DOCSLIB.ORG

I Belong to Glasgow??? St Mungo and His Galloway Connections Talk to Kirkcudbright History Society, 13Th January 2021 Good Eveni

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
I Belong to Glasgow??? St Mungo and His Galloway Connections Talk to Kirkcudbright History Society, 13Th January 2021 Good Eveni I belong to Glasgow??? St Mungo and his Galloway connections Talk to Kirkcudbright History Society, 13th January 2021 Good evening. This is the third time I’ve spoken to KHS, the first was about stained glass in late 19th and early 20th century Scotland, the second was about the late 18th century radical, Thomas Muir. If qualifications are needed to talk to the History Society, mine were pretty threadbare for those talks so I thought it would be no bad thing to move to a subject that was a bit closer to those areas of history that I actually spent some time studying! My arts degree is in Mediaeval History and my divinity degree is in Church History so St Mungo ticks both these boxes quite nicely. But the main thing that led me to this topic is that today is the 1400 and somethingth anniversary of the death of St Mungo. On 13th January 614 or possibly 603 or 604, he either died in his bath, or possibly in the middle of administering the sacrament of baptism. So welcome to the sixth and seventh centuries in Scotland where dates are vague, names are fluid, the political geography is unfamiliar and established facts are as rare as unicorn eggs. There’s actually quite a lot of information about St Mungo in the song ‘Dear Green Place’ by the Battlefield Band and as far as I can tell, it’s reasonably accurate. It tells us Mungo’s given name, Kentigern (Big Chief!) and that before he arrived in Glasgow, he was based in Fife. It also establishes the location around which the city of Glasgow grew up as the point at which the Molendinar Burn joins with the Clyde. The Molendinar Burn runs from Hogganfield Loch, through Alexandra Park, down Wishart Street between the Cathedral and the Necropolis, crosses Duke Street, goes under Glasgow Green (where it merges with the Camlachie Burn) and flows into the Clyde just south of the High Court buildings. It’s culverted for most of its length. So, our song marks the beginnings of Glasgow and its link with its patron saint, but not the beginnings of Mungo. And we won’t find his origins in Fife either, although that is where he was born and spent most of his early life. We start with Mungo’s mother. She has a bewildering number of variations of her name, I’m going to call her Thenew. She was the daughter of Loth, King of the Gododdin who inhabited North East England and South East Scotland. Lothian gets its name from King Loth. Thenew became pregnant, much to her father’s anger and no effort of his could establish who the father of the child was. At this point, I need to introduce you to Mungo’s biographer. This is Jocelyn of Furness. Which Jocelyn of Furness we can’t be sure, Jocelyn of Pennington was abbot of Furness, Jocelyn of Rushen was abbot of a daughter house of Furness on the Isle of Man. Whichever one it was, it was active around the late 12th and early 13th century and produced biographies not just of St Mungo but also of St Patrick, St Helena of Constantinople and St Waltheof of Melrose. As if two Jocelyns were not confusing enough, the biography of St Mungo was commissioned by a third, Jocelyn, bishop of Glasgow who was born around 1130 and died in 1199. He was responsible for rebuilding Glasgow Cathedral after a major fire and it may be that his commissioning of the life of St Mungo was not unconnected with his plans for the new building Now there’s obviously an issue here. First of all, Bishop Jocelyn is wanting a story that is going to enhance the prestige of Glasgow and make Mungo as major a figure as possible. And the second thing is that I’ve already told you that Mungo died early in the seventh century, his birthdate is thought to have been 528 or possibly 518. Jocelyn’s biography is thought to have been produced around 1185 so it’s 600 years on, not exactly an eye-witness account! And Jocelyn tells us in his prologue that although he used older sources, he had little respect for them: Seeing therefore the life of so esteemed a bishop, who was glorious with signs and portents and most famous in virtue and doctrine, perversely recited and turned away from the pure faith, or very much obscured by a barbarian speech, I confess I suffered greatly. So, by his own admission, he is trying to clean up the earlier record and he has a very vivid way of putting it. He describes his work as an attempt to season with Roman salt what had been ploughed by barbarians Part of this tidying up may relate to the vexed question of Mungo’s father. He