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Home , Adam Batirov, Blombos Cave, Cueva Fell, Denisova Cave, Maria Gargani, Pinnacle Point

Abstracts of the oral and poster presentations (in alphabetic order) see Addenda, p. 271

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 81 82 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 ABRAMS Grégory1, BONJEAN ABUHELALEH Bellal1, AL NAHAR Maysoon2, Dominique1, Di Modica Kévin1 & PATOU- BERRUTI Gabriele Luigi Francesco, MATHIS Marylène2 CANCELLIERI Emanuele1 & THUN 1, Centre de recherches de la grotte , 339D Rue Fond des Vaux, 5300 Andenne, HOHENSTEIN Ursula1 Belgique, [email protected]; [email protected] ; [email protected] 2, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, Département Préhistoire du Muséum National d’Histoire 1, Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, Ferrara Naturelle, 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, , [email protected] (FE: 44100), , [email protected] 2, Department of , University of . Amman 11942 Jordan, maysnahar@gmail. com Les os brûlés de l’ensemble sédimentaire 1A de Scladina (Andenne, Belgique) : apports naturels ou restes de foyer Study of Bone artefacts and use techniques from the Neo- néandertalien ? lithic Jordanian site; Tell Abu Suwwan (PPNB-PN)

L’ensemble sédimentaire 1A de la grotte Scladina, daté par 14C entre In this paper we would like to present the experimental study car- 40 et 37.000 B.P., recèle les traces d’une occupation par les Néan- ried out in order to reproduce the bone artifacts coming from the dertaliens qui contient environ 3.500 artefacts lithiques ainsi que site Tell Abu Suwwan-Jordan. This experimental project plusieurs milliers de restes fauniques, attribués majoritairement au aims to complete the archaeozoological analysis of the bone arti- Cheval pour les herbivores. facts in order to contribute to understand the cultural perspective L’altération du matériel osseux, due aux agents climato-édaphiques during the occupation of Tell Abu Suwwan. et à l’impact des carnivores, n’autorise pas l’observation de traces Tell Abu Suwwan is one of Pre Neolithic mega villages anthropiques nettes. De ce lot, émerge cependant plus d’une cen- which is located in Northern Jordan. The site was excavated by the taine de fragments osseux qui porte les stigmates d’une exposition University of Jordan 2005,2006,2007 and 2008 field excavations, prolongée au feu. La majorité a atteint le seuil de carbonisation et directed by prof. M Al Nahar, suggest that the site was occupied présente une forte réduction de la taille (qui en empêche l’identi- continually from the Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic phase B (MPPNB) fication anatomique et taxinomique), critères souvent attribués à to the Yarmoukian (PN) period. l’utilisation des ossements comme combustibles. During the excavation of Tell Abu Suwwan 46 bone artifacts has La répartition spatiale ne permet pas d’observer de concentration been recovered: some are bone like points and awls and des éléments brûlés. Ils sont éparpillés sur la totalité de la surface others present engraving on the surface: as parallel cut marks. The de la grotte, équivalant à près de 200 m2. Leur distribution est tou- preferred raw material is bone of medium size like gazelle tefois calquée sur celle qui affecte les productions lithiques, ren- and goat, which ribs and tibia and radius were modified to obtain forçant ainsi le caractère anthropique de l’ensemble. Celui-ci est those artifacts. encore conforté par la même coexistence d’artefacts et de témoins brûlés en couche 5, l’autre niveau d’occupation humaine, plus an- In cooperation with Prof. M Al Nahar, who studies the lithic indus- cien (O.I.S. 5), de Scladina. Enfin, a contrario, la quasi-absence d’élé- try of Tell Abu Suwwan, the researchers of the University of Ferrara ments brûlés caractérise les autres couches, non anthropiques, du reproduced experimentally the bone objects by using the the lithic gisement. tools similar to the original ones. SEM analysis were carried out S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster both on the bone objects and the lithic instruments to document the marks related to the manufacturing and utilization of the bones artefacts and the flint use wear. ABUHELALEH Bellal1, AL NAHAR Maysoon2 S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster & THUN HOHENSTEIN Ursula1 1, Department of Biology and Evolution, University of Ferrara, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, Ferrara(FE: 44100), Italy, [email protected]; [email protected] 2, Department of Archaeology, University of Jordan. Amman 11942 Jordan, maysnahar@gmail. com ABU-LABAN Aiysha Copenhagen University, 2300 Copenhagen S, [email protected] The use of resources during the Neolithic period in the Jordanian site Tell Abu Suwwan (PPNB-PN) Exchange systems in Levantine Pre-Pottery Neolithic B societies – An analysis and This paper aims to present the preliminary results of the archaeo- zoological analysis carried out on the faunal assemblages of Tell reconstruction of the use of mollusc shells from the Abu Suwwan - Jordan. Southern Jordanian site Shkarat Msaied Tell Abu Suwwan is one of Pre Pottery Neolithic mega villages The early Neolithic site Shkarat Msaied (MPPNB period) was oc- which located in Northern Jordan. The site was excavated by the cupied during the 8th millennium b.p., and is located in southern University of Jordan 2005,2006,2007 and 2008 field excavations, Jordan. Among the material assemblage excavated from this site directed by prof. Maysoon Al Nahar, suggest that the site was oc- are marine shells originating from the Sea and the Mediterra- cupied continually from the Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic phase B nean Sea, being located more than 100 km from the semi-arid in- (MPPNB) to the Yarmoukian (Pottery Neolithic) period. land where the site is situated. The assemblage includes more than The site was excavated in two area: area A which contained few 20 different marine mollusc species, and most of the shells have walls, plaster floors and area B that yielded a large square and a rec- been modified for possible use as ornaments. The conjecture to tangular building with three clear types of plaster floors. Both Areas discoveries of marine shells in inland sites such as Shkarat Msaied A and B include many lithics, faunal remains and some small finds. is typically that they are an ipso facto proof of contact or exchange The faunal assemblages of Tell Abu Suwwan are mainly composed between groups from different regions. Given the long distance by domestic taxa like goat and sheep, and wild species as gazelle, from which such artefacts originate they are often interpreted by wild boar and other ungulates. archaeologists as valuable objects and thus categorised as prestige These faunal assemblages were bad preserved due to high limes- and/or exotic items. Through the analysis of the shells from Shkarat tone mineralization on the surface of the assemblages. Anthropical Msiaed this paper will re-evaluate the above mentioned hypothesis and natural factors increased the bone fragmentation. by including anthropological approaches. This archaezoological analysis wish to present the paleo-economic change during the different phases of the Neolithic. S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster Acquisition and use of shell raw materials in , oral

