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(Melastomatac 6. Monochaetum Neglectum Almeda, Sp. Nov. (Fig Almeda: Systematics of the Genus Monochaetum (Melastomataceae) 51 Almeda 729 (BM, CR, DUKE, F, GH, MO, MSC, NY, US, USF); 18.2 km beyond El Empalme, Almeda 107U (CAS, DUKE, FSU, LL, MICH, US, WIS); ca. 19-20kmNWof Cerro Asuncion on C. R. #2 on Cor- dillera de Talamanca, Almeda 9 Flowers 2099 (DUKE, F, K, P, W); 10.6 mi beyond El Empalme on Cor- dillera de Talamanca, Almeda 9 Wilbur 1607 (DUKE); ca. 16 km SE of El Empalme, Almeda 9 Wilbur 16)4 (KM, BR, DUKE, F, G, GH, MEXU, MO, US); Panamerican Hwy between Km 18-20 from El Em- palme to Villa Mills, Cruz 28 (F); near Rio Colon between San Isidro and Colon on Cordillera de Tala- manca, Spellman et al. 525 (MO, SIU); above San Isidro de General, Sauer 5155 (LA); cut-over montane forest at Km 75 ca. 21 km NW of Villa Mills on Panamerican Hwy, Wilbur 9 Stone 8784 (DUKE). Putative hybrids between Monochaetum talamancense and M. amabile. —COSTA RICA. Cartago-San Jose border: 19.1 km NW of Cerro Asuncion on Cordillera de Talamanca, Almeda 500 (DUKE, 2 plants); 8.1 mi beyond El Empalme on Cordillera de Talamanca, Almeda 9 Wilbur 1486 (DUKE); 10.6 mi beyond El Em- palme on Talamanca mts, Almeda 9 Wilbur 1606 (DUKE, 4 plants). 6. Monochaetum neglectum Almeda, sp. nov. (Fig. IS) Suffrutex diffusus ad 1 -5 mm altus; rami dense strigosi et 2-3 m longi, trichomatibus omnino ebarbellatis vel barbellatis et 0.5-2.5 mm longis. Foliorum lamina elliptica vel elliptico-lanceolata, (1.2-)1.9-5.0(-6.2) cm longa et (5-)8-18(-20) mm lata, plerumque (3-)5(-7)-plinervata, pari exteriore inconspicuo. Inflorescentiae terminales et axillares, dichasiales, bracteis ellipticis vel ovatis, (3-)7-14(-21) mm longis et 2-8 mm latis. Cal- ycislobilanceolati, 4-5.5(-6) mm longi et (2-)2.5-S mm lati, persistentes. Petala rosea, obovata, 1.0-1.4 cm longa et (7-)9-10.5 mm lata. Staminum maiorum filamenta 8-10 mm longa, thecis 5-7(-8) mm longis, appendicibus dorsalibus 3-5 mm longis. Staminum minorum filamenta 7-9.5 mm longa, thecis 4.5-5.5 mm longis, appendicibus dorsalibus 2-4.5 mm longis. Hypanthium (maturum) urceolatum, 5-6(-7) mm longum «4-6.5 mm latum, hirsutum, trichomatibus ebarbellatis plerumque glandulosis. Semina 0.5 mm longa, atrobrunnea, nitida, cochleata. Diffuse, sprawling, or trailing subshrubs to 1.5 m tall, branches 2-3 m long, terete with young shoots held at an angle of 65-90°; internodes (especially of young shoots) copiously appressed, strigose, or substrigose; trichomes glossy, white to pinkish, ebarbellate or minutely barbellate distally, 0.5-2.5 mm long. Nodal tri- chomes spreading, l(-1.5)mmlong, otherwise similar to internodal trichomes. Older stems woody, the bark not markedly exfoliating. Principal leaves membranaceous, entire, often anisophyllous; upper surface stri- gose in four to six well-defined, longitudinal belts of uniform width between the impressed primary nerves for at least the basal half of the blade, the outermost strigose belts confluent with adjacent ones distally (only four strigose belts present in smaller leaves); lower surface appressed-strigose on the elevated primaries and spreading, pilosulous, or glabrous between; blades narrow to broadly elliptic, elliptic-ovate, or elliptic-lan- ceolate, (1.2-)1.9-5.0(-6.2) cm long, (5-)8-18(-20) mm wide, acute apically, broadly acute to obtuse or rounded basally, prevailingly (3-)5(-7)-plinerved, the margins entire; petioles slender, 2-8 mm long, 1 mm wide, strigose. Inflorescence terminal on lateral branches, commonly a simple, three-flowered dichasium, or twice- to thrice-compounded, often reduced to solitary or paired flowers by abortion of lateral floral buds. Floral bracts reduced in size, elliptic to elliptic-ovate, acute apically, acute or obtuse to rounded basally, strigose in four longitudinal belts above, or pubescence absent basally but restricted to the upper two thirds, strigose on the three elevated primaries below and pilosulous between them, (3-)7-14(-21) mm long, 2-8 mm wide; petioles 0.5-S mm long. Floral pedicels 6-10(-12) mm long, strigose. Hypanthium (at anthesis) campanulate to suburceolate, moderately covered with widely to antrorsely spreading, smooth (often gland-tipped) trichomes, or the eglandular trichomes minutely barbellate apically; trichomes at the torus of the hypanthium (those along and between the base of the sepals) 2-2.5 mm long and commonly twice the length of those on the hypanthium proper. Hypanthium (at maturity) urceolate to suburceolate, 5-6(-7) mm long, 4-6.5 mm across at broadest point, eight longitudinal, vascular ribs often prominent on drying. Sepals broadly spreading to reflexed, lance-triangular, acute, ciliate, essentially glabrous without or with a few trichomes along the basal half, 4-5.5(-6) mm long, (2-)2.5-3 mm wide at the base, persistent. Petals pink, drying to shades of lavender or deep