speaks of Thenew’s conversion to Christianity from a pagan family and about her longing that she might have a virgin birth like Mary. Now Jocelyn acknowledges that there were those in Glasgow who believed that St Mungo’s birth was a kind of repetition of the immaculate conception but he does not. This is what he says: With the unfolding of some time, she discovered herself to be with child, and her soul magnified the Lord, trusting purely that her desire had been fulfilled. However, that which was born in her womb she received from a human embrace, but as she asserted by many oaths binding her, from who or when or rather in what manner she conceived, she did not have in her conscious mind. Not very satisfactory! Jocelyn gives us no more clue about the identity of the father than Thenew gave to Loth. But other sources are more informative and it’s here that the first connection with our area occurs. Owain of Rheged or Owain mab Urien is the chief suspect. There are two versions of what happened, one is that Thenew had an affair with him although he was already married, and you can see why Jocelyn wouldn’t want to include a story like that. The other is that Owain raped her, possibly disguising himself as a woman in order to achieve his wicked way. Given that he is often described as a giant of a man, I’m kind of suspicious of that bit of the story. Thenew has been described as "Scotland's first recorded rape victim, battered woman and unmarried mother" The kingdom of Rheged is often described as mysterious and having scoured all my old text books and found a single reference on one page, I can vouch for that. I first came across the name when I visited the northbound motorway services at Tebay in Cumbria and saw notices advertising the Rheged discovery centre. An early map offers an idea of the extent of Rheged and might make you feel that a site round about Penrith would be a reasonable place for its political centre. But some research done over the last few years suggests that the royal centre of the kingdom of Rheged was much closer to here than was previously thought. Excavations done at Trusty’s Hill by Ronan Toolis and Christopher Bowles suggest that the site was a hill fort occupied by people who did not engage in agriculture themselves but managed the agriculture that was being done around the Fleet valley and estuary as well as profiting from the area’s minerals and timber. They would exercise control by gifts, promises of protection and sharing the bounties of raiding and warfare. According to Ronan Toolis, 'The royal household here included a king and his extended family and retainers, including warriors, bards, skilled craftsmen and servants. 'We found plentiful evidence of the wealth of this household including jewellery, evidence of gold, silver and bronze working on site, and pottery imported from continental Europe.' So, it may be from here that Owain, king of Rheged set off to father St Mungo, without the consent of his mother. And there is also a story that Thenew later married Owain, in which case she may have lived on this site, just a quarter of an hour’s drive away. Owain is also linked with some of the Arthurian legends but I’m not getting into that! In fact, I’m getting way ahead of myself! It’s time we got Mungo born! King Loth ordered his pregnant daughter to be thrown from the top of Traprain Law as a punishment for becoming pregnant out of wedlock. According to Jocelyn, she miraculously survived the fall but it did her little good; she was then accused of being a witch and taken out into the Firth of Forth and cast adrift in a coracle with no oars. She came to land at Culross in Fife and was taken in by the monks there and it was at Culross that she gave birth. It was there too that her son was given the nickname Mungo, which means dear one. Jocelyn’s account of Mungo’s time at Culross is a succession of stories of how the other pupils were jealous of him and constantly tried to get him into trouble, and how Mungo miraculously thwarted their schemes. Eventually, in his early to mid-twenties, he chose to leave in order to exercise a ministry in the wider world. He was present at the death of Fregus (probably Fergus) a devout old man and loaded his body onto a cart pulled by two bullocks, promising to travel where the bullocks led, to bury the old man there and to begin his work there.