Université De Montréal Balkan Als Poetischer Raum. Peter Handkes Werk Im Spiegel Der Morawischen Nacht Par Snježana Rafo

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Université De Montréal Balkan Als Poetischer Raum. Peter Handkes Werk Im Spiegel Der Morawischen Nacht Par Snježana Rafo Université de Montréal Balkan als poetischer Raum. Peter Handkes Werk im Spiegel der Morawischen Nacht par Snježana Rafo Département de littératures et de langues modernes Faculté des arts et des sciences Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de PH.D. en études allemandes option littérature Août 2013 © Snježana Rafo, 2013 Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures Cette thèse intitulée: Balkan als poetischer Raum. Peter Handkes Werk im Spiegel der Morawischen Nacht présentée par: Snježana Rafo a été évaluée par un jury composé des personnes suivantes : Nikola von Merveldt, présidente-rapporteuse Jürgen Heizmann, directeur de recherche Till van Rahden, membre du jury Bernhard Fetz, examinateur externe Barbara Agnese, représentante du doyen de la Faculté I. Résumé Die morawische Nacht (2008) de Peter Handke représente un tournant: l’auteur y renonce à son engagement politique concernant les Balkans et il revient au « royaume de la poésie ». En reprenant des concepts de la théorie de l’espace dans les études culturelles, cette étude examine les moyens narratifs à partir desquels Handke projette une nouvelle image des Balkans. L’écrivain autrichien déconstruit son propre mythe du « Neuvième Pays » (Die Wiederholung, 1986), dont il a sans cesse défendu le concept dans les années 1990 (Eine winterliche Reise, 1996; Zurüstungen für die Unsterblichkeit, 1997; Die Fahrt im Einbaum, 1999; Unter Tränen fragend, 1999). Dans Die morawische Nacht, de fréquentes allusions et connotations nous ramènent aux œuvres antérieures, mentionnées ci-dessus. La signification et la fonction des nouvelles images des Balkans ne sont pas comprises que dans le cadre des références intertextuelles. Par l’entremise d’un maniement raffiné et ludique de l’ancien contenu et des vieilles structures, objets d’un nouvel usage, la poétique de Handke, toujours basée sur les soi-disant « Zwischenräume » (espaces intermédiaires) prouve toute sa puissance. Même si les Balkans perdent leur caractère absolu, ils continuent cependant à servir comme moyen de critique de la société moderne qui aspire cette fois à la mondialisation. Pendant que Handke réfute ironiquement sa naïveté de rechercher l’absolu dans le monde extérieur, le récit se révèle être le seul royaume où la paix et l’harmonie peuvent être créées. Mots clés : Peter Handke; littérature autrichienne; espace; les Balkans III II. Abstract Die morawische Nacht (2008) by Peter Handke marks a turning point in his oeuvre: the writer gives up his political commitment regarding the Balkans with the intent of returning to the poetical realm. Taking up concepts of cultural theory of space, this study examines the narrative means Handke uses to project a new image of the Balkans. The Austrian author destroys his own myth of the Ninth Country (Die Wiederholung, 1986), a concept he had been defending throughout the 1990s. (Eine winterliche Reise, 1996; Zurüstungen für die Unsterblichkeit, 1997; Die Fahrt im Einbaum, 1999; Unter Tränen fragend, 1999). Frequent allusions and connotations in Die morawische Nacht refer to his previous works, mentioned-above. The meaning and the purpose of the new Balkan-image can only be understood within these intertextual references. The old structural and textual elements, used in a refined and playful way, take on new functions, and Handke’s poetics, still based on the so-called “Zwischenräume” (in-between spaces), reveals all its power. Even though the Balkans are losing their absolute character, they continue to serve as a means of criticizing the modern globalized society. While Handke is leaving behind his desire to seek absolute value in the outside world, the “Realm of Narration” proves to be the only possible world where peace and harmony can be created. Keywords: Peter Handke; Austrian Literature; Space; the Balkans IV III. Resümee Peter Handkes Die morawische Nacht (2008) stellt eine Wende innerhalb seines Werkes dar: Der Autor gibt sein politisches Engagement hinsichtlich der Balkan-Fragen auf und kehrt ins „Reich der Poesie“ zurück. Konzepte der kulturwissenschaftlichen Raumtheorie aufgreifend, untersucht diese Studie erzählerische Mittel, mit denen Handke ein neues Bild vom Balkan entwirft. Der österreichische Schriftsteller zerschlägt seinen eigenen Mythos vom Neunten Land (Die Wiederholung, 1986), dessen Konzept er in den 90er Jahren beharrlich verteidigt hat (Eine winterliche Reise, 1996; Zurüstungen für die Unsterblichkeit, 1997; Die Fahrt im Einbaum, 1999; Unter Tränen fragend, 1999). Häufige Anspielungen und Konnotationen in der Morawischen Nacht führen auf die vorangehenden, oben genannten Werke zurück. Sinn