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Limiting Nutrients for Bean Production on Contrasting Soil Types of Lake Victoria Crescent of Uganda P Agronomy Publications Agronomy 2018 Limiting nutrients for bean production on contrasting soil types of Lake Victoria Crescent of Uganda P. Kyomuhendo Makerere University M. M. Tenywa Makerere University O. Semalulu National Agricultural Research Laboratories (NARL), Kawanda A. W. Lenssen Iowa State University, [email protected] R. S. Yost UFonilvloerwsit ythi of sH aandwai‘ ai ddat Mitaionnoaal H wonorkolulsu at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/agron_pubs Part of the Agriculture Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Food Security See next page for additional authors Commons, Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons, and the Soil Science Commons The ompc lete bibliographic information for this item can be found at https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ agron_pubs/557. For information on how to cite this item, please visit http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ howtocite.html. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Agronomy at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Agronomy Publications by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Limiting nutrients for bean production on contrasting soil types of Lake Victoria Crescent of Uganda Abstract Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important grain legumes in East Africa, but its yield has remained below the genetic potential. Declining soil fertility is among the primary constraints to bean production in most East African bean producing regions. Often existing recommendations are generic and inept to guide farm level decision making on nutrient replenishment. A greenhouse nutrient omission study was conducted to determine the limiting nutrients in three soils of Masaka District, commonly cropped to beans: “Liddugavu” a Phaeozem, “Limyufumyufu” a Cambisol and “Luyinjayinga” an Umbrisol soil. Nine treatments; (i) complete nutrient treatment, (ii) N omitted, (iii) P omitted, (iv) K omitted, (v) Mg omitted, (vi) S omitted, (vii) Ca omitted, (viii) Micronutrients omitted and (ix) control without nutrients. Each treatment was randomly assigned to the three soils and replicated three times using a completely randomised design. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were limiting nutrients for bean production in Umbrisol (Luyinjayinja) while in Cambisol (‘Limyufumyufu), common bean production was most limited by soil acidity. The performance varied with soil types, with beans grown on the Phaeozem registering greater leaf number and growth, confirming both scientist’s and local farmer’s knowledge that this soil has greater potential than the other two soils. Keywords Cambisol, Phaeozem, Phaseolus vulgaris, Umbrisol Disciplines Agriculture | Agronomy and Crop Sciences | Food Security | Plant Breeding and Genetics | Soil Science Comments This article is published as Kyomuhendo, P., M.M. Tenywa, O. Semalulu, A. Lenssen, R. Yost, S. Kyebegola, L. Goettsch, R. Mazur. 2018. Limiting nutrients for bean production on three contrasting soils. African Crop Science Journal. 26:543-554. doi: 10.4314/acsj.v26i4.8. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 License Authors P. Kyomuhendo, M. M. Tenywa, O. Semalulu, A. W. Lenssen, R. S. Yost, R. E. Mazur, S. Kyebogola, and L. H. Goettsch This article is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/agron_pubs/557 African Crop Science Journal, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 543 - 554 ISSN 1021-9730/2018 $4.00 Printed in Uganda. All rights reserved © 2018, African Crop Science Society African Crop Science Journal by African Crop Science Society is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Uganda License. Based on a work at www.ajol.info/ and www.bioline.org.br/cs DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v26i4.8 LIMITING NUTRIENTS FOR BEAN PRODUCTION ON CONTRASTING SOIL TYPES OF LAKE VICTORIA CRESCENT OF UGANDA P. KYOMUHENDO, M.M. TENYWA, O. SEMALULU1, A.W. LENSSEN2, R.S. YOST3, R.E. MAZUR2, S. KYEBOGOLA and L.H. GOETTSCH2 College of Agricultural and Environ. Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda 1National Agricultural Research Laboratories (NARL) Kawanda, P. O. Box7065, Kampala, Uganda 2Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1010, USA 3Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa Honolulu, Hawai‘i Corresponding author: [email protected] (Received 15 January, 2018; accepted 3 October, 2018) ABSTRACT Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important grain legumes in East Africa, but its yield has remained below the genetic potential. Declining soil fertility is among the primary constraints to bean production in most East African bean producing regions. Often existing recommendations are generic and inept to guide farm level decision making on nutrient replenishment. A greenhouse nutrient omission study was conducted to determine the limiting nutrients in three soils of Masaka District, commonly cropped to beans: “Liddugavu” a Phaeozem, “Limyufumyufu” a Cambisol and “Luyinjayinga” an Umbrisol soil. Nine treatments; (i) complete nutrient treatment, (ii) N omitted, (iii) P omitted, (iv) K omitted, (v) Mg omitted, (vi) S omitted, (vii) Ca omitted, (viii) Micronutrients omitted and (ix) control without nutrients. Each treatment was randomly assigned to the three soils and replicated three times using a completely randomised design. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were limiting nutrients for bean production in Umbrisol (Luyinjayinja) while in Cambisol (‘Limyufumyufu), common bean production was most limited by soil acidity. The performance varied with soil types, with beans grown on the Phaeozem registering greater leaf number and growth, confirming both scientist’s and local farmer’s knowledge that this soil has greater potential than the other two soils. Key Words: Cambisol, Phaeozem, Phaseolus vulgaris, Umbrisol RÉSUMÉ Le haricot commun (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) est un des légumes à grains les plus importants en Afrique de l’Est, mais son rendement reste toujours en dessous de son potentiel génétique. La baisse de la fertilité du sol est parmi les contraintes primaires à la production du haricot dans la plupart des régions productrices de l’Afrique de l’Est. Le plus souvent, les recommandations sont génériques et inadéquates pour guider la prise de décision au niveau champ sur le réapprovisionnement en nutriment. Une étude sous serre sur l’omission de nutriment a été conduite pour déterminer les nutriments limitants dans les trois sols du district de Masaka, communément utilisés pour produire du haricot : “Liddugavu” un sol du Phaeozem, “Limyufumyufu” un sol du Cambisol et “Luyinjayinga” un sol du Umbrisol. Neuf traitements, (i) traitement complet de nutriments, (ii) N omis, (iii) P omis, (iv) K omis, (v) Mg omis, (iv) S omis, (vii) Ca omis, (viii) micronutriments omis et (ix) control sans nutriments. Chacun des traitements a été aléatoirement distribué aux trois types de sols et répliqué trois fois dans un dispositif complètement aléatoire. Azote, phosphore, et potassium ont été les nutriments limitants pour la production du haricot dans 544 P. KYOMUHENDO et al. Umbrisol (Luyinjayinja) tandis que dans Cambisol (‘Limyufumyufu), la production du haricoct commun a été limitée par l’acidité du sol. Les performances varient en fonction des types de sols, avec le haricot produit sur le Phaeozem comptant plus de feuilles et de croissance, confirmant à la fois les connaissances des scientifiques et des populations locales qui stipulent que le sol a un potentiel plus élevé que les deux autres sols. Mots Clés: Cambisol, Phaeozem, Phaseolus vulgaris, Umbrisol INTRODUCTION Study soil collection and preparation. The study soil was collected from three Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the communities (Mukungwe, Kabonera and most widely grown grain legume, and second Lwankoni) in Masaka district located in central only to maize as a food crop and a major source Uganda, at 31.7361oE latitude and 0.34111oS of food security in East Africa (Mauyo et al., longitude on the three most agriculturally 2007). Bean production in Uganda primarily important soil types in farmer’s fields. These occurs in the central, eastern and western soils were selected for study based on a series regions (Sibiko et al., 2013). Farmers in the of farmer meetings from three communities, Lake Victoria crescent of Uganda mainly grow which indicated that these were the three most common beans on three soil types locally important, farmer-recognised soil series for classified as: Liddugavu (Phaoezem), common bean production. Soil samples were Limyufumyufu (Cambisol) and Luyinjayinja obtained in a zig-zag pattern at ten locations (Umbrisol) (Tenywa et al., 2014). However, within each field, from a depth of 0 - 15 cm. yields are still below the genetic potential A bulk sample of about 170 kg was obtained (Anon., 2013). from an area of approximately 50 m x 100 m In order to increase yield, some farmers for each soil type. A total of about 500 kg of have attempted to use inorganic fertilisers soil was taken for greenhouse experiment and (1.3%), manure (8.7%) (UBOS, 2006) and laboratory analyses. Composite samples inorganic foliar sprays (Kabuga et al., 2015), obtained from the bulk samples were air dried but the response has not been consistent in a dust free area, and the portion to be used (Sanginga and Woomer, 2009) especially on for nutrient omission study was disaggregated Umbrisol and Cambisol soils. and crushed with a mortar and pestle to pass In East Africa, limited N and P availability a 5-mm sieve (Johnston and Askin, 2005). The (Beebe et al., 2010) is the major production samples were subsequently used for constraint to bean production. This study was physicochemical analyses, after crushing them conducted to determine the most limiting to pass a 2-mm sieve. nutrients in Phaeozem, Cambisol, and Umbrisol soils commonly used for bean Experimental design. The pot experiment production in Uganda. was laid out in a completely randomised design (CRD), with nine treatments (Table 1). Each MATERIALS AND METHODS nutrient treatment was randomly assigned to portions of each of the three soils.
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