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kingdom of Strathclyde from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Kingdom of Strathclyde From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Strathclyde (lit. "Strath of the Clyde"), originally Brythonic Ystrad Clud, was one of the early medieval kingdoms of the Kingdom of Strathclyde Celtic people called the Britons in the Hen Ogledd, the Teyrnas Ystrad Clut Brythonic-speaking parts of what is now southern Scotland and northern England. The kingdom developed during the ← 5th century–11th → post-Roman period. It is also known as Alt Clut, the Brythonic century name for Dumbarton Rock, the medieval capital of the region. It may have had its origins with the Damnonii people of Ptolemy's Geographia. The language of Strathclyde, and that of the Britons in surrounding areas under non-native rulership, is known as Cumbric, a dialect or language closely related to Old Welsh. Place-name and archaeological evidence points to some settlement by Norse or Norse–Gaels in the Viking Age, although to a lesser degree than in neighbouring Galloway. A small number of Anglian place-names show some limited settlement by incomers from Northumbria prior to the Norse settlement. Due to the series of language changes in the area, it is not possible to say whether any Goidelic settlement took place before Gaelic was introduced in the High Middle Ages. After the sack of Dumbarton Rock by a Viking army from Dublin in 870, the name Strathclyde comes into use, perhaps reflecting a move of the centre of the kingdom to Govan. In the same period, it was also referred to as Cumbria, and its inhabitants as Cumbrians. During the High Middle Ages, the area was conquered by the Kingdom of Alba, becoming part of The core of Strathclyde is the strath of the River Clyde.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Roman Pottery Studies 15 Belongs to the Publishers Oxbow Books and It Is Their Copyright
    This pdf of your paper in Journal of Roman Pottery Studies 15 belongs to the publishers Oxbow Books and it is their copyright. As author you are licenced to make up to 50 offprints from it, but beyond that you may not publish it on the World Wide Web until three years from publication (October 2015), unless the site is a limited access intranet (password protected). If you have queries about this please contact the editorial department at Oxbow Books (editorial@ oxbowbooks.com). Journal of Roman Pottery Studies Journal of Roman Pottery Studies Volume 15 edited by Steven Willis ISBN: 978-1-84217-500-2 © Oxbow Books 2012 www.oxbowbooks.com for The Study Group for Roman Pottery Dedication The Study Group Committee dedicate this volume to Ted Connell who has given so much to the Group over many years. Ted joined the Group over 25 years ago; he has served as Group Treasurer (1994–2003) and developed the Group’s Website from 2001. Thank you Ted! Contents Contributors to this Journal ix Editorial x Obituaries Gillian Braithwaite by Richard Reece xi John Dore by David Mattingly xii Vivien Swan by Steven Willis xiv 1 Beyond the confi nes of empire: a reassessment of the Roman coarse wares from Traprain Law 1 Louisa Campbell 2 Romano-British kiln building and fi ring experiments: two recent kilns 26 Beryl Hines 3 New data concerning pottery production in the south-western part of Gallia Belgica, in light of the A29 motorway excavations 39 Cyrille Chaidron 4 A characterisation of coastal pottery in the north of France (Nord/Pas-de-Calais) 61 Raphaël Clotuche and Sonja Willems 5 Raetian mortaria in Britain 76 Katharine F.
    [Show full text]
  • A Welsh Classical Dictionary
    A WELSH CLASSICAL DICTIONARY DACHUN, saint of Bodmin. See s.n. Credan. He has been wrongly identified with an Irish saint Dagan in LBS II.281, 285. G.H.Doble seems to have been misled in the same way (The Saints of Cornwall, IV. 156). DAGAN or DANOG, abbot of Llancarfan. He appears as Danoc in one of the ‘Llancarfan Charters’ appended to the Life of St.Cadog (§62 in VSB p.130). Here he is a clerical witness with Sulien (presumably abbot) and king Morgan [ab Athrwys]. He appears as abbot of Llancarfan in five charters in the Book of Llandaf, where he is called Danoc abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 179c), and Dagan(us) abbas Carbani Uallis (BLD 158, 175, 186b, 195). In these five charters he is contemporary with bishop Berthwyn and Ithel ap Morgan, king of Glywysing. He succeeded Sulien as abbot and was succeeded by Paul. See Trans.Cym., 1948 pp.291-2, (but ignore the dates), and compare Wendy Davies, LlCh p.55 where Danog and Dagan are distinguished. Wendy Davies dates the BLD charters c.A.D.722 to 740 (ibid., pp.102 - 114). DALLDAF ail CUNIN COF. (Legendary). He is included in the tale of ‘Culhwch and Olwen’ as one of the warriors of Arthur's Court: Dalldaf eil Kimin Cof (WM 460, RM 106). In a triad (TYP no.73) he is called Dalldaf eil Cunyn Cof, one of the ‘Three Peers’ of Arthur's Court. In another triad (TYP no.41) we are told that Fferlas (Grey Fetlock), the horse of Dalldaf eil Cunin Cof, was one of the ‘Three Lovers' Horses’ (or perhaps ‘Beloved Horses’).
