Adelium tenebroides Erichson, 1842 VAIC 2011 Vic. (VAIC 2013) yes Tenebrionidae Tas. (TPPD 2013) also recorded as Adelium tenebrioides

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Coleoptera: Echnolagria sp. TPPD 2013 WA (Matthews & yes Tenebrionidae Bouchard 2008) Qld (Matthews & Bouchard 2008) Vic. (Matthews & Bouchard 2008) Tas. (TPPD 2013) NT (Matthews & Bouchard 2008)

Coleoptera: Gonocephalum elderi (Blackburn, 1892) ICDb 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Tenebrionidae vegetable weevil

Dermaptera: Forficula auricularia Linnaeus, 1758 Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2013) no Forficulidae 2012 NSW (Hely et al. 1982) European earwig Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Diptera: Drosophila (Sophophora) melanogaster Meigen, 1830 Furness 2003b WA (Evenhuis 1989) no Drosophilidae Qld (Evenhuis 1989) ferment fly NSW (Evenhuis 1989) Vic. (Evenhuis 1989) Tas. (Evenhuis 1989) SA (Evenhuis 1989) NT (Evenhuis 1989)

Diptera: Drosophila (Sophophora) simulans Sturtevant, 1919 Furness 2003b WA (Evenhuis 1989) no Drosophilidae NSW (Evenhuis 1989) ferment fly Qld (Evenhuis 1989) Vic. (Evenhuis 1989)

Diptera: Psychoda alternata Say, 1824 DAFF 2013 NSW (Evenhuis 1989) yes Psychodidae Tas. (Evenhuis 1989) moth fly

Diptera: Eristalinus (Lathyrophthalmus) aeneus (Scopoli, 1763) DAFF 2013 NSW (Evenhuis 1989) yes Syrphidae Vic. (Evenhuis 1989) hover fly

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Diptera: Tephritidae Bactrocera (Bactrocera) aquilonis (May, 1965) JD Swan 2011, pers. WA (ICDb 2013) no comm. Qld (ICDb 2013) Northern Territory fruit fly NT (NTEIC 2013)

Diptera: Tephritidae Bactrocera (Bactrocera) neohumeralis (Hardy, 1951) White & Elson-Harris Qld (QDPC 2013) yes 1992 NSW (ASCU 2013) lesser Queensland fruit fly

Diptera: Tephritidae Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tryoni (Froggatt, 1897) Jessup et al. 1998 WA Eradicated yes Qld (QDPC 2013) Queensland fruit fly NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Diptera: Tephritidae Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2013) no 2012 Mediterranean fruit fly BAMA (s22) Declared Pest

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Diptera: Tephritidae Sphenella ruficeps (Macquart, 1851) WINC 2013 WA (Hancock et al. no 2000) misidentified as Sphenella marginate Qld (UQIC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (ANICDb 2013) Tas. (UQIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Hemiptera: Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance, 1903) ADoA 2014 Qld (QDPC 2014) yes Aleyrodidae NSW (Gillespie 2012) spiny whitefly BA 2011b NT (NTEIC 2014) Cioffi et al. 2013

Hemiptera: Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, 1965 JD Swan 2011, pers. Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Aleyrodidae comm. NT (NTEIC 2013) spiralling whitefly

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood, 1856) AQIS 1999 WA (ICDb 2014) no Aleyrodidae Qld (QDPC 2014) greenhouse whitefly BA 2011a NSW (ASCU 2014) BA 2011b Vic. (VAIC 2014) ADoA 2014 Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (ASCU 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Hemiptera: Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877 AQIS 1999 WA (ICDb 2014) no Aphididae Qld (QDPC 2014) cotton aphid BA 2011b NSW (ASCU 2014) DAFF 2013 Vic. (VAIC 2014) BA 2005 Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) ADoA 2014 NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Aphis (Aphis) spiraecola Patch, 1914 BA 2005 WA (ICDb 2014) no Aphididae Qld (QDPC 2014) spiraea aphid BA 2011b NSW (ASCU 2014) ADoA 2014 Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (VAIC 2014)

Hemiptera: Aploneura ampelina (Mokrzecky 1896) ASCU 2013 NSW (ASCU 2013) yes Aphididae

Hemiptera: Hyperomyzus (Hyperomyzus) lactucae (Linnaeus, QDPC 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Aphididae 1758) Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) sowthistle aphid Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (VAIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Geoica lucifuga (Zehntner, 1897) ASCU 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Aphididae NSW (ASCU 2013) sugarcane root aphid Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) euphorbiae (Thomas, TPPD 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Aphididae 1878) Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) potato aphid Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer, 1776) QDPC 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Aphididae Qld (QDPC 2013) green peach aphid NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Pemphigus bursarius (Linnaeus, 1758) QDPC 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Aphididae Qld (QDPC 2013) also recorded as Pemphigus sp. NSW (ASCU 2013) poplar gall aphid Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Smynthurodes betae Westwood, 1859 ASCU 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Aphididae Qld (QDPC 2013) bean root aphid NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013)

Hemiptera: Tetraneura (Tetraneurella) nigriabdominalis (Sasaki, VAIC 2011 WA (ICDb 2013) no Aphididae 1899) Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (VAIC 2013) Oriental grassroot aphid Vic. (VAIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1841) QDPC 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Aphididae Qld (QDPC 2013) black citrus aphid NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Anzygina zealandica (Myers, 1923) VAIC 2011 WA (ICDb 2013) no Cicadellidae Qld (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Zygina zealandica NSW (ASCU 2013) yellow leafhopper VIC. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (ASCU 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Arawa pulchra Knight, 1975 VAIC 2011 WA (ABRS 2013) no Cicadellidae NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Austroagallia torrida Evans 1936 Osmelak et al. 1989 WA (ASCU 2013) no Cicadellidae Qld (ASCU 2013) spotted leafhopper NSW (ASCU 2013) VIC. (VAIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Austroasca viridigrisea (Paoli, 1936) VAIC 2011 WA (ICDb 2013) no Cicadellidae Qld (QDPC 2013) vegetable leafhopper NSW (ASCU 2013) VIC. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (ASCU 2013) NT (ASCU 2013)

Hemiptera: Balclutha saltuella (Kirschbaum, 1868) VAIC 2011 WA (ASCU 2013) no Cicadellidae Qld (ASCU 2013) grass leafhopper NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) NT (ABRS 2013)

Hemiptera: Batracomorphus angustatus (Osborn, 1934) Osmelak et al. 1989 WA (ASCU 2013) no Cicadellidae Qld (ABRS 2013) large green jassid NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (ABRS 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Erythroneura spp. Fitch, 1851 BA 2011a NSW (ASCU 2014) yes Cicadellidae Tas. (TPPD 2014) leafhopper Martinson & Dennehy 1995

Hemiptera: Kahaono pallida Evans 1966 VAIC 2011 WA (ABRS 2013) no Cicadellidae Qld (ASCU 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (ASCU 2013) SA (ASCU 2013)

Hemiptera: Limotettix incertus Evans 1966 VAIC 2011 WA (ASCU 2013) no Cicadellidae Qld (UQIC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (ASCU 2013) SA (ABRS 2013) NT (ASCU 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Orosius orientalis (Matsumura, 1914) Osmelak et al. 1989 WA (ASCU 2013) no Cicadellidae Qld (QDPC 2013) also recorded as Orosius argentatus NSW (ASCU 2013) common brown leafhopper Vic. (ASCU 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Scaphoideus spp. Uhler, 1889 AQIS 1999 WA (ASCU 2014) no Cicadellidae leafhopper

Hemiptera: Xestocephalus tasmaniensis Evans, 1938 VAIC 2011 WA (ABRS 2013) no Cicadellidae Qld (ABRS 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (ABRS 2013) NT (ABRS 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Zygina sp. VAIC 2011 WA (ASCU 2013) yes Cicadellidae Qld (ASCU 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Melampsalta sp. Greenup 1967 NSW (Greenup 1967) yes Cicadidae black cicada

Hemiptera: Cixiidae Ozoliarus pitta Löcker, 2006 ASCU 2013 Qld (ABRS 2013) yes NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (ABRS 2013) SA (ABRS 2013) NT (ASCU 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758 QDPC 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Coccidae Qld (QDPC 2013) soft brown scale NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (QDPC 2013) NT (QDPC 2013)

Hemiptera: Coccus longulus (Douglas, 1887) Brimblecombe 1962a WA (QDPC 2013) no Coccidae Qld (QDPC 2013) also recorded as Coccus elongatus NSW (ASCU 2013) long soft scale Vic. (WINC 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (WINC 2013)

Hemiptera: Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861) Hely et al. 1982 WA (ANIC 2013) no Coccidae Qld (QDPC 2013) nigra scale NSW (Hely et al. 1982) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (VAIC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Parthenolecanium corni corni (Bouché, 1844) BA 2005 Tas. (TPPD 2014) yes Coccidae Vic. (WINC 2014) European fruit lecanium scale BA 2011b NSW (Snare 2006) DAFF 2013 ADoA 2014

Hemiptera: Parthenolecanium persicae persicae (Fabricius, 1776) Fisher & Learmonth WA (VAIC 2013) no Coccidae 2012 Qld (VAIC 2013) also recorded as Eulecanium berberidis and NSW (ASCU 2013) Eulecanium persicae Vic. (VAIC 2013) grapevine scale Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Hemiptera: Parthenolecanium pruinosum (Coquillett, 1891) Furness 2003a WA (SE Learmonth no Coccidae 2010, pers. comm.) also recorded as Eulecanium pruinosum NSW (ASCU 2013) frosted scale Vic. (WINC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Saissetia coffeae Walker, 1852 Ben-Dov et al. 2010 WA (QDPC 2013) no Coccidae Qld (QDPC 2013) hemispherical scale NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (ASCU 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Saissetia oleae (Olivier, 1791) AQIS 1999 WA (ICDb 2014) no Coccidae Qld (QDPC 2014) black scale BA 2005 NSW (ASCU 2014) DAFF 2013 Vic. (VAIC 2014) ADoA 2014 Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (WINC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell, 1897) Brookes 1956 WA (ICDb 2013) no Diaspididae Qld (QDPC 2013) California red scale NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (WINC 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Aonidiella citrina (Coquillett, 1891) Brookes 1956 WA (Watson 2004), no Diaspididae pers. comm.) yellow scale Qld (Smith et al. 1997) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Hemiptera: Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead, 1894) QDPC 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Diaspididae Qld (QDPC 2013) Oriental scale NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Aspidiotus destructor Signore, 1869 QDPC 2013 WA (QDPC 2013) no Diaspididae Qld (QDPC 2013) transparent scale NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Aspidiotus nerii Bouche, 1833 ASCU 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Diaspididae Qld (QDPC 2013) ivy scale NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (QDPC 2013)

Hemiptera: Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus, 1758) Brimblecombe 1962a WA (QDPC 2013) no Diaspididae Qld (QDPC 2013) also recorded as Chrysomphalus ficus NSW (ASCU 2013) circular black scale NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan, 1889) ADoA 2014 Qld (QDPC 2014) yes Diaspididae NSW (ASCU 2014) Spanish red scale Miller & Davidson 2005; NT (NTEIC 2014) Ben-Dov 2014a

Hemiptera: Diaspidiotus ancylus (Putnam, 1878) BA 2005 Qld (QDPC 2014) yes Diaspididae NSW (ASCU 2014) Putnam scale ADoA 2014

Hemiptera: Diaspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock, 1881) Brimblecombe 1962b WA (ICDb 2013) no Diaspididae Qld (QDPC 2014) also recorded as Quadraspidiotus perniciosus NSW (ASCU 2014) San José scale Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (Brookes & Hudson 1969) SA (WINC 2013)

Hemiptera: Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret, 1869 BA 2011b Qld (QDPC 2014) yes Diaspididae NSW (ASCU 2014) orchid scale Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Duplaspidiotus claviger (Cockerell, 1901) Brimblecombe 1962a Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Diaspididae dupla scale

Hemiptera: Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret, 1869) Brimblecombe 1962a WA (ICDb 2013) no Diaspididae Qld (QDPC 2013) latana scale NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (QDPC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock, 1881) Brimblecombe 1962a WA (ICDb 2013) no Diaspididae Qld (QDPC 2013) rapacious scale NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013)

Hemiptera: Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758) AQIS 1999 WA (ICDb 2014) no Diaspididae Qld (QDPC 2014) apple mussel scale NSW (ASCU 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell, 1897) BA 2011b NT (ABRS 2009) yes Diaspididae Japanese baton scale; pear white scale

Hemiptera: Parlatoria camelliae Comstock, 1883 BA 2011b WA absent yes Diaspididae Aust (BA 2011b) camellia parlatoria scale

Hemiptera: Parlatoria oleae (Clovée, 1880) AQIS 1999 WA (Learmonth 2012) no Diaspididae Qld (BA 2011a) olive parlatoria scale BA 2011a NSW (BA 2011a)

Hemiptera: Pinnaspis strachani (Cooley, 1889) QDPC 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Diaspididae Qld (QDPC 2013) hibiscus snow scale NSW (ASCU 2013) SA (Brookes 1964 cited in ADoA 2014) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1886) BA 2011b Qld (QDPC 2014) yes Diaspididae NSW (ASCU 2014) peach white scale BA 2011a ADoA 2014

Hemiptera: Sphaerococcopsis inflatipes (Maskell, 1893) WINC 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Eriococcidae NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (WINC 2013)

Hemiptera: Flatidae Colgar peracutum (Walker, 1858) Smith et al. 1997 Qld (ASCU 2013) yes NSW (ASCU 2013) citrus planthopper Vic. (Smith et al. 1997) SA (Smith et al. 1997) NT (ABRS 2013)

Hemiptera: Graptostethus sp. JD Swan 2011, pers. WA (ICDb 2013) yes Lygaeidae comm. Qld (QDPC 2013) crusader bug Tas. (TPPD 2013) NT (JD Swan 2011, pers. comm.)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Nysius vinitor Bergroth, 1891 Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2013) no Lygaeidae 2012 Qld (UQIC 2013) Rutherglen bug NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (ANIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Oxycarenus (Oxycarenus) arctatus (Walker, 1873) Hely et al. 1982 WA (ABRS 2013) no Lygaeidae Qld (UQIC 2013) coon bug NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (ABRS 2013) SA (ABRS 2013) NT (ABRS 2013)

Hemiptera: Spilostethus decoratus (Stål, 1866) ASCU 2013 Qld (UQIC 2013) yes Lygaeidae NSW (ASCU 2013) milkweed bug NT (ABRS 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Spilostethus hospes (Fabricius, 1794) ASCU 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Lygaeidae Qld (QDPC 2013) milkweed bug NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (ANIC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Miridae Campylomma liebknechti (Girault, 1934) VAIC 2011 WA (ICDb 2013) no Qld (UQIC 2013) apple dimpling bug NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Miridae Coridromius sp. VAIC 2011 WA (ABRS 2013) no Coridromius variegatus (Montrouzier, 1861) is Qld (ABRS 2013) monotypic and is present in WA. NSW (VAIC 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (ABRS 2013) NT (ABRS 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Miridae Creontiades dilutus (Stål, 1859) ASCU 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Qld (UQIC 2013) green mirid NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (ANIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Icerya purchasi purchasi Maskell, 1879 ASCU 2013 WA (ICDb 2013) no Monophlebidae Qld (QDPC 2013) cottony cushion scale NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Icerya seychellarum seychellarum (Westwood, 1855) ADoA 2014 WA (QDPC 2014) no Monophlebidae Qld (QDPC 2014) common white mealybug NSW (ASCU 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Cermatulus nasalis (Westwood, 1837) VAIC 2011 WA (ABRS 2013) no Pentatomidae Qld (QDPC 2013) predatory shield bug NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (ABRS 2013) NT (ABRS 2013)

Hemiptera: Nezara viridula (Linnaeus, 1758) Hely et al. 1982 WA (ICDb 2013) no Pentatomidae Qld (UQIC 2013) green vegetable bug NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Oechalia schellenbergii (Guérin, 1831) Kerruish 1997a WA (ICDb 2013) no Pentatomidae Qld (QDPC 2013) predatory shield bug NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (ASCU 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Plautia affinis (Dallas, 1851) Hely et al. 1982 WA (ICDb 2013) no Pentatomidae Qld (QDPC 2013) green stink bug NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (ABRS 2013) SA (ABRS 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Testrica antica Walker, 1867 WINC 2013 Qld (UQIC 2013) yes Pentatomidae NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (ABRS 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch, 1855) Buchanan et al. 2003 Qld (Boehm 1996) yes Phylloxeridae NSW (ASCU 2013) grape phylloxera Vic. (VAIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1893) ADoA 2014 WA (ICDb 2014) no Pseudococcidae Qld (QDPC 2014) pineapple mealybug NSW (ASCU 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Hemiptera: Ferrisia virgata (Cockerell, 1893) Ben-Dov et al. 2010 WA (QDPC 2013) no Pseudococcidae Qld (QDPC 2013) striped mealybug NSW (ASCU 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Geococcus coffeae Green, 1933 Williams 1985 NT (Williams 1985) yes Pseudococcidae coffee root mealybug

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) Ben-Dov et al. 2010 WA (ICDb 2013) no Pseudococcidae Qld (QDPC 2013) hibiscus mealybug Vic. (ANIC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Nipaecoccus viridis (Newstead, 1894) Ben-Dov et al. 2010 WA (QDPC 2013) no Pseudococcidae Qld (QDPC 2013) spherical mealybug NT (NTEIC 2013)

Hemiptera: Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret, 1875) BA 2011b NSW (ASCU 2014) yes Pseudococcidae apple mealybug

Hemiptera: Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) Williams 1985 WA (ICDb 2013) no Pseudococcidae Qld (QDPC 2013) citrus mealybug NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (QDPC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell, 1897) Williams 1985 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Pseudococcidae NSW (ASCU 2013) citrophilus mealybug Vic. (WINC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Hemiptera: Pseudococcus longispinus (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1867) Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2013) no Pseudococcidae 2012 Qld (QDPC 2013) long-tailed mealybug NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Hemiptera: Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret, 1875) Williams 1985 WA (QDPC 2013) no Pseudococcidae Qld (QDPC 2013) also recorded as Pseudococcus affinis NSW (ASCU 2013) tuber mealybug Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Rhizoecus falcifer Kunckel d’Herculais, 1878 AQIS 1999 Qld (QDPC 2014) yes Pseudococcidae NSW (ASCU 2014) root mealybug DAFF 2013 SA (WINC 2014)

Hemiptera: Trionymus sp. TPPD 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Pseudococcidae NSW (ASCU 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Hemiptera: Psyllidae Acizzia sp. VAIC 2011 WA (ICDb 2013) yes Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2011) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Psyllidae Australopsylla sp. VAIC 2011 WA (ICDb 2013) yes Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2011) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Hemiptera: Psyllidae Blastopsylla sp. VAIC 2011 WA (QDPC 2013) yes Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (VAIC 2011) Vic. (VAIC 2011)

Hemiptera: Dysdercus (Paradysdercus) sidae sidae Montrouzier, Hely et al. 1982 WA (ICDb 2013) no Pyrrhocoridae 1861 Qld (QDPC 2013) NSW (ASCU 2013) pale cotton stainer Vic. (ABRS 2013) SA (Hely et al. 1982) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Leptocoris mitellatus Bergroth, 1916 ASCU 2011 WA (ICDb 2013) no Rhopalidae Qld (ABRS 2013) also recorded as Leptocoris mitellata NSW (ASCU 2013) leptocoris bug Vic. (ABRS 2013) SA (ABRS 2013)

Hemiptera: Dieuches maculicollis (Walker, 1872) WINC 2013 Qld (QDPC 2013) yes Rhyparochromidae NSW (ASCU 2013) also recorded as Dieuches atricornis Vic. (ABRS 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Hemiptera: Scolypopa australis (Walker, 1851) Kerruish 1997a WA (ICDb 2013) no Ricaniidae Qld (ASCU 2013) passionvine hopper NSW (ASCU 2013) Vic. (VAIC 2013) Tas. (TPPD 2013) SA (WINC 2013)

Hemiptera: Lampromicra senator (Fabricius, 1803) JD Swan 2011, pers. WA (ICDb 2013) no Scutelleridae comm. Qld (ASCU 2013) green jewel bug NSW (ASCU 2013) NT (NTEIC 2013)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hemiptera: Scutiphora pedicellata (Kirby, 1826) Hely et al. 1982 Qld (VAIC 2014) yes Scutelleridae NSW (ASCU 2014) metallic shield bug Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (ABRS 2009)

Hymenoptera: Apanteles tasmanicus Cameron, 1912 Bailey et al. 2003 Vic. (VAIC 2014) yes Braconidae as Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Cameron, 1912) Tas. (TPPD 2014) parasitic wasp

Hymenoptera: Anagyrus fusciventris (Girault, 1915) Furness & Charles 2003 NSW (VAIC 2014) yes Encyrtidae Vic. (VAIC 2014) parasitic wasp SA (VAIC 2014)