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 83 ACOSTA Alejandro & LOPONTE Daniel The list was created by the authors in March 2000 in response to the academic isolation often felt by those working singly or in small CONICET/Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano. Postal address: 3 de febrero 1378, Buenos Aires, (C1426BJN), [email protected]; teams of specialists. ZOOARCH has grown from a mere twenty [email protected] members on day one to over 830 members from 43 countries to- day, and over the years has posed hundreds of queries and supplied Presence of prehispanic domestic (Canis familiaris) thousands of answers. The ZOOARCH discussion list has always among hunter-gatherer groups of southern South Ame- aimed to be inclusive, relevant and supportive and its real strength rica continues to be the zooarchaeological community itself and the willingess of people to share their knowledge and their data with Between 1970 to 1980 a series of canid remains recovered in diffe- others. It is probably no exaggeration to say that it has, to a subs- rent archaeological sites, the southern extreme of , tantial extent, changed the way zooarchaeologists communicate. particularly in Pampa and generated an important dis- This paper will provide an account on the origins and development cussion concerning whether prehispanic dogs had actually existed of ZOOARCH, its context in the world of zooarchaeology and its re- in the region. Recent evidence recovered by several teams investi- lationship and collaboration with other zooarchaeological services, gating hunter-gatherer sites in the southeast and central eastern such as ICAZ, BoneCommons,and, more recently, the Zooarchaeo- area of the Pampean region and an area of northern Patagonia fir- logy Social Network. We will also discuss the future and how the list mly establish the presence of Canis familiaris among those groups could develop over the next ten years. inhabiting the area during late . S2-6, Influencing, supporting and maintaining our profession: The main objective of this work is to present data on C. familiaris past, present and future, oral recovered in two sites, both located in the southern extreme of the Plata Basin, in which we have verified its presence. We discuss se- veral aspects related to the origin and presence of dogs. We also Albarella Umberto consider some behavioral issues which characterized hunter gathe- University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, S1 4ET, Sheffield, UK. u.albarella@ rer groups in the area and take in account interpretations of other sheffield.ac.uk investigators working in other Pampean areas and Patagonia. We One step forward and two steps back: archaeology, dna discuss the causes of their late appearance and low frequency in and the infantilization of research southern South American hunter gatherer sites, particularly in the vast territory extending from parallel 32º to the south of the sub- Recent advances in genetic research, particularly in the study of continent. ancient DNA, have opened up new interesting avenues of research S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, poster in archaeology. These opportunities have, however, been accom- panied by a substantial body of questions and problems. Some of ADLER Daniel S.1, CLEGHORN Naomi2, & these are technical and methodological, and will not be discussed BAR-OZ Guy3 as part of this paper, which rather deals with the epistemological of the problems. A potentially controversial issue that will 1, University of Connecticut, Department of Anthropology, 354 Mansfield Rd, Unit 2176, Storrs, be highlighted is that the genetic may have seemed to some CT USA. [email protected] 2, University of Texas Arlington, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, PO Box 19599, archaeologists to be so powerful that this has led them to become Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [email protected] overanxious to find straightforward answers to their questions. This 3, Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, , 31905 Haifa, . [email protected] has unfortunately at times occurred at the expenses of scientific ri- gour and intellectual honesty. Good, simple stories fit with the Faunal Acquisition and Processing Behaviors in the Cau- general dumbing down of critical thought, so much acclaimed in casus During the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic the era of global markets and anti intellectualism. They also have the unquestionable advantage of being liked by funding bodies Currently only a handful of sites provide the detailed, taphonomi- and top rated journals. Competitive and careerist attitudes have cally informed zooarchaeological data necessary to interpret sub- therefore persuaded many researchers to jump on the bandwagon sistence strategies across the Middle to Upper boundary of genetic analysis. Anxiety to succeed has, however, blinded many in the Caucasus region. In this paper we begin the first integration of them from paying attention to the possibility that their sanitised of such datasets from sites on the northern and southern side of accounts may little relation with the complexities of the mountains (e.g., southern , , ). Specifi- behaviour and history. Past and current attitudes and possible so- cally we compare patterns in prey species abundance, variability, lutions will be discussed, with a special attention to potential sce- and seasonality, and processing and consumption behaviors. We narios for the future. hypothesize that a) faunal records from both sides of the moun- S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral tains will exhibit similar processing and consumption behaviors, b) any variability in species abundance and seasonality will reflect variable ecological conditions, and c) no major ruptures in prey ac- ALCALDE GONZALES Javier & SEGURA quisition patterns will be discernable between the Middle and Up- per Palaeolithic. Large scale dataset integration and collaboration GUTIÉRREZ Luz among faunal analysts is the most effective approach to understan- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Ciudad Universitaria. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, ding subsistence strategies across geographically complex regions Departamento de Arqueología, Av. Venezuela s/n, Lima 1. Perú. [email protected] like the Caucasus. S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages Choromytilus chorus en la costa central de los Andes: im- (OIS) 4/3 - Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral plicancias sociales desde el registro arqueológico ALBARELLA Umberto1 & MULVILLE Jacqueline2 El Choro zapato, Choromytilus chorus, es una especie malacológica de amplia difusión en el registro arqueológico de la costa de los 1, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, S1 4ET, Sheffield, UK, u.albarella@ sheffield.ac.uk Andes. La presencia del Choromytilus chorus es abundante en los 2, Cardiff University, Humanities Building, Colum Drive, CF10 3EU, Cardiff, UK, mulvilleja@cardiff. conchales del periodo Arcaico, sin embargo el volumen y número ac.uk relativo de restos va disminuyendo con el tiempo, hasta ser muy es- ‘does anyone know...?’ communities, communication and zooarch caso desde el siglo XIII en adelante. Partiendo desde una perspec- tiva biológica, discutiendo las variables ecológicas, proyectaremos ZOOARCH, an UK based academic mailing list service, is now in its a través de tablas las implicancias históricas entre el Choromytilus tenth year and it seems timely to review the history and impact of chorus y las poblaciones de la costa central peruana. Compartien- this resource on the zooarchaeological community. do información con investigaciones vinculadas se establecerá un