    [Show full text]
  • A Reconsideration of Pictish Mirror and Comb Symbols Traci N
    University of Wisconsin Milwaukee UWM Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations December 2016 Gender Reflections: a Reconsideration of Pictish Mirror and Comb Symbols Traci N. Billings University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, European History Commons, and the Medieval History Commons Recommended Citation Billings, Traci N., "Gender Reflections: a Reconsideration of Pictish Mirror and Comb Symbols" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 1351. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/1351 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. GENDER REFLECTIONS: A RECONSIDERATION OF PICTISH MIRROR AND COMB SYMBOLS by Traci N. Billings A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Anthropology at The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee December 2016 ABSTRACT GENDER REFLECTIONS: A RECONSIDERATION OF PICTISH MIRROR AND COMB SYMBOLS by Traci N. Billings The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2016 Under the Supervision of Professor Bettina Arnold, PhD. The interpretation of prehistoric iconography is complicated by the tendency to project contemporary male/female gender dichotomies into the past. Pictish monumental stone sculpture in Scotland has been studied over the last 100 years. Traditionally, mirror and comb symbols found on some stones produced in Scotland between AD 400 and AD 900 have been interpreted as being associated exclusively with women and/or the female gender. This thesis re-examines this assumption in light of more recent work to offer a new interpretation of Pictish mirror and comb symbols and to suggest a larger context for their possible meaning.
    [Show full text]
  • 4, Excavations at Alt Gl
    Proc Soc Antiq Scot, (1990)0 12 , 95-149, fiche 2:A1-G14 Reconnaissance excavations on Early Historic fortification othed an s r royal site Scotlandn si , 1974-84 , Excavation:4 t GlutAl t ,sa Clyde Rock, Strathclyde, 1974-75 Leslie Alcock Elizabetd *an AlcockhA * SUMMARY As part of a long-term programme of research historically-documentedon fortifications, excava- tions were carried 1974-75in out Dumbartonat Castle, anciently knownClut Alt Clydeor as Rock. These disproved hypothesisthe that nucleara fort, afterpatternthe of Dunadd Dundurn,or couldbe identified on the Rock, but revealed a timber-and-rubble defence of Early Historic date overlooking the isthmus which links the Rock to the mainland. Finds of especial interest include the northernmost examples of imported Mediterranean amphorae of the sixth century AD, and fragments from at least six glass vessels ofgermanic manufacture. Discussion centres on early medieval harbour sites and trade in northern and western Britain. A detailed excavation record and finds catalogue will be found in the microfiche. CONTENTS EXCAVATION SYNTHESIS & DISCUSSION (illuS 1-19) Introduction: character of the excavation and report..................................... 96 Early history.......................................................................8 9 . Clyd setting...........................................................es it Roc d kan 9 9 . The excavation: structures and finds ................................................... 104 Synthesis: history, artefact structures& s ..............................................3