Hymenoptera: Metaphycus lounsburyi (Howard, 1898) Furness 2003a NSW (VAIC 2014) yes Encyrtidae Vic. (VAIC 2014) parasitic wasp SA (VAIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hymenoptera: Metaphycus maculipennis (Timberlake, 1916) Buchanan 2008 WA (VAIC 2014) no Encyrtidae Qld (VAIC 2014) parasitic wasp NSW (VAIC 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) SA (VAIC 2014)

Hymenoptera: Tetracnemoidea brevicornis (Girault, 1915) Furness & Charles 2003 Qld (VAIC 2011) yes Encyrtidae NSW (VAIC 2011) parasitic wasp

Hymenoptera: Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868) AQIS 1999 WA (ICDb 2014) no Formicidae NSW (ASCU 2014) formerly Iridomyrmex humilis DAFF 2013 Vic. (VAIC 2014) Argentine ant Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014)

Hymenoptera: Ametastegia (Ametastegia) glabrata (Fallen, 1808) BA 2005 Vic. (Malipatil et al. yes Tenthredinidae 1995) dock sawfly Malipatil et al. 1995

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Hymenoptera: Polistes chinensis antennalis Perkins, 1905 BA 2011a NSW (ASCU 2014) yes Vespidae Asian paper wasp BA 2011b ADoA 2014

Hymenoptera: Vespula germanica (Fabricus, 1793) Anon 1998 Qld (Spradbery & yes Vespidae Maywald 1992) European wasp NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) SA (Spradbery & Maywald 1992) Tas. (TPPD 2014)

Isoptera: Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt, 1897 NTEIC 2011 WA (ICDb 2014) no Mastotermitidae Qld (UQIC 2014) giant northern termite NSW (UQIC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Isoptera: Coptotermes acinaciformis acinaciformis (Froggatt, Swaine et al. 1991 WA (ICDb 2014) no Rhinotermitidae 1898) Qld (QDPC 2014) NSW (FCNI 2014) subterranean termite Vic. (ANIC 2014) SA (ANIC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Isoptera: Heterotermes occiduus (Hill, 1927) JD Swan 2011, pers. WA (ICDb 2014) no Rhinotermitidae comm. SA (ABRS 2009) NT (ABRS 2009)

Isoptera: Termitidae Microcerotermes serratus (Froggatt, 1898) JD Swan 2011, pers. WA (ANIC 2014) no comm. Qld (ANIC 2014) NSW (ANIC 2014) SA (ANIC 2014) NT (ANIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée, 1854) BA 2011b WA (ICDb 2014) no Crambidae Qld (QDPC 2014) yellow peach moth BA 2011a NSW (ASCU 2014) ADoA 2014 SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Echiomima sp. Goodwin et al. 2003 NSW (ASCU 2014) yes Gelechiidae SA (Goodwin et al. vine borer moth 2003)

Lepidoptera: Phrissogonus laticostata (Walker, 1861) Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2014) no Geometridae 2012 NSW (ABRS 2009) apple looper Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Simplicia caeneusalis (Walker, 1859) ASCU 2011 NSW (ASCU 2011) yes Herminiidae NT (NTEIC 2011)

Lepidoptera: Acyphas semiochrea (Herrich-Schaffer, 1855) ASCU 2011 WA (ICDb 2014) no Lymantriidae Qld (Common 1990) omnivorous tussock moth NSW (FCNI 2014) Vic. (Common 1990) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (Common 1990)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Euproctis paradoxa (Butler, 1886) Hely et al. 1982 Qld (UQIC 2014) yes Lymantriidae NSW (FCNI 2014) also recorded as Porthesia paradoxa (Butler) native tussock moth

Lepidoptera: Agarista agricola Donovan, 1805 Common 1990 Qld (UQIC 2014) yes Noctuidae Absent from WA - single record from 1954 NSW (ASCU 2014) NT (Common 1990) painted vine moth

Lepidoptera: Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766) Bailey & Furness 2003 WA (ICDb 2014) no Noctuidae Qld (UQIC 2014) black cutworm NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (CSIRO 2005) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Agrotis munda Walker, 1857 Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2014) no Noctuidae 2012 Qld (UQIC 2014) pink cutworm NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Anomis flava (Fabricius, 1775) ADoA 2014 WA (ICDb 2014) no Noctuidae NSW (ASCU 2014) cotton looper NT (NTEIC 2014) Qld (QDPC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Arcte coerula (Guenée, 1852) BA 2011b WA Absent yes Noctuidae Aust. (Nielsen et al. 1996) ramie moth ADoA 2014

Lepidoptera: Argyrolepidia subaspersa (Walker) Common 1990 Qld (Common 1990) yes Noctuidae NSW (Common 1990)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Artena dotata Fabricius, 1794 ADoA 2014 WA absent yes Noctuidae Aust (BA 2011b) fruitpiercing moth BA 2011a BA 2011b

Lepidoptera: Asteropetes noctuina (Butler, 1878) ADoA 2014 WA absent yes Noctuidae Aust. (BA 2011b) BA 2011b

Lepidoptera: Calyptra lata (Butler, 1881) ADoA 2014 WA absent yes Noctuidae Aust. (BA 2011b) BA 2011a BA 2011b

Lepidoptera: Calyptra thalictri (Borkhausen, 1790) ADoA 2014 WA absent yes Noctuidae Aust. (BA 2011b) fruitpiercing moth BA 2011a BA 2011b

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Eudocima fullonia (Clerck, 1764) ASCU 2011 WA (ICDb 2014) no Noctuidae Qld (UQIC 2014) fruitpiercing moth NSW (ASCU 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner, 1808) Bailey & Furness 2003 WA (ICDb 2014) no Noctuidae Qld (ANIC 2014) native budworm NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren, 1860) Bailey & Furness 2003 WA (ICDb 2014) no Noctuidae Qld (ANIC 2014) native budworm NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Ipanica cornigera (Butler, 1886) ICDb 2014 WA (ICDb 2014) no Noctuidae Qld (UQIC 2014) NSW (ASCU 2014) SA (WINC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Ischyja manlia (Cramer, 1776) BA 2011a Qld (UQIC 2014) yes Noctuidae fruitpiercing moth BA 2011b ADoA 2014

Lepidoptera: Ophiusa tirhaca (Cramer, 1777) BA 2011b WA (ICDb 2014) no Noctuidae Qld (QDPC 2014) NSW (ASCU 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Oraesia emarginata Fabricius, 1794 BA 2011a Qld (VAIC 2014) yes Noctuidae fruitpiercing moth BA 2011b ADoA 2014

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Dysgonia arctotaenia (Guenée, 1852) ADoA 2014 WA absent yes Noctuidae recorded as Parallelia arctotaenia Guenée, 1852 Aust. (Nielsen et al. 1996; PHA 2001 cited in ADoA 2014)

Lepidoptera: Phalaenoides glycinae Lewin, 1805 Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2014) no Noctuidae 2012 Qld (UQIC 2014) grapevine moth NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Proteuxoa capularis (Guenée, 1852) WINC 2013 WA (ICDb 2014) no Noctuidae NSW (ASCU 2014) also recorded as Caradrina capularis Vic. (VAIC 2014) SA (WINC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Serrodes campana Guenée, 1852 BA 2011b Qld (QDPC 2014) yes Noctuidae NSW (ASCU 2014) fruitpiercing moth ADoA 2014

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Spodoptera exigua (Hübner, 1808) AQIS 1999 WA (ICDb 2014) no Noctuidae Qld (ANIC 2014) lesser armyworm BA 2011b NSW (ASCU 2014) ADoA 2014 Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (ANIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) BA 2011b WA (ICDb 2014) no Noctuidae Qld (QDPC 2014) cluster caterpillar ADoA 2014 NSW (ASCU 2014) Tas. (TFIC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval, 1833) ICDb 2014 WA (ICDb 2014) no Noctuidae Qld (UQIC 2014) lawn armyworm NSW (ASCU 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Earias paralella Lucas, 1898 WINC 2014 WA (ICDb 2014) no Nolidae Qld (ABRS 2009) NSW (ASCU 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Maroga melanostigma (Wallengren, 1861) Common 1990 WA (WACALM 2014) no Oecophoridae Qld (ABRS 2009) fruit-tree borer NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) SA (ABRS 2009) Tas. (ABRS 2009) NT (ABRS 2009)

Lepidoptera: Papilio (Eleppone) anactus Macleay, 1826 Kerruish 1997a WA (Lindsay 1992) no Papilionidae Qld (VAIC 2014) small citrus butterfly NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Clania variegata (Snellen, 1879) ADoA 2014 WA (ICDb 2014) no Psychidae NT (NTEIC 2014) Paulownia bagworm BA 2011a BA 2011b

Lepidoptera: Hyalarcta huebneri (Westwood, 1855) Hely et al. 1982 WA (ICDb 2014) no Psychidae Qld (UQIC 2014) leaf case moth NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (Common 1990) SA (WINC 2014) Tas. (Common 1990)

Lepidoptera: Cadra cautella (Walker, 1863) VAIC 2011 WA (ICDb 2014) no Pyralidae Qld (QDPC 2014) tropical warehouse moth NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Cadra figulilella (Gregson, 1871) ASCU 2014 WA (Common 1990) no Pyralidae Qld (QDPC 2014) raisin moth NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (WINC 2014) SA (WINC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Cryptoblabes adoceta Turner, 1904 Smith et al. 1997 WA (NTEIC 2014) no Pyralidae QLD (QDPC 2014) sorghum head caterpillar NSW (ASCU 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Diaphania indica (Saunders, 1851) BA 2011a WA (ICDb 2014) no Pyralidae Qld (QDPC 2014) cucumber moth BA 2011b NSW (ASCU 2014) ADoA 2014 NT (NTEIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Diaphania indica (Saunders, 1851) BA 2011b WA (ICDb 2014) no Pyralidae Qld (QDPC 2014) also recorded as Palpita indica Saunders, 1851 NSW (ASCU 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Plodia interpunctella (Hübner, 1813) Buchanan et al. 1984 WA (ICDb 2014) yes Pyralidae Qld (QDPC 2014) Indian meal moth NSW (ASCU 2014) BAMA (s22) Declared Pest Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Acosmeryx anceus Stoll, 1871 Moulds 1981 Qld (Common 1990) yes Sphingidae NSW (Common 1990) sphingid moth

Lepidoptera: Agrius convolvuli (Linnaeus, 1758) BA 2011b WA (ICDb 2014) no Sphingidae Tas. (TPPD 2014) convolvulus hawk moth ADoA 2014 NT (NTEIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Gnathothlibus erotus (Cramer, 1777) Moulds 1981 WA (ICDb 2014) no Sphingidae Qld (Common 1990) NSW (Common 1990) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Hippotion celerio (Linnaeus, 1758) Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2014) no Sphingidae 2012 Qld (Common 1990) grapevine hawk moth NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (Common 1990) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Hippotion scrofa (Boisduval 1832) ICDb 2011 WA (ICDb 2014) no Sphingidae Qld (CSIRO 2005) scrofa hawk moth NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (CSIRO 2005) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Hyles livornicoides (Lucas, 1892) Moulds 1981 WA (ICDb 2014) no Sphingidae Qld (Common 1990) also recorded as Hyles lineata (Fab.) subsp. NSW (ASCU 2014) livornicoides (Luc.) Vic. (Common 1990) whitelined hawk moth Tas. (Common 1990) SA (Common 1990) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Theretra clotho (Drury, 1773) BA 2011b Qld (ICDb 2014) yes Sphingidae hawk moth ADoA 2014

Lepidoptera: Theretra latreillii (Maclay, 1826) Moulds 1981 WA (ICDb 2014) no Sphingidae Qld (UQIC 2014) also recorded as Theretra latreillei (Macl.) NSW (Common 1990) NT (Common 1990)

Lepidoptera: Theretra margarita (Kirby 1877) ICDb 2011 WA (ICDb 2014) no Sphingidae Qld (UQIC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Theretra oldenlandiae (Fabricius, 1775) Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2014) no Sphingidae 2012 QLD (Common 1990) vine hawk moth NSW (Hely et al. 1982) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Epiphyas postvittana Walker, 1863 Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2014) no Tortricidae 2012 Qld (UQIC 2014) light brown apple moth NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Lepidoptera: Isotenes miserana (Walker, 1863) Kerruish 1997a WA (A Szitó 2009, pers. no Tortricidae comm.) orange fruit borer Qld (UQIC 2014) NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (Smith et al. 1997) Tas. (TPPD 2014) NT (Smith et al. 1997)

100

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Lepidoptera: Merophyas divulsana (Walker, 1863) ICDb 2011 WA (ICDb 2014) no Tortricidae Qld (QDPC 2014) lucerne leafroller NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (CSIRO 2005) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Neuroptera: Chrysopa spp. Furness & Charles 2003 WA (New 1996) yes Chrysopidae Qld (New 1996) green lacewing NSW (New 1996) Vic. (New 1996) Tas. (New 1996) SA (New 1996) NT (New 1996)

Neuroptera: Chrysoperla spp. Steinmann, 1964 DAFF 2013 Qld (ABRS 2009) yes Chrysopidae green lacewing

101

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Neuroptera: Micromus tasmaniae (Walker, 1860) TPPD 2014 WA (ABRS 2009) no Hemerobiidae Qld (ABRS 2009) brown lacewing NSW (ABRS 2009) Vic. (ABRS 2009) Tas. (ABRS 2009) SA (ABRS 2009) NT (ABRS 2009)

Orthoptera: Austracris guttulosa (Walker, 1870) Hely et al. 1982 WA (ICDb 2014) no Acrididae Qld (QDPC 2014) spur-throated locust NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) SA (COPR 1982) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Orthoptera: Austroicetes cruciata (de Saussure, 1888) COPR 1982 WA (ICDb 2014) no Acrididae Qld (ASCU 2014) small plague grasshopper NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (COPR 1982) SA (WINC 2014)

102

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Orthoptera: Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker, 1870) Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2014) no Acrididae 2012 Qld (QDPC 2014) Austraian plague locust NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (ASCU 2014) SA (WINC 2014)

Orthoptera: Phaulacridium vittatum (Sjöstedt, 1920) Fisher & Learmonth WA (ICDb 2014) no Acrididae 2012 Qld (QDPC 2014) wingless grasshopper NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TFIC 2014) SA (WINC 2014)

Orthoptera: Valanga irregularis (Walker) Hely et al. 1982 WA (ICDb 2014) no Acrididae Qld (QDPC 2014) giant grasshopper NSW (ASCU 2014) NT (UQIC 2014)

Orthoptera: Gryllotalpa africana Beauvois, 1805 BA 2011b WA (ICDb 2014) no Acrididae Qld (UQIC 2014) African mole cricket NSW (WINC 2014) NT (WINC 2014)

103

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Orthoptera: Caedicia simplex (Walker, 1869) ASCU 2014 WA (ANIC 2014) no Tettigoniidae Qld (QDPC 2014) inland katydid NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TFIC 2014) SA (Smith et al. 1997)

Orthoptera: Caedicia spp. Furness 2003b WA (Rentz 1996) yes Tettigoniidae Qld (Brough et al. longhorned grasshoppers 1996a) NSW (Hely et al. 1982) Vic. (Smith et al. 1997) Tas. (Semmens et al. 1992) SA (Smith et al. 1997) NT (ANICDb 2011)

Orthoptera: Ephippitytha maculata Evans, 1847 ASCU 2014 Qld (ASCU 2014) yes Tettigoniidae NSW (ASCU 2014) bush katydid

104

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Thysanoptera: Haplothrips froggatti Hood, 1918 Brough et al. 1996b WA (QDPC 2014) no Phlaeothripidae Qld (QDPC 2014) black plague thrips NSW (ASCU 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Thysanoptera: Haplothrips victoriensis Bagnall, 1918 Furness 2003b WA (QDPC 2014) no Phlaeothripidae Qld (QDPC 2014) tubular black thrips NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Thysanoptera: Anaphothrips obscurus (Müller, 1776) ADoA 2014 WA (ASCU 2014) no Thripidae NSW (ASCU 2014) grass thrips Vic. (ASCU 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (ASCU 2014)

105

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Thysanoptera: Arorathrips mexicanus (Crawford, 1909) VAIC 2011 WA (ANIC 2014) no Thripidae Qld (QDPC 2014) NSW (ANIC 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) SA (ASCU 2014) NT (ANIC 2014)

Thysanoptera: Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1865) Furness 2003b WA (ANIC 2014) no Thripidae Qld (QDPC 2014) western flower thrips NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) SA (WINC 2014)

Thysanoptera: Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom, 1910) ASCU 2014 WA (ICDb 2014) no Thripidae Qld (QDPC 2014) tomato thrips NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

106

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Thysanoptera: Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouché, 1833) Hely et al. 1982 WA (ASCU 2014) no Thripidae Qld (QDPC 2014) greenhouse thrips NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Thysanoptera: Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter, 1891) BA 2011b WA (Galloway 1988) no Thripidae Qld (QDPC 2014) banded greenhouse thrips SA (WINC 2014)

Thysanoptera: Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, 1919 NTEIC 2014 WA (L Halling 2011, no Thripidae pers. comm.) chilli thrips Qld (QDPC 2014) NSW (ANIC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

107

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Thysanoptera: Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard, 1901) QDPC 2014 WA (ANIC 2014) no Thripidae Qld (QDPC 2014) redbanded thrips NSW (ASCU 2014) SA (ASCU 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Thysanoptera: Thrips australis (Bagnall, 1915) ASCU 2014 WA (ASCU 2014) no Thripidae Qld (QDPC 2014) eucalyptus thrips NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014)

Thysanoptera: Thrips coloratus Schmutz, 1913 ADoA 2014 Qld (QDPC 2014) yes Thripidae NT (NTEIC 2014) loquat thrips

Thysanoptera: Thrips flavus Schrank, 1776 ADoA 2014 NSW (ASCU 2014) yes Thripidae honeysuckle thrips

108

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Thysanoptera: Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan 1913) BA 2011b WA (ANIC 2014) no Thripidae Qld (QDPC 2014) banana flower thrips ADoA 2014 NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

Thysanoptera: Thrips imaginis Bagnall, 1926 ASCU 2014 WA (ANIC 2014) no Thripidae Qld (QDPC 2014) plague thrips NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014)

109

Table 6 Insects associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Higher further Organism Vitis spp. association Australian distribution classification (if yes go to Table 7)

Thysanoptera: Thrips tabaci Lindeman, 1888 QDPC 2014 WA (ICDb 2014) no Thripidae Qld (QDPC 2014) onion thrips NSW (ASCU 2014) Vic. (VAIC 2014) Tas. (TPPD 2014) SA (WINC 2014) NT (NTEIC 2014))

110

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Acizzia sp. Unlikely: Hollis (2002) indicates that the superfamily Psylloidea are no foliage feeders.

Acosmeryx anceus Stoll, 1871 Unlikely: Moulds (1981) indicates that larval A. aneus feed on no foliage. sphingid moth

Adelium tenebroides Erichson, 1842 Unlikely: Single record from Vitis ex VAIC (2011). no

Aethina concolor (Macleay) Unlikely: Ewing (2004) indicates that A concolor is normally found no in association with flowers. hibiscus flower beetle

Agarista agricola Donovan, 1805 Unlikely: McFarland (1980) indicates that A. agricola feed on no foliage. painted vine moth

Agrypnus sp. Unlikely: Single record from Vitis ex VAIC (2011). no

111

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance, Unlikely: While this species attacks grapevine (Cioffi et al. 2013), it no 1903) is not considered to be associated with fruit (ADoA 2014). spiny whitefly

Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, 1965 Unlikely: Pawpaw is the only recognised fruit pathway for A. no dispersus (Poole et al. 2009). spiraling whitefly

Altica gravida (Blackburn, 1896) Unlikely: Adults feed on leaves and canes (Hely et al. 1982) larvae no are also leaf feeders (Matthews & Reid 2002). metallic flea beetle

Amblydromella applegum (Schicha, 1983) Unlikely: Recorded from leaf material. Whitney and James (1996) no also indicates that A. applegum has an uncommon predatory mite occurrence in Australian grapevines.

Amblydromella brisbanensis (Schicha, Unlikely: Recorded from leaf material. Whitney and James (1996) no 1979) also indicates that A. brisbanensis has an uncommon occurrence in Australian grapevines. predatory mite

112

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant, 1959) Unlikely: Recorded from leaf material. Whitney and James (1996) no also indicates that A. herbicolus has an uncommon predatory mite occurrence in Australian grapevines.

Amblyseius sturti group Unlikely: ASCU (2011) has 3 records from Vitis leaf in 1993. no predatory mite

Amblyseius waltersi Schicha, 1981 Unlikely: Recorded from leaf material. Whitney and James (1996) no also indicates that A. waltersi has an uncommon predatory mite occurrence in Australian grapevines.

