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Causes of Khilafat Movement Pdf Causes of khilafat movement pdf Continue The First World War ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey. There were rumors that the Ottoman emperor - the spiritual head of the Islamic world - Khalifa - would be imposed a tough peace treaty. The Hilafata Committee was established in Bombay in March 1919 to protect khalifa's temporary powers. A younger generation of Muslim leaders, such as brothers Ali, Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, began discussing with Mahatma Gandhi the possibility of holding a single mass action on the issue. I saw this as an opportunity to attract Muslims under the auspices of a single movement called Khilafat and not to cooperate with the movement. 1 How the Pan-Islamist Protest Movement in India (1919-1924) Part of the series on:Islamism Basics Islam History Culture Culture Economics Economics Economics Ideology Ideology Islamism Kutbism Salafi Movement International Propaganda of Shiite Islamism Islamic Fundamentalism Concepts Apostasy in Islam Takfir Caliphate Islamic Democracy Islamic Democracy Islamic Socialism Islamic Socialism Islamic Socialism Islamic Socialism Islamic Socialism Monarchy Islamic Republic Islamization (knowledge) Jihadi Islamic Terrorism Jihadism Pan-Islamism Political Islam aspects of post-Islamism Sharia Shura Two Nation Theory Umma affects anti-communism anti-imperialism Anti-Imperialism Islamic Golden Age Islamic Revival MovementSholasty Davat-i-Islami Ahl-i Hadis Deobandi Madhalism Nurku Sahwa Movement Wahhabism International Propaganda Political Hizb ut-Tahrir Iranian Revolution Jamaat-e-Islami Mille Gure Muslim Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan List of Islamic Political Parties militant Islamism, Mena South Asia-based Basic Texts sub-Saharan Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (Iqbal 1930s) Principles of State and Government (Assad 1961) Maalim Fi al-Tariq (Wehi) (Kutb 1965) Islamic Government : Office of The Lawyer (Velayat-e-Faqih) (Khomeini 1970) Heads of State Ali Khamenei Omar al-Bashir Muammar Gaddafi Recep Tayyip Erdogan Ruhollah Khomeini Mohamed Morsi Mohammed Omar House Saud House Of Tani zia-ul-Haq Key ideologues Muhammad Abduh Jamal al-Da Hussein Ahmad Muhammad Muhammad Nasiruddin Al-Al-Ahmad Hannucci Safwat Hegazi Muhammad Iqbal Ali Khamenei Ruhollah Khomeini Nezip Fazil Kasakurek Abul A'la Modudi Taki al-Din al-Nabhani Yusuf al-Karadawi Sayyid Kuath Nawab Safavi Ali Shariati Haji Shariatullah Hassan Al-Turabi Ahmed Yasin Islamism Criticism Islamism Criticism of Islamic liberal movements in Islam Khaled Abu al-Fadl Farag Foda Abdelwahab Meddeb Maryam Namazi Maazid Navaaz Olivier Olivier also known as the Indian Muslim Movement there was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims in British India led by Shaukat Ali, Mahatma Gandhi, Maulana Hakim Ajmal Khan and Abul Kalam Azad to restore the caliphate of the Ottoman Caliphate, which was seen as an effective political authority by the Leader of Sunni Muslims. It was a protest against the sanctions imposed on the Caliph and the Ottoman Empire after World War I under the Treaty of Sevres. The movement collapsed by the end of 1922, when Turkey gained a more favourable diplomatic stance and switched to secularism. By 1924, Turkey had simply abolished the role of the caliph. Main article: Ottoman caliphate of Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II (1842-1918) began its pan-Islamic program in an attempt to protect the Ottoman Empire from Western attack and dismemberment, as well as to crush the democratic opposition at home. At the end of the 19th century, he sent emissary Jamaluddin Afghani to India. The case of the Ottoman monarch caused religious passion and sympathy among Indian Muslims. As a caliph, the Ottoman sultan was nominally the supreme religious and political leader of all Sunni Muslims around the world. However, this power has never been used. A large number of Muslim religious leaders have begun working to disseminate information and promote Muslim involvement on behalf of the caliphate. Muslim religious leader Maulana Mehmood Hassan tried to organize a national war for independence against the British with the support of the Ottoman Empire. Abdul Hamid II was forced to restore the constitutional monarchy, marking the beginning of the second constitutional era of the Mlark Revolution. He was replaced by his brother Mehmed V (1844-1918), but after the revolution the real power in the Ottoman Empire lay with the nationalists. The movement was a theme at the London Conference (February 1920); however, the Arab nationalists saw this as a threat to the persistence of Islamic domination in Arab lands. Section Further Information: Section of the Ottoman Empire See also: Occupation of Constantinople and the Turkish War for Independence Ottoman Empire, having sided with the central powers during World War I, suffered