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Adorning the Dead a Bio-Archaeological Analysis of Ochre Application to Gravettian Burials
Adorning the Dead A Bio-Archaeological Analysis of Ochre Application to Gravettian Burials Sierra McKinney; University of Victoria ©2016 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Theoretical Orientation ...................................................................................................................... 4 Literature Review ................................................................................................................................. 5 History of Ochre Use: ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Gravettian Burials and the Archaeology Record: .................................................................................. 6 Methods of Ochre Application ...................................................................................................................... 8 Established Gravettian Regional Variation: ......................................................................................... 11 Material and Methodology ............................................................................................................... 14 Burial Database .............................................................................................................................................. 14 GIS Analysis ..................................................................................................................................................... -
Raqefet Cave: the 2006 Excavation Season
JournalTHE LATE of The NATUFIAN Israel Prehistoric AT RAQEFET Society CAVE 38 (2008), 59-131 59 The Late Natufian at Raqefet Cave: The 2006 Excavation Season DANI NADEL1 GYORGY LENGYEL1,2 FANNY BOCQUENTIN3 ALEXANDER TSATSKIN1 DANNY ROSENBERG1 REUVEN YESHURUN1 GUY BAR-OZ1 DANIELLA E. BAR-YOSEF MAYER4 RON BEERI1 LAURENCE CONYERS5 SAGI FILIN6 ISRAEL HERSHKOVITZ7 ALDONA KURZAWSKA8 LIOR WEISSBROD1 1 Zinman Institute of Archaeology, the University of Haifa, 31905 Mt. Carmel, Israel 2 Faculty of Arts, Institute of Historical Sciences, Department of Prehistory and Ancient History. University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemvros, Hungary 3 UMR 7041 du CNRS, Ethnologie Préhistorique, 21 Allée de l’Université, F-92023 Nanterre Cedex, France 4 Department of Maritime Civilizations and The Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies, University of Haifa, Israel 5 Department of Anthropology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA 6 Department of Transportation and Geo-Information Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel 7 Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel 8 Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan Branch, Poland 59 60 NADEL D. et al. ABSTRACT A long season of excavation took place at Raqefet cave during the summer of 2006. In the first chamber we exposed an area rich with Natufian human burials (Locus 1), a large bedrock basin with a burial and two boulder mortars (Locus 2), an in situ Natufian layer (Locus 3), and two areas with rich cemented sediments (tufa) covering the cave floor (Loci 4, 5). The latter indicate that at the time of occupation the Natufian layers covered the entire floor of the first chamber. -
Nasal Floor Variation Among Eastern Eurasian Pleistocene Homo Xiu-Jie WU1, Scott D
ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE Vol. 120(3), 217–226, 2012 Nasal floor variation among eastern Eurasian Pleistocene Homo Xiu-Jie WU1, Scott D. MADDUX2, Lei PAN1,3, Erik TRINKAUS4* 1Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, People’s Republic of China 2Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA 3Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China 4Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA Received 28 March 2012; accepted 9 July 2012 Abstract A bi-level nasal floor, although present in most Pleistocene and recent human samples, reaches its highest frequency among the western Eurasian Neandertals and has been considered a fea- ture distinctive of them. Early modern humans, in contrast, tend to feature a level (or sloping) nasal floor. Sufficiently intact maxillae are rare among eastern Eurasian Pleistocene humans, but several fos- sils provide nasal floor configurations. The available eastern Eurasian Late Pleistocene early modern humans have predominantly level nasal floors, similar to western early modern humans. Of the four observable eastern Eurasian archaic Homo maxillae (Sangiran 4, Chaoxian 1, Xujiayao 1, and Chang- yang 1), three have the bi-level pattern and the fourth is scored as bi-level/sloping. It therefore appears that bi-level nasal floors were common among Pleistocene archaic humans, and a high frequency of them is not distinctive of the Neandertals. Key words: noses, maxilla, Asia, palate, Neandertal Introduction dominate with the bi-level configuration being present in ≤10% in all but a sub-Saharan African “Bantu” sample In his descriptions of the Shanidar Neandertal crania, (Table 1). -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