Ambrosiodmus rubricollis Wood & Bright, Unlikely: Ambrosia beetles are wood borers and are not associated no 1992 with fruit (Wood 1982; Coyle et al. 2005 cited inADoA 2014). bark beetle

113

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Ametastegia (Ametastegia) glabrata (Fallen, UnIikely: Primary host plant includes Rumex,Polygonum, Rheum. no 1808) Reported from grapevine canes in Vicotira (Malipatil et al. 1995). dock sawfly

Anagyrus fusciventris (Girault, 1915) Likely: Furness and Charles (2003) indicates that A. fusciventris yes parasitises long-tailed and citrophilus mealybug which parasitic wasp can be found in sheltered positions such as grape bunches.

Anoplognathus velutinus Boisduval, 1835 Unlikely: Carne (1957) indicates that larvae are inhabit soil while no the adults feed on foliage, although Hely et al. (1982) christmas beetle does reports that Anoplognathus spp. can sometimes damage plum fruit.

Aploneura ampelina (Mokrzecky 1896) Unlikely: Blackman and Eastop (2000) indicates that A. ampelina is no found underground feeding on roots or in leaf galls.

Apogonia sp. Unlikely: Brown et al. (2000) indicated that NT Apogonia are leaf no feeders.

114

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Arcte coerula (Guenée, 1852) Unlikely: Adults attack the fruit of grapevine (JSAE 1987; Zhang no 1994 cited in BA 2011b), but feed only at night and are ramie moth not associated with grapevine during the day (Hattori 1969; MAFF 2008a cited in BA 2011b).

Argyrolepidia subaspersa (Walker) Not assessed yes

Arsipoda chrysis (Olivier, 1808) Unlikely: ABRS (2011) indicates that members of the Chrysomelid no subfamily Galerucinae feed on leaves. Matthews and Reid (2002) indicates that Arsipoda larvae are unknown but are likely to be stem or root boring.

Artena dotata Fabricius, 1794 Unlikely: Adults feed on ripe grapes at night by piercing them and no sucking their juices. They are not associated with grapes fruitpiercing moth during daylight hours (Li 2004 cited in BA 2011a).

Asteropetes noctuina (Butler, 1878) Unlikely: Larvae of this species feed only on leaves (USDA-APHIS no 2002 cited in ADoA 2014)

115

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Attagenus (Attagenus) unicolor (Brahm, Unlikely: Thompson (1983) indicates that A. attagenus is a pest of no 1791) stored product and carpets. black carpet beetle

Australopsylla sp. Unlikely: VAIC (2011) has single record from Vitis leaf in 1993. no

Axionicus insignis Pascoe, 1869 Unlikely: Both Milthorpe and Cunningham (2005) and Alipne no Nurserys (2011) indicate that Kurrajong weevil (larvae) kurrajong weevil will only attack unhealthy trees.

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) neohumeralis Unlikely: Single record of B. neohumeralis ex Vitis labrusca from no (Hardy, 1951) (May 1960). lesser Queensland fruit fly

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tryoni (Froggatt, Likely: Oag (2001) reports Qfly as a major pest of table grapes. yes 1897) Loch (2008) reports high levels damage to wine grapes. Queensland fruit fly

116

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Blastopsylla sp. Unlikely: Hollis (2002) indicates that the Superfamily Psylloidea are no foliage feeders.

Caedicia spp. Unlikely: Furness (2003b) indicates that Nymphs feed in isolated no patches from the upper leaf surface giving the leaves a longhorned grasshoppers lace-like appearance when severe. Older katydids chew large irregular holes.

Calyptra lata (Butler, 1881) Unlikely: Adults attack grape berries (JSAE 1987; MAFF 2008a no cited in ADoA 2014) but feed at night and are not associated with grapevine during the day (Hattori 1969 cited in ADoA 2014).

Calyptra thalictri (Borkhausen, 1790) Unlikely: Adults attack grape berries (JSAE 1987; NPQS 2007a no cited in ADoA 2014) but feed at night and are not fruitpiercing moth associated with grapevine during the day (Hattori 1969 cited in ADoA 2014).

Chlorophorus annulare (Fabricius, 1787) Unlikely: ‘The larvae of this species attack roots while adults feed no on flowers. No records have been found which associate bamboo longicorn beetle this species with fruit’ (ADoA 2014).

117

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan, Likely: Affected plant parts are leaves especially, but sometimes yes 1889) on fruit and occasionally on branches (Watson 2005). Spanish red scale

Chrysopa spp. Likely: Furness and Charles (2003) indicates that Chrysopa spp. yes parasitises long-tailed and citrophilus mealybug which can green lacewing be found in sheltered positions such as grape bunches.

Chrysoperla spp. Steinmann, 1964 Likely: Recorded as a contaminant of table grapes in DAFF yes (2013). green lacewing

Colaspoides foveiventris Lea, 1915 Unlikely: QDPIF (2011) has single record from Vitis in 1931. no lucerne leafeating beetle

Colaspoides picticornis Lea, 1915 Unlikely: QDPIF (2011) has single records from Vitis in 1931 and no 1932.

118

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Colgar peracutum (Walker, 1858) Likely: Smith et al. (1997) indicates that grapes are a host for C. yes peracutum and that damage includes feeding marks. citrus planthopper

Conoderus sp. Unlikely: VAIC (2011) has single record from Vitis fruit and stem in no 1995.

Corticaria japonica (Reitter) Unlikely: BA (2006) indicates that the beetles are orchard or no packing house contaminants and are feeders on decaying minute mould beetle plant material.

Cryptolestes pusillus (Schönherr 1878) Likely: Recorded as a contaminant of table grapes in DAFF yes (2013). flat grain beetle BAMA (s22) declared pest

Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch, 1855) Likely: Buchanan et al. (2003) indicates that Phylloxera crawlers yes can be present on leaves and fruit of infested grapevines. grape phylloxera

119

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Diaspidiotus ancylus (Putnam, 1878) Unlikely: This species is not associated with grape bunches (Ben- no Dov 2012b cited in ADoA 2014). Putnam scale

Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret, 1869 Unlikely: Although a recognised as an important pest of orchid no plants (Espinosa et al. 2010), very little information could orchid scale be found regarding orchid scale’s association with Vitis sp. and no information could be found regarding any association with table grape bunches.

Dieuches maculicollis (Walker, 1872) Unlikely: Reported as a ground dwelling species and associated no with Vitis roots (ABRS 2009).

Didymocantha obliqua Newman, 1840 Unlikely: Lawrence and Britton (1991) indicates that adults feed on no flowers, foliage or bark while larvae usually feed internally on bark, phloem, sapwood or hardwood.

Diphucephala colaspidoides (Gyllenhal, Unlikely: Hely et al. (1982) indicates that swarming beetle feed on no 1817) foliage. green scarab beetle

120

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Diphucephala nigritarsis Lea 1917 Unlikely: Hely et al. (1982) indicates that swarming beetle feed on no foliage. green scarab beetle

Diphucephala nitidicollis Macleay, 1886 Unlikely: Hely et al. (1982) indicates that swarming beetle feed on no foliage. green scarab beetle

Diphucephala pulchella Waterhouse, 1837 Unlikely: Hely et al. (1982) indicates that swarming beetle feed on no foliage. green scarab beetle

Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Cameron, 1912) Likely: Baker et al. (2003) indicates that D. tasmanica parasitises yes light brown apple moth which can be found on foliage and parasitic wasp bunches.

Dryocoetiops coffeae (Eggers, 1923) Unlikely: Scolytine beetles are associated with woody plant no products (Luo et al. 2005 cited inBA 2011a). They are bark beetle unlikely to be on the pathway (BA 2011a).

121

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Duplaspidiotus claviger (Cockerell, 1901) Unlikely: Brimblecombe (1962a) indicates that D. claviger is found no on the woody portions of grapevines. dupla scale

Echiomima sp. Unlikely: Goodwin et al. (2003) indicates that Echiomina sp. larvae no tunnel into canes and spurs while nocturnally feeding on vine borer moth bark.

Echnolagria sp. Unlikely: TPPD (2011) has single record from Vitis in 2002. no

Ecrizothis inaequalis Blackburn, 1899 Unlikely: Kerruish (1997a) indicates that E. inaequalis feeds on no foliage and buds. gooseberry weevil

Ephippitytha maculata Evans, 1847 Likely: Rentz (1996) indicates that bush katydids can fed on yes leaves flowers and fruit. bush katydid

122

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Eristalinus (Lathyrophthalmus) aeneus Likely: Recorded as a contaminant of table grapes in DAFF yes (Scopoli, 1763) (2013). hover fly

Erythroneura spp. Fitch, 1851 Unlikely: The genus does not validly occur in the Australian region no (ABRS 2009). leafhopper

Euproctis paradoxa (Butler, 1886) Likely: Hely et al. (1982) indicates that indicate that the larvae yes can graze fruit near stem. tussock moth

Geococcus coffeae Green, 1933 Unlikely: Ben-Dov et al. (2010) indicates that G. coffeae occurs on no the roots of its host plants. coffee root mealybug

Geoica lucifuga (Zehntner, 1897) Unlikely: Blackman and Eastop (2000) indicates that G. lucifuga no occurs on the roots of its host plants. sugarcane root aphid

123

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Graptostethus sp. Likely: Chin et al. (2009) indicates that Graptostethus sp. can yes cause mechanical damage to fruit. crusader bug

Hypothenemus eruditus Unlikely: No records have been found which associate this species no with fruit (ADoA 2014). Scolytine beetles are associated shot-hole wood borer with woody plant products (Luo et al. 2005 cited inBA 2011a). They are unlikely to be on the pathway (BA 2011a).

Hypurus bertrandi (Perris 1852) Unlikely: DAFF (2013) reports no evidence of an association with no Vitis vinifera. portulaca leafmining weevil

Ischyja manlia (Cramer, 1776) Unlikely: This species feeds on grapevine at night (Walker 2007a no cited in BA 2011b) and shelters in leaves during the day fruitpiercing moth (Li 2004 cited in BA 2011b). This species would not be associated with grapevine during the day (Hattori 1969 cited in BA 2011b).

124

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Leptopius robustus (Boheman) Unlikely: Anon (1939) indicates that L. robustus usually infests no weakened trees with adults feeding on leaves while fruit tree root weevil larvae are soil dwelling feeding on roots.

Leptopius squalidus Boheman Unlikely: Hely et al. (1982) indicates that indicate that the larvae no feed on roots while the adults can feed on leaves. fruit tree root weevil

Lopholeucaspis japonica (Cockerell, 1897) Likely: Although L. japonica is associated with the leaves and no bark of the host and sometimes on fruits (CABI/EPPO Japanese baton scale; pear white scale 1997), the Australian distribution appears to be based on early 1900’s records. No recent records for the presence of L. japonica in Australia could be found.

Mandalotus sp. Unlikely: Rarely collected from Vitis, CESAR Consultants (2007) no indicate that adults are leaf feeders while larvae are soil mandalotus weevil dwellers feeding on root material.

125

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Melampsalta sp. Unlikely: Greenup (1967) reports oviposition damage to wood. no black cicada

Metaphycus lounsburyi (Howard, 1898) Unlikely: Furness (2003) indicates that M. lounsburyi parasitised no grapevine scale Parthenolecanium persicae persicae, parasitic wasp which can be found on canes and the bark of older wood in spring. Small yellow crawler scales are present on leaves in summer.

Misumena spp. Likely: Recorded as a contaminant of table grapes in DAFF yes (2013). crab spider

Monolepta divisa Blackburn, 1888 Unlikely: Hely et al. (1982) indicates that swarming beetles feed on no young foliage and green fruit. small monolepta beetle

126

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Neoseiulus loxtoni (Schicha, 1979) Unlikely: James and Whitney (1991) indicates that N. loxtoni can no be found on dormant vines and leaves of actively growing predatory mite vines.

Neoseiulus noosae (McMurtry & Schicha, Unlikely: Recorded from leaf material. Whitney and James (1996) no 1987) also indicates that N. noosae has an uncommon predatory mite occurrence in Australian grapevines.

Neoseiulus thwaitei (Schicha, 1977) Unlikely: Whitney and James (1996) indicates that N. thwaitei has no an uncommon occurrence in Australian grapevines. predatory mite

Notiosomus sp. Unlikely: ICDb (2011) has single record from Vitis in 1959. no

Oligonychus punicae (Hirst, 1926) Unlikely: Oligonychus punicae feeds on leaves (Vasquez et al. no 2008 cited in BA 2011a). avocado brown mite

127

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Oraesia emarginata (Fabricius, 1794) Unlikely: This species is a nocturnal fruit-piercing moth. As with no other fruit-piercing noctuid moths, adults shelter in foliage fruitpiercing moth during the day (Li 2004 cited in BA 2011a).

Orthorhinus klugi Boheman Unlikely: Hely et al. (1982) indicates that only wood is attacked. no vine weevil

Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus, Unlikely: Saw toothed grain beetle can be a pest of dried sultana no 1758) production (Buchanan et al. 1984). saw toothed grain beetle BAMA (s22) Declared Pest

Unlikely: Larvae feed on roots and adults feed on leaves Otiorhynchus (Zustalestus) rugosostriatus no throughout the summer and are nocturnal. Overwintering (Goeze 1777) occurs as fully-grown larvae, pupae or adults, in the rough strawberry weevil topsoil or soil debris (BA 2005).

128

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Otiorhynchus sulcatus (Fabricius, 1775) Unlikely: Adults nocturnally feed on buds, foliage, flowers, and the no cluster rachis. Larvae feed on roots (Kerruish 1997b; black vine weevil Bentley et al. 2014).

Ozoliarus pitta Löcker, 2006 Not assessed yes

Panonychus citri (McGregor, 1916) Unlikely: Although this species attacks grapevine (Wu and Lo no 1989; Migeon and Dorkeld 2012 cited in ADoA 2014), citrus red mite feeding occurs on leaves (Jeppson et al. 1975 cited in ADoA 2014). No records have been found which associate this species with fruit (ADoA 2014).

Parallelia arctotaenia Guenée, 1852 Unlikely: Adults of this species attack grape berries (JSAE 1987 no cited in ADoA 2014). However, they feed only at night and are not associated with grapevine during the day (Hattori 1969 cited in ADoA 2014).

Parlatoria camelliae Comstock, 1883 Unlikely: Infestations were reported to be limited to the leaves of no host plants (Miller & Davidson 2005). camellia parlatoria scale

129

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Parthenolecanium corni corni (Bouché, Likely: P. corni corni is a pest of Vitis vinifera (Ben-Dov 2014b) yes 1844) and can be found on grape bunches (Flaherty et al. 1992 cited in DAFF 2013). European fruit lecanium scale

Perperus innocuus Unlikely: Sainty (1991) and Hely et al. (1982) indicates that adults no feed on buds and foliage while larvae live in the soil.

Perperus lateralis Lea, 1908 Unlikely: Sainty (1991) and Hely et al. (1982) indicates that adults no feed on buds and foliage while larvae live in the soil. white striped weevil

Perperus sp. Unlikely: Sainty (1991) and Hely et al. (1982) indicates that adults no feed on buds and foliage while larvae live in the soil. bud weevil

Phenacoccus aceris (Signoret, 1875) Unlikely: Occurs on leaves and stems of a variety of plants (Ben- no Dov 1994 cited in BA 2011b) including grapevine (Sforza apple mealybug et al. 2003 cited in BA 2011b). No records found of this pest on fruit (BA 2011b).

130

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Philonthus spp. Stephens, 1829 Likely: Recorded as a contaminant of table grapes in DAFF yes (2013). rove beetle

Phyllotocus sp. Unlikely: Lawrence and Britton (1991) indicates that adults are no short lived and swarm to flowering trees while the larvae inhabit the soil feeding on roots and other organic matter.

Phytoseius hongkongensis Swirski & Not assessed yes Shechter, 1961 predatory mite

Phytoseius woolwichensis Schicha, 1977 Not assessed yes predatory mite

Plodia interpunctella (Hübner, 1813) Unlikely: Buchanan et al. (1984) indicates that P. interpunctella is a no pest of dried fruit. Indian meal moth

131

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Polistes chinensis antennalis Perkins, 1905 Unlikely: P. chinensis antennalis prey on invertebrates and collect no nectar and honeydew from flowers (Clapperton 1999). Asian paper wasp

Proprioseiopsis peltatus (Van der Merwe, Not assessed yes 1968) predatory mite

Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Likely: Miller and Davidson (1990 cited in ADoA 2014) reported yes Tozzetti, 1886) that P. pentagona can be found on the leaves and sometimes on fruit of its hosts. peach white scale

Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell, 1897) Likely: Furness and Charles (2003) indicate that P. calceolariae yes can be found in sheltered positions such as grape citrophilus mealybug bunches.

Psychoda alternata Say, 1824 Likely: Recorded as a contaminant of table grapes in DAFF yes (2013). moth fly

132

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Rhizobius ruficollis Lea Likely: Furness and Charles (2003) indicate that R. ruficollis yes parasitises long-tailed and citrophilus mealybug which ladybird can be found in sheltered positions such as grape bunches.

Rhizoecus falcifer Kunckel d’Herculais, 1878 Unlikely: R. falcifer is a ground-inhabiting mealybug (McKenzie no 1967). root mealybug

Rhyparida dimidiata Baly, 1861 Likely: Matthews and Reid (2002) indicates that larvae are soil no dwelling and adults can be foliage or nectar feeders. sugarcane leaf beetle

Scelodonta brevipilis Lea, 1915 Likely: ABRS (2011) indicates that members of the Chrysomelid yes subfamily Eumolpinae feed on leaves, flowers and/or fruit of a wide variety of angiosperms as adults.

Scutiphora pedicellata (Kirby, 1826) Likely: Hely et al. (1982) indicates that S. pedicellata feeds on yes vegetative growth and fruit. metallic shield bug

133

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Serrodes campana Guenée, 1852 Unlikely: Adults attack fruit of grapevine (JSAE 1987 cited in ADoA no 2014), but feed only at night and are not associated with fruitpiercing moth grapevine during the day (Hattori 1969; NPQS 2007a cited in ADoA 2014).

Simplicia caeneusalis (Walker, 1859) Unlikely: Common (1990) indicates that larvae of Simplicia feed on no dead leaves.

Sinoxylon sp. Unlikely: Lawrence and Britton (1991) indicates that Bostrichid no auger beetle beetles are wood boring insects.

Sinoxylon anale Lesne, 1897 Unlikely: Lawrence and Britton (1991) indicates that Bostrichid no beetles are wood boring insects. auger beetle

Sphaerococcopsis inflatipes (Maskell, 1893) Unlikely: ABRS (2009) and Beardsley (1974) indicate that S. no inflatipes resided in bark galls.

134

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Spilostethus decoratus (Stål, 1866) Not assessed yes milkweed bug

Testrica antica Walker, 1867 Not assessed yes

Tetracnemoidea brevicornis (Girault, 1915) Likely: Furness and Charles (2003) indicates that T. brevicornis yes parasitises long-tailed and citrophilus mealybug which parasitic wasp can be found in sheltered positions such as grape bunches.

Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, 1927 Likely: T. kanzawai mites and webbing are often found on the yes under surfaces of the leaves, but can occasionally attack Kanzawa spider mite and breed on grape berries (Ho and Chen 1994; Ashihara 1996BA 2011b).

Theretra clotho (Drury, 1773) Unlikely: This species feeds on grapevine (CABI 2012 cited in no ADoA 2014). However, Sphingids oviposit on leaves hawk moth while larvae feed on leaves or occasionally stems and pupate in the soil (Australian Museum 2009 cited in ADoA 2014).

135

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Thrips coloratus Schmutz, 1913 Unlikely: This species is associated with flowers (Mound & no Masumoto 2005) and not fruit (ADoA 2014). loquat thrips

Thrips flavus Schrank, 1776 Unlikely: No records have been found which associate this species no with fruit (ADoA 2014). honeysuckle thrips

Trionymus sp. Unlikely: TPPD (2011) has single record from Vitis in 1979. no

Trogoderma variabile Ballion 1878 Likely: Recorded as a contaminant of table grapes in DAFF yes (2013). warehouse beetle BAMA (s22) declared pest

Vespula germanica (Fabricus, 1793) Likely: Ward (2001) indicates that some wineries have to bring yes harvests forward to reduce losses when wasp numbers European wasp are high.

136

Table 7 Invertebrates associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association (presence on grape bunch) (if yes go to Table 8)

Xanthogaleruca luteola (Müller, 1766) Unlikely: X. luteola feeds only on elm trees although it may no overwinter in crevises near elm trees, houses, sheds and elm leaf beetle other protected places (DAFF 2013).

Xylobosca decisa Lesne, 1906 Unlikely: Lawrence and Britton (1991) indicates that Bostrichid no beetles are wood boring insects.

