DOCSLIB.ORG

GERARDUS MERCATOR RUPELMUNDANUS Cartographer & Renaissance Man Carlos Van Caiiwenherghe Former Head of Hydrographic Service, Belgium

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
GERARDUS MERCATOR RUPELMUNDANUS Cartographer & Renaissance Man Carlos Van Caiiwenherghe Former Head of Hydrographic Service, Belgium page 16 bU''0 GERARDUS MERCATOR RUPELMUNDANUS Cartographer & Renaissance Man Carlos van Caiiwenherghe Former Head of Hydrographic Service, Belgium Introduction An insight into the life of Geradus Mercator (1512-1594) can be found via several basic sources Firstly, there is his biography published in 1595 by his friend, Walter Ghim, Mayor of Duisburg in Germany This introduced his celebrated Atlas ctmtaining 107 maps (Mercator, 1595) published after Mercator's death by his son, Rumold Secondly, there is his surviving correspondence and there are also accounts of his life by other contemporaries such as the cartographer Abraham Ortelius (1527-1598) and the Flemish historian, Antonius Sanderus (1586-1664) Additionally, much historical information was provided by Mercator himself, mainly in the form of prefaces to his works or as notes on his many maps while the archives of the University of Louvain also provide additional details on this very talented and versatile Renaissance man Mainly revered as a cartographer. Mercator was nonetheless noted for many other abilities He was, for instance, an accomplished mathematician, philosopher, metaphysic, theologian, historian, geographer, land surveyor, engraver, instrument maker, calligrapher, astronomer and cosmographer But it was not until the 19th century that his true importance was rediscovered Childhood and education In Antwerp, Mercator first met the such as copper and wood At the same Gerardus Mercator (or Gerard de Oenier Flemish astronomer and cartographer, time he pursued studies in mathematics to give him his real Flemish name) was Franciscus Monachus, a Franciscan monk, with particular reference to astronomy born on 5 March 1512 in Rupelmonde, who stimulated his interest in astronomy and geographic positioning He also near Antwerp, Flanders (Belgium), the Probably this acquaintance also brought established a land surveying practice, seventh child of the shoemaker Hubertus him into contact with the engraver and becoming a noted authority on Louv aine de Crenier and his wife, Emerentia It is goldsmith, Gaspard Van der Heyden in and other towns thought that Gijsbrecht de Cremer, an Louvaine, who had already made a In 1536, collaboration between uncle and chaplain, provided educational terrestrial globe for Monachus in 1528 Mercator, Gemma Fnsius and Van der and financial assistance to such a large or 1529 Heyden led to the construction of a family copper engraved terrestrial globe with a After his father's death in 1525 or Mercator as an independent diameter of 37cm A celestial variant was 1526, Gerard was sent by his uncle-priest, cartographer in Louvain produced a year later Although known from ancient times, globes were then in for three and a half years, to a school In 1534 or 1535, Mercator returned to great demand since countries and stars administered by friars in 's Hertogenbosch Louvain, but not to the university could be better and more accurately (The Netherlands), where he studied Rather, it was his intention to work with depicted on a sphere than a flat map Latin grammar and the principles of more practical people skilled m helping dialectics Later, on 29 August 1530, he him to map a world awakened by Mercator's first map, of Palestine or was admitted to the University of Louvain numerous discoveries by mariners around the Holy Land, was published in 1537 under the Latin name 'Gerardus Mercator the globe Louvain was then a centre of and dedicated to Frans van Cranevelt, dc Rupclmunda', where he studied scientific cartography, mainly due to the Councillor to Emperor Charles V The humanities and phikisophy and obtained presence of Rcinicr Gemma Frisius following year saw the appearance of his ) Master's Degree, in October 1532 (1508-1555), a physician and first small map of the world, Orfcis Ima^o Around this time, he was particularly mathematician at the university who had (on a scale of 1 62,000,000 and 513 x interested in cosmology as a precursor to already published a practical manual on 330mm in size), dedicated to his friend his later cartographic activities but tnangulation and was well-versed m the Johan Drusius This featured a