84 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 estado de la cuestión para tan importante especie. Finalmente in- Paso Otero 4 is a multicomonent open air site located in the mid- cluiremos los resultados de nuestras investigaciones en el valle de dle basin of the Quequén Grande River, Pampean region, Buenos Chincha, que han corroborado el consumo del Choromytilus chorus Aires province, Argentina. This site has been recently excavated hasta fines del siglo XVI. A través de los datos arqueológicos pre- (2008-2010) and a great diversity of faunal evidence were recove- sentaremos su importancia económica (alimentaria y artefactual), red dated to the Early and Middle Holocene. The aim of this paper mediante la reconstrucción de los modos de trabajo asociados al is to present the results of the zooarchaeological and taxonomical Choromytilus chorus. analyses conducted to the faunal assemblages of Paso Otero 4, and S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster to discuss the contribution of this site to former subsistence models proposed for this region for Early and Middle Holocene. Moreover, ALLEN Melinda S. the site yielded evidences for discussing the survival of into the Early Holocene. The results show evidence of butche- Department of Anthropology, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, . [email protected] ring and consumption of at least 6 species, such as (Lama guanicoe), pampean deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus), ñandú (Rhea In search of sustainability: variability in Maori response americana), patagonian hare (Dolichotis patagonum), viscacha (La- to changing shellfish resources in northern New Zealand gostomus maximus), skunk (Conepatus sp.), and different species of armadillos. Among the armadillos, several elements of Eutatus The impact of intensive foraging practices on marine molluscs has seguini, an extinct species, with clear evidences of consumption been demonstrated in a number of localities world-wide, including were recovered. Also, bones of an extinct fox (Dusycion avus) were New Zealand. In shellfish populations where prior exposure identified. to is lacking, large-bodied species and large (mature) in- S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster dividuals of comparatively smaller taxa are often well represented. Sustained harvesting typically brings declines in both classes of ÁLVAREZ-FERNÁNDEZ Esteban1 & large specimens and, over time, declines in foraging efficiency. The 2 New Zealand archaeological record offers an opportunity to exa- DUPONT Catherine mine how closely related groups of people, with a broadly similar 1, Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad de Salamanca, subsistence economy, responded to changing molluscan resour- España. [email protected] 2, UMR 6566 CNRS CReAAH « Centre de Recherche en Archéologie Archéosciences Histoire » ces. Assemblages from several North Island localities are compared CNRS. [email protected] in terms of temporal variation in shellfish composition, shellfish ecology, acquisition costs, and return rates. The examples illustrate shell on the European Atlantic Façade varied responses on the part of Maori foragers to the common pro- blem of resource declines and local extirpations. Personal ornaments, above all made from marine molluscs, have S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral been recovered from many Mesolithic sites in Europe. This poster analyses the pendants made from marine mollusc shells that have ALLENTUCK been recorded at Mesolithic and sites on the Atlantic Façade. They Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 are associated with settlements and burials. Particular attention will . [email protected] be given to taxonomic determination, taphonomic and technolo- gical aspects and the strategies utilised to obtain the raw materials Raw material availability and technological choice: mo- for these objects. Some evidences of long distance contacts (some- dified sheep and goat metapodia from an Early Bronze times over distances greater than 600 km) between hunter-gathe- Age site in central Israel rer groups located in coastal areas and other groups occupying the interior of the continent are also investigated here. This paper explores the incongruous relationship between bone S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster raw material availability and technological choice at the Early Bron- ze Age site of Horvat ‘Illin Tahtit (HIT) in central Israel. At HIT, the worked bone assemblage is mostly comprised of modified sheep AN Jiayuan and goat metapodia, whose function(s) are enigmatic. All speci- The National Museum of , Tian An Men Square East Side, Tongchengda Plaza,26 Jinganli mens have longitudinally-oriented abrasions on at least one face, Road,Chaoyang District, 100006, Beijing, CHINA. [email protected] and of these, some have bilaterally symmetrical drilled perforations A preliminary analysis of faunal remains unearthed from on the distal-posterior face and traces of bitumen. Furthermore, the Shangcheng site, Shanxi province the distal epiphyseal plates of all worked metapodia are unfused, while unfused epiphyses are nearly absent from the general fau- Large numbers of faunal remains have been recovered from the nal assemblage. Worked goat metacarpals are significantly more Shang city of Yuanqu, excavated 1986–2003. Located in Yuanqu common than sheep metacarpals or metatarsals of either species, County, Shanxi Province, the site dates from the late Yangshao, late despite the greater abundance of sheep over goat in the general Erlitou, early Erligang, & late Erligang periods to the Song Dynasty faunal assemblage. This paper proposes that the desire for standar- (ca. 5500–1000 BP). Many species of mollusks, fish, birds, & mam- dization was the key motivation in choosing this raw material over mals have been identified, with pig being the most frequent. similar, more abundant choices. This is explored through the analy- Study of the material leads to the following conclusions: sis of material properties such as bone mineral density, osteometry 1) The freshwater mollusk species Margaritanopsis laosensis & Ci- and natural morphology, and by considering that such technolo- pangopaludina cathayensis are similar to those from Zengpiyan gical choices were the product of entangled, though less tangible, in Guilin, Guangxi Province, indicating that the environment social considerations such as tradition and cohesion. around the Shang city at Yuanqu might have resembled that of Gui- S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral lin. As for , 20 species reveal their abundance, which mi- ght relate to a warm & moist and to a diversity of habitats. ALVAREZ María Clara, KAUFMANN Cristian, The presence of Cervus nippon & C. elaphus indicates a mixed forest, GUTIERREZ María & MARTÍNEZ Gustavo bush, and grassland environment especially for the Yangshao–late Erligang periods. CONICET, INCUAPA, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Olavarría, Argentina. [email protected]; ckaufman@soc. 2) There were many pigs in the . Based on their unicen.edu.ar; [email protected]; [email protected] ages at death, they were probably domesticated. Cattle & caprines were initially absent, appearing during the late Erlitou period. Their Analyses of the faunal assemblage of Paso Otero 4 (Bue- ages at death also suggest . nos Aires Province, Argentina). New evidences of the in- 3) Yuanqu city was an urban center of the early Shang dynasty tensification process in the Pampean Region (early–late Erligang: 3400–3200 BP). Based on the faunal remains,