The Geoglyphs of Har Karkom (Negev, Israel): Classification and Interpretation
PAPERS XXIV Valcamonica Symposium 2011 THE GEOGLYPHS OF HAR KARKOM (NEGEV, ISRAEL): CLASSIFICATION AND INTERPRETATION Federico Mailland* Abstract - The geoglyphs of Har Karkom (Negev, Israel): classification and interpretation There is a debate on the possible interpretation of geoglyphs as a form of art, less durable than rock engravings, picture or sculpture. Also, there is a debate on how to date the geoglyphs, though some methods have been proposed. Har Karkom is a rocky mountain, a mesa in the middle of what today is a desert, a holy mountain which was worshipped in the prehis- tory. The flat conformation of the plateau and the fact that it was forbidden to the peoples during several millennia allowed the preservation of several geoglyphs on its flat ground. The geoglyphs of Har Karkom are drawings made on the surface by using pebbles or by cleaning certain areas of stones and other surface rough features. Some of the drawings are over 30 m long. The area of Har Karkom plateau and the southern Wadi Karkom was surveyed and zenithal pictures were taken by means of a balloon with a hanging digital camera. The aerial survey of Har Karkom plateau has reviewed the presence of about 25 geoglyph sites concentrated in a limited area of no more than 4 square km, which is considered to have been a sacred area at the time the geoglyphs were produced and defines one of the major world concentrations of this kind of art. The possible presence among the depictions of large mammals, such as elephant and rhino, already extinct in the area since late Pleistocene, may imply a Palaeolithic dating for some of the pebble drawings, which would make them the oldest pebble drawings known so far. -
The Role of American Archeologists in the Study of the European Upper Paleolithic Lawrence G
PaleoAnthropology, October 2004 The Role of American Archeologists in the Study of the European Upper Paleolithic Lawrence G. Straus, Editor BAR International Series 1048. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2002. Pp. 83 (paperback). ISBN 1-84171-429-1 Reviewed by Marta Camps Human Origins Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution This volume stems from a colloquium organized within the XIV UISPP Congress in Liège (Belgium), in 2001. It was quite clear to those who attended that the subject was not only an interesting and important one, but far richer than the short session could accommodate. Fortunately—particularly after notable absences among the scheduled speakers—this volume was successfully compiled and stands as a good, reliable source of information for scholars working on the European Upper Paleolithic or on the historiography of this research topic. Before commenting on the individual papers, I think it is necessary to highlight the originality of its focus, which is seldom a subject of study in itself. At first, it may look like the recollection of personal anecdotes, from American researchers who work in Europe and Europeans who are working with American colleagues in joint projects, but it soon becomes obvious that it is much more than just “their personal stories.” The way in which we understand the European Paleolithic at present has been shaped in part by many of the events, differences, and combinations of the two perspectives that the contributions mentioned below portray. Straus offers an extremely detailed account of the historical development of American participation in European projects since the late 19th century. At that time, the purpose of American visits was not only the collection of material, but also to train young workers. -
Paléobiologie
REVUE DE VOLUME 35 (2 ) – 2016 PALÉOBIOLOGIE Une institution Ville de Genève www.museum-geneve.ch Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève (décembre 2016) 35 (2): 417-445 ISSN 0253-6730 New data on Late Pleistocene and Holocene red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris L., 1758, in Italy Antonio TAGLIACOZZO1, Ivana FIORE1, Mario F. ROLFO2, Letizia SILVESTRI3 & Leonardo SALARI4* 1 Sezione di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico “Luigi Pigorini”, Piazza Guglielmo Marconi 14, I-00144 Roma, Italy. Email: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via Columbia 1, I-00163 Roma, Italy. Email : [email protected] 3 Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham, United Kingdom. Email: letizia. [email protected] 4 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra (collaboratore