double- nonetheless had doubts about the work of the Polish astronomer, Nicolaus hearted configuration (one heart for each prevailing geocentric theories of Copernicus (147M543) (Watelet, hemisphere), a technique culled from a Aristotle, Plato, Ptolemy, Thomas 1996) The cosmological theories of map of the world edited in 1531 by the Aquinas ct al which were then received Copernicus and Frisius were to have an French cartographer, Orontius Finaeus wisdom Many years later, he wrote about important impact on the formative (1494-1555) these doubts while trying to reconcile education of Mercator In 1540, a map of Flanders was Aristotle's notions with those of the Holy To supplement a meagre income. produced in response to a commission by Bible (De Smet, 1962) These Mercator hereabouts decided to also authorities in Ghent, Antwerp and reservations were perhaps instrumental in make numerous nautical instruments Louvain on behalf of King Charles V, his leaving a conservative, doctrinaire such as terrestrial and celestial globes, Emperor of the Burgundian, Spanish and Louvaine in 1533 or 1534 for the more compasses, astrolabes, armiUary spheres Austrian dynasty which iKo liberal pastures of Antwerp, then a richly and astronomic rings He was by now encompassed Flanders For production of cultured city which was also the centre of very accomplished in drawing, this map (scale of 1 172,000 and 1250 x typognpby in Western Europe calligraphy and working with materials 960mm in size) Mercator certainly did No 116 April 2005 THE HYDROGRAPHIC: JOURNAL page 17 not have the time or the financial means parallels influenced, to some extent, the to execute some basic measurements points on earth Thus the next 50 years using the principles of triangulation of saw continuing use of globes by sailors Gemma Frisius It is clear that he was In 1599, the Irish mathematician and obliged to adopt many ideas from the cosmographer, Edward Wright (1558- charts of Jacob van Deventer, Pieter Van 1615), formulated the mathematical basis der Beke (cartographer in Ghent), and of the Mercator projection in his work, the Swede, Olaus Magnus (1490-1558) as Certaine Errors in Navigation Detected and well as Frisius himself Nevertheless this Corrected This provided an explanation map (without any graduations) bears otherwise lacking in Mercator's work comparison with a modern chart, And so It was only in 1630 that the containing inaccuracies of no more than Mercator projection began to be used on 3 4% over prescribed distances An nautical charts accompanied by incomplete copy is in Antwerp's Plantin explanations m local languages Moretus Museum Newer emergent understandings of A terrestrial globe with a religion and science, characterised by the circumference of 130cm was subsequently European Renaissance period, exerted an completed in 1541 With a reference important influence on Mercator's meridian passing through Fuerteventura thinking and deliberations It had always in the Canary Isles, this combined the been his intention to make a vision of Ptolemy with more recent comprehensive cosmographical study of Figure i Portalt of Lierardus Mercator by Frans findings originating from new discoveries Hofienher^ the universe and the Earth in a so-called by Portuguese and Spanish mariners magnum opus consisting of five parts the In 1544, despite prohibitions by the The large chart of Europe, Europae creation of the universe, astronomy, a Catholic Church and Charles V, descnptio, was published in October 1554 geographic description of the earth, a Protestantism had increasingly spread With a scale of 1 4,280,000 and 1 50 x political/historical section and a throughout the Flemish territories As a 1 27m dimensions, it marked a very chronology But he was never to fully result. Mercator, with his heretical important cartographic development on complete the work cosmological views at variance with which Mercator had worked for at least The chronology itself, though, was a establishment wisdom, was arrested along sixteen years among other assignments rather curious work Based on the Bible, with 42 other so-called Lutheran suspects With a grid of parallels and meridians, it astronomical data and some established After seven months' imprisonment m was an improved version of Claudius historical data of the time, it comprised a Rupelnionde Castle, he was released Ptolemy's Geographia and an immense 457-page overview of world events without charge following the intercession success with a second