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 85 meat consumption seems to have increased from the lower to up- sian . Research by Olsen, Outram, and Bendrey on materials per layers of the Erligang, reflecting an increasing population at the from Botai-culture sites in northern Kazakhstan revealed horse ma- site. nure inside settlements and horse milk residues in pots, proving the S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, controlled management of horse herds beginning 3600-3500 BC. Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, poster Riding, the application that made early horse domestication signi- ficant, is more difficult to prove. The principal evidence for riding is Anezaki Tomoko1 & Sakaniwa Hiroyuki2 bit wear, a common pathology caused by a bit, affecting the lower premolars and possibly (according to Bendrey) the mandible. New 1, 1674-1 Kamikuroiwa, 370-2345, Tomioka, , [email protected] 2, Natural Environmental Division, Department of Forestry and Environmental Affairs, Gunma research by Bendrey on bit wear and criticisms by Olsen, Outram, Prefecture Government, 1-1-1 Ohtemachi, Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture 371-8570 JAPAN and Levine of Anthony and Brown’s bit wear studies have made a review of the current state of bit wear studies necessary. Bit wear Season of birth and reproductive performance of wild as defined here is a pathology that reliably separates bitted from boars (Sus scrofa) in Gunma Prefecture, Japan never-bitted horses, and it appears on horse teeth at Botai-culture sites. But the Botai discoveries also should be understood within The season of birth and reproductive performance of the wild boars the broader context of horse use and cultural contacts across the in Gunma Prefecture, Japan was evaluated in this study. Samples Eurasian steppes during the 4th millennium BC that indicate an ear- of ovaries, uteri, skull and mandibles of female were collected. Of lier date for horse riding and management. 227 females analyzed, 27.2% were visibly pregnant, and male to fe- S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, oral male ratio of fetus was 85 to 79 and 34 were unable to identify the sex due to their size. The average litter size was 4.8. Most animals Antipushina Zhanna were expected to born in the months of March through September A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, Leninsky Pr., 33, , Russia, based on the fetus size. The results suggest that the season of birth [email protected] is variable and exogenous factors such as abundance of available food resources may have a strong impact on the reproductive Dynamics of palaeoenvironmental conditions over the conditions. last millenia by archaeomalacological data S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster We reconstructed dynamics of palaeoenvironmental conditions during the last millennium, based on analysis of invertebrates’ re- mains from archaeological site ADK-009 on Adak Island, Aleutian Islands. The site was excavated by members of an archaeological expedition, the Western Aleutian Archaeological and Palaeobio- logical Project (WAAPP), lead by Dr. West (University of Kansas). Radiocarbon analysis, made from fish bone collagen, showed that the cultural layers of the site ADK-009 was formed from the 6th to the 17th centuries cal AD. Zoogeographical analysis allows us to dis- tinguish the different climatic periods during the existence of the ancient settlement. The warmer periods were observed from the middle of the 8th till the middle10th centuries, and from the 14th till the 17th centuries. The periods from the 6th till the middle of the 8th centuries, and from the middle 10th till the 14th centuries were characterized by colder temperature conditions. Similar results were obtained by oxygen stable isotope analysis, made from bar- nacle calcite. Oxygen isotopes undergo a temperature-dependent fractionation during calcification, such that increasing temperature results in a decreasing fractionation between 16O and 18O, which will produce a lower δ18O value. Isotope analysis was carried out accor- ding to standard techniques (Jones, Quitmyer, 1996; Hu et al., 2001) using a Thermo-Finnigan DELTA-V Plus mass spectrometer (IEE RAS, Moscow). The total number of analyzed samples and labora- tory standard replicates ware 42 and 11, respectively. The results of isotope analysis allow us to ascertain the detailed climate dynamic from the 6th to the 17th centuries cal AD. Our results are well agreed with dendrochronological data from Russian Arctic (Hantemirov, Shiyatov, 2002). Therefore the marked climate changes were not local and characterized for entire Northern hemisphere. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (pro- ject № 09-04-00196), National Science Foundation (OPP-0353065), the programs “Origin and Evolution of the Biosphere” and “Biodiver- Anthony W. & Brown Dorcas R. sity and Gene Pool Dynamics” of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 1, Hartwick College, Anthropology Dept, 13820, Oneonta, NY, USA [email protected]; We reconstructed dynamics of palaeoenvironmental conditions [email protected] during the last millennium, based on analysis of invertebrates’ re- mains from archaeological site ADK-009 on Adak Island, Aleutian Is- Horseback riding and the Secondary Products Revolu- lands. Radiocarbon analysis, made from fish bone collagen, showed tion that the cultural layers of the site ADK-009 was formed from the 6th to the 17th centuries cal AD. Zoogeographical analysis and oxygen Horseback riding was an important element in Andrew Sherratt’s stable isotope analysis, made from barnacle calcite, allow us to dis- Secondary Products Revolution. He suggested that it began in the tinguish the different climatic periods during the existence of the northern Caucasus about 3500 BC when the asses in (imagined) ancient settlement. The warmer periods were observed from the Uruk-era copper caravans were replaced by native wild horses. This middle of the 8th till the middle10th centuries, and from the 14th till scenario is contradicted by new evidence suggesting an earlier the 17th centuries. The periods from the 6th till the middle of the 8th (before 3500 BC) and independent beginning of riding in the Eura- centuries, and from the middle 10th till the 14th centuries were cha-

86 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 racterized by colder temperature conditions. Our results are well relation directe avec l’environnement des sites et un mode de agreed with dendrochronological data from Russian Arctic (Han- vie régulier : le site côtier (Sebkhet Halk el Menjel) avec des temirov, Shiyatov, 2002). Therefore the marked climate changes espèces de type plaine, le site de montagne (Kef el Agab) avec were not local and characterized for entire Northern hemisphere. des espèces vivant sur des terrains accidentés (gazelle de The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Re- Cuvier, mouflon à manchettes). search (project № 09-04-00196), National Science Foundation (OPP- S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, oral 0353065), the programs “Origin and Evolution of the Biosphere” and “Biodiversity and Gene Pool Dynamics” of the Russian Academy Araújo Adauto1, Sianto Luciana1, of Sciences. 2 S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - Shells as Bouchet Françoise , Le Bailly indicators of palaeoenvironment, site formation and transformation, oral Matthieu3, Iñiguez Alena1, Leles Daniela1, Fugassa Martín4, Reinhard ANTONITES Annie R.1,2 Karl5, Mendonça de Souza Sheila1 & 1, Yale University, Department of Anthropology, 10 Sachem Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. [email protected] Ferreira Luiz Fernando1 2, National Museum Bloemfontein, Archaeology Department, P.O. Box 266, Bloemfontein, 9300, 1, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], dleles@yahoo. Provisioning the Empire: British military foodways com.br, [email protected], [email protected] 2, Université de Reims, 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France. francoise.bouchet@ during and after the South African War univ-reims.fr 3, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques del’Université de Franche-Comté, France Napoleon Bonaparte famously remarked that “an army marches on 4, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Diag. Alberdi Juan Bautista 2695, 7600 Mar Del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] its stomach”. This not only holds true for fighting soldiers, but in- 5, University of Nebraska-Lincoln | 101 Hardin Hall, 3100 Holdrege Street, Lincoln, NE 68583- cludes all the administrators, contractors and low ranking laborers 0961, USA. [email protected] involved in the quest for control. Thus, without a steady supply of food, growing Empires cannot sustain their power. Provisioning of Paleoparasitology and Paleogeography - ancient para- military and other personnel associated with the expansion of the site infections in the Old World and its influence in the British Empire during and after the South African War (1899-1902) colonial America has received little scholarly attention. From 2006 to 2008, the Natio- nal Museum Bloemfontein excavated a outside Bloemfon- Paleoparasitology results opened possibilities to understand di- tein that contain refuse of British soldiers, officers, engineers and lo- sease transmission in ancient populations. Parasite findings in Old cal laborers, employed to rebuild infrastructure after the war. In this and New World archaeological samples contributed with empirical paper, I will address the issue of military food supply and its impact data to understand the presence of parasite infections and paleo- on local patterns of animal exploitation through a combination of thologies in ancient material. Combining with archaeological and archival and preliminary zooarchaeological research. Contempo- anthropological data, among other research fields, it is possible to rary faunal assemblages from a military outpost, town residence get consistent results about health, disease, and the way ancient and farmstead also provide useful comparisons to characterize the people lived and interacted with environment, and how and to British Empire’s food supply strategies during this time. where these infections dispersed. Some parasite species infecting S2-3, Empires, oral humans today date from African ancestors, shared with great apes. Other parasites were acquired over the human process of biologial AOUADI-ABDELJAOUAD Nabiha1, and cultural evolution. We present examples of parasite findings in 2 3 3 archaeological material both from the Old and New World, and how DRIDI Yosra , MAINI Elena & CURCI Antonio they are closely linked to the different ways ancient populations 1. Institut National du Patrimoine, Sidi Abid el Ghiriani, 3100, Kairouan, Tunisie. aouadi73@ explored environment and became infected. Main results point to yahoo.fr 2. ESEP, Aix en Provence, France. [email protected] that the most common helminth parasites were already infecting 3. ArcheoLaBio – Research Centre of Bioarchaeology – Department of Archaeology - University New World ancient inhabitants before European conquest. Howe- of Bologna, via S. Vitale 30, Ravenna,Italie. [email protected]; [email protected] ver, a paleoepidemiological transition occurred at the time of the conquest. Native Americans were induced to live agglomerated, L’exploitation des animaux durant l’Holocène en Tunisie: thus facilitating parasite transmition as examplified by paleoparasi- entre la chasse et la domestication tology both in North and South American historical archaeological sites. Therefore, the burden of disease must have changed in short Depuis quelques années la reprise des recherches effectuées time, leading to clinical problems rarely experimented before. dans des sites clefs de l’Holocène en Tunisie: Sebkhet Halk S1-6, Palaeoparasitology: advances and potential, oral el Menjel, Kef el Agab et Bir Hmaïriya ont considérablement amélioré nos connaissances sur les populations humaines et ARBOGAST Rose-Marie les communautés fauniques qui leurs sont associées. Nous MISHA, UMR 7044, 5 allée du Général Rouvillois, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex essayons de suivre le comportement des groupes humains [email protected] vis-à-vis de leur milieu naturel depuis le Capsien jusqu’au Néolithique. Les vestiges fauniques sont traités sous trois The place of animals in the funerary space – diversity and principaux : systématique, archéozoologique et paléoen- state of faunal remains in burials from the early to the vironnemental. L’un des problèmes majeurs auxquels nous late Neolithic in northern France prétendons apporter quelques éléments de réponse est le re- tardement délibéré de la domestication des animaux par les Animal bones are one of the finds categories most frequently as- hommes préhistoriques. Au cours de l’Holocène, il existe une sociated with northern French funerary structures. Between the certaine constance des choix et des sources alimentaires. En early and late Neolithic, they encompass remains characterised by effet, l’apport de l’activité cynégétique à l’alimentation carnée a striking variability, ranging from isolated, disassociated and frag- était remarquable durant l’Holocène inférieur et moyen. L’ana- mentary bones to, at the other end of the spectrum, whole bones lyse ostéologique des différentes espèces présentes dans les belonging to partial skeletons or even more or less complete ske- gisements étudiés ne montre pas de changements particuliers letons. des taxons chassés. Les espèces sauvages les mieux repré- Through the different ways in which the presence of animals in the sentées sont le bœuf sauvage, l’antilope bubale et les gazelles. funerary space is articulated, I aim to elucidate the nature of these Leurs présences relatives dans les gisements étudiés sont en different kinds of deposits, to understand the representations and