und Funktion der neuen Balkan- Bilder sind erst innerhalb dieser intertextuellen Bezüge zu verstehen. Durch einen raffinierten und spielerischen Umgang mit den alten strukturellen und inhaltlichen Elementen, die eine neue Verwendung finden, offenbart sich all die Kraft der Poetik Handkes, die nach wie vor auf den sogenannten „Zwischenräumen“ basiert. Verliert der Balkan-Raum auch seinen absoluten Charakter, so dient er doch weiter als Mittel zur Kritik an der modernen, diesmal die Globalisierung anstrebenden Gesellschaft. Indem sich Handke ironisch gegen seine Naivität, das Absolute in der Außenwelt zu suchen, wendet, erweist sich der Raum der Erzählung als einziges Reich, in dem Frieden und Harmonie zu stiften sind. Schlüsselbegriffe: Peter Handke; Literatur Österreichs; Raum; der Balkan V IV. Inhaltsverzeichnis I. Résumé……………………………………………………………… III II. Abstract…………………………………………………………....... IV III. Resümee……………………………………………………………… V IV. Inhaltverzeichnis…………………………………………………….. VI V. Abkürzungsverzeichnis.…………………………………………....... IX VI. Danksagung…………………………………………………………... X 1. RAUM UND BEWEGUNG: HANDKES RÜCKKEHR INS REICH DER POESIE. ZUR EINFÜHRUNG…………………………………………….. 1 a) Der Raum: Theoretische Auslegungen…………………………....2 b) Handkes Erzählprogramm aus den 80er Jahren: Von Alaska bis zum Balkan…………………………………….... 7 c) Balkan als Konstrukt …………………………………………….13 d) Autobiographische Elemente………………………………........ 25 e) Intertextuelle Bezüge: Die morawische Nacht und Handkes vorangehende Jugoslawien-Bücher…………………… 28 2. KONSTRUKTION EINER GEGENWELT ZUM WESTEN…………… 30 2.1. Ein Traumland: Die Wiederholung……………………………………. 30 2.1.1. Grenzen und Erzählformen……………………………………... 32 a) Relation „oben – unten“ ………………………………......... 34 b) Relation „vorne-hinten“ ………………………………......... 37 2.1.2. Jesenice: Die Schwelle eines Reiches ………………………….. 41 2.1.3. Der Karst: Das Herz des Reiches …………………………......... 50 2.2. Die Verteidigung des Traumlandes: Eine winterliche Reise zu den Flüssen Donau, Save, Morawa und Drina.………………………... 55 2.2.1. Weite Horizonte: Serbien als Großdorf …………………………58 2.2.2. Konflikt des Fiktionalen und Empirischen ………………......... 65 VI 3. ANNÄHRUNG DES BALKANS AN DEN WESTEN: DIE MORAWISCHE NACHT………………………………………………69 a) Der reale und der künstlerische Chronotopos ………………….. 70 b) Erzählform: Neuartige Verwendung der alten Bausteine …........ 78 3.1. Zerfall des Balkans ……………………………………………….........92 3.1.1. Exterritorialität: Symbolik des Bootes …………………….........93 3.1.2. „Enklavenbus“: Chaos in der Balkan-Enklave …………………117 a) Porodin: Zerstörte Zentren des „Dorfstaates.…………….......... 118 b) Ein namenloses Dorf: Das Zerschlagen der journalistischen Klischees.…………………………………………………........ 141 3.2. Westeuropa: Auf der Suche nach „anderen“ Orten und Abenteuern………………………………………………………... 159 3.2.1. Spanische Meseta: Das Symposion über Lärm und Geräusche …………………………………………............ 161 3.2.2. Der Harz: Ortlosigkeit……………………………………......... 176 3.2.3. Österreich: Ausdehnung des Zentrums – Verschwinden der Peripherie…………………………………………………........ 192 3.3. Das neue Gesicht Porodins: Anschluss des Balkans ans westliche Netzwerk…………………………………………………………......... 207 4. LITERATURVERZEICHNIS……………………………………….......... 226 4.1. Primärliteratur ……………………………………………………….. 226 4.2. Forschungsliteratur zu Peter Handke ………………………………... 226 4.3. Forschungsliteratur zu Raum (sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Aspekte ……………………………………………………………….. 228 4.4. Forschungsliteratur zur Poetik des Raumes und der Erzählung……... 230 4.5. Forschungsliteratur zu Balkan-Fragen………………………….......... 231 4.6. Interviews und Gespräche ……………………………………........... 235 4.7. Sonstige Literatur ……………………………………………………. 236 4.8. Filme .………………………………………………………………... 237 VII V. Abkürzungsverzeichnis AT Abschied des Träumers vom Neunten Land. Eine Wirklichkeit, die vergangen ist: Erinnerung an Slowenien FE Die Fahrt im Einbaum oder Das Stück zum Film vom Krieg LH Langsame Heimkehr MN Die morawische Nacht. Erzählung SG Die Stille ist ein Geräusch. Eine Fahrt durch Bosnien UT Unter Tränen fragend VH Die Kuckucke von Velika Hoča. Eine Nachschrift W Die Wiederholung WR Eine winterliche Reise zu den Flüssen Donau, Save, Morawa und Drina oder Gerechtigkeit für Serbien WW Wahrig. Deutsches Wörterbuch Z Aber ich lebe nur von den Zwischenräumen ZU Zurüstungen für die Unsterblichkeit VIII VI. Danksagung Ich bedanke mich bei Professor Jürgen Heizmann für Betreuung. IX 1. RAUM UND BEWEGUNG: HANDKES RÜCKKEHR INS REICH DER POESIE. ZUR EINFÜHRUNG Anfang 2008 stieß Peter Handkes Die morawische Nacht auf viel Lob und Anerkennung bei der Kritik. Der Roman wurde als „ein grandioses Buch“1, „das bisher raffinierteste von Handkes Büchern über das Erzählen, das Schreiben und Schreibleben“2 bezeichnet. Während sich die Aufmerksamkeit der Kritiker auf das Erzählen, den Stil sowie die autobiographischen Elemente
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