edition appearing in beginning with the moment of creation of local university and clerical authorities 1572, records show that around 500 calculated to be precisely 5,544 years prior The next eight years were spent copies were sold to 1569 Incorporating also the manufacturing astronomical instruments The sole remaining copy of this map doctrines of Martin Luther, the work was while producing a celestial globe and a was unfortunately lost in the destruction indexed by Pope Sixtus V (1520-90) large chart of Europe, mainly at the of Breslau's municipal library m 1945 Mercator's friendship with his fellow- request of the Emperor and other However, In 1967 a Mercator Atlas in a Flemish cartographer, Ortelius, led to a dignitaries Unfortunately, none of these large format (39 5 x 27 7cm) was journey by both to France m 1560 instruments remain, having either been discovered containing, among other accompanied
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Or Later, but Before 1650] 687X868mm. Copper Engraving On
    60 Willem Janszoon BLAEU (1571-1638). Pascaarte van alle de Zécuften van EUROPA. Nieulycx befchreven door Willem Ianfs. Blaw. Men vintfe te coop tot Amsterdam, Op't Water inde vergulde Sonnewÿser. [Amsterdam, 1621 or later, but before 1650] 687x868mm. Copper engraving on parchment, coloured by a contemporary hand. Cropped, as usual, on the neat line, to the right cut about 5mm into the printed area. The imprint is on places somewhat weaker and /or ink has been faded out. One small hole (1,7x1,4cm.) in lower part, inland of Russia. As often, the parchment is wavy, with light water staining, usual staining and surface dust. First state of two. The title and imprint appear in a cartouche, crowned by the printer's mark of Willem Jansz Blaeu [INDEFESSVS AGENDO], at the center of the lower border. Scale cartouches appear in four corners of the chart, and richly decorated coats of arms have been engraved in the interior. The chart is oriented to the west. It shows the seacoasts of Europe from Novaya Zemlya and the Gulf of Sydra in the east, and the Azores and the west coast of Greenland in the west. In the north the chart extends to the northern coast of Spitsbergen, and in the south to the Canary Islands. The eastern part of the Mediterranean id included in the North African interior. The chart is printed on parchment and coloured by a contemporary hand. The colours red and green and blue still present, other colours faded. An intriguing line in green colour, 34 cm long and about 3mm bold is running offshore the Norwegian coast all the way south of Greenland, and closely following Tara Polar Arctic Circle ! Blaeu's chart greatly influenced other Amsterdam publisher's.
    [Show full text]
  • Around Spitsbergen - in the Realm of Polar Bear & Ice (Ortelius)
    AROUND SPITSBERGEN - IN THE REALM OF POLAR BEAR & ICE (ORTELIUS) Take a cruise around Spitsbergen and explore the icy waters of the North Atlantic. This special expedition offers you the chance to catch site of whales, reindeer, Arctic foxes, walruses, seals, and the star attraction, the polar bear. Heading north along the west coast, you arrive by morning in Krossfjorden. Here you might board the Zodiacs for a cruise near the towering blue-white face of the Fourteenth of July Glacier. We cruise to Hinlopen Strait, home to bearded and ringed seals as well as polar bears. At the entrance there is even the possibility to spot blue whales. We hope to make landings in Freemansundet, though polar bears sometimes make this impossible. Potential stops on Barentsøya include Sundneset (for an old trapper’s hut), Kapp ITINERARY Waldburg (for its kittiwake colony), and Rindedalen (for a walk Day 1: Largest town, biggest island across the tundra). You touch down in Longyearbyen, the administrative center of Spitsbergen, the largest island of the Svalbard archipelago. Enjoy strolling around this former mining town, whose parish church and Svalbard Museum make for fascinating attractions. Though the countryside appears stark, more than a hundred species of plant have been recorded in it. In the early evening the ship sails out of Isfjorden, where you might spot the first minke whale of your voyage. Day 2: Cruising Krossfjorden Heading north along the west coast, you arrive by morning in Krossfjorden. Here you might board the Zodiacs for a cruise 01432 507 280 (within UK) [email protected] | small-cruise-ships.com near the towering blue-white face of the Fourteenth of July in this area.