    [Show full text]
  • Open; the Third Door Was Closed, That Subject
    The Powvs Review NUMBER SEVENTEEN The Powys Review Editor Belinda Humfrey Reviews Editor Peter Miles Advisory Board Glen Cavaliero Ben Jones Ned Lukacher Correspondence, contributions, and books for review may be addressed to the Editor, Department of English, Saint David's University College, Lampeter, Dyfed, SA48 7ED. Copyright (c), The Editor The Powys Review is published with the financial support of the Welsh Arts Council. We are grateful to Mr Francis Powys and Laurence Pollinger Ltd., for permission to quote from the writings of John Cowper Powys and T. F. Powys, and to the late Mrs Evelyn Elwin for permission to quote from the writings of Llewelyn Powys. The Powys Review may be obtained from Booksellers for £2.50, or from Gomer Press, Llandysul, Dyfed, for £2.50 plus 60p postage. The Powys Review is printed by J. D. Lewis & Sons Ltd., Gomer Press, Llandysul, Dyfed. Enquiries about advertisement in The Powys Review should be made to James Dawson, 99 Corve Street, Ludlow, Shropshire. Tel. Ludlow (0584) 2274. Contents Roland Mathias Reviews John Cowper Powys and 'Wales'. A Limited Study 5 Gillian Clarke Selected Poems Colin Style ANN STEVENSON 63 On Hardy's Sacred Ground: Gwyn A. Williams JohnCowperPowys's Weymouth Sands 27 When was Wales? A History of the Welsh Wynford Vaughan Thomas Peter G. Christensen Wales: A History Middlemarch: A Point of Reference in PAUL BENNETT MORGAN 64 Weymouth Sands 39 John Cowper Powys Margaret Moran Paddock Calls "Premonitory Hints and Embryo ANTHONY HEAD 67 Suggestions in J. C. Powys's Wood and Stone and Rodmoor 48 Valentine Ackland For Sylvia: An Honest Account CLAIRE HARMAN 70 G.
    [Show full text]
  • St Kentigern
    St. Kentigern St. Kentigern, was born c. 518. According to the Life of Saint Mungo written by the monk, Jocelin of Furness, in about 1185, Mungo’s mother was Princess Theneva, the daughter of King Loth (Lleuddun), who ruled in the area of, what is today, East Lothian. Theneva became pregnant - accounts vary as to whether she was raped by, or had an illicit relationship with, Owain mab Urien, her cousin, who was King of North Rheged (now part of Galloway). Her father, who was furious at his daughter’s pregnancy outside of marriage, had her thrown from the heights of Traprain Law. Tradition has it that, believing her to be a witch, local people cast her adrift on the River Forth in a coracle without oars, where she drifted upstream before coming ashore at Culross in Fife. It was here that her son, Kentigern, was born. Kentigern was given the name Mungo, meaning something similar to ‘dear one’, by St. Serf, who ran a monastery at Culross, and who took both Theneva and her son into his care. St. Serf went on to supervise Mungo’s upbringing. At the age of 25, Mungo began his missionary work on the banks of the River Clyde, where he built a church close to the Molendinar Burn. The site of his early church formed part of Glasgow Cathedral. Mungo worked on the banks of the River Clyde for 13 years, living an austere monastic life and making many converts by his holy example and preaching. However, a strong anti-Christian movement headed by King Morken of Strathclyde drove him out.