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 87 the symbolic system which underlie the practices associated with DNA analysis was carried out on material from two archaeological the deposition of animal remains in burials and to outline how the excavations on the west coast of Canada (dating to 5000-200BP). Of development of these deposits resonates with that of the funerary 222 whale remains positively identified through DNA analysis, the structures themselves. majority were humpback whale, which is consistent with species S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster preference by indigenous whaling practice. In addition, detailed sequence analyses of the ancient DNA data revealed several haplo- Arbuckle Benjamin types currently unknown in the North Pacific today, indicating the Baylor University, Department of Anthropology, One Bear Place 97173, 76798-7173, Waco, USA loss of genetic diversity. The study demonstrates that ancient DNA ([email protected]) analysis, in conjunction with other archaeological and ethnogra- phic data, can provide essential data for sustainable conservation Ploughs or pastoralism, milk or mutton? The emergence management. of secondary product economies in prehistoric Anatolia S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster

In this paper, I discuss evidence for the use of secondary, or ante- ARROYO-CABRALES Joaquín1, CHÁVEZ mortem, products in Anatolia. Although a wide variety of sources 2 2 of data including biometrics, demographics, iconography, chemi- Cuauhtemoc & CEBALLOS Gerardo cal residues, and early texts can be brought to bear in addressing 1, Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, Subdirección de Laboratorios y Apoyo Académico, INAH, Moneda 16, Col. Centro, 06060 México, DF, , [email protected] the emergence of secondary product economies, identifying the 2, Laboratorio de Conservación, Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Circuito Cultural Exterior s/n, origins and intensity of the use of such products remains a major Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF, Mexico, [email protected], gceballo@ challenge. Nevertheless, I attempt to unravel the chronology and ecologia.unam.mx intensity of the use of secondary products in Anatolia, as well as to address the degree to which the development of these economies Jaguar Conservation Efforts: Archaeozoological Contri- was regionally synchronous or characterized by intra-regional va- butions riation. S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, oral The osteological knowledge and depth used by the archaeozoolo- gists while pursuing the study of materials provide important skills ARGANT Thierry that could be used in collaboration with other fields. Furthermore the enhancement of comparative osteological collections gives a Archeodunum, 500 rue J. Récamier, 69970, Chaponnay – France, [email protected] strong support for the identifications. Such collaboration was re- La ronde des animaux. Mise en scène d’animaux domesti- cently assayed between conservation biologists and archaeozoo- logists. In the past 10 years, there has been an increment in the ques dans des tombes du second âge du Fer à Lyon (Rhô- studies focused on the jaguar (Mammalia, Felidae, Panthera onca) ne, France) protection and conservation. Some of the studies require a deep knowledge of jaguar´s food habits since their declination could be La plaine de Vaise, à Lyon (Rhône, France), baignée par les eaux related to increasing consumption of domestic animals, but also de la Saône, est occupée par une importante agglomération du to find their needs in regard to nature preys. A method was utili- second âge du Fer. Un peu à l’écart, au nord de cette plaine, une zed to collect and analyze jaguar´s feces as a mean to understand petite nécropole constituée de quatre tombes sous , datée how they feed; additionally from feces were identified using de la Tène moyenne (IIIe-IIe siècle BC), s’avère originale à plus d’un a collection from recent animals. Jaguar feces from the biological titre. Malgré des états de conservation très variables, ces tumuli protected area Calakmul, Campeche (México) were collected, wei- présentent tous la même organisation. La chambre funéraire est ghted, cleaned, and identified at INAH´s Archaeozoology Lab. As ainsi constituée d’un coffre en bois assemblé par des clous en fer suspected jaguars are opportunistic, feeding on mammals, ranging et contenait, outre le défunt, uniquement quelques pots en céra- from mice to white-lipped peccaries, preferring a small range of mique commune et toute une série d’animaux domestiques, agen- species. Also no domestic animals were represented other than a cés dans l’espace restreint de la tombe (environ 3 m de diamètre). single cattle bone, contray to the views of the Campeche, who be- Les squelettes, à l’origine complets, correspondent à des individus lieved that jaguars were mostly feeding on their cattle. As a result mâles appartenant à la triade domestique (bœuf, porc, mouton & chèvre) associée au chien et au cheval (Bos taurus, Sus domesticus, from the collaborative work, best conservation practices could be Ovis aries, Capra hircus, Canis familliaris et caballus). Ce spec- proposed. S2-6, Influencing, supporting and maintaining our profession: tre faunique est caractéristique des sites laténiens régionaux, sym- past, present and future, poster bolise probablement ici la richesse de cette population ségusiave et représente peut-être un viatique pour le défunt. Il constitue, par 1 ailleurs, un ensemble de référence régional pour la description du ARROYO-CABRALES Joaquín , format des animaux domestiques de cette période. JOHNSON Eileen2 & POLACO Oscar J.1 S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster 1, Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, Subdirección de Laboratorios y Apoyo Académico, INAH, Moneda # 16, Col. Centro, 06060 México, DF, MÉXICO. [email protected] ARNDT Ursula M.1,2, McMILLIAN Alan D.2, 2, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3191, USA. [email protected]. 2 1,2 McKECHNIE Iain & YANG, Dongya Y. Quaternary Mammals and Climate Change: a view from 1, Ancient DNA Laboratory, 2 Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 southern North America University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada. [email protected] During the Pleistocene, the mammalian fauna from México is more Ancient DNA Analysis of Northeast Pacific Humpback diverse and includes both extinct and extant taxa, some of the Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) off the West Coast of latter being wider ranging than today. The presence of mammals Canada: Implications for Archaeology and Conservation weighing more than one ton during the Americas Pleistocene and Biology their absence at present has been evoked as an example of either migration or extinction processes due to climate change. Many Archaeological research can potentially produce important in- smaller taxa also serve as examples of those processes. Such ani- sights on the natural history of ancient faunal species, and their mals include complete orders like Notoungulata and Liptoterna, as interactions with humans and environments. Such data can reveal well as families, genera, and species. Among the latter are extinct genetic diversity changes over time that can be invaluable to mod- taxa (e.g., Mammutidae and Gomphotheriidae within Probosci- ern conservation and resource management. In this study, ancient dea; Smilodon, Glossotherium, and Neotoma magnodonta among