    [Show full text]
  • General Index
    General Index Italic page numbers refer to illustrations. Authors are listed in ical Index. Manuscripts, maps, and charts are usually listed by this index only when their ideas or works are discussed; full title and author; occasionally they are listed under the city and listings of works as cited in this volume are in the Bibliograph- institution in which they are held. CAbbas I, Shah, 47, 63, 65, 67, 409 on South Asian world maps, 393 and Kacba, 191 "Jahangir Embracing Shah (Abbas" Abywn (Abiyun) al-Batriq (Apion the in Kitab-i balJriye, 232-33, 278-79 (painting), 408, 410, 515 Patriarch), 26 in Kitab ~urat ai-arc!, 169 cAbd ai-Karim al-Mi~ri, 54, 65 Accuracy in Nuzhat al-mushtaq, 169 cAbd al-Rabman Efendi, 68 of Arabic measurements of length of on Piri Re)is's world map, 270, 271 cAbd al-Rabman ibn Burhan al-Maw~ili, 54 degree, 181 in Ptolemy's Geography, 169 cAbdolazlz ibn CAbdolgani el-Erzincani, 225 of Bharat Kala Bhavan globe, 397 al-Qazwlni's world maps, 144 Abdur Rahim, map by, 411, 412, 413 of al-BlrunI's calculation of Ghazna's on South Asian world maps, 393, 394, 400 Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra, 60 longitude, 188 in view of world landmass as bird, 90-91 Abu, Mount, Rajasthan of al-BlrunI's celestial mapping, 37 in Walters Deniz atlast, pl.23 on Jain triptych, 460 of globes in paintings, 409 n.36 Agapius (Mabbub) religious map of, 482-83 of al-Idrisi's sectional maps, 163 Kitab al- ~nwan, 17 Abo al-cAbbas Abmad ibn Abi cAbdallah of Islamic celestial globes, 46-47 Agnese, Battista, 279, 280, 282, 282-83 Mu\:lammad of Kitab-i ba/Jriye, 231, 233 Agnicayana, 308-9, 309 Kitab al-durar wa-al-yawaqft fi 11m of map of north-central India, 421, 422 Agra, 378 n.145, 403, 436, 448, 476-77 al-ra~d wa-al-mawaqft (Book of of maps in Gentil's atlas of Mughal Agrawala, V.
    [Show full text]
  • Fortis-Bank-Sa-Nv-2003.Pdf
    I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. PROPOSED PROFIT APPROPRIATION FOR THE PERIOD 4 DISTRIBUTION OF AN INTERIM DIVIDEND : REPORT OF THE ACCREDITED STATUTORY AUDITORS 6 III. AUDITORS: SPECIAL BRIEFS 8 IV. ARTICLE 523 OF COMPANY LAW 8 V. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET AND INCOME STATEMENT 9 VI. CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET AND INCOME STATEMENT 15 REPORT OF THE ACCREDITED STATUTORY AUDITORS 83 VII. SHAREHOLDER BASE 85 VIII. MONTHLY HIGH AND LOW FOR FORTIS BANK SHARES ON THE WEEKLY AUCTIONS IN 2003 86 IX. BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND COUNCIL OF ACCREDITED STATUTORY AUDITORS FORTIS BANK 87 X. EXTERNAL POSTS HELD BY DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVES THAT ARE SUBJECT TO A LEGAL DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENT 89 I. INTRODUCTION This document contains the annual report and the consolidated annual accounts of Fortis Bank as at 31 December 2003. The financial environment in which Fortis Bank operates was influenced in 2003 by an international unstable geopolitical situation combined with less than positive economic conditions and an improving, though still hesitant stock market climate. Despite a persistently challenging international economic environment, both Fortis and Fortis Bank once again succeeded during 2003 in streamlining and expanding operations beyond the domestic Benelux market; this had implications in terms of commercial organisation and operational and support activities. Fortis Bank continues to focus on its customer-first policy, vigorous cost control, efficiency improvement and the effective management of increased financial risks. Initiatives launched in previous years to prepare for the introduction and repercussions of the revision of the Basel Accord of 1988 regarding the capital adequacy standards of banks and the application of IAS/IFRS (International Accounting Standards / International Financial Reporting Standards) were further pursued in 2003; both changes will have a major impact on financial reporting.