a major military defeat. The Treaty of Versailles (1919) reduced its territorial scope and reduced its political influence, but the victorious European powers promised to protect the status of the Ottoman sultan as a caliph. However, under the Treaty of Sevres (1920), territories such as Palestine, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq were cut off from the empire. A progressive, secular nationalist movement known as the Turkish national movement emerged inside Turkey. During the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1923), Turkish revolutionaries led by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk abolished the Treaty of Semur with the Treaty of Lausanne (1923). In accordance with the reforms of Ataturk, the Republic abolished the position of the caliphate in 1924 and transferred his powers in Turkey to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The Khilafat movement in South Asia Although political activity and popular protest on behalf of the caliphate appeared throughout the Muslim world, the most notable events took place in India. Prominent Oxford-educated Muslim journalist Maulana Muhammad Ali Dzhokhar has spent four years in prison for advocating resistance to the British and supporting the caliphate. At the beginning of Turkey's war of independence, Muslim religious leaders feared for a caliphate that European powers were reluctant to defend. For some Muslims in India, the prospect of being called by the British to fight other Muslims in Turkey was anathema. For its founders and followers, Hilafat was not a religious movement, but rather a show of solidarity with his fellow Muslims in Turkey. Mohammad Ali and his brother Maulana Shaukat Ali joined other Muslim leaders such as Pier Ghulam Mujahid Sarhandi Shaukat Ali Siddiqui, Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, lawyer Rais-ul-Muhajirin Jan Muhammad Junjo, Hasrat Mohani, Saeed Ata Ulla Shah Buhari, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Dr. The organization is based in Lucknow, India, in Hat Shaukat Ali, a complex of Shaukat's landlord Ali Siddiqui. They sought to build political unity among Muslims and use their influence to defend the caliphate. In 1920, they published the Hilafata Manifesto, which called on the British to defend the caliphate and for Indian Muslims to unite and hold the British accountable for it. The Hilafata Committee in Bengal included Mohmmad Akram Khan, Manruzzaman Islamabadi, Mujibur Rahman Khan and Chittaranjan Das. In 1920, an alliance was formed between the leaders of The Hilafata and the Indian National Congress, The largest political party in India and the nationalist movement. Congress leader Mohandash Gandhi and Hilafata leaders vowed to work and fight together for the affairs of Hilafat and Swaraj. In an effort to increase pressure on the British, the Khilafatists have become a major part of the unsyleted movement, a nationwide campaign of mass, peaceful civil disobedience. Some of them also participated in the protest emigration from the North-West Frontier Province to Afghanistan under the leadership of Amanullah Khan. Hilafata leaders such as Dr. Ansari, Maulana Azad and Hakim Ajmal Khan also grew up with Gandhi. These leaders founded Jamia Millia Islamia in 1920 to promote independent education and social rejuvenation of Muslims. The cooperation campaign was initially successful. The program began with a boycott of legislative councils, public schools, colleges and foreign goods. State functions and surrendering titles and distinctions. (quote needed) protests, strikes and acts of civil disobedience have spread throughout India. Hindus and Muslims collectively offered resistance that was initially peaceful. Gandhi, brothers Ali and others were imprisoned by the British. Under the flag of Tehreek-e-Hilafat, Punjab Khilafat MP comprising Mulan Mansur Ahmed and Mulan Lutfulla Khan Dankauri took the lead across India, with particular concentration in Punjab (Sirsa, Lahore, Haryana, etc.). Although the Hilafat movement was a breakdown of negotiations with the British and a continuation of its activities, it weakened as Muslims were divided between the work in Congress, the Hilafata case and the Muslim League. The final blow came from the victory of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, who had snuffed out Ottoman rule to create a progressive, secular republic in independent Turkey. He abolished the role of the caliph and did not seek help from the Indians. Hilafat's leadership is fragmented along different political lines. Syed Ata Ullah Shah Buhari created the Mejlis-i-Ahrar-e-Islam with the support of Chaudhry Afzal Haq. Leaders such as Dr. Ansari, Maulana Azad and Hakim Ajmal Khan remained strong supporters of Gandhi and Congress. The Ali Brothers joined the Muslim League. They will play an important role in the growth of the People's Appeal of the League and the subsequent
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