88 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 others), and extant but extirpated taxa (e.g., Elephantidae, Came- open environment to the optimum of the last interglacial (MIS 5e). lidae, Equidae, and Neotoma floridana). The present distribution of Four undisturbed Middle Palaeolithic levels have been found at the some mammals may be due to their movement during glacial ti- base of the tufa sequence and within the upper part of the under- mes, with vestigial or relict distribution in the same area where mo- lying silts. They have been excavated over several hundred square vement occurred, e.g., Sorex milleri and Lepus flavigularis. Changes meters, involving large animals and lithic assemblages. The large in biodiversity and range appear greater in temperate than tropical remains consists only with forms of temperate climate areas, with a southward shift. Such changes are noted, for example, and environment dominated by forest, but still including grassland with Felidae and Ursidae. Extinction and extirpation, and body size patches. The Red Deer is the best represented species, followed by shifts, may be due to depletion or extinction of large herbivores, the Fallow Deer and the Aurochs. The anatomical representation, diminishing nutritional quality of plants, as well as possible com- the characterization of ages at death, the numerous anthropic petition by humans for food resources. The causes may be different actions on bones (cut-marks, breakage of long bones) and spatial for each species, but primarily related to climate and ecosystem distribution (with areas of combustion) deliver very detailed infor- change. mation about the procedures used for the acquisition and the pro- S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral cessing of these animals by . The flint stone is characterized by the production of unretouched flakes for butchery ASHBY Steven P.1, von HOLSTEIN Isabella1, operations. The various occupations characterize Caours as a but- 1 2 chery site in an intermediate position between kill sites and longer van DOORN Nienke , BUCKLEY , occupations, related to short halts in the context of a dynamic pro- MEIRI Meirav3, BARNES Ian3 & cess of management resources within the territory covered by the COLLINS Matthew J.1 Neanderthals. This site is an exceptional case of recurrent human occupation during the Eemian in the North-West Europe. Departments of 1, Archaeology and 2, Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5YW, UK 3, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World 0EX, UK. [email protected] during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral

Non-destructive species identification: a case study on AVERY Graham1,2 bone and antler combs 1. Iziko South African Museum, PO Box 61 8000, South Africa. [email protected] 2. Archaeology Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag Rondebosch 7700, South Scientific analysis of artefacts from archaeological sites is often lim- Africa ited by the need for destructive sampling. Further, combining sev- eral scientific techniques typically requires multiple samples. The Holocene avian remains, human behaviour and seasona- development of non-destructive or minimally destructive meth- lity on the South African coast ods, which can be combined with others on the same samples, is needed. Bird bones, particularly of seabirds are common in South African Zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry (ZooMS) is a method of coastal archaeological samples. Results from three important Later identifying the species of a collagen-containing tissue (e.g. bone, sites, Eland’s Bay Cave, Die Kelders Cave 1 and Nelson antler, eggshell). Collagen is extracted, purified and analysed Bay Cave, from different coastal zones are discussed. A range of by mass spectrometry: the presence and/or absence of specific Southern Ocean and local offshore-island species were utilized as marker proteins allows identification of the species by comparison food and raw material. Bird tools, ornaments and symbolic objects to previously analysed specimens. A new method has been devel- on which designs similar to the entoptics of were engraved oped in which collagen proteins are extracted in a mild buffer solu- are described. tion without demineralising the sample, leaving it intact for future Comparison with long-term monthly surveys for beached birds analyses. demonstrates that most birds, which included Laridae, Sulidae, Here we describe the combined application of ZooMS and DNA Phalacrocoracidae, Spheniscidae, Diomedeidae and Procellariidae, analysis of an assemblage of bone and antler comb fragments from were acquired as beached carcasses, requiring no technological and Viking Age Scotland. These combs have been charac- ability, and that this took place seasonally during peaks of colonial terised typologically. The presence or absence of reindeer material breeding, high winds and after storms. Fresh water and terrestrial (not native to Scotland but abundant in Scandinavia at this time) species were taken. Ground-dwelling Phasianidae and non-food is important to dating contact between the two areas. We report species that breed on ledges in and above account for most the results of ZooMS analyses and of subsequent DNA extraction terrestrial forms. Ostrich eggs were used as containers and for raw on the same samples, and discuss the archaeological implications material for making. of these results. S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, oral S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral AYRES William 1 AUGUSTE Patrick , LOCHT Jean- University of Oregon, 1218 Department of Anthropology, Eugene, OR 97403 USA, wsayres@ Luc2, ANTOINE Pierre3 & LIMONDIN- uoregon.edu 3 LOZOUET Nicole The status of chicken as a prehistoric dietary component, 1, UMR 8157 CNRS, Laboratoire Géosystèmes, Université de Lille 1, Bât. SN5, F-59655 Villeneuve Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Polynesia d’Ascq Cedex, FRANCE. [email protected] 2, Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives (INRAP), 517 rue -Fuscien, F- 80000 Amiens, FRANCE. [email protected] The domesticated chicken (Gallus gallus) has a broad distribution 3, UMR 8591 CNRS, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique, 1 place A. Briand, F-92195 Meudon throughout the world as an important food item. In few places, Cedex, FRANCE. [email protected], [email protected] however, did the chicken have the pre-modern significance that it had on Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Polynesia. Several factors influen- The management of landscape and resources by Nean- cing this are examined here, and the dietary status of chicken in derthals during the Eemian interglacial in North-West the subsistence mix for the island is considered in light of faunal Europe: the Middle Palaeolithic Butchery site of Caours remains, including those of rats, fish, and other marine life. As well, (Abbeville, Somme, France) detailed analysis of constituent skeletal parts from a sample range of archaeological sites offers ideas about how chickens were pro- At Caours, a tufa sequence dated at ca. 123 ka BP, overlies the allu- cessed as a food item. The non-chicken bird fauna is reviewed, not vial sequence of the very low . This tufa deposits have pro- only because of its significance for documenting extirpated spe- vided rich land snail assemblages showing the evolution from an cies, but also because a significant aspect of the use of the avian

