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Agriades Zullichi Hemming, 1933 EN Agriades zullichi Hemming, 1933 EN Categoría UICN: En peligro za a mediados de julio. Los adultos presentan un Criterio UICN: B2ac(ii,iii) comportamiento característico volando a ras de suelo, lo que unido a su color oscuro y pequeño Nombre Vulgar: Mariposa del Puerto tamaño les hace difíciles de detectar. Invierten la del Lobo mayor parte del tiempo en buscar hembras, ali- Tipo: Arthropoda mentarse y poner huevos. Clase: Insecta Factores de amenaza Orden: Lepidoptera El desarrollo turístico constituye la principal ame- Familia: Lycaenidae naza para la especie. La construcción de una ca- rretera de acceso al Veleta y las actuaciones urba- nísticas dirigidas al acondicionamiento de las pistas de esquí para los Campeonatos del Mundo Área de distribución de Esquí Alpino de 1997, han dañado de forma Especie endémica de Sierra Nevada (provincias importante parte del hábitat de la población del de Granada y Almería). Una de sus cinco pobla- Veleta que está por ello seriamente amenazada. La ciones, la del Veleta (Granada), se encuentra se- ubicación más remota del resto de las poblaciones, riamente amenazada por el desarrollo de infraes- y el carácter climácico de las formaciones botáni- tructuras turísticas. Su área de distribución ocupa cas sobre las que se asientan, facilita la conserva- una extensión menor de 6 km2. Sus cinco núcleos ción siempre que no se lleven a cabo acciones de población se reparten en cinco cuadrículas de agresivas para su hábitat. Las posibles amenazas 100 km2. pueden estar limitadas por el hecho de que Sierra Nevada es actualmente un Parque Nacional, con Hábitat y Biología lo que las actuaciones en el hábitat de esta especie La altitud media de las localidades a las que se están en principio estrictamente reguladas. encuentra la especie es 2.700 m. El hábitat está formado por comunidades de la Clase Festucetea Medidas de conservación indigestae compuesta por prados de carácter cli- La especie carece de medidas de protección lega- mácico en los que las plantas tienen un porte ba- les, pero el hábitat está protegido como Reserva jo. El sustrato rocoso está formado por esquistos de la Biosfera y Parque Nacional (1999) tal como del Carbonífero. La planta nutricia de la especie habíamos recomendado en trabajos anteriores crece de forma almohadillada en rodales situados (Munguira, 1989 y Munguira y Martín, 1993). preferentemente sobre las divisorias de aguas en Aunque en 1995 se realizó una cartografía detalla- lugares muy expuestos a los fuertes vientos. da de las poblaciones, faltan censos de adultos o Las larvas de la especie se alimentan exclusiva- larvarios que nos permitan tener una idea precisa mente de las hojas y flores de Androsace vitalia- de los efectivos poblacionales totales. Se debería na. La puesta se realiza a finales de julio y prin- limitar el acceso a las zonas donde vive la especie y cipios de agosto, y la hembra deposita los sobre todo la construcción de nuevas carreteras o huevos uno a uno entre las hojas de la planta. pistas en zonas próximas al hábitat de la especie. Las larvas son al principio de color púrpura y se Dado el carácter climácico de las comunidades en alimentan del parénquima de las hojas acicula- las que vive la especie el manejo más adecuado se- res durante las tres primeras edades hasta que ría limitar al máximo las actuaciones antropóge- llega el invierno cuando se protegen del frío es- nas en las zonas de cría. condiéndose entre las rosetas de la planta o bajo piedras. En abril y mayo prosigue el crecimiento Bibliografía de la cuarta y quinta edad que se alimentan pre- Fernández-Rubio, F. 1970. Redescubrimiento de ferentemente de las flores de la planta, tenien- una rara mariposa en Sierra Nevada. Nota sobre do un color verde, amarillo, negro y blanco de la captura del Lycaenido: Plebejus glandon zulli- carácter críptico. chi Hemming, 1933 (=nevadensis Züllich y Reis- Las larvas carecen de glándulas de Newcomer y ser, 1928). Archivos Instituto Aclimatación Almería, no se asocian con hormigas como otras especies 15, 161-167. de la familia de los Licénidos. La pupación se pro- Fernandez-Rubio, F. 1976. Genitalias (Andropigios) duce a finales de mayo bajo piedras junto a la de los Ropalóceros de Álava y su entorno ibérico. Eda- planta nutricia y la eclosión de los imagos comien- graf, Vitoria. 224 Libro Rojo de los Invertebrados de España Gómez-Bustillo, M.R. y Fernández-Rubio, F. 1974. (=nevadensis Züllich). En T.R. NEW (ed.) Con- Mariposas de la Península Ibérica. Vol II. ICONA, servation Biology of the Lycaenidae (Butter- Madrid. flies). IUCN, Gland. Hemming, A.F. 1933. Holartic butterflies: misce- Ribbe, C. 1910. Beitrage zu einer Lepidopteren- llaneous notes on nomenclature. Entomologist, Fauna von Andalusien (Süd-spanien). Deutscher 66, 275-279. entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 23, 1-395. IUCN. 1996. IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Viedma, M.G. y Gómez-Bustillo, M.R. 1985. Revi- IUCN, Gland. sión del Libro Rojo de los lepidópteros ibéricos. ICO- Manley, W.B.L. y Allcard, H. G. 1970. A field guide NA, Monografías nº 42, Madrid. to the butterflies and burnets of Spain. E.W. Classey, Worms, C.G.H. 1976. Plebicula golgus Hübner and Hampton. other butterflies in the Sierra Nevada, July 1975. Munguira, M.L. 1989. Biología y biogeografía de los Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation, 88, licénidos ibéricos en peligro de extinción (Lepidoptera, 59-63. Lycaenidae). Ediciones Universidad Autónoma Züllich, R. 1928. Lycaena nevadensis n. sp. Zeits- de Madrid, Madrid. chrift österreicher Entomologen Vereines, 13, 73-75. Munguira, M.L. y Martín, J. 1993. The mariposa del Puerto del Lobo Agriades zullichi Hemming Autores: M.L. Munguira, J. Martín y E. García-Barros 225.
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