Keynote Address

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Ground systems in support of space exploration for Ground Systems Architectures Workshop April 3, 2008 Charles Elachi, Director NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology

4/3/08 Elachi GSAW 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ground systems have supported Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California space exploration for a half century

• 1958: Explorer 1 news conference at National Academy with William Pickering, James van Allen, and Werner von Braun National Aeronautics and Where are we now? About 58 NASA Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory robotic explorers, plus a number of California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California international missions (some examples)

ESA Venus Express orbiting Venus ESA Rosetta to study Spitzer studying stars and Ulysses studying the comet in 2014 galaxies in the infrared sun

Aqua studying Earth’s CALIPSO studying Earth’s Hubble studying the universe oceans climate

Rovers “Spirit” and “Opportunity” studying Mars

Two Voyagers on an Aura studying Earth’s interstellar mission atmosphere MESSENGER on its way to Mercury

QuikScat, Jason 1, CloudSat, and GRACE (plus ASTER, MISR, AIRS, MLS and TES instruments) monitoring Earth.

Chandra studying the ESA Mars Express orbiting Mars x-ray universe Japanese SELENE studying Earth’s moon New Horizons on its way to Pluto National Aeronautics and Space Administration Now: A continuous robotic presence Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California on and in orbit around Mars

2001 Mars Odyssey

Spirit

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

“Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.” Opportunity Emerson.

Mars Express (Opportunity’s tracks in Meridiani Planum) (ESA) National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter zooms

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology in on Opportunity at Victoria crater Pasadena, California National Aeronautics and Space Administration Opportunity’s reconnaissance of

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology the cliffs of Victoria Crater Pasadena, California National Aeronautics and Space Administration Magellan Venus radar data processed

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology to show topography beneath clouds Pasadena, California National Aeronautics and Space Administration Galileo catches sulfur volcano

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology erupting on Jupiter’s moon Io Pasadena, California National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jupiter’s ring and its halo Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California from Galileo National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet PropulsionLooking Laboratory down on Saturn from Cassini orbiter California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California (1 billion miles from Earth) National Aeronautics and Space Administration Backlit Saturn from Cassini orbiter Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Earth Visions of Saturn’s rings from Cassini orbiter (Colors indicate particle sizes) National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

Celestial art: Dione, rings and Saturn from Cassini orbiter Saturn’s “spongy” pia07740 moon Hyperion from Cassini orbiter Saturn’s moon Phoebe from Cassini orbiter Saturn’s moon Enceledus with “tiger stripe” cracks in ice National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cassini flew within 50 km of

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Enceladus on March 12 Pasadena, California

50 km

50 km 09034

Saturn’s moon Titan from Cassini orbiter Surface of Saturn’s moon Titan from Huygens lander Methane lakes on Saturn’s 09102 moon Titan from Cassini orbiter radar (at –300°F) Water ice jets on Saturn’s moon Enceladus from Cassini orbiter (At –300°F) National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ground software processes data from Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California the most distant part of the universe

• Hubble Space Telescope deep field image National Aeronautics and Space Administration Spitzer views the star-forming Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California “Mountains of Creation”

GL4029 IRAC [3.6][4.5] IRAC image Lori Allen and the IRAC team AFGL402 National Aeronautics and Space Administration A dying star from

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Spitzer Space Telescope Pasadena, California National Aeronautics and Space Administration New ways to see a changing Earth

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology with robotic remote sensing Pasadena, California

Atmospheric Infrared Jason provides global sea Gravity Recovery and QuikSCAT provides Sounder (AIRS) surface height maps every Climate Experiment near global (90%) ocean provides monthly global 10 days (GRACE) provides monthly surface wind maps temperature maps maps of Earth’s gravity every 24 hours

Multi-angle Imaging Tropospheric Emission Microwave Limb Sounder CloudSat provides Spectro Radiometer Spectrometer (TES) (MLS) provides daily maps monthly maps of cloud (MISR) provides monthly provides monthly global of stratospheric chemistry ice water content global aerosol maps maps of Ozone National Aeronautics and Space Administration Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California (SRTM) image of Los Angeles (2000) National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Ground Systems contribute to mission California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California success during all mission life-cycle phases

Mission formulation Mission design Spacecraft development

Ion engine

Ground System cost modeling Ground System engineering

Environmental test Assembly

Real-time mission operations

Integration Data processing, Launch and test visualization and distribution Verification, validation, launch, and flight operations

4/3/08 Elachi GSAW 27 Ion Engine (DS-1) National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ground system implementation Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California challenge for JPL missions

Multiple one-of-a-kind missions… each with unique challenges

Common tracking, command, telemetry and data management services Flexible multi-mission operations infrastructure—processes, procedures, teams and facilities