    [Show full text]
  • FOR PEOPLE WHO LOVE EARLY MAPS 99298 IMCOS Covers 2012 Layout 1 06/02/2012 09:45 Page 5
    IMCSJOURNAL S pr ing 2013 | Number 132 FOR PEOPLE WHO LOVE EARLY MAPS 99298 IMCOS covers 2012_Layout 1 06/02/2012 09:45 Page 5 THE MAP HOUSE OF LONDON (established 1907) Antiquarian Maps, Atlases, Prints & Globes 54 BEAUCHAMP PLACE KNIGHTSBRIDGE LONDON SW3 1NY Telephone: 020 7589 4325 or 020 7584 8559 Fax: 020 7589 1041 Email: [email protected] www.themaphouse.com JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL MAP COLLECTORS’ SOCIETY FOUNDED S pr ing 2013 | Number 132 1980 FEATURES Mercator and his ‘Atlas of Europe’ 13 Self-protection, official obligations and the pursuit of truth Peter Barber High in the Andes partii 25 Further adventures of the French Academy expedition to Peru Richard Smith ‘The Dutch colony of The Cape of Good Hope’ 30 A map by L.S. De la Rochette Roger Stewart REGULAR ITEMS A Letter from the Chairman 3 Hans Kok From the Editor’s Desk 5 Ljiljana Ortolja-Baird IMCoS Matters 7 Mapping Matters 37 Worth a Look 46 You Write to Us 49 Book Reviews 53 Copy and other material for our next issue (Summer 2013) should be submitted by 1 April 2013. Editorial items should be sent to the Editor Ljiljana Ortolja-Baird, email [email protected] or 14 Hallfield, Quendon, Essex CB11 3XY United Kingdom Consultant Editor Valerie Newby Designer Catherine French Advertising Jenny Harvey, 27 Landford Road, Putney, London SW15 1AQ United Kingdom Tel +44 (0)20 8789 7358, email [email protected] Please note that acceptance of an article for publication gives IMCoS the right to place it on our website.
    [Show full text]
  • October 2006
    OCTOBER 2 0 0 6 �������������� http://www.universetoday.com �������������� TAMMY PLOTNER WITH JEFF BARBOUR 283 SUNDAY, OCTOBER 1 In 1897, the world’s largest refractor (40”) debuted at the University of Chica- go’s Yerkes Observatory. Also today in 1958, NASA was established by an act of Congress. More? In 1962, the 300-foot radio telescope of the National Ra- dio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) went live at Green Bank, West Virginia. It held place as the world’s second largest radio scope until it collapsed in 1988. Tonight let’s visit with an old lunar favorite. Easily seen in binoculars, the hexagonal walled plain of Albategnius ap- pears near the terminator about one-third the way north of the south limb. Look north of Albategnius for even larger and more ancient Hipparchus giving an almost “figure 8” view in binoculars. Between Hipparchus and Albategnius to the east are mid-sized craters Halley and Hind. Note the curious ALBATEGNIUS AND HIPPARCHUS ON THE relationship between impact crater Klein on Albategnius’ southwestern wall and TERMINATOR CREDIT: ROGER WARNER that of crater Horrocks on the northeastern wall of Hipparchus. Now let’s power up and “crater hop”... Just northwest of Hipparchus’ wall are the beginnings of the Sinus Medii area. Look for the deep imprint of Seeliger - named for a Dutch astronomer. Due north of Hipparchus is Rhaeticus, and here’s where things really get interesting. If the terminator has progressed far enough, you might spot tiny Blagg and Bruce to its west, the rough location of the Surveyor 4 and Surveyor 6 landing area.
    [Show full text]
  • Ortelius's Typus Orbis Terrarum (1570)
    Ortelius’s Typus Orbis Terrarum (1570) by Giorgio Mangani (Ancona, Italy) Paper presented at the 18th International Conference for the History of Cartography (Athens, 11-16th July 1999), in the "Theory Session", with Lucia Nuti (University of Pisa), Peter van der Krogt (University of Uthercht), Kess Zandvliet (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam), presided by Dennis Reinhartz (University of Texas at Arlington). I tried to examine this map according to my recent studies dedicated to Abraham Ortelius,1 trying to verify the deep meaning that it could have in his work of geographer and intellectual, committed in a rather wide religious and political programme. Ortelius was considered, in the scientific and intellectual background of the XVIth century Low Countries, as a model of great morals in fact, he was one of the most famous personalities of Northern Europe; he was a scholar, a collector, a mystic, a publisher, a maps and books dealer and he was endowed with a particular charisma, which seems to have influenced the work of one of the best artist of the time, Pieter Bruegel the Elder. Dealing with the deep meaning of Ortelius’ atlas, I tried some other time to prove that the Theatrum, beyond its function of geographical documentation and succesfull publishing product, aimed at a political and theological project which Ortelius shared with the background of the Familist clandestine sect of Antwerp (the Family of Love). In short, the fundamentals of the familist thought focused on three main points: a) an accentuated sensibility towards a mysticism close to the so called devotio moderna, that is to say an inner spirituality searching for a direct relation with God.
