Publications of Peter H. Raven
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Genus Axinandra—Melastomataceae : a Missing Link in Myrtales ?*
CEYIONJ. SCI. (Bio. Sci.) Vol. 10, No. 1, April 1972 The Genus Axinandra—Melastomataceae : A Missing Link in Myrtales ?* by WIIXEM MEIJER Department oj Botany, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, U.S.A. (With two plates) The flora of Ceylon contains a number of genera and species which are of great impor tance for the study of the evolution of the families of Angiosperms. Orie example of this is the genus Axinandra Thwaites with A. zeylanica Thwaites in Hooker, Kew Journal 6: 67, 1854 as type species. Other species are known from Malaya and Borneo (see Bakhuizen van den Brink 1946). They are part of the wet lowland rain forests. Close study of this genus in Borneo and in the wet zone of Ceylon has given me the impression that Axinandra could be a very old genus wh;ch stands somewhere near the roots of the families Lythraceae, Myrtaceae, Melastomatacacac and Rhizophoraceae. The flowers are 5-merous with 10 (12) stamens. The petals drop off in a cap while the flowers open. This character occurs in Eugenia in Myrtaceae. The pollen sacs of the anther join or almost join at the apex of the stamen. The fruits are capsules opening with 5 valves; in each locule there are one or two seeds with wings. The calyx tube is no part of the opening fruit. Similar fruits occur in the Indo-Malesian genus Lagerstrocmia (Lythraceae), in genera of the subfamily Leptosper- moideae of Myrtaceae (see Leptospermum, Tristauia and Metrosideros), and in Macarisia (Rhizo phoraceae)—a genus known from Madagascar. If we look for possible links between Rosales and Myrtales among primitive Myrtales then we might also pay attention to the Indo-Malesian genus Crypteronia which has also capsular fruits and winged seeds and similar anthers; however, only 5 stamens and flowers without petals. -
The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event
National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. -
Clarkia Tenella Is Tetraploid, Having N 34 (Hiorth, 1941; Raven and Lewis, 1959) and 2Fl32 (Moore and Lewis, I965b)
VARIATION AND EVOLUTION IN SOUTH AMERICAN CLARKIA D. M. MOORE and HARLAN LEWiS Botany Department, University of Leicester and Botany Department, University of California, Los Angeles Received5.V.65 1.INTRODUCTION THEgenus Clarkia (Onagracee), currently considered to contain 36 species, is restricted to the western parts of North and South America (fig. i). The 35 North American species are distributed from Baja California to British Columbia (300N.to 48° N.), most of them occurring in California. The South American populations, which have a smaller though still considerable latitudinal spread (290 30' S. to 42030'S.), comprise a single variable species, Clarkia tenella (Cay.) H. and M. Lewis (Lewis and Lewis, within which four sub.. species have been recognised (Moore and Lewis, i 965b). Clarkia tenella is tetraploid, having n 34 (Hiorth, 1941; Raven and Lewis, 1959) and 2fl32 (Moore and Lewis, i965b). It is placed in section Godetia, together with seven North American species, and shows its closest affinities with the only tetraploid among these, C. davyi (Jeps.) H. and M. Lewis. A study of artificial hybrids between C. tenella and C. davji, together with pakeo-ecological evidence, led Raven and Lewis (i) to hypothesise that the two species were derived from a common tetraploid ancestor which had traversed the tropics by long-distance dispersal during or since the Late-Tertiary and given rise to the populations now comprising C. tenella. Detailed study of the variation within Clarkia tenella was made possible by a field trip to Chile and Argentina during 1960-61 and by subsequent experimental work at Leicester and Los Angeles. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Phylogeny and Classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae
Nord. J. Bot. - Section of tropical taxonomy Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecy laceae Susanne S. Renner Renner, S. S. 1993. Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecy- laceae. - Nord. J. Bot. 13: 519-540. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107-055X. A systematic analysis of the Melastomataceae, a pantropical family of about 4200- 4500 species in c. 166 genera, and their traditional allies, the Memecylaceae, with c. 430 species in six genera, suggests a phylogeny in which there are two major lineages in the Melastomataceae and a clearly distinct Memecylaceae. Melastomataceae have close affinities with Crypteroniaceae and Lythraceae, while Memecylaceae seem closer to Myrtaceae, all of which were considered as possible outgroups, but sister group relationships in this plexus could not be resolved. Based on an analysis of all morph- ological and anatomical characters useful for higher level grouping in the Melastoma- taceae and Memecylaceae a cladistic analysis of the evolutionary relationships of the tribes of the Melastomataceae was performed, employing part of the ingroup as outgroup. Using 7 of the 21 characters scored for all genera, the maximum parsimony program PAUP in an exhaustive search found four 8-step trees with a consistency index of 0.86. Because of the limited number of characters used and the uncertain monophyly of some of the tribes, however, all presented phylogenetic hypotheses are weak. A synapomorphy of the Memecylaceae is the presence of a dorsal terpenoid-producing connective gland, a synapomorphy of the Melastomataceae is the perfectly acrodro- mous leaf venation. Within the Melastomataceae, a basal monophyletic group consists of the Kibessioideae (Prernandra) characterized by fiber tracheids, radially and axially included phloem, and median-parietal placentation (placentas along the mid-veins of the locule walls). -
Garden Escapes & Other Weeds in Bushland and Reserves a Responsible Gardening Guide for the Sydney Region
Garden Escapes & Other Weeds in Bushland and Reserves A responsible gardening guide for the Sydney Region Sydney Weeds Committees Sydney Central Sydney South West Sydney North Sydney West – Blue Mountains C O N T E N T S General Information 3 Vines & Scramblers 6 Ground Covers 20 Bulbous & Succulent Weeds 34 Grass Weeds 51 Shrub Weeds 57 Tree Weeds 64 Water Weeds 74 Help Protect Your Local Environment 77 Common Plant Parts 78 Bibliography 79 Plant Me Instead 80 Index & Acknowledments 82 Reprinted 2012- Updated in 2018 Booklet adapted and reproduced with permission of Great Lakes Council The Problem What is a weed? Plants escape from gardens in a WEEDS are plants that don’t belong variety of ways, but one main cause where they are. They can include of spread from gardens is by green plants from other countries but are also waste dumping in bushland and road sometimes from other parts of Australia. reserves. This practice is harmful to the Weeds can be harmful to human and bush for many reasons, such as: animals. They also affect the ecology and appearance of bushland areas and s introducing weeds (plant fragments, waterways. bulbs, roots, tubers, seeds, spores) Weeds often grow faster than s smothering native plants native plants and out-compete them to become dominant in natural areas. The s changing the soil and ideal growing natural pests or diseases that would conditions for native plants otherwise control their growth are lacking s increasing fi re risk by increasing as the plants have been introduced from fuel loads. somewhere else. -
Restoration Fremontia Vol
VOL. 48, NO.1 NOVEMBER 2020 RESTORATION FREMONTIA VOL. 48, NO.1, NOVEMBER 2020 FROM THE EDITORS What kind of world do we want, and how do we get there? These are Protecting California’s native flora since the questions that drive restoration, the central theme of this issue. They 1965 are also the questions that have led the California Native Plant Society Our mission is to conserve California’s native leadership to initiate an important change to this publication, which will plants and their natural habitats, and increase take effect in the spring 2021 issue. understanding, appreciation, and horticultural The name of this publication, Fremontia, has been a point of concern use of native plants. and discussion since last winter, when members of the CNPS leader- ship learned some disturbing facts about John C. Frémont, from whom Copyright ©2020 dozens of North American plants, including the flannelbush plant California Native Plant Society Fremontodendron californicum, derive their names. According to multi- ISSN 0092-1793 (print) ple sources, including the State of California Native American Heritage ISSN 2572-6870 (online) Commission, Frémont was responsible for brutal massacres of Native Americans in the Sacramento Valley and Klamath Lake. As a consequence, The views expressed by the authors in this issue do not necessarily represent policy or proce- the CNPS board of directors voted unanimously to rename Fremontia, a dure of CNPS. process slated for completion by the end of 2020. The decision to rename Fremontia, a name that dates back to the ori- gins of the publication in 1973, is about the people who have been—and 2707 K Street, Suite 1 continue to be—systematically excluded from the conservation commu- Sacramento, CA 95816-5130 nity. -