esterno), “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy Email : [email protected] * Corresponding author Abstract The genus Sciurus is known since Late Miocene in the European fossil record, but it is quite rare. Fossil remains of squirrels occur in relatively few sites and generally with very few specimens, sometimes only one or two teeth. Recent finds of a Sciurus vulgaris mandible from Grotta Mora Cavorso (Latium), and the reanalysis of the red squirrel remains from the Caverna delle Arene Candide (Liguria), the Riparo Soman (Veneto) and the Grotta del Santuario della Madonna (Calabria) provide new data and insights on the change in size of the rodent and on its geographic and ecological distribution in the Pleistocene and Holocene of Italy. The study of food preferences of the current red squirrel predators provides solid comparative data to measure the relative rarity of the bone remains found in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleontological deposits and archaeological contexts. -
The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa
Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Introduction 20 The African archeological record of 43-28 ka as a comparison 21 A - The Aurignacian has no direct equivalent in Africa 21 B - Archaic hominins persist in Africa through much of the Late Pleistocene 24 C - High modification symbolic artifacts in Africa and Eurasia 24 Conclusions 26 Acknowledgements 26 References cited 27 To cite this article Tryon C. A. , 2015 - The Aurignacian Viewed from Africa, in White R., Bourrillon R. (eds.) with the collaboration of Bon F., Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe, Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University, P@lethnology, 7, 19-33. http://www.palethnologie.org 19 P@lethnology | 2015 | 19-33 Aurignacian Genius: Art, Technology and Society of the First Modern Humans in Europe Proceedings of the International Symposium, April 08-10 2013, New York University THE AURIGNACIAN VIEWED FROM AFRICA Christian A. TRYON Abstract The Aurignacian technocomplex in Eurasia, dated to ~43-28 ka, has no direct archeological taxonomic equivalent in Africa during the same time interval, which may reflect differences in inter-group communication or differences in archeological definitions currently in use. Extinct hominin taxa are present in both Eurasia and Africa during this interval, but the African archeological record has played little role in discussions of the demographic expansion of Homo sapiens, unlike the Aurignacian. Sites in Eurasia and Africa by 42 ka show the earliest examples of personal ornaments that result from extensive modification of raw materials, a greater investment of time that may reflect increased their use in increasingly diverse and complex social networks. -
A B S T Ra C T S O F T H E O Ra L and Poster Presentations
Abstracts of the oral and poster presentations (in alphabetic order) see Addenda, p. 271 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 81 82 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 ABRAMS Grégory1, BONJEAN ABUHELALEH Bellal1, AL NAHAR Maysoon2, Dominique1, Di Modica Kévin1 & PATOU- BERRUTI Gabriele Luigi Francesco, MATHIS Marylène2 CANCELLIERI Emanuele1 & THUN 1, Centre de recherches de la grotte Scladina, 339D Rue Fond des Vaux, 5300 Andenne, HOHENSTEIN Ursula1 Belgique, [email protected]; [email protected] ; [email protected] 2, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Département Préhistoire du Muséum National d’Histoire 1, Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, Ferrara Naturelle, 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France, [email protected] (FE: 44100), Italy, [email protected] 2, Department of Archaeology, University of Jordan. Amman 11942 Jordan, maysnahar@gmail. com Les os brûlés de l’ensemble sédimentaire 1A de Scladina (Andenne, Belgique) : apports naturels ou restes de foyer Study of Bone artefacts and use techniques from the Neo- néandertalien ? lithic Jordanian site; Tell Abu Suwwan (PPNB-PN) L’ensemble sédimentaire 1A de la grotte Scladina, daté par 14C entre In this paper we would like to present the experimental study car- 40 et 37.000 B.P., recèle les traces d’une occupation par les Néan- ried out in order to reproduce the bone artifacts coming from the dertaliens qui contient environ 3.500 artefacts lithiques ainsi que Neolithic site Tell Abu Suwwan-Jordan. This experimental project plusieurs milliers de restes fauniques, attribués majoritairement au aims to complete the archaeozoological analysis of the bone arti- Cheval pour les herbivores. -
Gilliane Monnier,* Gilbert Tostevin,⁑ Goran Pajović,** Nikola Borovinić,*** Mile Baković***