    [Show full text]
  • Vocabulary Acquisition—English Place-Names; Britain, England and UK (2)
    論 文 Vocabulary Acquisition—English Place-Names; Britain, England and UK (2) TAMOTO Kenichi 要 旨 『言語と文化』 37 号では “Vocabulary Acquisition̶English Place-Names: Britain, England and UK (1)” と題して、Britain と England という国の成立、 国名の由来・変遷について論述した。本稿は、それに続く後半部分であ り、ウェールズ、スコットランド、アイルランドがイングランドとどのよ うな経過を経て The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland （1922-現在）, 略してUKに統合してきたかを考究するものである。その際、 特に配慮したのは、これまでの研究が必ずしも十分とは言えない初期（中 世時代）の状況についてであり、紙面が許す限り、当時の歴史書、年代記 等から引用して証左を示した。ウェールズとの統合については、the First Prince of Wales の承認（13世紀）、1536年及び1707年のイングランドとの 統合法に至るまでの状況を述べた。スコットランドとの統合については、 中世・近世におけるスコットランドへの統合及びスコットランド王国の成 立（c. 843-1703）、 1703 年のウェールズ、スコットランド、インングラン ドの統合法及びその後の状況について述べた。アイルランドについても、 中世、近世の状況、アイルランド王国（1542）, 1800年のウェールズ、スッ コットランド、イングランドとの統合法とそれ以降の状況について述べ た。最後に前号に掲載した前半部と、後半部にあたる本稿の全体に関する 結論を述べ、見本教材を提示した。 1 愛知大学 言語と文化 No. 39 Keywords: Acts of Union in 1536, 1707, 1800（1536年、1707年、1800年の統 合法）、country names（国名）、English place-names（英国の地名）、 Ireland（アイルランド）、methodology of place-name study（地名 研究方法論）、methodology of teaching place-names（地名教授法）、 the Picts（ピクト人）、Scotland（スコットランド）、suggestion of materials in teaching place-names（地名教材案）、UK（連合王国）、 vocabulary acquisition（語彙習得）、Wales（ウェールズ）。 2. The Kingdom of England (England and Wales; 1536-1707) The next stage of the transition of the Kingdom of England, or union of England and Wales, should begin by discussing the once independent situation of the Principality of Wales, which is to be followed by description of the status of the title “Princeps Wallensium” (prince of the Welsh). The discussion on unification will be continued centring on the the Act in 1535, by which Wales was annexed to England, and finally, in the next section, on the Act of Union in 1707, which resulted in the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain, or the union of England, Wales and Scotland.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Graves the White Goddess
    ROBERT GRAVES THE WHITE GODDESS IN DEDICATION All saints revile her, and all sober men Ruled by the God Apollo's golden mean— In scorn of which I sailed to find her In distant regions likeliest to hold her Whom I desired above all things to know, Sister of the mirage and echo. It was a virtue not to stay, To go my headstrong and heroic way Seeking her out at the volcano's head, Among pack ice, or where the track had faded Beyond the cavern of the seven sleepers: Whose broad high brow was white as any leper's, Whose eyes were blue, with rowan-berry lips, With hair curled honey-coloured to white hips. Green sap of Spring in the young wood a-stir Will celebrate the Mountain Mother, And every song-bird shout awhile for her; But I am gifted, even in November Rawest of seasons, with so huge a sense Of her nakedly worn magnificence I forget cruelty and past betrayal, Careless of where the next bright bolt may fall. FOREWORD am grateful to Philip and Sally Graves, Christopher Hawkes, John Knittel, Valentin Iremonger, Max Mallowan, E. M. Parr, Joshua IPodro, Lynette Roberts, Martin Seymour-Smith, John Heath-Stubbs and numerous correspondents, who have supplied me with source- material for this book: and to Kenneth Gay who has helped me to arrange it. Yet since the first edition appeared in 1946, no expert in ancient Irish or Welsh has offered me the least help in refining my argument, or pointed out any of the errors which are bound to have crept into the text, or even acknowledged my letters.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Was Malcolm, King of the Cumbrians?