Terrestrial and Marine Biological Resource Information
APPENDIX C Terrestrial and Marine Biological Resource Information Appendix C1 Resource Agency Coordination Appendix C2 Marine Biological Resources Report APPENDIX C1 RESOURCE AGENCY COORDINATION 1 The ICF terrestrial biological team coordinated with relevant resource agencies to discuss 2 sensitive biological resources expected within the terrestrial biological study area (BSA). 3 A summary of agency communications and site visits is provided below. 4 California Department of Fish and Wildlife: On July 30, 2020, ICF held a conference 5 call with Greg O’Connell (Environmental Scientist) and Corianna Flannery (Environmental 6 Scientist) to discuss Project design and potential biological concerns regarding the 7 Eureka Subsea Fiber Optic Cables Project (Project). Mr. O’Connell discussed the 8 importance of considering the western bumble bee. Ms. Flannery discussed the 9 importance of the hard ocean floor substrate and asked how the cable would be secured 10 to the ocean floor to reduce or eliminate scour. The western bumble bee has been 11 evaluated in the Biological Resources section of the main document, and direct and 12 indirect impacts are avoided. The Project Description describes in detail how the cable 13 would be installed on the ocean floor, the importance of the hard bottom substrate, and 14 the need for avoidance. 15 Consultation Outcomes: 16 • The Project was designed to avoid hard bottom substrate, and RTI Infrastructure 17 (RTI) conducted surveys of the ocean floor to ensure that proper routing of the 18 cable would occur. 19 • Ms. Flannery will be copied on all communications with the National Marine 20 Fisheries Service 21 California Department of Fish and Wildlife: On August 7, 2020, ICF held a conference 22 call with Greg O’Connell to discuss a site assessment and survey approach for the 23 western bumble bee. -
Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plant List
UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plants Below is the most recently updated plant list for UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve. * non-native taxon ? presence in question Listed Species Information: CNPS Listed - as designated by the California Rare Plant Ranks (formerly known as CNPS Lists). More information at http://www.cnps.org/cnps/rareplants/ranking.php Cal IPC Listed - an inventory that categorizes exotic and invasive plants as High, Moderate, or Limited, reflecting the level of each species' negative ecological impact in California. More information at http://www.cal-ipc.org More information about Federal and State threatened and endangered species listings can be found at https://www.fws.gov/endangered/ (US) and http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/ t_e_spp/ (CA). FAMILY NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LISTED Ferns AZOLLACEAE - Mosquito Fern American water fern, mosquito fern, Family Azolla filiculoides ? Mosquito fern, Pacific mosquitofern DENNSTAEDTIACEAE - Bracken Hairy brackenfern, Western bracken Family Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens fern DRYOPTERIDACEAE - Shield or California wood fern, Coastal wood wood fern family Dryopteris arguta fern, Shield fern Common horsetail rush, Common horsetail, field horsetail, Field EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail Family Equisetum arvense horsetail Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii Giant horse tail, Giant horsetail Pentagramma triangularis ssp. PTERIDACEAE - Brake Family triangularis Gold back fern Gymnosperms CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress Family Hesperocyparis macrocarpa Monterey cypress CNPS - 1B.2, Cal IPC -
Flora of China 13: 427. 2007. 6. GAURA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 347