Xylopsocus capucinus (Fabricius, 1781) Unlikely: Larvae feed on roots and adults bore into stems (Woodruff no et al. 2014). false powderpost beetle

Xylothrips flavipes (Illiger, 1801) Unlikely: Bostrichidae adults and larvae feed on the woody tissues no of their host plants (Liu et al. 2008). auger beetle

Zygina sp. Unlikely: VAIC (2011) has single record from Vitis vinifera in 1995. no [Hemiptera: Cicadellidae]

137

Table 8 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (invertebrates)

Quarantine Organism Establishment potential Potential economic consequence pest status

Anagyrus fusciventris (Girault, 1915) Likely: Furness and Charles Unlikely: Furness and Charles no (2003) indicates that A. (2003) established A. fusciventris as parasitic wasp fusciventris parasitises long-tailed a biocontrol agent. mealybug which can be found in sheltered positions such as grape bunches.

Argyrolepidia subaspersa (Walker) Not assessed Unlikely: The paucity of available no literature on A. subaspersa indicates a non-pestiferous nature.

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) tryoni (Froggatt, 1897) Likely: Host plants listed in Likely: White and Hancock (1997) yes Hancock et al. (2000) are present indicates that B. tryoni is the most Queensland fruit fly in WA. serious insect pest of fruit and vegetable crops in Australia.

Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan, 1889) Likely: Host plants listed in Miller Likely: Is of economic importance to yes and Davidson (2005) are present several hosts and a serious pest of Spanish red scale in WA. citrus (Miller & Davidson 2005).

138

Table 8 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (invertebrates)

Quarantine Organism Establishment potential Potential economic consequence pest status

Chrysopa spp. Likely: ICDb (2011) lists several Unlikely: Furness and Charles no Chrysopa spp. present in WA. (2003) indicates that Chrysopa spp. green lacewing are biocontrol agents.

Chrysoperla spp. Not assessed Unlikely: Many species of the no genus Chrysoperla are important green lacewing biological control agents (New 2002; Pappas et al. 2011).

Colgar peracutum (Walker, 1858) Likely: Smith et al. (1997) Likely: Smith et al. (1997) indicates yes indicates that C. peracutum feed that C. peracutim can damage fruit. citrus planthopper on citrus, grape, potato and other plants that are grown in WA.

Cryptolestes pusillus (Schönherr 1878) Likely: C. pusillus is a Likely: Cryptolestes are important yes cosmopolitan species that has pests of cereals, cereal products, flat grain beetle been transported internationally in oilseeds and dried processed foods BAMA (s22) declared pest exported commodities. C. pusillus of vegetable origin (Rees 2004). is present in Australia (Tay et al. 2014).

139

Table 8 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (invertebrates)

Quarantine Organism Establishment potential Potential economic consequence pest status

Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch, 1855) Likely: Vitis vinifera, the sole host Likely: Buchanan et al. (2003) yes for D. vitifoliae (Buchanan et al. indicate that D. vitifoliae is the grape phylloxera 2003). Both table and wine grapes world’s worst grape pest. are grown extensively in WA (DAFWA 2006; DAFWA 2014a).

Dolichogenidea tasmanica (Cameron, 1912) Likely: Bailey et al. (2003) lists D. Unlikely: Bailey et al. (2003) no tasmanica as a biocontrol agent indicates that D. tasmanica as a parasitic wasp for Light brown apple moth, a pest biocontrol agent. present in WA.

Ephippitytha maculata Evans, 1847 Not assessed Unlikely: The absence of available no literature on the E. maculata bush katydid indicates a non-pestiferous nature.

Eristalinus (Lathyrophthalmus) aeneus (Scopoli, Not assessed Unlikely: Syrphidae adults are no 1763) pollen and nectar feeders and can be pollinators of major significance hover fly Most Eristalinae are saprophagous (Evenhuis 1989).

140

Table 8 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (invertebrates)

Quarantine Organism Establishment potential Potential economic consequence pest status

Euproctis paradoxa (Butler, 1886) Likely: Poole et al. (2011) lists E. Likely: Hely et al. (1982) indicates yes paradoxa hostplants as Avocado, that E. paradoxa can feed on the native tussock moth grape, nectarine, peach and stalks of ripening grapes and cause radiata pine which are grown heavy fruit fall. extensively in WA (DAFWA 2006; DAFWA 2014a).

Graptostethus sp. Likely: JD Swan (2011, pers. Likely: Chin et al. (2009) indicates yes comm.) lists Graptostethus sp. as that when these bugs swarm, they crusader bug a pest of Vitis which is grown generally do not feed but may cause extensively in WA (DAFWA 2006; physical damage by breaking off DAFWA 2014a). stems or cause scratch marks on leaves, flowers or fruit by moving on the plants in such large numbers.

Misumena spp. Not assessed Unlikely: Spiders in this genus are no predators not plant pests (DAFF crab spider 2013).

141

Table 8 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (invertebrates)

Quarantine Organism Establishment potential Potential economic consequence pest status

Ozoliarus pitta Löcker, 2006 Likely: Both table and wine Unlikely: The absence of available no grapes are grown extensively in literature on O. pitta indicates a non- WA (DAFWA 2006; DAFWA pestiferous nature. 2014a).

Parthenolecanium corni corni (Bouché, 1844) Likely: P. corni is highly Likely: ‘Infestations of P. corni result yes polyphagous with host plants in at in reduced vigour and general European fruit lecanium scale least 40 families (Ben-Dov 2014b) debility of the host plant. Heavy many of which are present in infestations may result in chlorotic Western Australia. spotting and premature shedding of leaves, wilting and dieback of stems. Honeydew deposited on the leaves and fruit serves as a medium for the growth of black sooty moulds. The sooty mould results in a reduction of photosynthetic area and lowers the market value of ornamental plants and plant produce’ (CABI 2014). Capable of transmission of Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (Sforza et al. 2003).

142

Table 8 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (invertebrates)

Quarantine Organism Establishment potential Potential economic consequence pest status

Philonthus spp. Stephens, 1829 Likely: Philonthus spp. have been Unlikely: Most Staphylinidae live in no introduced toAustralia by exported decomposing plant and/or animal rove beetle commodities and established matter. Most adults are predators, (Moore 1968). some are parasitoids of other insects (Hangay & Zborowski 2010).

Phytoseius hongkongensis Swirski & Shechter, 1961 Likely: P. hongkongensis has Unlikely: (Jeppson et al. 1975) no been recorded from Vitis vinifera, indicates that mites of the predatory mite (ASCU 2011) which is grown Phytoseiidae are an effective and extensively in WA (DAFWA 2006; widespread biocontrol agent. DAFWA 2014a).

Phytoseius woolwichensis Schicha, 1977 Likely: P. woolwichensis has Unlikely: Jeppson et al. (1975) no been recorded from Vitis vinifera indicates that mites of the predatory mite and other plant species (ASCU Phytoseiidae are an effective and 2011), that are grown extensively widespread biocontrol agent. in WA.

Proprioseiopsis peltatus (Van der Merwe, 1968) Likely: P. peltatus has been Unlikely: Jeppson et al. (1975) no recorded from Vitis vinifera and indicates that mites of the predatory mite other plant species (ASCU 2011), Phytoseiidae are an effective and that are grown extensively in WA. widespread biocontrol agent.

143

Table 8 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (invertebrates)

Quarantine Organism Establishment potential Potential economic consequence pest status

Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (Targioni Tozzetti, 1886) Likely: P. pentagona is highly Likely: P. pentagona is a highly yes polyphagous (Ben-Dov 2014c) destructive pest of fruit trees and peach white scale with many host plants present in woody ornamentals throughout the Western Australia. world (Hanks & Denno 1993; Ben- Dov 2014c).

Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell, 1897) Likely: Ben-Dov et al. (2010) lists Likely: Furness and Charles (2003) yes an extensive host range for P. indicates that a heavy infestation of citrophilus mealybug calceolariae, many of which are P. calceolariae can render a crop grown in WA. unsaleable.

Psychoda alternata Say, 1824 Not assessed Unikely: Larvae live in moist areas no around sewage plants and drain moth fly pipes (Barnes 2009 cited in DAFF 2013).

Rhizobius ruficollis Lea Likely: Furness and Charles Unikely: Furness and Charles no (2003) indicates that R. ruficollis (2003) indicates that R. ruficollis is a ladybird parasitises long-tailed a pest with biological control agent an extensive host range and is present in WA

144

Table 8 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (invertebrates)

Quarantine Organism Establishment potential Potential economic consequence pest status

Scelodonta brevipilis Lea, 1915 Likely: QDPIF (2011) indicates Unikely: The paucity of available no that S. brevipilis has been literature on E. maculata indicates a recorded from Vitis vinifera. non-pestiferous nature.

Scutiphora pedicellata (Kirby, 1826) Likely: Fletcher (2007) indicates Likely: Fletcher (2007) indicates yes that S. pedicellata been recorded that S. pedicellata been recorded as metallic shield bug as affecting native figs, fruit trees affecting native figs, fruit trees such such as apricot, cherry, peach as apricot, cherry, peach and pear, and pear, and grapes which are and grapes which are grown in WA. grown in WA.

Spilostethus decoratus (Stål, 1866) Not assessed Unlikely: The absence of available no literature including that available in milkweed bug Slater (1985) regarding S. decoratus indicates a non- pestiferous nature.

Testrica antica Walker, 1867 Not assessed Unikely: The paucity of available no literature on Testrica antica indicates a non-pestiferous nature.

145

Table 8 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (invertebrates)

Quarantine Organism Establishment potential Potential economic consequence pest status

Tetracnemoidea brevicornis (Girault, 1915) Likely: Furness and Charles Unlikely: Furness and Charles no (2003) indicates that T. (2003) indicates that T. brevicornis parasitic wasp brevicornis parasitises long-tailed is a biological control agent. a pest with an extensive host range and is present in WA.

Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, 1927 Likely: T. kanzawai has Likely: Tetranychus kanzawai is a yes established in Queensland and significant polyphagous pest subject Kanzawa spider mite New South Wales (Walter 1999). to quarantine measures in many parts of the world (Navajas et al. 2001 cited inBA 2011a).

Trogoderma variabile Ballion 1878 Likely: T. variabile has become Likely: Internationally significant yes established in Australia, with invasive pest of packed goods and warehouse beetle restricted distribution in stored grain (Castalanelli et al. BAMA (s22) declared pest Queensland and WA (Rees et al. 2011). 2003).

Vespula germanica (Fabricus, 1793) Likely: Spradbery and Maywald Likely: Davis (2004) outlines the yes (1992) outlines the climatic economic and social consequences European wasp suitability of WA for V. germanica. of European wasp.

146

Pest categorisation of pathogen organisms

Table 9 Bacteria and phytoplasma associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to Table 14)

Acholeplasmatales: Buckland Valley grapevine yellows (BVGY) Constable et al. Vic. (Constable et al. yes Acholeplasmataceae 2009 2002) Australian grapevine yellows

Acholeplasmatales: ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ Zreik, Constable et al. WA (Davis et al. 1997) no Acholeplasmataceae Carle, Bové & Garnier, 1995 2009 Qld (Davis et al. 1997) NSW (Davis et al. 1997) Australian grapevine yellows Vic. (Davis et al. 1997) NT (Davis et al. 1997; APVMA 2011)

Acholeplasmatales: ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense’ Davis, Davis et al. WA (Streten et al. 2005) no Acholeplasmataceae Dally, Gundersen, Lee & Habili, 1997 1997 Qld (Streten et al. 2005) NSW (APPDb 2011) Australian grapevine yellows Vic. (Padovan et al. 1995) SA (Davis et al. 1997) NT (Streten et al. 2005)

147

Table 9 Bacteria and phytoplasma associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to Table 14)

Bacillales: Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915 PHA 2001a WA (PHA 2001a) no Bacillaceae Qld (APVMA 2011) NSW (PHA 2001a) Vic. (APVMA 2011) Tas. (APVMA 2011) SA (PHA 2001a) NT (APVMA 2011)

Enterobacteriales: Pantoea agglomerans (Ewing & Fife, 1972) ADoA 2014 WA (ADoA 2014) no Enterobacteriaceae Gavini etal., 1989 Qld (ADoA 2014) NSW (ADoA 2014) bacterial grapevine blight Vic. (ADoA 2014)

Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonas syringae van Hall, 1902 PHA 2001a WA (PHA 2001a) no Pseudomonadaceae Qld (PHA 2001a) NSW (PHA 2001a) Vic. (PHA 2001a) Tas. (PHA 2001a) SA (PHA 2001a) NT (PHA 2001a)

148

Table 9 Bacteria and phytoplasma associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to Table 14)

Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall, PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Pseudomonadaceae 1902 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b)

Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder, 1930) ADoA 2014 WA (ADoA 2014) no Pseudomonadaceae Dowson, 1939 Qld (ADoA 2014) NSW (ADoA 2014) leaf spot Vic. (ADoA 2014) Tas. (ADoA 2014)

Rhizobiales: Rhizobium radiobacter (Beijerinck & van Delden ADoA 2014 WA (ADoA 2014) no Rhizobiaceae 1902) Young et al., 2001, comb. nov. Qld (ADoA 2014) [syn.: Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith & NSW (ADoA 2014) Townsend) Conn, 1942] Vic. (ADoA 2014) Tas. (ADoA 2014) crown gall SA (ADoA 2014)

149

Table 9 Bacteria and phytoplasma associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to Table 14)

Rhizobiales: Rhizobium rubi (Hildebrand, 1940) Young et al., PHA 2001a NSW (PHA 2001a) yes Rhizobiaceae 2001 comb. nov. SA (PHA 2001a) [syn.: Agrobacterium rubi (Hildebrand, 1940) Starr and Weiss, 1943] crown gall

Rhizobiales: Rhizobium vitis (Ophel & Kerr, 1990) Young et PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Rhizobiaceae al., 2001 NSW (PHA 2001b) [syn.: Agrobacterium vitis Ophel & Kerr, 1990] Vic (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b) crown gall

Peronosporales: Phytophthora cryptogea Pethybri. & Laff., 1919 PHA 2001a WA (PHA 2001a) no Pythiaceae Qld (PHA 2001a) NSW (PHA 2001a) Vic. (PHA 2001a) Tas. (PHA 2001a) SA (PHA 2001a)

150

Table 9 Bacteria and phytoplasma associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to Table 14)

Peronosporales: Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker, 1931 PHA 2001a WA (PHA 2001a) no Pythiaceae Qld (PHA 2001a) NSW (PHA 2001a) Vic. (PHA 2001a) Tas. (PHA 2001a) SA (PHA 2001a)

Peronosporales: Pythium debaryanum Hesse BA 2005 WA (Barbetti & MacNish no Pythiaceae damping off 1978) Aust (BA 2005)

Peronosporales: Pythium middletonii Sparrow BA 2005 WA (Barbetti & MacNish no Pythiaceae 1978) Aust (BA 2005)

Peronosporales: Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Berl. & PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Pythiaceae De Toni, 1888 Qld (PHA 2001b) downy mildew NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

151

Table 9 Bacteria and phytoplasma associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to Table 14)

Xanthomodadales: Xanthomonas arboricola Vauterin et al., 1995 ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Xanthomonadaceae Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b)

152

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Agaricales: Niaceae Lachnella alboviolascens (Alb. & Schwein.) Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Fr., 1849 Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983) SA (Cook & Dubae [syn.: Cyphella curreyi Berk. & Broome, 1989) 1861]

Agaricales: Niaceae Lachnella villosa (Pers.) Gillet, 1880 PHA 2001b WA (AHV 2011) no Vic. (PHA 2001b)

Agaricales: Armillaria luteobubalina Watling & Kile, PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Physalacriaceae 1978 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) Armillaria root rot ACT (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b)

Agaricales: Coprinellus micaceus (Bull.) Vilgalys, PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Psathyrellaceae Hopple & Jacq. Johnson, 2001 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) [syn.: Coprinus micaceus (Bull.) Fr., 1838] Vic. (PHA 2001b)

153

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Atheliales: Atheliaceae Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Teleomorph: Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu Qld (PHA 2001b) & Kimbr. NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) [syn: Corticium rolfsii Curzi] Tas. (PHA 2001b) Sclerotium stem rot SA (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

Agaricales: Schizophyllum commune (L.) Fr., 1815 PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Schizophyllaceae Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (Sampson & Walker 1982) SA (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

154

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeria australis (Cooke) Petr., PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Botryosphaeriaceae 1975 NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) [ana: Neofusicoccum australe (Slippers, SA (PHA 2001b) Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. Phillips, 2006]

Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces. & PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Botryosphaeriaceae De Not., 1863 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) [ana: Fusicoccum aesculi Corda] Vic. (PHA 2001b) Macrophoma rot

Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeria iberica A.J.L. Phillips, J. PHA 2001b Vic. (PHA 2001b) yes Botryosphaeriaceae Luque & A. Alves, 2005 SA (PHA 2001b) [ana.: Dothiorella iberica A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & A. Alves, 2005]

155

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeria lutea A.J.L. Phillips, 2002 PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Botryosphaeriaceae Qld (PHA 2001b) [ana.: Neofusicoccum luteum (Pennycook NSW (PHA 2001b) & Samuels) Crous, Slippers and A.J.L. Vic. (PHA 2001b) Phillips, 2006; syn.: Fusicoccum luteum Pennycook & Samuels, 1985]

Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeria obtusa (Schwein.) PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Botryosphaeriaceae Shoemaker, 1964 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) [syn.: Physalospora obtusa (Schwein.) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Cooke, 1892] Tas. (Sampson & bark: pome fruit necrosis Walker 1982) SA (PHA 2001b)

156

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Botryosphaeriales: Botryoshaeria parva Pennycook & PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Botryosphaeriaceae Samuels, 1985 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) [ana.: Neofusicoccum parvum (Pennycook Vic. (Slippers et al. & Samuels) Crous, Slippers & A.J.L. 2004) Phillips, 2006] NT (PHA 2001b) [syn.: Fusicoccum parvum Pennycook & Samuels, 1985]

Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeria ribis Gossenb. & Duggar, PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no 1911 Qld (PHA 2001b) Botryosphaeriaceae NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b)

Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeria sarmentosum A.J.L. PHA 2001b Qld (APPDb 2011) yes Botrysphaeriaceae Phillips, J. Luque & A. Alves, 2005 NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) [ana.: Dothiorella sarmentorum (Fr.) A.J.L. SA (Cook & Dubae Phillips, A. Alves & J. Luque, 2005; syn.: 1989) Diplodia sarmentorum (Fr.) Fr., 1849]

157

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeria stevensii Shoemaker, 1964 PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Botryosphaeriaceae NSW (PHA 2001b) [ana.: Diplodia mutila (Fr.) Mont., 1834] ACT (PHA 2001b) black dead arm Vic. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b)

Botryosphaeriales: Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Botrysphaeriaceae Maubl. Qld (PHA 2001b) [syn: Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. NSW (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b) Teleomorph: Botryosphaeria rhodina NT (PHA 2001b) (Berk. & Curtis) Arx

Lasiodiplodia cane dieback

158

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Botryosphaeriales: Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Botrysphaeriaceae 1947 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) ACT (PHA 2001b) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (Sampson & Walker 1982) SA (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

Botryosphaeriales: Microdiplodia inconspicua (Cooke) Allesch. Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Botrysphaeriaceae 1901 Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983) [syn: Diplodia sclerotiorum Viala & Sacc., 1892]

Botryosphaeriales: Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (penz.) Crous ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Botrysphaeriaceae & Slippers, 2006 Qld (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

159

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Botryosphaeriales: Phyllosticta sp. BA 2011b WA (BA 2011b) yes Botrysphaeriaceae Qld (BA 2011b) leaf spot NSW (BA 2011b) Vic (BA 2011b) SA (BA 2011b) NT (BA 2011b)

Botryosphaeriales: Spencermartinsia viticola (A.J.L. Phillips & APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Incertae sedis J. Luque) A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Crous, NSW (APPDb 2011) 2008 SA (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Botryosphaeria viticola A.J.L. Phillips & J. Luque, 2005, Dothiorella viticola A.J.L. Phillips & J. Luque, 2005]

Calosphaeriales: Pleurostomophora richardsiae (Nannf.) L. APPDb 2011 Qld (APPDb 2011) yes Pleuostomataceae Mostert, W. Gams & Crous, 2004 NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Phialophora richardsiae (Nannf.) SA (APPDb 2011) Conant, 1937] NT (APPDb 2011)

160

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Capnodiales: Capnodium elongatum Berk. & Desm., PHA 2001b Qld (PHA 2001b) yes Capnodiaceae 1849

Capnodiales: Leptoxyphium fumago (Woron.) R.C. PHA 2001b Qld (PHA 2001b) yes Capnodiaceae Srivast., 1982 [syn.: Fumago vagans Pers., 1822, Cladosporium fumago Link, 1824, Caldariomyces fumago Woron., 1926]

Capnodiales: Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Davidiellaceae G.A. de Vries, 1952 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) ACT (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

161

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Capnodiales: Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Link, 1816 Cook & Dubae WA (PHA 2001b) no Davidiellaceae 1989 Qld (PHA 2001b) berry rot NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

Capnodiales: Cladosporium sphaerospermum Penz., PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Davidiellaceae 1882 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b)

Capnodiales: Cladosporium uvarum McAlpine, 1898 Dugan et al. 2004 Vic. (Dugan et al. 2004) yes Davidiellaceae