    MALCOLM, KING OF THE CUMBRIANS -193- WHO WAS MALCOLM, KING OF THE CUMBRIANS? A STUDY OF THE KINGS OF STRATHCLYDE AND CUMBRIA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO KING DUBH’S DESCENDANTS IN THE WORK OF FORDUN AND THE EARLY CHRONICLES. By Michael Anne Guido 1 ABSTRACT John of Fordun has been cited as the source of errors on the descendants of King Dubh by supposedly creating Malcolm mac Dubh, his eldest son, stated to be King of the Cumbrians. Was this really a fabrication or a mistake? This article proposes a solution to some of the problems in Fordun’s work by showing that the tanists were actually governors of Strathclyde based on an analysis of the early chronicles. Foundations (2007) 2 (3): 193-213 © Copyright FMG and the author The kingdom of Strathclyde (Fig.1) originated in the 5th century with the rise of many smaller kingdoms after the withdrawal of the Romans from the island of Britain. The inhabitants of Strathclyde were probably descendants of the native people called Damnonii who were first recorded on Ptolemy’s map in the second century2 (MacQuarrie, 1993, p.2; Duncan, 1975, p.17). These Britons were akin to the Welsh3 (MacQuarrie, p.2) and known in the Welsh chronicles as Gwyr y Gogledd (Men of the North). The inhabitants of Strathclyde shared the same root language with Welsh as they spoke Cumbrian which was one of the four dialects of Brythonic Gaelic, the others being Cornish and Breton. These languages form a group called P-Celtic as opposed to Q-Celtic which is the Gaelic language cluster of Irish, Scottish and Manx.
    [Show full text]
  • {FREE} the Thirteen Treasures Pdf Free Download
    THE THIRTEEN TREASURES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Michelle Harrison | 352 pages | 05 Aug 2014 | Simon & Schuster Ltd | 9781471121678 | English | London, United Kingdom 13 Treasures (13 Treasures Trilogy Series #1) by Michelle Harrison, Paperback | Barnes & Noble® They belonged to gods and heroes, and were current in our island till the end of the divine age, when Merlin, fading out of the world, took them with him into his airy tomb, never to be seen by mortal eyes again. According to tradition, they consisted of a sword, a basket, a drinking-horn, a chariot, a halter, a knife, a cauldron, a whetstone, a garment, a pan, a platter, a chess board, and a mantle, all possessed of [marvelous qualities]. The number tallies, for there are thirteen of them. Everyone had heard of the Thirteen Treasures of Britain. Many, no doubt, disputed as to what they were. Others might ask whence they came. They were won by Arthur and his mighty men. Lists of the items appear in texts dating to the 15th and 16th centuries. Likewise, in early British legends, it is said that the British Isles were, in a bygone age, the home of gods and heroes. Although these figures no longer dwell on the British Isles, legends sprung up about the magical objects these beings left behind. The Thirteen Treasures are said to have been located in the north of the British Isles, i. This peculiar sword belonged to Rhydderch Hael, a 7 th century ruler of Alt Clut, a Brittonic kingdom in what is now Strathclyde, Scotland. When the sword was drawn by a worthy man, it would burst into flames from its hilt to its tip.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Scotland, the Tribes of Ancient Scotland
    Home > Narratives > Tribes of Ancient Scotland Home | Chronology | Narratives | Infrastructure | Campaigns | Arms & Armour | Services Introduction Snippets The Tribes of Ancient Scotland FAQs News Bites Authors note: Interviews Before we proceed, we would like to offer a quick explanation of the title of this article Eagle of the Ninth and the thoughts driving the articles production. Scotland is an ancient country, older The Agricola by Tacitus than most other modern European countries -including England- but as an understood Cassius Dio and Herodian named identity early Scotland (Alba-pronounced Alpa) did not exist till King Inchtuthil Nail Hoard Constantine IIs reign sometime around 920 AD, some 840 years after 79 AD when Tribes of Ancient Scotland Agricola and his legions marched over the line of the modern border between England Hawkshaw Head and Scotland intent on conquest, glory and assimilation. The term Scotland, like Traprain Treasure England is used in this work as a convenience to enable the reader to readily locate the The Deskford Carynx places being described within the text. Roman Scotland as a web based resource is primarily focussed on the Roman impact on and in their infrastructure within Scotland. However for balance we must address the reason Roman Scotland persisted and why the diverse peoples here did not culturally crumble as cultures did elsewhere under the imperial heel and continued to prove a trial and often a thorn in the Empires side for over three hundred years. Anglo- centric histories continue to be perversely dismissive of these peoples, a visitors notice for instance at Vindolanda on the Stanegate still persists in arrogantly describing them with a faux pas deserving of televisions comedy character Blackadder as "revolting barbarians".
    [Show full text]