    [Show full text]
  • Motifs in Peter Paul Rubens's the Martyrdom of Saint
    113 ‘Indian’ motifs in Peter Paul Rubens’s The martyrdom of Saint Thomas and The miracles of Saint Francis Xavier* Barbara Uppenkamp Introduction In his painting for the altar of the Augustinian church in Prague representing the martyrdom of Saint Thomas in India, Peter Paul Rubens faced the difficult task of having to depict, as faithfully as possible, the unfamiliar location where the dramatic events unfurled (fig. 1).1 The legend that Thomas was an architect of Roman antiquity who went to India to build a palace might have prompted Rubens to combine elements of classical Roman architecture with others, which to him and his contemporaries would have suggested an Indian setting. The purpose of this study is to examine Rubens’s knowledge of Asian architecture and sculpture as deduced from sources that were available to him. To this end, reference will be made above all to the stock of his extensive library as documented by three sources.2 The most important of these are the journals of the Officina Plantiniana, where his book purchases are recorded. Besides this, Rubens’s wide-ranging correspondence gives an impression of the vast breadth of his erudition. Finally, the auction catalogue of the library belonging to his son Albert (1614-1657) indicates which books had probably been in Rubens’s possession, given that Albert inherited his father’s books.3 Accordingly, Rubens can be presumed to have owned the great cartographic works Civitates orbis terrarum by Georg Braun (1541-1622) and Frans Hogenberg (1535-1590), the Thesaurus geographicus by Abraham Ortelius (1527-1598), and L’histoire des Indes de Portugal by Fernão Lopes de Castanheda (c.
    [Show full text]
  • De Grote Dooi Zet In
    De grote dooi zet in Karen Bies De Eerste Kamer heeft dit voorjaar de klimaatdoelen voor 2050 vastgesteld. Een energietransitie moet, maar welke maatregelen er komen en wie die gaat betalen, is niet duidelijk. ‘We kunnen niet op onze handen blijven zitten,’ zegt poolonderzoeker Maarten Loonen. Hij ziet op Spitsbergen de gletsjers afbrokkelen, de permafrost ontdooien. ‘Heel veel dat niet voorspeld was, is toch gebeurd. Dat maakt mij bang.’ ‘Op Spitsbergen, in een berg die altijd liep smeltwater van de ingang naar de letterlijk een rondje boven mijn hoofd. In bevroren is, zit sinds tien jaar een kamers toe. Het water bevroor en de drie het dorp Ny Ålesund zijn ‘s zomers 180 zadenbank. De zaden van een miljoen kilometer lange gang werd een ijsbaan. wetenschappers uit allerlei landen, die plantenrassen zijn daar in kamers Een ontwerpfout, zou je kunnen zeggen. elk hun eigen terrein onderzoeken. Ik ben ondergebracht. In geval van een grote Maar het laat ook zien dat we nog niet erheen gegaan voor de ganzen, verzamel oorlog of natuurramp zou deze ‘doomsday weten wat ons overkomt. Je probeert iets ook data over het gras, de poolvossen en vault’ het voedsel van de wereld veilig te bedenken dat alle rampen van de wereld de ijsberen. En omdat er zoveel verandert, stellen. Mocht de stroom in de ‘Svalbard overleeft. Nu al is het niet voldoende om doe ik nu ook de Noordse sternen en de Global Seed Vault’ uitvallen, dan duurt de klimaatverandering op Spitsbergen te insecten erbij.’ het 100 jaar eer de berg ontdooid is. De ondervangen.’ ingang zit op 70 meter hoogte.