Capnodiales: Cercospora apii Fresen., 1863 PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Mycosphaerellaceae Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

162

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Capnodiales: Mycosphaerella succedanea (Pass.) APPDb 2011 Vic. (APPDb 2011) yes Mycosphaerellaceae Tomilin, 1970 [syn.: Sphaerella succedanea Pass., 1887]

Capnodiales: Passalora dissiliens (Duby) U. Braun & Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Mycosphaerellaceae Crous, 2003 Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983) [syn.: Phaeoramularia dissiliens (Duby) Deighton, 1976]

Capnodiales: Pseudocercospora vitis (Lév.) Speg., 1910 PHA 2001b Qld (PHA 2001b) yes Mycosphaerellaceae NSW (PHA 2001b) leaf blight; Isariopsis leaf spot Vic. (PHA 2001b) SA (Cook & Dubae 1989)

Capnodiales: Septoria vitis Lév., 1846 Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Mycosphaerellaceae Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983)

Capnodiales: Sphaerella fumaginea Catt., 1879 Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Mycosphaerellaceae Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983)

163

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Capnodiales: Sphaerella vitis Fuckel, 1870 Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Mycosphaerellaceae Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983)

Diaporthales: Diaporthe australafricana Crous & Van PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Diaporthaceae Niekerk, 2005 NSW (Merrin et al. 1995) Vic. (Scheper et al. [syn.: Diaporthe perjuncta Niessl, 1876, 2000) Diaporthe viticola Nitschke, 1870] Tas. (Scheper et al. 2000) SA (PHA 2001b)

Diaporthales: Phomopsis viticola (Sacc.) Sacc., 1915 PHA 2001b Qld (PHA 2001b) yes Diaporthaceae NSW (PHA 2001b) [tel. Diaporthe amplelina (Berk. & M.A. Vic. (PHA 2001b) Curtis) R.R. Gomes, C. Glienke & Crous, Tas. (Mostert et al. 2013; syn.: Phoma viticola Sacc., 1880] 2001) Phomopsis cane and leaf spot SA (PHA 2001b)

164

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Diaporthales: Diaporthe rudis (Fr.) Nitschke, 1870 ADoA 2014 NSW (PHA 2001b) yes Diaporthaceae [Diaporthe faginea Sacc. (Curr), 1882]]

[syn.: Diaporthe medusaea Nitschke 1870]

Dothideales: Aureobasidium pullulans (De Bary) G. PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Dothioraceae Arnaud, 1918 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) [syn.: Anthostomella pullans (de Bary & ACT (PHA 2001b) Lowethal) F.T. Benn 1928 Vic. (PHA 2001b) blue stain: wood Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

Dothideales: Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans Washington & NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Dothioraceae 1918 Nancarrow 1983 Vic. (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Aureobasidium vitis var. tuberculatum McAlpine, 1898]

165

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Diaporthales: Greeneria uvicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) PHA 2001b Qld (PHA 2001b) yes Gnomoniaceae Punith., 1974 NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (Washington & [syn.: Melanconium fuligineum (Scribn. & Nancarrow 1983) Viala) Cavara, 1888; Phoma uvicola Berk. & M.A. Curtis, 1873] bitter rot

Diaporthales: Coniella fragariae (Oudem) B. Sutton, PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Schizoparmaceae 1977 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) [syn.: Coniella diplodiella (Speg.) Petr. & Vic. (PHA 2001b) Syd., 1927] [syn.: Pilidiella diplodiella (Speg.) Crous & Van Niekerk, 2004] white rot

166

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Diaporthales: Pilidiella castaneicola (Ellis & Everh.) Arx ADoA 2014 Qld (PHA 2001b) yes Schizoparmaceae NSW (PHA 2001b) [tele.: Schizoparme straminea Shear] Vic. (PHA 2001b) [syn.: Coniella castaneicola (Ellis & Everh.) NT (PHA 2001b) B. Sutton ]

Diaporthales: Phaeoacremonium aleophilum W. Gams, APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Togniniaceae Crous, M.J. Wingf. & Mugnai, 1996 Vic. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011) [tel: Togninia minima (Tul. & C. Tul.) Berl., 1900] Esca /Petri disease

Diaporthales: Phaeoacremonium australiense L. Mostert, Mostert et al. Vic. (Mostert et al. yes Togniniaceae Summerb. & Crous, 2005 2006 2006) Esca /Petri disease

167

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Diaporthales: Phaeoacremonium parasiticum (Ajello, APPDb 2011 Qld (APPDb 2011) yes Togniniaceae Georg & C.J. Wang) W. Gams, rous & M.J. Vic. (Mostert et al. Wingf., 1996 2006) SA (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Togninia parasitica L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous, 2006; syn.: Phialophora parasitica Ajello, Georg & C.J.K. Wang, 1974]

Diaporthales: Cytospora mammosa McAlpine, 1898 Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Valsaceae Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983)

Erysiphales: Erysiphe necator Schwein., 1834 PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Erysiphaceae Qld (PHA 2001b) grapevine powdery mildew NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

Eurotiales: Aspergillus aculeatus Iizuka, 1953 APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Trichocomaceae

168

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Eurotiales: Aspergillus atropurpureus Zimm., 1902 Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Trichocomaceae Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983) black mould

Eurotiales: Aspergillus carbonarius (Bainier) Thom, PHA 2001b Qld (Leong 2005) yes Trichocomaceae 1916 NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (Leong 2005) SA (Leong 2005)

Eurotiales: Aspergillus fumigatus Fresen., 1863 ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Trichocomacae Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b)

Eurotiales: Aspergillus glaucus (L.) Link, 1809 APPDb 2011 WA Likely: considered no Trichocomaceae cosmopolitan [tel.: Eurotium herbariorum (F.H. Wigg.) (Christensen 1980) Link, 1809] Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011)

169

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Eurotiales: Aspergillus niger Tiegh., 1867 PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Trichocomaceae Qld (PHA 2001b) berry rot (secondary) NSW (PHA 2001b) ACT (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b) NT (APPDb 2011)

Eurotiales: Aspergillus terreus Thom, 1918 ADoA 2014 WA (ADoA 2014) no Trichocomaceae Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b)

Eurotiales: Penicillium bicolor (Lilj.) Fr., 1832 Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Trichocomaceae Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983)

Eurotiales: Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc., 1881 BA 2011b WA (PHA 2001b) no Trichocomaceae Aust (BA 2011b) green mould

170

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Eurotiales: Penicillium expansum Link, 1809 ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Trichocomaceae Qld (PHA 2001b) blue mould of stored apples NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b)

Eurotiales: Penicillium italicum Stoll, 1894 Washington & WA (PHA 2001b) no Trichocomaceae Nancarrow 1983 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) ACT (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b)

Eurotiales: Talaromyces wortmannii (Klocker) C.R. BA 2005 WA absent yes Trichocomaceae Benjamin, 1955 Aust (BA 2005) [syn.: Penicillium kloeckeri Pitt, 1980.] Blue mould rot

171

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Eurotiales: Penicillium simplicissimum (Oudem.) ADoA 2014 NSW (PHA 2001b) yes Trichocomaceae Thom, 1930 ACT (PHA 2001b) Vic (PHA 2001b) [syn.: Penicillium janthinellum Biourge, 1923]

Eurotiales: Penicillium viticola Nonaka & Masuma, ADoA 2014 WA Absent yes Trichocomaceae 2011 Qld (ADoA 2014) Tas (ADoA 2014)

Helotiales: Botrytis cinerea Pers., 1794 PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Sclerotiniaceae Qld (PHA 2001b) [tel.: Botryotinia fuckeliana (De Bary) NSW (PHA 2001b) Whetz., 1945] Vic. (PHA 2001b) Botrytis bunch rot and blight Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b)

172

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Helotiales: Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey, ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Sclerotiniaceae 1928 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) brown rot ACT (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b)

Helotiales: Monilinia laxa (Aderh, & Ruhland) Herey, APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Sclerotiniaceae 1945 Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) ACT (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011)

173

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Helotiales: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Sclerotiniaceae 1884 Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) ACT (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (Sampson & Walker 1982) SA (APPDb 2011)

Hymenochaetales: Fomitiporia australiensis M. Fisch., J. APPDb 2011 Vic. (APPDb 2011) yes Hymenochaetaceae Edwards, Cunningt. & Pascoe, 2005 SA (APPDb 2011)

Hymenochaetales: Fomitiporia punctata (Fr.) Murrill, 1947 APPDb 2011 Vic. (APPDb 2011) yes Hymenochaetaceae

Hymenochaetales: Phellinus punctatus (Fr.) Pilát, 1942 APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Hymenochaetaceae Vic. (APPDb 2011)

174

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Hypocreales: Gliocladium roseum Bainier, 1907 PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Bionectriaceae Qld (PHA 2001b) [syn.: Clonostchys araucaria var. confusa NSW (PHA 2001b) Pinkerton, 1926] ACT (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b)

Hypocrales: Trichoderma citrinoviride Bissett, 1984 PHA 2001b Qld (PHA 2001b) yes Hypocreaceae

Hypocrales: Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, 1969 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Hypocreaceae Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011) NT (APPDb 2011)

175

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Hypocreales: Sarocladium strictum (W. Gams) APPDb 2011 Qld (APPDb 2011) yes Incertae sedis Summerbell, 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Acremonium strictum W. Gams, Tas. (APPDb 2011) 1971]

Hypocreales: Incertae Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link, 1809 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no sedis Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) ACT (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (Sampson & Walker 1982) SA (APPDb 2011)

Hypocreales: Cylindrocarpon liriodendri J.D. MacDon. & APPDb 2011 Qld (APPDb 2011) yes Nectriaceae E.E. Butler, 1981 NSW (APPDb 2011)

176

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Hypocreales: Fusarium chlamydosporum Wollenw & PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Nectriaceae Reinking, 1925 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b)

Hypocreales: Fusarium culmorum (WG Sm.) Sacc. BA 2005 WA (PHA 2001b) no Nectriaceae Qld (PHA 2001b) damping off NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b)

Hypocreales: Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl., 1824 PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Nectriaceae Qld (PHA 2001b) Fusarium wilt NSW (PHA 2001b) ACT (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

177

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Hypocreales: Fusarium proliferatum (Matsush.) ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Nectriaceae Nirenberg ex Gerlach & Nirenberg, 1982 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

Hypocreales: Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb., 1915 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Nectriaceae Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011)

Hypocreales: Gibberella acuminata Wollenw., 1935 Herb I.M.I. 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Nectriaceae Qld (APPDb 2011) [ana.: Fusarium acuminatum Ellis & NSW (APPDb 2011) Everh., 1895] Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011)

178

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Hypocreales: Gibberella avenacea R.J. Cook, 1967 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Nectriaceae Qld (APPDb 2011) [ana.: Fusarium avenaceum (Corda) Sacc., NSW (APPDb 2011) 1886] Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011) NT (APPDb 2011)

Hypocreales: Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Wollenw., Herb I.M.I. 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Nectriaceae 1931 Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) [ana.: Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld., Vic. (APPDb 2011) 1904] SA (APPDb 2011) NT (APPDb 2011)

Hypocreales: Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch, 1936 Herb I.M.I. 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Nectriaceae Qld (APPDb 2011) [ana.: Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, NSW (APPDb 2011) 1839] Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011) NT (APPDb 2011)

179

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Hypocreales: Haematonectrea haemotococca (Berk. & ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Nectriaceae Broome) Samues & Rossman, 1999 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) [Syn.: Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc, 1881 Vic. (PHA 2001b) dry rot Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

Hypocreales: Ilyonectria macrodidyma (Halleen, APPDb 2011 Qld (APPDb 2011) yes Nectriaceae Schroers & Crous) P. Chaverri & C. NSW (APPDb 2011) Salgado, 2011 ACT (APPDb 2011) [ana.: Cylindrocarpon macrodidymum Schroers, Halleen & Crous, 2004; syn.: Neonectria macrodidyma Halleen, Schroers & Crous, 2004]

180

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Hypocreales: Ilyonectria radicicola (Gerlach & L. Nilsson) PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Nectriaceae Chaverri & C. Salgado, 2011 Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) [ana.: Cylindrocarpon destructans var. ACT (PHA 2001b) destructans (Zinssm.) Scholten, 1964; Vic. (PHA 2001b) syn.: Nectria radicicola Gerlach & L. Tas. (PHA 2001b) Nilsson, 1963,Cylindrocarpon destructans SA (Cook & Dubae (Zinssm.) Scholten, 1964, Cylindrocarpon 1989) radicicola Wollenw., 1928, Neonectria radicicola (Gerlach & L. Nilsson) Mantiri & Samuels, 2001]

Hypocreales: Nectria cinnabarina (Tode) Fr BA 2005 Qld (PHA 2001b) yes Nectriaceae Vic. (PHA 2001b) Nectria twig blight Tas. (PHA 2001b)

Incertae sedis: Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds, APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Glomerellaceae 1968 Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) [syn. : Glomerella acutata Guerber & J.C. Vic. (APPDb 2011) Correll, 2001] Tas. (APPDb 2011) ripe rot SA (APPDb 2011)

181

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Incertae sedis: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Glomerellaceae Penz. & Sacc., 1884 Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) [syn.:Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Spauld. & H. Schrenk, 1903] Tas. (APPDb 2011) ripe rot SA (APPDb 2011) NT (APPDb 2011)

Incertae sedis: Incertae Cryptovalsa ampelina (Nitschke) Fuckel, APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes sedis 1870 SA (APPDb 2011)

Incertae sedis: Incertae Cryptovalsa rabenhorstii (Nitschke) Sacc., PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no sedis 1877

Incertae sedis: Incertae Papulaspora biformospora Kiril., 1971 PHA 2001b NSW (PHA 2001b) yes sedis

182

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Incertae sedis: Incertae Phaeomoniella chlamydospora (W. Gams, APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no sedis Crous, M.J. Wingf. & Mugnai) Crous & W. NSW (APPDb 2011) Gams, 2000 ACT (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum SA (APPDb 2011) W. Gams, Crous, M.J. Wingf. & Mugnai, 1996]

Incertae sedis: Incertae Robillarda sessilis (Sacc.) Sacc., 1884 PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no sedis Qld (PHA 2001b) [syn.: Pestalotia sessilis Sacc., 1878]

Incertae sedis: Incertae Torula viticola Allesch. Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes sedis Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983)

Incertae sedis: Xeromyces bisporus L.R. Fraser, 1954 Herb I.M.I. 2011 NSW (Herb I.M.I. 2011) yes Monascaceae

183

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Incertae sedis: Oidiodendron cereale (Thüm.) G.L. Barron, APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Myxotrichaceae 1962 Vic. (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Oidiodendron cerealis (Thüm.) G.L. Barron, 1962, Stephanosporium cereale (Thüm.) H.J. Swart, 1965]

Microascales: Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Broome) AQIS 1999 WA (APDDb 2014) no [Unassigned] Ferraris 1912 Aust (AQIS 1999) black root rot

Mucorales: Rhizopus arrhizus A. Fisch., 1892 Washington & WA (I Arthur 2009, no Mucoraceae Nancarrow 1983 pers. comm.) berry rot (secondary) Qld (Simmonds 1966) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011)

184

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Mucorales: Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Vuill., 1902 Cook & Dubae WA (APPDb 2011) no Mucoraceae 1989 Qld (APPDb 2011) berry rot (secondary) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (Sampson & Walker 1982) SA (Cook & Dubae 1989) NT (APPDb 2011)

Myriangiales: Elsinoë ampelina Shear, 1929 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Elisinoaceae Qld (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Sphaceloma ampelinum de Bary, NSW (APPDb 2011) 1874] Vic. (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Gloeosporium pestiferum Cooke & Tas. (APPDb 2011) Masse 1890 SA (Cook & Dubae grape anthracnose 1989) NT (APPDb 2011)

185

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Peronosporales: Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Peronosporaceae Berl. & De Toni, 1888 Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) downy mildew ACT (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011) NT (APPDb 2011)

Pezizales: Strumella vitis McAlpine, 1898 APPDb 2011 Vic. (APPDb 2011) yes Sarcosomataceae

186

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Physarales: Physarum sp. BA 2011b WA (Ing and Spooner yes Physaraceae 1994; APPD 2010 dusty mould cited in BA 2011b) Qld (Ing and Spooner 1994; APPD 2010 cited in BA 2011b) NSW (Ing and Spooner 1994; APPD 2010 cited in BA 2011b) ACT (PHA 2001b) Tas. (Ing and Spooner 1994; APPD 2010 cited in BA 2011b) SA (PHA 2001a) NT (Ing and Spooner 1994; APPD 2010 cited in BA 2011b)

Pleosporales: Incertae Ascochyta ampelina Sacc., 1878 Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes sedis Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983)

187

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Pleosporales: Incertae Ascochyta chlorospora Speg., 1879 Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes sedis Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983)

Pleosporales: Incertae Peyronellaea glomerata (Corda) Goid. ex ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no sedis Togliani Qld (PHA 2001b) [syn.: Phoma glomerata (Corda) Wollenw. NSW (PHA 2001b) & Hochapfel] Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) Phoma blight SA (PHA 2001b)

Pleosporales: Incertae Phoma ampelina Berk. & M.A. Curtis, 1873 Washington & WA (Shivas 1989) no sedis Nancarrow 1983 Vic. (Washington & Nancarrow 1983)

Pleosporales: Incertae Phoma macrostoma Mont., 1849 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no sedis NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011)

188

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Pleosporales: Incertae Phoma pomorum Thüm., 1879 Cook & Dubae WA (APPDb 2011) no sedis 1989 Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011)

Pleosporales: Incertae Phoma tuberculata McAlpine, 1898 Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes sedis Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983)

[Unassigned]: Verticillium dahlia Kleb., 1913 AQIS 1999 WA (ADoA 2014) no Plectosphaerellaceae Aust (AQIS 1999) Verticillium wilt

Pleosporales: Hendersonia corticalis Ellis & Everh. Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Phaeosphaeraceae Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983)

Pleosporales: Hendersonia tenuipes McAlpine, 1898 Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Phaeosphaeraceae Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983)

189

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Pleosporales: Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., 1912 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Pleosporaceae Qld (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Alternaria tenuis Nees, 1822] NSW (APPDb 2011) berry rot ACT (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011) NT (APPDb 2011)

Pleosporales: Alternaria vitis Cavara, 1888 Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Pleosporaceae Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983)

Pleosporales: Cochliobolus bicolor A.R. Paul & Parbery, APPDb 2011 WA (Shivas 1989) no Pleosporaceae 1966 Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) [ana.: Bipolaris bicolor (Mitra) Shoemaker, 1959]

190

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Pleosporales: Cochliobolus cynodontis R.R. Nelson, APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Pleosporaceae 1964 Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) [ana: Drechslera cyndontis (Marignoni) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Subram. & B.L. Jain, 1966]

Pleosporales: Cochliobolus geniculatus R.R.Nelson, PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Pleosporaceae 1964 Qld (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b) [ana.: Curvularia geniculata (Tracy & Earl) Boedijn, 1933]

Pleosporales: Cochliobolus spicifer R.R. Nelson, 1964 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Pleosporaceae Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) SA (Cook & Dubae 1989) NT (APPDb 2011)

191

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Pleosporales: Epicoccum nigrum Link, 1815 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Pleosporaceae Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APDDb 2014) Tas. (Sampson & Walker 1982)

Pleosporales: Pleospora herbarum (Fr) Rabenh BA 2005 WA (APDDb 2014) no Pleosporaceae Qld (APDDb 2014) bunch rot NSW (APDDb 2014) Vic. (APDDb 2014) Tas. (APDDb 2014) SA (APDDb 2014)

Pleosporales: Pithomyces chartarum (Berk. & M.A. APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Pleosporaceae Curtis) M.B. Ellis, 1960 Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011)

192

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Pleosporales: Setosphaeria rostrata K.J. Leonard, 1976 APDDb 2014 WA (APDDb 2014) no Pleosporaceae Qld (APDDb 2014) NSW (APDDb 2014) NT (APDDb 2014)

Pleosporales: Stemphylium botryosum (Wallr.) BA 2011a WA (APDDb 2014) no Pleosporaceae NSW (BA 2011a) Stemphylium rot Vic (APDDb 2014) Tas (APDDb 2014) SA (APDDb 2014)

Pleosporales: Venturia tremulae Aderh., 1897 PHA 2001b Qld (PHA 2001b) yes Venturiaceae [ana.: Fusicladium radiosum (Lib.) Lind, 1905; syn.: Cladosporium ramulosum Roberge ex Desm., 1852, Cladosporium asteroma Fuckel., 1870]

193

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Polyporales: Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd, 1921 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Polyporaceae Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) ACT (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011)

Pythiales: Pythiaceae Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert & Cohn) J. Herb I.M.I. 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Schröt., 1886 NSW (APPDb 2011) ACT (APPDb 2011) Phytophthora root rot Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011)

Pythiales: Pythiaceae Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, 1922 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Qld (APPDb 2011) Phytophthora root rot NSW (APPDb 2011) ACT (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011) NT (APPDb 2011)

