sign in sign up
<<
Home , Altingiaceae, Capsule (fruit), Clarkia, Crassulaceae, Exbucklandia, Hamamelidaceae

IB 168 – Systematics

Laboratory 13: – Part 1

The are one of the largest groups in the Eudicot . The Rosids are split into three basic groups: a grade of families, and the Eurosid I and Eurosid II (both of which are well supported monophyletic groups). Today we will be dealing with the basal grade of families, as well as the which has an uncertain position in the Rosid clade. The orders and families we will be looking at today are: Saxifrag- ales (, Grossulariaceae, , , ); Vitales (); (); and Myrtales (, , ).

Saxifragaceae Herbs; stipules typically absent; generally simple and alternate, frequently in a basal ; usually regular and bisexual; calyx composed of 5 fused ; corolla composed of 5 distinct ; 5 or 10, all distinct; may be either superior or inferior but is usually composed of 2 or 4 carpels, 1 style per carpel; variously developed ; generally a .

Grossulariaceae ; margins lobed, secondary veins palmate, bases broad; flowers bisexual; ; calyx compsed of 4-5 sepals; corolla composed of 4-5 petals; ovary inferior; well-developed hypanthium; fruit is baccate (fleshy or juicy).

Hamamelidaceae and shrubs; leaves alternate and simple, may be palmately lobed; stipules present, borne on the stem; flowers bisexual or unisexual; dioecious or monoecious; usually aggregated into heads or spikes; calyx composed of 4-5 united sepals; corolla composed of 4-5 distinct petals (sometimes absent); stamens usually 4-5 alternating with sterile ; generally ovary is half-inferior and is composed of two fused carpels; two styles; fruit generally a capsule. Hamamelis

1 IB 168 – Plant Systematics

Altingiaceae Trees or shrubs; aromatic resinous compounds present in most tissues; leaves alternate and spirally arranged, typically palmately lobed; stipules present, borne on base; flowers unisexual, monoecious; staminate flowers lack all parts, borne in terminal of small globose clusters; stamens numerous and elongate; carpellate flowers with scale-like ; borne in a globose head; stigmas 2, elongate.

Crassulaceae May be herbs or shrubs, often ± succulent; leaves: simple and entire, alternate or opposite but often arranged in a rosette; stipules lacking; flowers small, regular and bisexual; calyx composed of 4-5 free sepals; corolla composed of 4-5 free petals; stamens equal to or twice as many as petals, arranged in one or two whorls; ovary superior, composed of four or five distinct carpels, each with a single ; fruit generally a .

Vitaceae Mostly vining shrubs with tendrils (either modified or ); leaves simple or compound, often palmate, opposing tendrils, alternate with other leaves; stipules often present; flowers reduced, unisexual or bisexual; 4-5 sepals, often fused or united to form a cup; 4-5 petals, often joined at their tips and falling away as the opens; stamens equal to number and opposite them; ovary superior, 2 fused carpels; fruit is a (e.g. grapes).

Geraniaceae Herbs or shrubs; leaves variable, often highly dissected, usually stipulate; stems jointed at the nodes; flowers bisexual and generally regular; nectaries often present; 5 sepals; 5 petals, often notched at the tip and prominently veined; stamens between 5-15 arranged in 1-3 whorls of five; ovary superior, composed of five fused carpels and five ; styles typically fused into one, but with 5 distinct stigmas; fruit is a (breaks apart into five indehiscent one-carpellate units), often with a prominent fruit beak.

2 IB 168 – Plant Systematics

Myrtaceae Woody trees or shrubs; leaves simple, entire, generally opposite, aromatic due to the presence of ethereal oils; stipules absent; flowers regular and bisexual; 4-5 sepals, typically very reduced; 4-5 petals, typically very reduced; stamens numerous, generally colored and very showy; ovary generally inferior with 2-5 locules, a single long style present; fruit is a berry, capsule or .

Onagraceae Mostly herbaceous, a few shrubs; leaves simple, leaf insertion variable; stipules small or absent; flowers usually bisexual, radial or bilateral, typically with a conspicuous hypanthium; 4 free sepals(sometimes 2 or 5); 4 petals (sometimes 2, 5, or lacking), free, sometimes clawed (tapered at the base); stamens 8, arranged in two distinct whorls (one frequently taller than the other); ovary inferior, number of locules varies, single style, entire or divided into 4 lobes; fruit generally a capsule. Clarkia Fuchsia

Melastomataceae Mostly shrubs and small trees; leaves simple, opposite, decussate, often having ± parallel veins; stipules absent; flowers bisexual, radial to bilateral; 4-5 sepals; 4-5 petals; stamens generally twice as many as petals; filaments bent, elbow-shaped (geniculate); anthers often curved and dehiscing by a terminal pore, usually not attached basally to the filament; ovary position and carpel number variable; fruit generally a berry or capsule.

3 From: Simpson. 2006. Plant Systematics. Elsevier.

Figures from Lawrence. 1951. of Vascular Plants. Macmillan.

Figures from Lawrence. 1951. Taxonomy of Vascular Plants. Macmillan.