System H/W, S/W, Mission Nets & Comm Management Archive

Mission Planning and Sequencing Adaptable multi- Data Manageme nt

Navigation Analysis mission software Data Acquisition S/C and Command

Operations Engineering Product Analysis Generation systems for mission-

Science Analysis unique requirements

Distributed ground system capabilities for science and engineering interoperability 4/3/08 Elachi GSAW 28 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mars Exploration Rovers: An example of an Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology operationally responsive ground system Pasadena, California

NASA “Software of the

Predicted Opportunity: SOL 272 SKELETON -1.3 Ahr Energy Margin no deep sleep/2nd Switchback Drive Thursday Assess and analyze Start End DUR CPU Year” Maestro enables HGA 22720 10:40:00 11:00:00 0:20:00 Eng Keepout/MTES 11:02 11:15 0:13 1 Execute Comm Blip 11:04 11:09 0:05 Drive 11:15 11:45 0:30 1 visodom 11:45 13:15 1:30 1 Post drive imaging + Tau 13:15 14:00 0:45 1 Shutdown 14:00 0:09 1 NAP 14:00 16:44 2:44 VME on 0:06 1 remote scientists to ODY Mtes & Disable D.S. (e2023) 16:44 17:09 0:25 1 RUHF 42721 14:59:52 15:12:53 0:13 RUHF 42723 (30Mb) 16:52:32 17:08:45 0:16 Shutdown 17:12 0:09 1 NAP 17:12 3:36 10:23 Wakeup 0:14 1 RUHF 42730 (60Mb) 3:36 3:52 0:15 1 actively participate in RUHF 42732 5:22 5:35 0:13 Shutdown 3:52 0:09 1 Wakeup 0:06 1 SA stomp- heating - cloud observation 8:00 8:45 0:45 1 Shutdown 8:45 0:09 1 Wakeup 0:06 1 AM Science (note: late HGA = longer science) 10:35 11:19 0:44 1 HGA 22730 10:59:59 11:19:59 0:20:00 rover planning activities

Generate data products Plan observations and measurements

Tactical Timeline reduced from 16 hours to 8 hours with ground system Communicate and acquire improvements

Integrate activity plan

Prepare command products 4/3/08 Elachi GSAW Sequence and simulate 29 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mars Science Laboratory (MSL):

Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Infusion example of ground system Pasadena, California software technologies MSLICE (MSL Operations Interface) • Seamless integration of cutting edge visualization and planning tools for Mars surface missions. • Allows scientists to rapidly search spacecraft data temporally and spatially. • Automatically validates plans against flight rules and science constraints. • Enables collaboration by geographically distributed users.

Mission Data Processing System • Multi-mission, DISA-compliant downlink processing framework. • Event-driven capabilities enabled by component architecture. • Supports flight system integration and test through operations, starting with flight software test bed.

4/3/08 Elachi GSAW 30 National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL’s ground system is the product of a Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California multiple systems integration activity

Ground System- SoS Flight System

Plans Mission Command Science Planning Sequencing Processing Planning

Activity Requests

Mission Navigation Flight External System Monitoring Users Analysis Data Science System Telemetry Science Products Management Downlink System & Archiving Data Plans Mission Ops Processing Sequence Products Uplink System Functional Science Data Tracking Processing Data Decomposition Processing Navigation System DSN

Mission Services Data Services AMMOS - Advanced Multi-mission Operating System DSN - Deep Space Network

4/3/08 Elachi GSAW 31 National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL’s Systems and Software Integrated Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Management and Operability

Systems engineering Flight and ground systems and software engineering Mission system concepts leadership Flight software systems Systems & Software Division Integrated ground data systems Planning and execution systems System verification, validation and ops

MBE Systems Software Quality Model-Based Engineering Engineering Improvement Advancement

4/3/08 Elachi GSAW 32 National Aeronautics and Space Administration In the end, science application Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California and utilization is what matters.

The Ground System science data processing systems provide both science communities and the public a window into space.

4/3/08 Elachi GSAW 33 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Future solar system exploration: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Flagship Mission Studies

Europa Explorer Titan Explorer Jupiter System Observer

Water, organics, and prebiotic chemistry… the evolution of habitable environments Future Robotic Mars Exploration: National Aeronautics and Space Administration From water, to habitability, to life, Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California and better understanding of Mars’ history

Life

Habitability Urey Instrument MSR AFL

Water Phoenix MSO

MER MSL MRO

Early Wet Mars

Mars’ History r fo e bl Habitability ila va n A io Airplane e ut m l Ti vo e E MGS iv l Balloon at ca ul gi m lo u io C B Late Dry Mars Network ODY 4.5 Ga Martian Present History