194

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Pythiales: Pythiaceae Phytophthora citrophthora (R.E. Sm. & Herb I.M.I. 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no E.H. Sm.) Leonian, 1906 Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) ACT (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (Sampson & Walker 1982) SA (APPDb 2011)

Pythiales: Pythiaceae Phytophthora megasperma Drechsler, APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no 1931 Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) Phytophthora root rot Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011)

Pythiales: Pythiaceae Pythium acanthicum Drechsler, 1930 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no NSW (APPDb 2011) Tas. (Sampson & Walker 1982) SA (Cook & Dubae 1989)

195

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Pythiales: Pythiaceae Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp., Cook & Dubae WA (APPDb 2011) no 1923 1989 Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) SA (Cook & Dubae 1989)

Pythiales: Pythiaceae Pythium echinulatum V.D. Matthews, 1931 G Raven 2011, WA (APPDb 2011) no pers. comm. NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (Sampson & Walker 1982) SA (APPDb 2011)

Pythiales: Pythiaceae Pythium irregulare Buisman, 1927 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011) NT (APPDb 2011)

196

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Pythiales: Pythiaceae Pythium mamillatum Meurs, 1928 Cook & Dubae WA (APPDb 2011) no 1989 NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (Sampson & Walker 1982) SA (APPDb 2011)

Pythiales: Pythiaceae Pythium rostratum E.J. Butler, 1907 Cook & Dubae NSW (APPDb 2011) yes 1989 SA (APPDb 2011)

Pythiales: Pythiaceae Pythium spinosum Sawada, 1926 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011)

Pythiales: Pythiaceae Pythium ultimum Trow, 1901 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Qld (APPDb 2011) NSW (APPDb 2011) ACT (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011) NT (APPDb 2011)

197

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Russulales: Peniophora incarnata (Pers.) P. Karst., APPDb 2011 WA (Hilton 1982) no Peniophoraceae 1889 Qld (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011)

Russulales: Stereum hirsutum (Willd. Ex Fr.) S.F.Gray BA 2005 WA (APDDb 2014) no Stereaceae Qld (APDDb 2014) NSW (APDDb 2014) Vic (APDDb 2014) SA (APDDb 2014)

Saccharomycetes: Geotrichum candidum Link, 1809 ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Dipodascaceae Qld (PHA 2001b) fruit rot NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

Saccharomycetales: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Meyen ex E.C. APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Saccharomycetaceae Hansen, 1883 SA (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Saccharomyces ellipsoideus Reess, 1870]

198

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Saccharomycetales: Hanseniaspora uvarum (Niehaus) ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Saccharomycetaceae Shehata, Mrak & Phaff ex M.T. Sm., 1984 NSW (PHA 2001b) [syn.: Kloeckera apiculata (Reess) Janke, 1923] sour rot

[Unassigned]: Zygophiala jamaicensis E.W. Mason ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Schizothyriaceae [Tele.: Schizothyrium pomi (Mont. & Fr.) Qld (Simmonds 1966 Arx] cited inADoA 2014) NSW (PHA 2001b) [Syn.: Leptothyrium pomi (Mont. & Fr.) Sacc.] fly speck

Sordariomycetidae: Collectotrichum fioriniae (Marcelino & ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Glomerellaceae Gouli) RG Shivas & YP Tan., 2009 Qld (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b)

199

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Telletiales: Tilletiopsis washingtonesis Nyland, 1950 ADoA 2014 Vic. (ADoA 2014) yes Exobasidiomycetidae

Trichosphaeriales: Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc.) E.W. Mason, APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Incertae sedis 1927 Qld (Simmonds 1966) NSW (APPDb 2011)

Xylariales: Clethridium corticola (Fuckel) Shoemaker APPDb 2011 WA (Shivas 1989) no Amphisphaeriaceae & E. Müll., 1964 Vic. (APPDb 2011) SA (Cook & Dubae [ana.: Seimatosporium lichenicola (Corda) 1989) Shoemaker & E. Müll., 1964; syn.: Discostroma corticola (Fuckel) Brockmann, 1976;; Sporocadus lichenicola Corda, 1839]

Xylariales: Monochaetia viticola (Cavara) Sacc. & D. Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Amphisphaeriaceae Sacc., 1906 Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983)

200

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Xylariales: Monochaetinula ampelophila (Speg.) Nag Washington & Vic. (Washington & yes Amphisphaeriaceae Raj, 1993 Nancarrow 1983 Nancarrow 1983) [syn.: Monochaetia ampelophila Speg., 1910]

Xylariales: Pestalotiopsis funerea (Desm.) Steyaert ADoA 2014 Qld (PHA 2001b) yes Amphisphaeriaceae NSW (PHA 2001b) leaf spot Vic (PHA 2001b)

Xylariales: Pestalotiopsis mangiferae (Henn.) Steyaert ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Amphisphaeriaceae NT (PHA 2001b) grey leaf spot of mango

Xylariales: Pestalotiopsis menezesiana (Bres. & APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Amphisphaeriaceae Torrend) Bissett, 1983

Xylariales: Pestalotiopsis monochaetioides (Doyer) APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Amphisphaeriaceae Steyaert, 1949 Vic. (Washington & Nancarrow 1983) [syn.: Pestalozzia monochaetoides]

201

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Xylariales: Pestalotiopsis uvicola (Speg.) Bissett, PHA 2001b Qld (PHA 2001b) yes Amphisphaeriaceae 1983 [1982] NSW (PHA 2001b)

Xylariales: Seimatosporium hysterioides (Fuckel) APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Amphisphaeriaceae Brockmann, 1976 ACT (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011)

Xylariales: Seimatosporium lonicerae (Cooke) APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Amphisphaeriaceae Shoemaker, 1964

Xylariales: Sporocadus rhododendri (Schwein.) M. APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Amphisphaeriaceae Morelet, 1985

Xylariales: Truncatella angustata (Pers.) S. Hughes, APPDb 2011 ACT (APPDb 2011) yes Amphisphaeriaceae 1958 Vic. (APPDb 2011)

Xylariales: Diatrype stigma (hoffm.) Fr., 1849 ADoA 2014 NT (PHA 2001b) yes Diatrypaceae

202

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Xylariales: Diatrypella vulgaris Trouillas, W. M. Pitt & Trouillas et al. NSW (Trouillas et al. yes Diatrypaceae Gubler, sp. nov. 2011 2011)

Xylariales: Eutypa lata (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul., 1863 APPDb 2011 Qld (APPDb 2011) yes Diatrypaceae NSW (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Eutypa armeniacae Hansf. & M.V. Vic. (APPDb 2011) Carter, 1957] Tas. (APPDb 2011) Eutypa dieback SA (APPDb 2011)

Xylariales: Eutypella citricola Speg., 1899 Trouillas et al. WA (Trouillas et al. no Diatrypaceae 2011 2011) NSW (Trouillas et al. 2011)

Xylariales: Eutypella microtheca Trouillas, W. M. Pitt & Trouillas et al. NSW (Trouillas et al. yes Diatrypaceae Gubler sp. nov. 2011 2011) SA (Trouillas et al. 2011)

203

Table 10 Fungi associated with Australian viticulture

Consider Vitis spp. further Higher classification Organism Australian distribution association (if yes go to (Table 14)

Xylariales: Xylariaceae Rosellinia necatrix Berl. ex Prill., 1904 ADoA 2014 WA (APPDb 2011) no Qld (APPDb 2011) Dematophora root rot NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (Washington & Nancarrow 1983)

204

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Aphelenchida: Aphelenchus avenae Bastian, 1865 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Aphelenchidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005) NT (Nobbs 2005)

Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoides coffeae (Zimmeman, 1898) APPDb 2011 Qld (Nobbs 2005) yes Aphelenchoididae [Filipjev, 1934] NSW (APPDb 2011)

Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoides composticola Franklin, APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Aphelenchoididae 1957 Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (Nobbs 2005)

Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoides limberi Steiner, 1936 APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Aphelenchoididae [syn.: Paraphelenchoides limberi (Steiner, l936) Hague, 1967

205

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Dorylaimida: Paratrichodorus lobatus Colbran, 1965 Cook & Dubae WA (Nobbs 2005) no Diphterophoridae 1989 Qld (Nobbs 2005) [syn.: Trichodorus lobatus Colbran, 1965] NSW (Nobbs 2005) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005)

Dorylaimida: Paratrichodorus minor Colbran, 1956 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Diphterophoridae Qld (Nobbs 2005) [syn.: Trichodorus minor Colbran, 1956] NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005)

Dorylaimida: Discolaimus agricolus Sauer & Annells, APPDb 2011 NSW (Sauer & Annells yes Dorylaimidae 1986 1985) Vic. (Sauer & Annells 1985) SA (APPDb 2011)

206

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Dorylaimida: Paralongidorus eucalypti Fisher, 1964 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Dorylaimidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005) NT (Nobbs 2005)

Dorylaimida: Thornenema cavalcanti Lordello, 1955 APPDb 2011 Qld (APPDb 2011) yes Dorylaimidae NSW (APPDb 2011) SA (Nobbs 2005) NT (Nobbs 2005)

Dorylaimida: Xiphinema americanum Cobb, 1913 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Dorylaimidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) dagger nematode NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) SA (APPDb 2011) NT (Nobbs 2005)

207

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Dorylaimida: Xiphinema brevicolle Lordello & Da Costa, APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Dorylaimidae 1961 Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (APPDb 2011) dagger nematode Vic. (Nobbs 2005) SA (APPDb 2011)

Dorylaimida: Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen, 1950 APPDb 2011 Qld (I Rodger 2011, yes Dorylaimidae pers. comm.) dagger nematode Vic. (Nobbs 2005)

Dorylaimida: Xiphinema monohysterum Brown, 1968 APPDb 2011 Qld (Nobbs 2005) yes Dorylaimidae NSW (APPDb 2011) dagger nematode Vic. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005) NT (Nobbs 2005)

Dorylaimida: Xiphinema pachtaicum Tulaganov, 1938 APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Dorylaimidae Vic. (Nobbs 2005) dagger nematode SA (APPDb 2011)

208

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Dorylaimida: Xiphinema radicicola Goodey, 1936 PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Dorylaimidae Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b) NT (PHA 2001b)

Tylenchida: Merlinius brevidens Allen, 1955 Cook & Dubae WA (Nobbs 2005) no Belonolaimidae 1989 Qld (Thompson et al.) NSW (Nobbs 2005) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Tylenchorhynchus sulcatus de Guiran, 1967 APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Belonolaimidae

Tylenchida: Criconema mutabile Taylor, 1936 Cook & Dubae Qld (Nobbs 2005) yes Criconematidae 1989 NSW (Nobbs 2005) [syn.: Nothocriconema mutabile (Taylor) De SA (Nobbs 2005) Grisse & Loof, 1965]

209

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Tylenchida: Hemicycliophora labiata Colbran, 1960 PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Criconematidae Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b)

Tylenchida: Mesocriconema curvatum Raski, 1952 PHA 2001b WA (Nobbs 2005) no Criconematidae Qld (PHA 2001b) [syn.: Criconemoides curvatus Raski, 1952, NSW (PHA 2001b) Macroposthonia curvata (Raski, 1952) De SA (PHA 2001b) Grisse & Loof, 1965]

Tylenchida: Criconemoides similis (Cobb, 1918) Cook & Dubae WA (Nobbs 2005) no Criconematidae Chitwood, 1949 1989 Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (Nobbs 2005) [syn.: Mesocriconema similis Cobb, 1918; Vic. (Nobbs 2005) Macroposthonia similis (Cobb, 1918) De SA (Nobbs 2005) Grisse & Loof (1965]

210

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Tylenchida: Mesocriconema xenoplax (Raksi, 1952) APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Criconematidae Loof, 1989 Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Criconemella xenoplax De Grisse & Vic. (APPDb 2011) Loof, 1965, Macroposthonia xenoplax SA (APPDb 2011) (Raski, 1952) De Grisse & Loof, 1965] NT (APPDb 2011) ring nematode

Tylenchida: Mesocriconema rusticum (Micoletzky, 1915) APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Criconematidae Loof & De Grise, 1989 Qld (Nobbs 2005) Vic. (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Criconemoides rusticum Micoletzky, SA (Nobbs 2005) 1915; Macroposthonia rustica (Micoletzky, 1915) De Grisse & Loof, (1965]

Tylenchida: Neodolichodorus cassati Siddiqi, 1977 APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Dolichodoridae

Tylenchida: Neodolichodorus obtusus Andrassy, 1976 APPDb 2011 Qld (Nobbs 2005) yes Dolichodoridae NSW (APPDb 2011)

211

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Tylenchida: Meloidogyne arenaria Chitwood, 1949 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Heteroderidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) root knot nematode NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) Tas. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Heteroderidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) root knot nematode NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) Tas. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood, 1949 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Heteroderidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) root knot nematode NSW (Nobbs 2005) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) Tas. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005) NT (Nobbs 2005)

212

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Tylenchida: Meloidogyne javanica Chitwood, 1949 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Heteroderidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) root knot nematode NSW (Nobbs 2005) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) Tas. (APPDb 2011) SA (Nobbs 2005) NT (Nobbs 2005) ACT (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Meloidogyne thamesi Chitwood, 1952 APPDb 2011 Qld (Nobbs 2005) yes Heteroderidae NSW (Nobbs 2005) Vic. (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Helicotylenchus caribensis Román, 1965 APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Hoplolaimidae

Tylenchida: Helicotylenchus digonicus Perry, 1959 APPDb 2011 NSW (Nobbs 2005) yes Hoplolaimidae Vic. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011) NT (Sauer 1981)

213

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Tylenchida: Helicotylenchus dihystera Sher, 1961 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Hoplolaimidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) [syn.: Helicotylenchus dihysteroides Siddiqi, NSW (Nobbs 2005) 1972] Vic. (Nobbs 2005) common spiral nematode SA (Nobbs 2005) NT (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Helicotylenchus varicaudatus Yuen, 1964 APPDb 2011 NSW (Nobbs 2005) yes Hoplolaimidae Vic. (APPDb 2011) NT (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Hoplolaimus seinhorsti Luc, 1958 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Hoplolaimidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) lance nematode NT (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus alleni Ferris, 1981 APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Hoplolaimidae

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus brachyurus Filip'jev & APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Hoplolaimidae Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941 Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (APPDb 2011) root lesion nematode NT (Nobbs 2005)

214

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus coffeae Filip'jev & APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Hoplolaimidae Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941 Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) Tas. (McLeod et al. 1994) SA (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus crenatus Loof, 1960 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Hoplolaimidae NSW (Nobbs 2005) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) Tas. (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus goodeyi Sher & Allen, 1953 APPDb 2011 Qld (Nobbs 2005) yes Hoplolaimidae NSW (APPDb 2011)

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus hexincisus Taylor & Jenkins, APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Hoplolaimidae 1957

215

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus jordanensis Hashim, 1983 APPDb 2011 Qld (McLeod et al. yes Hoplolaimidae 1994) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) SA (APPDb 2011) NT (McLeod et al. 1994)

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus loosi Loof, 1960 APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Hoplolaimidae

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus neglectus Filip'jev & APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Hoplolaimidae Schuurmanns Stekhoven, 1941 Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (APPDb 2011) [syn.: Pratylenchus minyus Sher & Allen, Vic. (Nobbs 2005) 1953] Tas. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005)

216

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus penetrans Filip'jev & APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Hoplolaimidae Schuurmanns Stekhoven, 1941 Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011) Tas. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus pinguicaudatus Corbett, 1969 APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Hoplolaimidae

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus pseudopratensis Seinhorst, APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Hoplolaimidae 1968

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus scribneri Steiner, 1943 APPDb 2011 WA (Riley & Kelly 2002) no Hoplolaimidae NSW (APPDb 2011) root lesion nematode Vic. (Washington & Nancarrow 1983)

217

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen, 1953 APPDb 2011 WA (Riley & Kelly 2002) no Hoplolaimidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus vulnus Allen & Jensen, 1951 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Hoplolaimidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) root lesion nematode NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (Washington & Nancarrow 1983) SA (Cook & Dubae 1989)

Tylenchida: Pratylenchus zeae Graham, 1951 PHA 2001b WA (Riley & Kelly 2002) no Hoplolaimidae Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) SA (McLeod et al. 1994) NT (PHA 2001b)

218

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Tylenchida: Radopholus magniglans Sher, 1968 APPDb 2011 WA (APPDb 2011) no Hoplolaimidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (Nobbs 2005) Vic. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Rotylenchus brevicaudatus Colbran, 1962 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Hoplolaimidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (APPDb 2011)

Tylenchida: Rotylenchus gracilidens Sauer, 1958 PHA 2001b WA (Nobbs 2005) no Hoplolaimidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) Tas. (PHA 2001b) SA (PHA 2001b)

Tylenchida: Rotylenchus incultus Sher, 1965 PHA 2001b WA (Nobbs 2005) no Hoplolaimidae Qld (PHA 2001b) NSW (PHA 2001b) NT (Nobbs 2005)

219

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Tylenchida: Scutellonema brachyurum Andrassy, 1958 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Hoplolaimidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) [syn.: Scutellonema brachyurus Steiner, NSW (APPDb 2011) 1938] Vic. (Nobbs 2005) SA (Nobbs 2005) NT (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Scutellonema clariceps Phillips, 1971 PHA 2001b Qld (PHA 2001b) yes Hoplolaimidae NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b)

Tylenchida: Scutellonema insulare Phillips, 1971 PHA 2001b WA (PHA 2001b) no Hoplolaimidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b) SA (Nobbs 2005)

Tylenchida: Coslenchus costatus Siddiqi, 1978 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Tylenchidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) NSW (APPDb 2011) SA (Nobbs 2005)

220

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Tylenchida: Paratylenchus baldaccii Raski, 1975 APPDb 2011 Vic. (APPDb 2011) yes Tylenchulidae

Tylenchida: Paratylenchus coronatus Colbran, 1965 APPDb 2011 Qld (Nobbs 2005) yes Tylenchulidae NSW (APPDb 2011)

Tylenchida: Paratylenchus dianthus Jenkins & Taylor, Washington & Qld (Nobbs 2005) yes Tylenchulidae 1956 Nancarrow 1983 NSW (APPDb 2011)

Tylenchida: Paratylenchus hamatus Thorne, 1950 APPDb 2011 Qld (Nobbs 2005) yes Tylenchulidae SA (Nobbs 2005) pin nematode

Tylenchida: Paratylenchus projectus Jenkins, 1956 APPDb 2011 Qld (Nobbs 2005) yes Tylenchulidae NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (APPDb 2011)

Tylenchida: Paratylenchus vandenbrandei Samibaeva, APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Tylenchulidae 1966

221

Table 11 Nematodes associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go Association to Table 14)

Tylenchida: Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb, 1913 APPDb 2011 WA (Nobbs 2005) no Tylenchulidae Qld (Nobbs 2005) [syn.: Tylenchus semipenetrans Cobb] NSW (APPDb 2011) Vic. (Washington & Nancarrow 1983) SA (Cook & Dubae 1989) NT (Nobbs 2005)

222

Table 12 Protozoa associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian distribution (if yes go association to Table 14)

Physarida: Diderma chondrioderma (de Bary & Rostaf.) APPDb 2011 SA (APPDb 2011) yes Didymiaceae Kuntze, 1898

223

Table 13 Virus and viroids associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian Distribution (if yes go association to Table 14)

[Unassigned] Sobemovirus: Sowbane mosaic virus AQIS 1999 Qld (PHA 2001b) yes

Bromoviridae Alfamovirus Alfalfa mosaic virus ADoA 2014 All Australian states and no territories (Norton and alfalfa mosaic virus Johnstone 1998 cited in ADoA 2014)

Bromoviridae Cucumovirus Cucumber mosaic virus ADoA 2014 WA (PHA 2001b) no Qld (PHA 2001b) cucumber mosaic virus NSW (PHA 2001b) Vic. (PHA 2001b)

224

Table 13 Virus and viroids associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian Distribution (if yes go association to Table 14)

Bunyaviridae Tospovirus: Tomato spotted wilt DAFF 2013 WA (CABI-EPPO no 1999 cited in DAFF 2013) Qld (CABI-EPPO 1999 cited in DAFF 2013) NSW (CABI-EPPO 1999 cited in DAFF 2013) Vic. (CABI-EPPO 1999 cited in DAFF 2013) Tas. (CABI-EPPO 1999 cited in DAFF 2013) SA (CABI-EPPO 1999 cited in DAFF 2013)

225

Table 13 Virus and viroids associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian Distribution (if yes go association to Table 14)

Closteroviridae Closterovirus Grapevine leafroll-associated APPDb 2011 WA (Constable et al. no virus 1 (GLRaV-1) 2010 cited in ADoA 2014) grapevine leaf roll Qld (Constable et al. 2010 cited in ADoA 2014) NSW (Constable et al. 2010 cited in ADoA 2014) Vic. (Constable et al. 2010 cited in ADoA 2014) SA (Constable et al. 2010 cited in ADoA 2014)