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 89 fauna on the island was the extraction of limb bones as raw ma- animal domesticates arrived relatively late on the Korean Peninsula terial for manufacturing a variety of tools, especially needles and from China. awls. The problem of obtaining well-dated, representative samples S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, of faunal material for the island represents a limitation for assessing Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, poster long term change, however, there is support for the hypothesis that reliance on chicken increased in the later prehistoric and early his- BAILON Salvador1, BOURY Loïc2, LORVELEC toric periods on Rapa Nui. 3 4 5 S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, Olivier , PASCAL Michel & TRESSET Anne Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] 2, UMR 7044, Etude des civilisations de l’antiquité. Université de Strasbourg, 5, allée du Général BADENHORST Shaw¹ & DRIVER Jonathan² Rouvillois, 67083 Strasbourg cedex 3, UMR 0985, (INRA/Agrocampus Rennes) Écologie et Santé des Écosystèmes, INRA - Campus de 1, Department of Archaeozoology, Transvaal Museum, PO Box 413, Pretoria, 0001, Republic of Beaulieu , Bâtiment 16 , 35 000 Rennes South Africa, email: [email protected]; 4, UMR 0985, (INRA/Agrocampus Rennes) Écologie et Santé des Écosystèmes, INRA - Campus Research Associate, Institute for , University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag de Beaulieu - Bâtiment 16, 35 000 Rennes 3, Wits, 2050, South Africa 5, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : 2, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada, email: [email protected] Evolution of herpetofaunas in the Iroise Islands during Investigating social differentiation at the Great House the last 4000 years: an outcome of territorial fragmenta- Community of Albert Porter Pueblo in the Four Corners tion and ecosystem anthropization? region of the American Southwest Excavations carried out on the Iroise Islands (Ushant Island and The San Juan Basin of the American Southwest is known for the Molène archipelago) have uncovered large numbers of herpe- massive architectural features, called great houses, built and occu- tofauna remains dated between the late Neolithic and the Iron pied between AD 900 and 1300 (Pueblo II-III). Great Houses were Age. They document the evolution of the biodiversity supported constructed within or close to already existing villages. The func- by this territory during its fragmentation consecutive to the flan- tion of these architectural features remains a topic of debate, with drian transgression, which began with the Holocene and led to the interpretations ranging from residences for elites, to store rooms, current coastlines at the beginning of the Christian Era. It seems to quarters for guests during ceremonies. We studied the archaeo- likely that the animals died in situ and we can thus consider that fauna from one great house community - Albert Porter Pueblo. The species recorded at the different sites represent a part of (?) local site was occupied between AD 1020-1280, and the great house herpetofaunas. Remains have revealed the presence of several is surrounded by residential structures. We tested the hypothesis taxa that have nowadays totally disappeared from these islands: that if there were significant social differences between the inha- Lacerta bilineata (Western green lizard), Natrix natrix (grass snake), bitants of the Great House and the surrounding residences, this and a member of the Vipera genus. Two other taxa, Anguis fragi- should be apparent in various aspects of diet. We therefore inves- lis (slow worm) and Bufo bufo (common toad) seem to have been tigated whether: 1) the great house was provisioned with meat, 2) more widespread than nowadays. Biodiversity supported today is the great house was a focal point of rituals involving animals and much poorer: it includes two taxa from the original herpetofauna: their by-products, and 3) feasting occurred at the great house. We Bufo bufo and Anguis fragilis. Nearly all the islands harbour a taxon conclude that although Great Houses are unique and conspicuous absent from the archaeological record: Podarcis muralis (common architectural features, at Albert Porter Pueblo the from the wall lizard), which may have been accidentally introduced on the Great Houses cannot be distinguished from surrounding residenti- islands in more recent times. It can be hypothesised that this biodi- al roomblocks. If elites were living in the Great House, their diet and versity reduction results from both the destruction of habitats and usage of animals for rituals were similar to that of other people in territorial fragmentation induced by the flandrian transgression on the community. Similar faunal studies in the Four Corners reached the one hand and the general anthropization of local ecosystems a similar conclusion. S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: bringing on the other hand. methodology to bear on social questions, oral S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster

BAE Christopher1 & JIN Jennie2 Baker Karis & Hoelzel Alan Rus 1, Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 2424 Maile Way, Saunders Hall Durham University South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK [email protected] 346 Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, cjbae@.edu 2, Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command, Central Identification Lab (JPAC-CIL), 310 Worchester Avenue, Hickam AFB, HI 96853, USA, [email protected] The impact of over hunting and re-introduction on the population genetic structure of british roe deer The origins of animal domestication in prehistoric Korea British roe deer populations underwent severe declines (bottlenec- The nature of the food transition from hunting and gathering to full king) during the late medieval period as a result of overhunting scale rice agriculture that accompanied the Neolithic- and deforestation. Declines were considered so intense that by the transition in Korea receives a great deal of attention in the archaeo- 18th century roe were believed extinct in most parts of the country. logical literature. However, the origin of animal domestication in Today, the roe deer has fully recovered and is now common and wi- prehistoric Korea is a poorly understood topic that has traditionally despread. This success can be attributed to re-introduction and the received little attention. In this paper, we review what is currently expansion of remnant populations that survived the bottleneck. known about the nature of animal domestication in Korea. Preli- This study used genetic information to analyse both ancient and minary results suggest that, like in the case of plant domesticates, modern populations to assess the impact of the decline on this Korea should be considered a secondary region to which animal species. Furthermore, detailed genetic information from modern domesticates arrived from China. Recent mitochondrial DNA stu- populations provided insight into the origins of modern day po- dies of Korean wild boar (Sus scrofa coreanus) and domestic pigs pulations. appear to support this scenario, with domestic pigs in Korea more Analysis of a 406 base pair region of the mtDNA d loop was carried closely related to Chinese pigs than to Korean wild boars. As with out on pre-bottleneck (ancient, Neolithic to early medieval) and the origin of plant domesticates in Korea, the process involved with post-bottleneck (modern, 2007-2009) samples of British roe deer. In animal domesticates should probably be seen as a slow transition addition 18 microsatellites were genotyped in modern populations that began during the Neolithic and took full hold during the Neo- to assess population structuring. lithic-Bronze Age transition. We explore reasons why plant and The data has so far shown that modern roe deer populations show

90 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 lower levels of mtDNA genetic variability when compared to levels with special attention paid to mammal remains associated to ar- in ancient populations. This result is consistent with the period of chaeological sites (from Palaeolithic to Middle Ages). Following the over hunting. Microsatellite results indicate that roe deer popu- evolution of the Archaeozoology in Moldova, the development of lations exhibit substantial structuring across the UK. Population this in the last decades, we can remark efforts to increase the inter- structuring appears concordant with the evidence of decline and national interactions and to renew the scientific issues. re-introductions from historical documentation. S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, oral S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral BALY Isabelle1, CALLOU Cécile1, BĂLĂŞESCU Adrian GARGOMINY Olivier2 & RIEB Elodie2 National History Museum of , National Center of Pluridisciplinary Research, 12 Calea 1, CNRS/MNHN, 55 rue Buffon, CP 55, 75005 PARIS, France, [email protected], [email protected] Victoriei, 30026 Bucharest, Romania, [email protected] 2, MNHN, 36 rue Geoffroy St Hilaire, CP 41, 75005 PARIS, France, [email protected], [email protected]