Gilliane Monnier,* Gilbert Tostevin,⁑ Goran Pajović,** Nikola Borovinić,*** Mile Baković*** Nova istraživanja paleolitskog nalazišta Crvena Stijena, istorijski kontekst Abstract: The rockshelter of Crvena Stijena (Nikšić municipality, Montenegro) is one of the most important Paleolithic sites in southeastern Europe. Its 20-meter deep sequence of archaeological deposits spans the Middle Paleolithic through the Bronze Age. The Middle Paleolithic deposits themselves, which cover an astonishing 12 meters in depth, contain one of the longest records of Neanderthal occupation in the region. Since its discovery in 1954, the site has been the subject of two major research projects; the data they have produced have helped make it a critical type-site for the Paleolithic in the Balkans. In this paper, our goal is to introduce the aims and methodologies of the new research collaboration at Crvena Stijena that we established in 2016. We first present the site within the context of the Middle Paleolithic of the western Balkans. We then describe the history of research at Crvena Stijena, and summarize the results of the last project, which were recently published1. Finally, we describe the research questions that are guiding our new investigations, and the methods we are applying in order to answer these questions while preserving as much of the site as possible for future generations of archaeologists. Keywords: Middle Paleolithic, Neanderthals, Balkans, fire, stone tools I. Uvod Nova istraživanja se sprovode u kontekstu saradnje Narodnog muzeja Crne Gore i Univerziteta Minesota, uspostavljene 2016. godine. Njihova svrha je ispitivanje sloja srednjeg paleolita na poznatom lokalitetu Crvena Stijena.U ovom radu predstavljamo istoriju istraživanja na Crvenoj stijeni, koja je iskopavana od 1954. -
Paleoanthropology Society Meeting Abstracts, Memphis, Tn, 17-18 April 2012
PALEOANTHROPOLOGY SOCIETY MEETING ABSTRACTS, MEMPHIS, TN, 17-18 APRIL 2012 Paleolithic Foragers of the Hrazdan Gorge, Armenia Daniel Adler, Anthropology, University of Connecticut, USA B. Yeritsyan, Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, ARMENIA K. Wilkinson, Archaeology, Winchester University, UNITED KINGDOM R. Pinhasi, Archaeology, UC Cork, IRELAND B. Gasparyan, Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, ARMENIA For more than a century numerous archaeological sites attributed to the Middle Paleolithic have been investigated in the Southern Caucasus, but to date few have been excavated, analyzed, or dated using modern techniques. Thus only a handful of sites provide the contextual data necessary to address evolutionary questions regarding regional hominin adaptations and life-ways. This talk will consider current archaeological research in the Southern Caucasus, specifically that being conducted in the Republic of Armenia. While the relative frequency of well-studied Middle Paleolithic sites in the Southern Caucasus is low, those considered in this talk, Nor Geghi 1 (late Middle Pleistocene) and Lusakert Cave 1 (Upper Pleistocene), span a variety of environmental, temporal, and cultural contexts that provide fragmentary glimpses into what were complex and evolving patterns of subsistence, settlement, and mobility over the last ~200,000 years. While a sample of two sites is too small to attempt a serious reconstruction of Middle Paleolithic life-ways across such a vast and environmentally diverse region, the sites -
Assessing Relationships Between Human Adaptive Responses and Ecology Via Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling William E
Assessing relationships between human adaptive responses and ecology via eco-cultural niche modeling William E. Banks To cite this version: William E. Banks. Assessing relationships between human adaptive responses and ecology via eco- cultural niche modeling. Archaeology and Prehistory. Universite Bordeaux 1, 2013. hal-01840898 HAL Id: hal-01840898 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01840898 Submitted on 11 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Thèse d'Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches Université de Bordeaux 1 William E. BANKS UMR 5199 PACEA – De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie Assessing Relationships between Human Adaptive Responses and Ecology via Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling Soutenue le 14 novembre 2013 devant un jury composé de: Michel CRUCIFIX, Chargé de Cours à l'Université catholique de Louvain, Belgique Francesco D'ERRICO, Directeur de Recherche au CRNS, Talence Jacques JAUBERT, Professeur à l'Université de Bordeaux 1, Talence Rémy PETIT, Directeur de Recherche à l'INRA, Cestas Pierre SEPULCHRE, Chargé de Recherche au CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette Jean-Denis VIGNE, Directeur de Recherche au CNRS, Paris Table of Contents Summary of Past Research Introduction ..................................................................................................................