Flora of China 13: 427. 2007. 6. GAURA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 347. 1753. 山桃草属 shan tao cao shu Chen Jiarui (陈家瑞 Chen Chia-jui); Peter C. Hoch, Warren L. Wagner Annual, biennial or perennial herbs, caulescent, with a taproot or woody branching caudex, occasionally with rhizomes. Stems one to several, simple or much branched. Leaves alternate, basal rosette leaves largest, decreasing in size upward, entire or toothed, often lyrate below, shortly petiolate below to subsessile above; stipules absent. Flowers perfect, zygomorphic to sometimes actino- morphic, forming a spicate raceme, not leafy, opening near sunset or near sunrise. Floral tube distinct, cylindric, deciduous soon after anthesis. Sepals (3 or)4, reflexed, green or yellowish. Petals (3 or)4, white, fading to reddish, rarely yellow, usually abruptly clawed. Stamens (6 or)8. Anthers versatile; pollen shed singly. Ovary with (3 or)4 locules, with 1(or 2) ovules per locule; stigma divided into (3 or)4 short linear lobes, receptive all around, and subtended by a ± conspicuous ringlike indusium. Fruit an indehiscent nutlike capsule with hard walls, broadly fusiform to subcylindric, terete to sharply (3 or)4-angled, sessile or basal portion sterile and stipelike. Seeds (1 or)2–4 per capsule, irregularly ovoid. 2n = 14, 28, 42, 56. Twenty-one species: C and E North America to C Mexico; one species (naturalized) in China. Two other species are known from cultivation. Gaura lindheimeri Engelmann & A. Gray is native to black-soil prairies of SC North America and is distinguished in part by its relatively large flowers (petals 1–1.5 cm), opening near sunrise, and sepals with long, erect hairs. -
Vestured Pits in Wood of Onagraceae: Correlations with Ecology, Habit, and Phylogeny1
VESTURED PITS IN WOOD OF Sherwin Carlquist2 and Peter H. Raven3 ONAGRACEAE: CORRELATIONS WITH ECOLOGY, HABIT, AND PHYLOGENY1 ABSTRACT All Onagraceae for which data are available have vestured pits on vessel-to-vessel pit pairs. Vestures may also be present in some species on the vessel side of vessel-to-ray pit pairs. Herbaceous Onagraceae do not have fewer vestures, although woods with lower density (Circaea L. and Oenothera L.) have fewer vestures. Some Onagraceae from drier areas tend to have smaller vessel pits, and on that account may have fewer vestures (Epilobium L. and Megacorax S. Gonz´alez & W. L. Wagner). Pit apertures as seen on the lumen side of vessel walls are elliptical, occasionally oval, throughout the family. Vestures are predominantly attached to pit aperture margins. As seen from the outer surfaces of vessels, vestures may extend across the pit cavities. Vestures are usually absent or smaller on the distal portions of pit borders (except for Ludwigia L., which grows consistently in wet areas). Distinctive vesture patterns were observed in the several species of Lopezia Cav. and in Xylonagra Donn. Sm. & Rose. Vestures spread onto the lumen-facing vessel walls of Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P. H. Raven. Although the genera are presented here in the sequence of a recent molecular phylogeny of Onagraceae, ecology and growth forms are more important than evolutionary relationships with respect to abundance, degree of grouping, and morphology of vestured pits. Designation of vesture types is not warranted based on the distribution of named types in Onagraceae and descriptive adjectives seem more useful, although more data on vesturing in the family are needed before patterns of diversity and their extent can be fully ascertained. -
Philip A. Munz, Botanist and Friend Sherwin Carlquist Claremont Graduate University; Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 8 | Issue 3 Article 2 1975 Philip A. Munz, Botanist and Friend Sherwin Carlquist Claremont Graduate University; Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Carlquist, Sherwin (1975) "Philip A. Munz, Botanist and Friend," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 8: Iss. 3, Article 2. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol8/iss3/2 ALISO VoL. 8, No. 3, pp. 211-220 SEPTEMBER 22, 1975 PHILIP A. MUNZ, BOTANIST AND FRIEND SHERWIN CAHLQUIST Claremont Graduate School ancl Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California 91711 With the passing of Philip Alexander Munz on April 10, 1974, we, his many friends, have lost a personality whose importance far exceeded what his modest, gentle demeanor suggested. To me, he was a fine scientist whose qualities demonstrated that great contributions to botany can be the product of simple and compelling virtues rather than spectacular charisma. Some of these simple virtues could no doubt be traced to his rural origins. He was born on April 1, 1892, in Saratoga, Wyoming. When he was six, his family moved to Denver. He graduated from high school at the age of sixteen, but his parents then kept him at home for a year because that chronological age made him too young to begin college. H e attended the University of D enver, living at home and traveling to classes on his bicycle. As a sophomore in college, Phil Munz was told he should continue in the sciences.