226

Table 13 Virus and viroids associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian Distribution (if yes go association to Table 14)

Closteroviridae Closterovirus Grapevine leafroll-associated APPDb 2011 WA (Constable et al. no virus 2 (GLRaV-2) 2010 cited in ADoA 2014) grapevine leaf roll Qld (Constable et al. 2010 cited in ADoA 2014) NSW (Constable et al. 2010 cited in ADoA 2014) Vic. (Constable et al. 2010 cited in ADoA 2014) SA (Constable et al. 2010 cited in ADoA 2014)

227

Table 13 Virus and viroids associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian Distribution (if yes go association to Table 14)

Closteroviridae Closterovirus Grapevine leafroll-associated APPDb 2011 WA (Constable et al. no virus 3 (GLRaV-3) 2010 cited in ADoA 2014) grapevine leaf roll Qld (Constable et al. 2010 cited in ADoA 2014) NSW (Constable et al. 2010 cited in ADoA 2014) Vic. (Constable et al. 2010 cited in ADoA 2014) SA (Constable et al. 2010 cited in ADoA 2014)

228

Table 13 Virus and viroids associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian Distribution (if yes go association to Table 14)

Closteroviridae Closterovirus Grapevine leafroll-associated DAFF 2013 WA (Peake et al. 2004 no virus 4 (GLRaV-4) cited in DAFF 2013) [syn.: Closterovirus Grapevine leafroll- Aust (Peake et al. 2004 associated virus 5, -6 and -9] (DAFF 2013) cited in DAFF grapevine leaf roll 2013)

Closteroviridae Grapevine corky bark – associated with DAFF 2013 WA (DAFF 2013) no closterovirus (GCBAVO) Aust (DAFF 2013)

Picornavirales: Cherry leaf roll nepovirus BA 2005 WA Absent yes Cornovirinae Aust (BA 2005)

Picornavirales: Fabavirus broad bean wilt virus 2 BA 2011a NSW (Schwinghamer et yes Secoviridae al. 2007 cited in Broad bean wilt virus ADoA 2014 BA 2011a) BA 2011b

229

Table 13 Virus and viroids associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian Distribution (if yes go association to Table 14)

Picornavirales: Nepovirus Arabis mosaic virus ADoA 2014 Vic. (Sharley et al. yes Secoviridae 1996 cited in ADoA 2014) Tas. (Munro 1987 cited in ADoA 2014)

Picornavirales: Nepovirus Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) APPDb 2011 NSW (APPDb 2011) yes Secoviridae Vic. (Habili et al. 2001) grapevine fanleaf virus SA (Habili et al. 2001)

Picornavirales: Nepovirus Strawberry latent ringspot BA 2005 WA Absent yes Secoviridae Aust (BA 2005)

Picornavirales: Nepovirus Tomato ringspot virus BA 2005 WA Absent yes Secoviridae Aust (BA 2005) grapevine yellow vein AQIS 1999

Pospiviroidae Apscaviroid Australian grapevine viroid Rezaian et al. Vic. (Taylor & yes (AGVd) 1988 Woodham 1972) SA (Rezaian et al. Australian grapevine viroid 1988)

230

Table 13 Virus and viroids associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian Distribution (if yes go association to Table 14)

Pospiviroidae Apscaviroid Grapevine yellow speckle viroid Washington & SA (Koltunow & yes (GYSVd) strain 1 Nancarrow 1983 Rezaian 1988) Vic. (Washington & grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 Nancarrow 1983)

Pospiviroidae Apscaviroid Grapevine yellow speckle viroid Koltunow & Ali Vic. (Washington & yes (GYSVd) strain 2 Rezaian 1989 Nancarrow 1983) [syn.: Grapevine viroid 1B] SA (Koltunow & Ali Rezaian 1989) grapevine yellow speckle viroid 2

Pospiviroidae Aspcaviriod Australian grapevine viroid DAFF 2013 WA (DAFF 2013) no Aust (DAFF 2013)

Pospiviroidae Hostuviroid Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) ADoA 2014 Vic. (Koltunow et al. yes 1988) hop stunt viroid SA (Rezaian et al. 1988)

231

Table 13 Virus and viroids associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian Distribution (if yes go association to Table 14)

Pospiviroidae Pospiviroid Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) ADoA 2014 Qld (Simmonds 1966) yes NSW (Broadbent & Citrus exocortis viroid Dephoff 1992) Vic. (Washington & Nancarrow 1983) SA (Cook & Dubae 1989)

Tombusviridae Nectrovirus Tobacco necrosis viruses (TNV- ADoA 2014 Qld (Finlay and yes ?) Teakle 1969 cited AQIS 1999 inADoA 2014) BA 2011a Vic. (Finlay and Teakle 1969 cited inADoA 2014)

Tymovirales: Foveavirus Rupestris stem pitting-associated APPDb 2011 WA (Collins 2001) no Betaflexiviridae virus (RSPaV) Aust (ADoA 2014) Rupestris stem pitting

232

Table 13 Virus and viroids associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian Distribution (if yes go association to Table 14)

Tymovirales: Vitivirus Grapevine A virus (GVA) DAFF 2013 WA (DAFF 2013) no Betaflexiviridae Qld (DAFF 2013) Vic. (DAFF 2013) SA (DAFF 2013)

Tymovirales: Vitivirus Grapevine B virus (GVB) DAFF 2013 Vic. (DAFF 2013) yes Betaflexiviridae SA (DAFF 2013)

Tymovirales: Vitivirus: Grapevine virus d (GVD) DAFF 2013 WA Absent yes Betaflexiviridae Aust (DAFF 2013)

233

Table 13 Virus and viroids associated with Australian viticulture

Consider further Vitis spp. Higher classification Organism Australian Distribution (if yes go association to Table 14)

Tymovirales: Maculavirus Grapevine fleck virus DAFF 2013 WA (Constable and no Tymoviridae Rodoni 2011 cited grapevine fleck virus BA 2011a in DAFF 2013) ADoA 2014 Qld (Constable and AQIS 1999 Rodoni 2011 cited in DAFF 2013) NSW (Constable and Rodoni 2011 cited in DAFF 2013) Vic. (Constable and Rodoni 2011 cited in DAFF 2013) SA (Constable and Rodoni 2011 cited in DAFF 2013)

234

Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Bacteria & Phytoplasmas

Buckland Valley grapevine yellows (BVGY) Unlikely: Phytoplasmas are generally transmitted by no graft transmission and leafhoppers in Australian grapevine yellows grapevines ((Pearson & Goheen 1988; Constable et al. 2002). An insect vector has not been identified for BVGY (Constable et al. 2009).

Rhizobium rubi (Hildebrand, 1940) Young et al., 2001 Unlikely: Rhizobium rubi is associated with crown gall no comb. nov. on canes of Rubus spp. and Vitis spp. (Young crown gall et al. 2001).

Fungi

Alternaria vitis Cavara, 1888 Likely: Associated with grape berries (Washington & yes Nancarrow 1983).

Ascochyta ampelina Sacc., 1878 Unlikely: Ascochyta ampelina is primarily a leaf no pathogen (Kiewnick 1989).

235

Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Ascochyta chlorospora Speg., 1879 Unlikely: Ascochyta chlorospora is generally associated no with leaves of Prunus spp.

Aspergillus aculeatus Iizuka, 1953 Likely: Aspergillus spp. are often associated with yes berry rots (Pearson & Goheen 1988) and the record of A. aculeatus was from fruit (APPDb 2011).

Aspergillus atropurpureus Zimm., 1902 Likely: Aspergillus spp. are often associated with yes berry rots (Pearson & Goheen 1988) and the record of A. atropurpureus was associated with black mould (Washington & Nancarrow 1983).

Aspergillus carbonarius (Bainier) Thom, 1916 Likely: Aspergillus spp. are often associated with yes berry rots ((Pearson & Goheen 1988) and the record of A. carbonarius was associated with grape berries (PHA 2001b).

236

Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans, 1918 Likely: Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans has yes been isolated from grape berries (APDDb 2014).

Botryosphaeria iberica A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & A. Alves, Likley: Botryosphaeria species are most commonly yes 2005 associated with wood decay and canker (Urbez Torres et al. 2007 cited in DAFF 2013) but canalso be associated with bunch rot (Cooperative Research Centre for Viticulture 2005, Wunderlick et al. 2010 cited in DAFF 2013).

Botryosphaeria sarmentosum A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & Likley: Botryosphaeria species are most commonly yes A. Alves, 2005 associated with wood decay and canker (Urbez Torres et al. 2007 cited in DAFF 2013) but canalso be associated with bunch rot (Cooperative Research Centre for Viticulture 2005, Wunderlick et al. 2010 cited in DAFF 2013).

237

Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Capnodium elongatum Berk. & Desm., 1849 Likely: Capnodium sp. are saprophytic fungi that live yes on insect honeydew (Horst 2013).

Cladophialophora bantiana (Sacc.) de Hoog, Kwon-Chung Unlikely: Reported in association with canes no & McGinnis, 1995 (Washington & Nancarrow 1983).

Cladosporium uvarum McAlpine, 1898 Likely: Cladosporium spp. are often associated with yes berry rots (Pearson & Goheen 1988). C. uvarum was described in association with berries (Dugan et al. 2004).

Cryptovalsa ampelina (Nitschke) Fuckel, 1870 Unlikely: Reported in association with grapevine canes no (Mostert et al. 2004; APPDb 2011).

Cylindrocarpon liriodendri J.D. MacDon. & E.E. Butler, Unlikely: Cylindrocarpon liriodendri associated with no 1981 black-foot root disease of grapevines (Whitelaw-Weckert et al. 2007).

Cytospora mammosa McAlpine, 1898 Likely: Reported in association with grape berries yes (Washington & Nancarrow 1983).

238

Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Diaporthe rudis (Fr.) Nitschke, 1870 Unlikely Found on bark of branches and twigs,also no reported on leaves of hosts (Farr & Rossman, 2012 cited inADoA 2014). Causes bud blight of grapevine (Fukaya et al. 1988, Fukaya and Kato 1994 cited in ADoA 2014).

Diatrype stigma (hoffm.) Fr., 1849 Unlikely: Reported from cankered wood of grapevines no in California and colonisation of dormant canes/ mature wood causing vascular necrosis. (ADoA 2014). No association with grape bunches was found. (ADoA 2014).

Diatrypella vulgaris Trouillas, W. M. Pitt & Gubler, sp. nov. Unlikely: Isolated from cankers on grapevines (Trouillas no et al. 2011).

Diplodia sclerotiorum Viala & Sacc., 1892 Unlikely: Reported in association with leaves (APPDb no 2011).

Eutypa lata (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul., 1863 Unlikely: Eutypa lata is generally associated with trunk no and stem cankers (Pearson & Goheen 1988).

239

Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Eutypella microtheca Trouillas, W. M. Pitt & Gubler sp. Unlikely: Isolated from dead branches of grapevines no nov. (Trouillas et al. 2011).

Fomitiporia australiensis M. Fisch., J. Edwards, Cunningt. Unlikely: Fomitiporia australiensis has been isolated no & Pascoe, 2005 from stems and trunks of grapevines in association with canker and heart rot (Fischer et al. 2005; APPDb 2011).

Fomitiporia punctata (Fr.) Murrill, 1947 Unlikely: Fomitiporia punctata has been isolated from no stems of grapevines in association with white heart rot (Fischer et al. 2005; APPDb 2011).

Greeneria uvicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Punith., 1974 Likely: Greenaria uvicola is associated with bitter rot yes of fruit of grapevines (Pearson & Goheen bitter rot 1988). Recorded from grape berry in Australia (PHA 2001b).

Hendersonia corticalis Ellis & Everh. Likely: Reported in association with fruit (Washington yes & Nancarrow 1983).

240

Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Hendersonia tenuipes McAlpine, 1898 Likely: Reported in association with fruit (Washington yes & Nancarrow 1983).

Ilyonectria macrodidyma (Halleen, Schroers & Crous) P. Unlikely: Reported in association with black foot no Chaverri & Salgado, 2011 disease and root rot (Auger et al. 2007; APPDb 2011).

Lachnella alboviolascens (Alb. & Schwein.) Fr., 1849 Unlikely: One record of this fungus on grapevines was no associated with bark (Washington & Nancarrow 1983). Generally associated with woody and herbaceous stems (Farr & Rossman 2011).

Leptoxyphium fumago (Woron.) R.C. Srivast., 1982 Unlikely: Isolated from Vitis sp. leaf (APPDb 2011). no

Monochaetia viticola (Cavara) Sacc. & D. Sacc., 1906 Unlikely: Reported in association with canes no (Washington & Nancarrow 1983; Farr & Rossman 2011).

241

Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Monochaetinula ampelophila (Speg.) Nag Raj, 1993 Unlikely: Monochaetia species (syn.. M. ampelophila) no are generally reported in association with leaves (Sutton 1980).

Pestalotiopsis funerea (Desm.) Steyaert Unlikely: Affects leaves, stems and roots of its hosts no leaf spot (Mordue 1976 cited inADoA 2014). No report of association with grape bunches was found (ADoA 2014).

Mycosphaerella succedanea (Pass.) Tomilin, 1970 Unlikely: Reported in association with leaves (APPDb no 2011). The genus Mycosphaerellaare generaly considered follicolous (growing, or living, on leaves) (CBS-KNAW 2011).

Nectria cinnabarina (Tode) Fr Unlikely: N. cinnabarina acts mostly as a saprophyte, no living on dead plant tissue, and as such is not generally considered a serious pathogen. However, it isalso weakly pathogenic, colonizing stems and branches weakened by mechanical injury, physiological stress, or other disease (BA 2005).

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Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Oidiodendron cereale (Thüm.) G.L. Barron, 1962 Unlikely: Isolated as a saprophyte from grapevine stem no (APPDb 2011).

Papulaspora biformospora Kiril., 1971 Unlikely: Reported in association with Vitis vinifera no roots (APPDb 2011).

Passalora dissiliens (Duby) U. Braun & Crous, 2003 Unlikely: Reported in association with leaves of no grapevines (Washington & Nancarrow 1983). Causes cercospora leaf spot (Pearson & Goheen 1988).

Penicillium bicolor (Lilj.) Fr., 1832 Likely: Penicillium spp. are commonly assocatied with yes berry rots (Pearson & Goheen 1988).

Penicillium simplicissimum (Oudem.) Thom, 1930 Likely: Penicillium spp. are commonly assocatied with yes berry rots (Pearson & Goheen 1988).

Penicillium viticola Nonaka & Masuma, 2011 Likely: Penicillium viticola has been isolated from yes grape bunches (ADoA 2014).

243

Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Pestalotiopsis menezesiana (Bres. & Torrend) Bissett, Likely: Pestalotiopsis menezesiana has been yes 1983 reported in association with defoliation of grapevines and berry rot (Sergeeva et al. 2005).

Pestalotiopsis uvicola (Speg.) Bissett, 1983 Likely: Pestalotiopsis uvicola has been reported in yes association with wood and berry rot of grapevines (Sergeeva et al. 2005).

Phaeoacremonium aleophilum W. Gams, Crous, M.J. Unlikely: Reported in association with grapevine canes, no Wingf. & Mugnai, 1996 stems, trunks and cordons (APPDb 2011) (Mostert et al. 2006). Esca /Petri disease

Phaeoacremonium australiense L. Mostert, Summerb. & Unlikely: Reported in association with grapevine canes no Crous, 2005 and stems (Mostert et al. 2006; APPDb 2011). Esca /Petri disease

Phellinus punctatus (Fr.) Pilát, 1942 Unlikely: Reported in association with Esca/heart rot no affecting stems (APPDb 2011).

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Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Phyllosticta sp. Unlikely: Phyllosticta leaf spot only affects leaves no leaf spot (NPQS 2007 cited in BA 2011b).

Pilidiella castaneicola (Ellis & Everh) Likely: Causes white rot of table grapes. It affects yes rachis, pedicel and berries (ADoA 2014).

Pleurostomophora richardsiae (Nannf.) L. Mostert, W. Unlikely: Reported in association with grapevine trunks no Gams & Crous, 2004 and causing vascular discolouration similar to Petri disease (Halleen et al. 2007).

Phoma tuberculata McAlpine, 1898 Likely: Phoma turburculata was described from yes berries with soft rot symptoms (CABI Bioscience 2011).

Phomopsis viticola (Sacc.) Sacc., 1915 Likely: Phomopsis viticola is known to infect berries yes (Pearson & Goheen 1988; Savocchia et al. Phomopsis cane and leaf spot 2007).

Physarum sp. Unlikely: Physarum mould occurs on leaves of no grapevines (BA 2011b). dusty mould

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Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Pseudocercospora vitis (Lév.) Speg., 1910 Unlikely: Reported as causing leaf blight (Pearson & no Goheen 1988; APPDb 2011). Infects leaves leaf blight; Isariopsis leaf spot (ADoA 2014). No report of association with grape bunches (ADoA 2014).

Pythium rostratum E.J. Butler, 1907 Unlikely: Pythium spp.are generally associated with no damping-off and root diseases (Hawksworth et al. 1995).

Sarocladium strictum (W. Gams) Summerbell Unlikely: Associated with wood (APPDb 2011),also no sometimes isolated as a endophytic pathogen associated with twigs, leaves and clusters (Garijo et al. 2011; González & Tello 2011)

Seimatosporium hysterioides (Fuckel) Brockmann, 1976 Unlikely: Reported in association with twigs, stems and no canes (Sergeeva et al. 2005).

Septoria vitis Lév., 1846 Unlikely: Reported in association with leaves no (Washington & Nancarrow 1983).

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Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Sphaerella fumaginea Catt., 1879 Unlikely: Original description based on isolate from no grapevine branches and twigs (CABI Bioscience 2011).

Sphaerella vitis Fuckel, 1870 Unlikely: Original description based on isolate from no grapevine leaves (CABI Bioscience 2011).

Sporocadus rhododendri (Schwein.) M. Morelet, 1985 Unlikely: Reported in association with canes (Sergeeva no et al. 2005; APPDb 2011).

Strumella vitis McAlpine, 1898 Likely: Reported in association with fruit (Washington yes & Nancarrow 1983; APPDb 2011).

Talaromyces wortmannii (Klocker) C.R. Benjamin, 1955 Unlikely: Primarily reported for soil and seeds (BA 2005; no Pitt & Hocking 2009).

Tilletiopsis washingtonesis Nyland, 1950 Unlikely: Members of this genus are saprophtyes and no colonise the leaf surface (Urquhart et al. 1997 cited in ADoA 2014).

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Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Torula viticola Allesch. Likely: There is some evidence to suggest that yes T. viticola may occur on bunch tissues, as it has been reported on cane tissue of V. vinifera in Victoria (Washington & Nancarrow 1983).

Trichoderma citrinoviride Bissett 1984 Unlikely: Trichoderma sp. are cosmopolitan in soils and no on decaying wood and vegetable matter (Gams & Bissett 2002).

Truncatella angustata (Pers.) S. Hughes, 1958 Unlikely: Reported in association with stems (APPDb no 2011) and as an endophyte on twigs and branches (González & Tello 2011).

Venturia tremulae Aderh., 1897 Unlikely: Pathogen will cause leaf fall, recurrent no infection cause poor growth & dieback (Smith et al. 1988).

Xeromyces bisporus L.R. Fraser, 1954 Unlikely: Xeromyces bisporus is a food spoilage fungi, no associated with dried fruit (Dallyn & Everton 1969; Herb I.M.I. 2011).

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Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Nematodes

Aphelenchoides coffeae (Zimmeman, 1898) Filipjev, 1934 Unlikely: Aphelenchoides spp. are ectoparasites that no generally feed on leaves and stems (Luc et al. 1990).

Aphelenchoides limberi Steiner, 1936 Unlikely: Aphelenchoides spp. are ectoparasites that no generally feed on leaves and stems (Luc et al. 1990).

Criconema mutabile Taylor, 1936 Unlikely: Criconema mutabile has been reported in no association with grapes in soil around the rhizosphere (Deimi & Mitkowski 2010).

Discolaimus agricolus Sauer & Annells, 1986 Unlikely: Collected from vineyard soil (Sauer & Annells no 1985).

Helicotylenchus caribensis Román, 1965 Unlikely: Helicotylenchus species are ecto-parasitic, no semi-endo-parasitic or endoparasitic nematodes of roots (Luc et al. 1990).

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Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Helicotylenchus digonicus Perry, 1959 Unlikely: Helicotylenchus species are ecto-parasitic, no semi-endo-parasitic or endoparasitic nematodes of roots (Luc et al. 1990).

Helicotylenchus varicaudatus Yuen, 1964 Unlikely: Helicotylenchus species are ecto-parasitic, no semi-endo-parasitic or endoparasitic nematodes of roots (Luc et al. 1990).

Hemicriconemoides sp. Chitwood & Birchfield, 1957 Unlikely: Hemicriconemoides species are generally no associated with roots and found in soil around the rhisosphere (Luc et al. 1990).