purple, obovate, mucronulate, remotely emarginate, or re- tuse (otherwise entire), often tipped with trichomes, 10-14 mm long, (7-)9-10.5 mm wide at the broadest point. Antepetalous staminalfilaments 5-7 mm long; anthers deep pink to pinkish-orange, 5-7(-8) mm long, 0.7-1.0 mm wide; apical pore 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter; appendages yellow, falcate to clavate, distally di- lated, 3-5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide. Antesepalous staminal filaments 7-9.5 mm long; anthers yellow, flushed with pink basally, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 0.5-1.0 mm wide, apical pore 0.2 mm or less in diameter; appendages yellow, linear-elliptic to linear-oblong, entire, 2-4.5 mm long, 0.2-0.5 mm wide. Ovary (at maturity) ovoid 52 University of California Publications in Botany Almeda: Systematics ofth to obovoid, setose apically. Style 6-8 mm 1( cochleate; n= 18. Type. — COSTA RICA. Cartago Province: i 2480-2500 m, December 24, 1973, Aimed MICH, MO, NY, P, UC, US). Flowering. — December to February is the Habitat and distribution.— In Costa Ric Cordillera Central, the Cordillera de Talai ama, it has been collected only in the Prov Chorro Trail linking Boquete and Cerro 1 pastureland margins, wet thickets of secon Monochaetum neglectum diffei copious, appressed cauline trichc leaves, urceolate hypanthia, reflex The considerable variation in le; attributed to shading and moistur monly have long internodes, long long). Plants of exposed, sunny sit organs. Similar variations have be from a single plant were grown un Relationships. —Monochaetum includes M. talamancense and M. r branching, and dark brown, lateral this association, suggesting a comm resemble M. talamancense in leaf si 3-plinerved leaves, stout, appresse long) and larger petals (15-19 mm > were determined as M. floribundu markedly from M. neglectum in th minutely foveolate seeds with prorr Sympatry. — In southern Central. tain ranges with at least six other sp< of secondary vegetation limit the an east of Volcan Bani in western Pan chophyllum grow in close proximity of these species is extremely rare at with M. cordatum, M. floribundu Costa Rica on the Cordillera de Tal of Tapanti, but only M. floribundu ence, abundance, and spatial relati scopic fashion from one locality to Evidence for intergradation betw< canicum has been detected in two ar Costa Rica, M. neglectum occurs lo canicum is common at elevations of these two species (table 6) are rarely Fig. 13. Monochaetum neglectum. A, habit, X V£; B,F, abaxial surface of floral bracts, X 3; C,C, al. 2225 possess intermediate featun abaxial surface of representative leaves, X 2; D, mature hypanthium and calyx lobes, X 3; E, seeds, X If; H, petal, X 3; I, ovary and style, X ca. 4. (A-I from Almeda 9 Flowers 2109.) gestive of hybridization. Both of thes Almeda: Systematics of the Genus Monochaetum (Melastomataceae) 53 nations in Botany toobovoid, setose apically. Style 6-8 mm long. Seeds 0.5 mm long, dark brown, smooth and shiny, tightly cochleate; n= 18. Type. — COSTA RICA. Cartago Province: 5.3 km SE of El Empalme on the Cordillera de Talamanca, elev. 2480-2500 m, December 24, 1973, Almeda St Flowers 2109 (Holotype, DUKE; isotypes, BR, F, GH, K, MICH, MO, NY, P, UC, US). Flowering. — December to February is the peak period, but sporadic flowering may occur in other months. Habitat and distribution.— In Costa Rica this species is known from the slopes of Volcan Barba in the Cordillera Central, the Cordillera de Talamanca and its northern adjoining slopes E of Tapanti. In Pan- ama, it has been collected only in the Province of Chiriqui in an area NE of Volcan Barii along the Bajo Chorro Trail linking Boquete and Cerro Punta. It occurs between 1800-2500 m at disturbed roadsides, pastureland margins, wet thickets of secondary vegetation, and boggy areas (fig. 14). Monochaetum neglectum differs from other Central American congeners by its copious, appressed cauline trichomes, elliptic, elliptic-ovate, or elliptic-lanceolate leaves, urceolate hypanthia, reflexed calyx lobes, and pale pink corolla. The considerable variation in leaf size, petiole length, and internode length can be attributed to shading and moisture availability. Plants of wet, shaded thickets com- monly have long internodes, long petioles (to 8 mm) and larger leaves (50-62 mm long). Plants of exposed, sunny sites have markedly smaller measurements for these organs. Similar variations have been produced in greenhouse cultures when clones from a single plant were grown under variable light and watering regimes. Relationships.—Monochaetum neglectum is central in a species group which includes M. talamancense and M. trichophyllum. The sprawling habit, ± divaricate branching, and dark brown, laterally compressed seeds provide compelling criteria for this association, suggesting a common ancestral stock.
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