    [Show full text]
  • Haquin Spegel
    01 SVENSKA FÖRFATTARE UTGIVNA AV SVENSKA VITTERHETSSAMFUNDET –––––––– XXV SAMLADE SKRIFTER AV HAQUIN SPEGEL STOCKHOLM SAMLADE SKRIFTER AV HAQUIN SPEGEL UTGIVNA AV BERNT OLSSON OCH BARBRO NILSSON FÖRSTA DELEN GUDS WERK OCH HWILA VOLYM 2 KOMMENTAR SVENSKA VITTERHETSSAMFUNDET STOCKHOLM 1998 Utgiven med bidrag av Stiftelsen Riksbankens Jubileumsfond Abstract Samlade skrifter av Haquin Spegel, del I, volym 2, Guds Werk och Hwila. Ut- givna av Bernt Olsson och Barbro Nilsson. (Haquin Spegel, Collected Works I, volume 2, God’s Work and Rest. Edited by Bernt Olsson and Barbro Nilsson.) Skrifter utgivna av Svenska Vitterhetssamfundet. Svenska Författare IV, 592 p. Stockholm. ISBN 91-7230-073-6. Haquin Spegel (1645–1714) was one of the foremost leaders of the Swedish church in his time. His clerical career was swift. At the beginning of the 1670’s he was chaplain to Queen Hedvig Eleonora, and later he was with King Charles XI in the Scanian war 1675–79. For some years he was clerical leader of the island of Got- land, before he became bishop of Skara in 1685 and of Linköping in 1691. He died archbishop of Uppsala. Spegel wrote in many genres. His sermons are, from an artistic point of view, the best of the century in Sweden. Spegel also wrote poetry in different genres: Bible paraphrases, panegyrics and series of emblematics. The Swedish hymn-book of 1986 still contains hymns by him. But he also wrote entirely profane poetry, which has never been printed, mainly satirical poems. His most ambitious work, Guds Werk och Hwila (God’s Work and Rest) is about Creation and belongs to Hexameron literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Publications 1984 — 2017 Issues 1 — 100
    RECENT PUBLICATIONS 1984 — 2017 ISSUES 1 — 100 Recent Publications is a compendium of books and articles on cartography and cartographic subjects that is included in almost every issue of The Portolan. It was compiled by the dedi- cated work of Eric Wolf from 1984-2007 and Joel Kovarsky from 2007-2017. The worldwide cartographic community thanks them greatly. Recent Publications is a resource for anyone interested in the subject matter. Given the dates of original publication, some of the materi- als cited may or may not be currently available. The information provided in this document starts with Portolan issue number 100 and pro- gresses to issue number 1 (in backwards order of publication, i.e. most recent first). To search for a name or a topic or a specific issue, type Ctrl-F for a Windows based device (Command-F for an Apple based device) which will open a small window. Then type in your search query. For a specific issue, type in the symbol # before the number, and for issues 1— 9, insert a zero before the digit. For a specific year, instead of typing in that year, type in a Portolan issue in that year (a more efficient approach). The next page provides a listing of the Portolan issues and their dates of publication. PORTOLAN ISSUE NUMBERS AND PUBLICATIONS DATES Issue # Publication Date Issue # Publication Date 100 Winter 2017 050 Spring 2001 099 Fall 2017 049 Winter 2000-2001 098 Spring 2017 048 Fall 2000 097 Winter 2016 047 Srping 2000 096 Fall 2016 046 Winter 1999-2000 095 Spring 2016 045 Fall 1999 094 Winter 2015 044 Spring
    [Show full text]
  • Early American Material Leads the Way at Swann Galleries' Maps
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Alexandra Nelson May 16, 2017 Communications Director 212-254-4710 ext. 19 [email protected] Early American Material Leads the Way At Swann Galleries’ Maps & Atlases Sale New York— On Wednesday, June 7, Swann Galleries will hold an auction of Maps & Atlases, Natural History & Color Plate Books, with highlights from the colonization of the Americas, as well as botanical prints and original watercolors. The sale is led by Samuel Baker’s untrimmed and unjoined A New and Exact Map of the Island of St. Christopher in America, 1753, which shows the island, now better known as St. Kitts, divided into parishes with a wealth of early information relating to structures on the island, as well as the surrounding waters. The borders of each of the four sheets are decorated in an elaborate Baroque style; the map is valued between $20,000 and $30,000. Among other treasures, the sale promises a trove of rare early maps of the United States. Selections include a 1750 map of Pennsylvania by Lewis Evans, whose publication in Germany helped spark emigration to the state, resulting in the still-traditional Pennsylvania Dutch population ($10,000 to $15,000). John Ogilby and Arnoldus Montanus’s America: Being the Latest, and Most Accurate Description of the New World, 1673, will be offered at $10,000 to $15,000. There is also a run of rare island maps by Aaron Arrowsmith, including a 1830 chart of Hawaii, then called "The Sandwich Islands," which, according to an inscription on the back, was purchased in 1832 by a ship’s captain who made a voyage to the area two years later ($8,000 to $12,000).
    [Show full text]