Meloidogyne thamesi Chitwood, 1952 Unlikely: Meloidogyne species are associated with no roots (Luc et al. 1990).

Neodolichodorus cassati Siddiqi, 1977 Unlikely: Neodolicodorus species belong to the awl no nematode group and are associated with aquatic environments and soil (Nickle 1991).

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Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

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Neodolichodorus obtusus Andrassy, 1976 Unlikely: Neodolicodorus species belong to the awl no nematode group and are associated with aquatic environments and soil (Nickle 1991).

Paratylenchus baldaccii Raski, 1975 Unlikely: Paratylenchus species are obligate root no parasites of a large range of plant species (Siddiqi 2000).

Paratylenchus coronatus Colbran, 1965 Unlikely: Paratylenchus species are obligate root no parasites of a large range of plant species (Siddiqi 2000).

Paratylenchus dianthus Jenkins & Taylor, 1956 Unlikely: Paratylenchus species are obligate root no parasites of a large range of plant species (Siddiqi 2000).

Paratylenchus hamatus Thorne, 1950 Unlikely: Paratylenchus species are obligate root no parasites of a large range of plant species (Siddiqi 2000).

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Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Paratylenchus projectus Jenkins, 1956 Unlikely: Paratylenchus species are obligate root no parasites of a large range of plant species (Siddiqi 2000).

Paratylenchus vandenbrandei Samibaeva, 1966 Unlikely: Paratylenchus species are obligate root no parasites of a large range of plant species (Siddiqi 2000).

Pratylenchus alleni Ferris, 1981 Unlikely: Pratylenchus species are migratory no endoparasites that feed on roots (Luc et al. 1990)

Pratylenchus goodeyi Sher & Allen, 1953 Unlikely: Pratylenchus species are migratory no endoparasites that feed on roots (Luc et al. 1990).

Pratylenchus hexincisus Taylor & Jenkins, 1957 Unlikely: Pratylenchus species are migratory no endoparasites that feed on roots (Luc et al. 1990).

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Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Pratylenchus jordanensis Hashim, 1983 Unlikely: Pratylenchus species are migratory no endoparasites that feed on roots (Luc et al. 1990).

Pratylenchus loosi Loof, 1960 Unlikely: Pratylenchus species are migratory no endoparasites that feed on roots (Luc et al. 1990).

Pratylenchus pinguicaudatus Corbett, 1969 Unlikely: Pratylenchus species are migratory no endoparasites that feed on roots (Luc et al. 1990).

Pratylenchus pseudopratensis Seinhorst, 1968 Unlikely: Pratylenchus species are migratory no endoparasites that feed on roots (Luc et al. 1990).

Scutellonema clariceps Phillips, 1971 Unlikely: Scutellonema species are primarily no ectoparasites of roots (O’Bannon & Duncan 1990).

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Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Thornenema cavalcanti Lordello, 1955 Unlikely: Members of the family Diphterophoridae are no soil and marine dwelling nematodes (Nickle 1991).

Trichodorus sp. Cobb, 1913 Unlikely: Trichodorus species are ectoparasties that no feed on root sof perennial and woody plants (Luc et al. 1990).

Tylenchorhynchus sp. Cobb, 1930 Unlikely: Tylenchorhynchus species are migratory ecto- no , semi-ecto- or endo-parasites that feeds on roots (Luc et al. 1990).

Tylenchorhynchus sulcatus de Guiran, 1967 Unlikely: Tylenchorhynchus species are migratory ecto- no , semi-ecto- or endo-parasites that feeds on roots (Luc et al. 1990).

Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen, 1950 Unlikely: Xiphinema species are migratory no ectoparasites that feed on roots (Luc et al. 1990).

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Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Xiphinema monohysterum Brown, 1968 Unlikely: Xiphinema species are migratory no ectoparasites that feed on roots (Luc et al. 1990).

Xiphinema pachtaicum Tulaganov, 1938 Unlikely: Xiphinema species are migratory no ectoparasites that feed on roots (Luc et al. 1990).

Protozoa

Diderma chondrioderma (de Bary & Rostaf.) Kuntze, 1898 Unlikely: D. chondrioderma is a slime mould and was no reported in association with a grapevine stem.

Viruses/Viroids

Apscaviroid Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd) Likely: Infects systemically; present in fruit and seed yes (Hadidi et al. 2003). Australian grapevine viroid

255

Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Apscaviroid Grapevine yellow speckle viroid (GYSVd) Likely: Infects systemically; present in fruit and seed yes strain, 1 (Hadidi et al. 2003). grapevine yellow speckle viroid, 1

Apscaviroid Grapevine yellow speckle viroid (GYSVd) Likely: Infects systemically; present in fruit and seed yes strain, 2 (Hadidi et al. 2003). grapevine yellow speckle viroid, 2

Cherry leaf nepovirus Unlikely: Causes chlorotic ringspots, leaf patterns no and/or yellow vein netting. Virus transmitted by mechanical inoculation; transmitted by grafting; not transmitted by contact between plants (BA 2005).

Fabavirus broad bean wilt virus, 2 Likely: Recorded in grapevine. Probably infects yes systemically (BA 2011a). broad bean wilt virus

Hostuviroid Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) Likely: Infects systemically; present in fruit and seed yes (Hadidi et al. 2003). hop stunt viroid

256

Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Nepovirus Arabis mosaic virus Likely: This virus is associated with grapevine yes degeneration or decline (Martelli 2010 cited in ADoA 2014). Transmitted through seed of a number of species and found in infected weed seeds (Murant 1970 cited in ADoA 2014).

Sobemovirus: Sowbane mosaic virus Unikely: Virus is detected in stem tissue and no transmitted by mechanical inoculation or by seed. Infection is latent but very rare in Vitis sp. (ICTVdB Management 2006).

Nectrovirus Tobacco necrosis viruses (TNV-?) Likely The strain of Tobacco necrosis virus found in yes grapevine in South Africa spreads systemically (Cesati and Van Regenmortel 1969); probably present in grape bunches (ADoA 2014).

Nepovirus Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) Likely: Infects systemically; present in fruit and seed. yes Associated with the endosperm of grape grapevine fanleaf virus seeds (Habili et al. 2001).

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Table 14 Pathogens associated with the table grape bunch pathway

Consider further Organism Pathway association at the source orchard (if yes go to Table 15)

Nepovirus Strawberry latent ringspot Unlikely: Long distance spread occurs via infected no propagation material and local dissemination occurs via its root-feeding nematode vectors - Xiphinema diversicaudatum and X. coxi (Kreiah et al. 1994; CABI-EPPO 1997a; Adekunle et al. 2006 cited in DAFF 2013).

Nepovirus Tomato ringspot virus Unlikely: No evidence to suggest this virus is seed no borne in table grapes (BA 2005). grapevine yellow vein

Pospiviroid Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) Likely: Infects systemically; present in fruit and seed yes (Hadidi et al. 2003). citrus exocortis viroid

Vitivirus Grapevine B virus (GVB) Likely: Infects systemically; probably present in fruit yes and rachis (Martelli 1997).

Vitivirus: Grapevine virus d (GVD) Likely: Infects systemically. There is potential for it to yes be associated with the vascular tissues in table grape bunches (DAFF 2013).

258

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Fungi

Alternaria vitis Cavara, 1888 Likely: Other Alternaria spp. Unlikely: Alternaria vitis no are established in Western primarily causes a leaf blight on Australia (APPDb 2011). Vitis spp. (Deepthi et al. 2009; Suhag et al. 1982). Very little information available as a berry rot other than in (Washington & Nancarrow 1983).

Aspergillus aculeatus Iizuka, 1953 Likely: Other Aspergillus Unlikely: Aspergillus aculeatus no spp. are established in is a secondary invader of Western Australia (APPDb damaged berries (Pearson & 2011). Goheen 1988) and has been reported as a post-harvest pathogen of tomatoes (Kozakiewicz 2003).

259

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Aspergillus atropurpureus Zimm., 1902 Likely: Other Aspergillus Unlikely: Aspergillus species no species are established in are generally secondary Western Australia (APPDb invaders of damaged berries 2011). (Pearson & Goheen 1988). A. atropurpureus has not been reported as a pathogen of any other plant species (Farr & Rossman 2011).

Aspergillus carbonarius (Bainier) Thom, 1916 Likely: Other Aspergillus Unlikely: Aspergillus spp. are no spp. are established in generally secondary invaders of Western Australia (APPDb damaged berries (Pearson & 2011). Goheen 1988). A. atropurpureus has not been reported as a pathogen of any other plant species (Farr & Rossman 2011).

260

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Aureobasidium pullulans var. pullulans 1918 Likely: Hosts of the fungus Unlikely: Aureobasidium no listed by (Farr & Rossman pullulans var. pullulans as 2011) are cultivated in Auerobasidium vitis var. Western Australia. Other tuberculatum has only been Aureobasidium spp. are reported in association with established in Western grapevines twice and there are Australia (Plant Health no reports of economic damage Australia 2001). (Du Plessis 1948; Washington & Nancarrow 1983).

Botryosphaeria iberica A.J.L. Phillips, J. Luque & A. Likely: Table grape Likely: Due to their yes Alves, 2005 vineyards are located from pathogenicity, prevalence, Gascoyne region in the north distribution and tolerance to a of the State to the South- wide range of environmental West region of WA (DAFWA conditions, Botryosphaeriaceae 2006). Western Australia is a pose a significant threat to the notable fine wine producer. Australian wine industry (Pitt et Wine grape vineyards are al. 2013). located in diverse areas of the South West of WA (DAFWA 2014a).

261

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Botryosphaeria sarmentosum A.J.L. Phillips, J. Likely: Table grape Likely: Due to their yes Luque & A. Alves, 2005 vineyards are located from pathogenicity, prevalence, Gascoyne region in the north distribution and tolerance to a of the State to the South- wide range of environmental West region of WA (DAFWA conditions, Botryosphaeriaceae 2006). Western Australia is a pose a significant threat to the notable fine wine producer. Australian wine industry (Pitt et Wine grape vineyards are al. 2013). located in diverse areas of the South West of WA (DAFWA 2014a).

Capnodium elongatum Berk. & Desm., 1849 Likely: Table grape Likely: Excretion of sticky yes vineyards are located from honeydew by mealybugs leads Gascoyne region in the north to sooty mould development on of the State to the South- leaves and bunches if large West region of WA (DAFWA populations arise. Sooty mould 2006). Western Australia is a covering leaves can reduce notable fine wine producer. photosynthesis and mould on Wine grape vineyards are grapes can make the fruit located in diverse areas of unsaleable or lead to rotting the South West of WA (Dunn & Zurbo 2014). (DAFWA 2014a).

262

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Cladosporium uvarum McAlpine, 1898 Likely: Hosts of the fungus Unlikely: No evidence of no listed by Farr & Rossman economic significance (Nicholas (Farr & Rossman 2011) are et al. 1994). cultivated in Western Australia. Spores are airborne (Erkara et al. 2008). The fungus has established in other parts of Australia (Dugan et al. 2004).

Cytospora mammosa McAlpine, 1898 Likely: Vitis vinifera is the Unlikely: There has only been no only reported host of one report of this fungus Cytospora mammosa and is worldwide and it is not listed as cultivated in Western a major pathogen of grapes Australia (Washington & (Pearson & Goheen 1988; Nancarrow 1983) Nicholas et al. 1994).

263

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Greeneria uvicola (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Punith., Likely: Hosts of Greeneria Likely: Greeneria uvicola yes 1974 uvicola are cultivated in causes bitter rot of ripe fruit, Western Australia. Infection resulting in reduced bitter rot occurs from 12°C, with an marketability of wine and table optimum of 28-30°C grapes due to bitter flavour of (Pearson & Goheen 1988). grapes (Pearson & Goheen 1988).

Hendersonia corticalis Ellis & Everh. Not assessed Unlikely: There are very few no reports of this fungus worldwide and it is not listed as a major pathogen of grapes (Pearson & Goheen 1988; Nicholas et al. 1994).

Hendersonia tenuipes McAlpine, 1898 Not assessed Unlikely: There are very few no reports of this fungus worldwide and it is not listed as a major pathogen of grapes (Pearson & Goheen 1988; Nicholas et al. 1994).

264

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Penicillium bicolor (Lilj.) Fr., 1832 Likely: Penicillium spp. affect Unlikely: Species of Penicillium no most kinds of fruit and assocated with berry rot are vegetables (ADoA 2014). generally secondary invaders Many other Penicillium spp. (Pearson & Goheen 1988). are established in Western Current management practices Australia (APPDb 2011). including good hygine practices are likely to control addional Penicillium spp.(Pearson & Goheen 1988).

Penicillium simplicissimum (Oudem.) Thom, 1930 Likely: Penicillium spp. affect Unlikely: Species of Penicillium no most kinds of fruit and assocated with berry rot are vegetables (ADoA 2014). . generally secondary invaders Many other Penicillium spp. (Pearson & Goheen 1988). are established in Western Current management practices Australia (APPDb 2011). including good hygine practices are likely to control addional Penicillium spp.(Pearson & Goheen 1988).

265

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Penicillium viticola Nonaka & Masuma, 2011 Likely: Penicillium spp. affect Unlikely: Species of Penicillium no most kinds of fruit and assocated with berry rot are vegetables (ADoA 2014). generally secondary invaders Many other Penicillium spp. (Pearson & Goheen 1988). are established in Western Current management practices Australia (APPDb 2011). including good hygine practices are likely to control addional Penicillium spp.(Pearson & Goheen 1988).

Pestalotiopsis menezesiana (Bres. & Torrend) Likely: Hosts of this fungus Likely: This fungus has been yes Bissett, 1983 listed by Farr and Rossman implicated in causing severe (2011) are cultivated in defoliation of grapevines and a Western Australia. rot of berries in India and has been shown to cause fruit rotting in Japan (Sergeeva et al. 2005).

Pestalotiopsis uvicola (Speg.) Bissett, 1983 Likely: Hosts of this fungus Likely: This fungus has been yes listed by Farr and Rossman shown to cause a rot of berries (2011) are cultivated in in Japan (Xu et al. 1999 cited in Western Australia. ADoA 2014) and in eastern Australia (Sergeeva et al. 2005).

266

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Pilidiella castaneicola (Ellis & Everh) Likely: This fungus has a Likely: Causes white rot of yes variety of hosts (ADoA 2014). grapevine berries reducing Table and wine grapes are marketability and causes fruit rot widely grown in Western of strawberries (ADoA 2014). Australia (DAFWA 2006; DAFWA 2014b).

Phoma tuberculata McAlpine, 1898 Likely: Vitis vinifera is the Unikely: There are very few no only reported host of the reports of this fungus worldwide fungus and is cultivated in and it is not listed as a major Western Australia (CABI pathogen of grapes (Pearson & Bioscience 2011). Goheen 1988; Nicholas et al. 1994; Rábai et al. 2008).

267

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Phomopsis viticola (Sacc.) Sacc., 1915 Likely: P.viticola is Likely: P. viticola is a serious yes established in temperate pathogen of grapes in several Phomopsis cane and leaf spot climatic regions throughout viticultural regions of the world the viticultural world and has (Hewitt & Pearson 1988). Berry been reported in Africa, Asia, infection, either direct or via Australia (except Western infected rachis tissues can occur Australia), Europe and North throughout the growing season. America (Hewitt & Pearson Once inside green tissues of the 1988). Some areas of berry, the fungus becomes Western Australia have a latent (Erincik et al. 2002) and suitable temperate climate. infected berries remain without symptoms until late in the season when the fruit matures (Ellis & Erincik 2008).

Strumella vitis McAlpine, 1898 Not assessed Unikely: There are very few no reports of this fungus worldwide and it is not listed as a major pathogen of grapes (Pearson & Goheen 1988; Nicholas et al. 1994).

268

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Torula viticola Allesch. Unlikely: There is limited Unlikely: There is limited no scientific literature on the scientific literature on the fungus fungus T. viticola and even T. viticola. The only record for Torula species on Vitis. found detailed it on cane tissue Records found in a search of of V. vinifera in Victoria. No the scientific literature were other records of this fungus on the report in Victoria grapevines in other countries or (Washington 1983) and a Australia were found in the report from Spain listing a general scientific literature. This Torula species as an indicates this fungus is not of endophyte recovered from economic consequence. Vitis vinifera. Endophytic fungi inhabit plant tissue without causing visible disease symptoms (González & Tello 2011).

269

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Viruses/Viroids

Apscaviroid Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd) Likely: Host plants listed are Unlikely: AGVd has not been no cultivated in WA and reported as having any disease Australian grapevine viroid transmitted by mechanical effects in grapevines. AGVd means and through seed produces little or no obvious (Hadidi et al. 2003; disease symptoms (Martelli Albrechtsen 2006). 1993; Hadidi et al. 2003).

Apscaviroid Grapevine yellow speckle viroid Likely: Host plants listed are Likely: Mixed infection of yes (GYSVd) strain, 1 cultivated in WA and GYSVd-1 or GYSVd-2 and transmitted by grafting, Grapevine fanleaf virus causes grapevine yellow speckle viroid, 1 abrasion and through seed vein banding that has (Hadidi et al. 2003; detrimental effect on the yield of Albrechtsen 2006). certain varieties (Szychowski et al. 1995).

270

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Apscaviroid Grapevine yellow speckle viroid Likely: Host plants listed are Likely: Mixed infection of yes (GYSVd) strain, 2 cultivated in WA and GYSVd-1 or GYSVd-2 and transmitted by grafting, Grapevine fanleaf virus causes grapevine yellow speckle viroid, 2 abrasion and through seed vein banding that has (Hadidi et al. 2003; detrimental effect on the yield of Albrechtsen 2006). certain varieties (Szychowski et al. 1995).

Fabavirus broad bean wilt virus, 2 Unlikely: At least one strain Not assessed no is transmitted in seed of Vicia broad bean wilt virus faba but no record of seed transmission in Vitis spp. was found. (ADoA 2014). Transmitted in a non- persistent manner by aphids. No records of acquisition from infected berries (ADoA 2014).

271

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Hostuviroid Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) Likely: Host plants listed are Likely: Hop stunt viroid is yes cultivated in WA and asymptomatic in grapevines and hop stunt viroid transmitted by grafting, has not been shown to cause abrasion and through seed economic effects in grapevines. (Koltunow et al. 1988; Hadidi The viroid is only transmissible et al. 2003; Albrechtsen via the seed pathway and by 2006). mechanical means to other hosts including hops (Koltunow et al. 1988; Sano & Shikata 1988). Strains of Hop stunt viroid have been shown to cause symptoms and even death of other host species (Sano & Shikata 1988).Grapevines could represent natural reservoir from which the viroid can potentially be transmitted to other susceptible host crops (El- Dougdoug et al. 2010).

272

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Nepovirus Arabis mosaic virus Likely: Host plants listed are Unlikely: The nematode vector no cultivated in WA and virus of Arabis mosaic virus is absent has reportedly been and therefore there would be transmitted through seed little to no spread of the virus (Murant 1970 cited in ADoA (Borroto-Fernandez et al. 2009) 2014).

Nepovirus Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) Likely: Transmitted Likely: Grapevine fanleaf virus yes occasionally through is the most serious virus disease grapevine fanleaf virus seed.also transmitted by a of grapevines. The virus causes nematode vector (Xiphinema reduced number and size of index) and by grafting (Habili bunches (Habili et al. 2001; et al. 2001; Martelli et al. Martelli et al. 2001). 2001).

273

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Pospiviroid Citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd) Likely: Host plants listed are Likely: No symptoms of disease yes cultivated in WA and observed when Citrus exocortis citrus exocortis viroid transmitted by grafting, viroid infects grapevine (Hadidi abrasion and through seed et al. 2003). Rootstock of citrus (Wah et al. 1997). that produces symtoms of CEVd are no longer used through the AusCitrus program (Barkley pers. comm.).Grapevines could represent natural reservoir from which the viroid can potentially be transmitted to other susceptible host crops (El- Dougdoug et al. 2010).

274

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Nectrovirus Tobacco necrosis viruses (TNV-?) Unlikely: Tobacco necrosis Not assessed no viruses have been reported in Qld (Teakle 1988; Plant Health Australia 2001b) and Vic. (Finlay and Teakle 1969; Teakle 1988), but not on grapevine. It is not known if the species or strain that infects grapevine is present in Australia (ADoA 2014).

Vitivirus Grapevine B virus (GVB) Unikely: Not seed Not assessed no transmitted; transmitted by grafting; transmitted by the mealy bugs Planococcus ficus, Pseudococcus longispinus and Ps. affinis (Biosecurity Australia 2010). Unlikely to be co-transported with a vector insect or to be transmitted from imported fruit to a suitable host plant.

275

Table 15 Potential for establishment and economic consequences (pathogens)

Potential economic Quarantine Organism Establishment potential consequence pest status

Vitivirus: Grapevine virus d (GVD) Unikely: No reports of Not assessed no natural spread (DAFF 2013). Unlikely to be co-transported with a vector insect or to be transmitted from imported fruit to a suitable host plant (DAFF 2013).

276

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