Camels in Romania Reuniting the past and the present: the National Inven- tory of Natural Heritage website The only discoveries of camels made until 2 years ago have been made in Dobrogea (South-Eastern Romania) in archaeological le- The National Inventory of Natural Heritage (Inventaire National du vels dated as belonging to middle ages at Dinogetia, the 9th – 12th Patrimoine Naturel) website provides on-line information on the century – one phalanx 1 and at Noviodunum, 10th -14th century – natural heritage of France – plant species, animal species, natu- one metapodial remain. Rescue excavations at Agighiol in 2008 ral habitats and geology – and its development. It draws on data made possible the discovery of an archaeological complex from available at the French National Museum of Natural History (Mu- the 17th century, where more than 186 osteological remains had séum National d’Histoire Naturelle – MNHN) and its network of par- been found, among which 83,3% belong to Camelus sp., the rest tner organisations in the domaine of French natural heritage. to Bos taurus (13,4%) and Equus caballus (3,2%). The repartition on It synthesizes data from around one hundred databases, produced anatomical elements for Camelus sp. shows a predominance of the as part of national or European programmes. It makes available axial (vertebras and ribs – 49%) and cranial skeleton (31%). The mi- data from inventories, from conservation, and on protected and nimum number of invidious shows that these remains belong to controlled species. It offers filtering by territorial unit as well as at least 6 invidious, all being adults. The precise determination of downloads of frames of reference, maps of dispersion and geogra- the camel species (Camelus bactrianus or Camelus dromedarius) is phical information. still in study. This discovery, unique in its way, shows that in the late The uniqueness of this facility lies in the fact that it combines mo- middle ages this taxon was present in the domestic spectrum of the dern and archaeological data on a single website, and allows these human communities in Dobrogea if we take into consideration the data to be displayed on a single map. This makes it possible to fol- quantity of the fauna material. The historical writings show that the low the diachronic evolution of each species, animal or vegetable, species was well known in Dobrogea area, especially in the mid- from the Palaeolithic until today. dle ages period, its origin being the North-Eastern Black Sea region We will demonstrate the range of possibilities offered by this tool from where it reached Romania’s territory due to caravans which through a number of examples. connected the orient with Central Europe. S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: S1-3, Old World Camelids, oral new approaches to communication and collaboration, oral

BĂLĂŞESCU Adrian1, Bejenaru Luminita2 BANGSGAARD Pernille 1 & Radu Valentin Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, Copenhagen University, Snorresgade 17- 19, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. [email protected] 1. National History Museum of Romania, National Center of Pluridisciplinary Research, 12 Calea Victoriei, 30026 Bucharest, Romania, [email protected] 2. “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I, 20 A, 700505 – Iasi, A Ritual Cow or Just another Goat? A study of ritual depo- Romania, [email protected] sits of fauna at Pangrave cemeteries

Archaeozoology in Romania and Republic of Moldova Many interpretations of the Nubian faunal material culture can be found in the literature today. This relates both to the daily consump- In Romania, Archaeozoology has a tradition of over 60 years, the tion of animals as well as the symbolic and ritualised use of fauna first publication in the field being considered, that which appeared in a burial context. However, due to the excavation history of the in 1946, in a monograph consecrated to a site (Cucu- area much of this research is based on other sources that the actual teni Culture). Since then, the Romanian Archaeozoology began the excavated faunal material. adventure, and it has today over 600 scientific articles. Prehistoric In 1961-64 The Scandinavian Joint Expedition to Sudanese Nubia, period is best represented in the archaeozoological studies. Under working under the auspices of UNESCO, excavated numerous sites represented, from this point of view, are the Mesolithic and Paleo- in Northern Sudan along a 55 kilometre stretch of the Nile. The lar- lithic. Protohistory (Hallstat and La Tène) is relatively well repre- ge collection of faunal material from this expedition has not been sented, but with a higher share for the La Tène period; the studies studied in the intervening years. concerning the Geto-Dacians abound, considering that the interest In this paper I will attempt an interpretation of the faunal material shown by the communist state for that period. Archaeozoological culture, as it can be studied in a burial context. This context will be literature for other periods (Roman, post-Roman and Middle Ages) exemplified by the Pangrave cemetery, SJE 47, located in the nor- is relatively modest, due to a lower interest in relation with the inte- thern part of the SJE concession area. The most significant charac- gration of the fauna remains in the archaeological studies. The main teristic of the material are the large numbers of cut and painted promoter of the Romanian archaeozoological research was the Fa- sculls from goat, sheep and cattle that were deposited in circular culty of Biology, in “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, the only ditches around the graves. institution that allowed the academic formation of the specialists. An analysis of these faunal remains, their treatment and subse- Although there was an improvement of this discipline after 90s, the quent depositing will be attempted here. The aim is to position the actual number of the Romanian specialists in Archaeozoology is faunal material in a wider context of ritually staged production and still low, given the fact that, in Romania, over 250 excavations are cultural consumption within the Pangrave culture, as it can be stu- annual proceeded. Archaeozoology has also a tradition in Republic died in a burial context. of Moldova, the research covering both Pleistocene and Holocene fauna. The issues have been embedded in the biological sciences, S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 91 BARNETT Ross1, CUCCHI Thomas2,3, the northern Levant. Here we focus on a single deposit of densely 3 4 packed gazelle bones from the late fourth millennium at Tell Kuran, DOBNEY Keith , MARTINKOVA Natalia & located at the Khabur Basin, north-eastern Syria. It comprises solely SEARLE Jeremy5 of Persian gazelle bones (NISP>3500; MNI>100), most of which are 1, Archaeology Department, Durham University, UK, [email protected] lower foot bones. Signs of butchery marks and ravaging on bo- 2, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : nes are plentiful. The predominance of low utility carcass units with sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. butchery marks, coupled with low rate of bone fragmentation and 3, Archaeology Department, University of Aberdeen, UK 4, Department of population Biology, Charles University, the absence of burnt bones, indicate that the assemblage repre- 5, Biology Department, York University, UK sent a primary butchery deposit. The demographic profile of the hunted population contains adequate representation of male and Origin dispersal and evolution of the lonely Orkney vole female from all age classes. It also comprises of several unworn dP4 (Microtus arvalis orcadensis) of neonatal individuals. Such a catastrophic profile indicates that an entire gazelle herd was slaughtered in a single killing episode. It The endemic form of the common vole, present in the Orkney archi- also entails that killing occurred in the summer. It can be suggested pelago, UK, remains one of the greatest biographic puzzles of Eu- that the gazelle hunting involved the use of dogs. Such a scena- . Its peculiar distribution has previously been explained either rio accords with the presence of numerous ‘desert kite’ game traps as a relict of a more widespread distribution of a cosmopolitan within a short distance from the site, as well as with historical evi- form, or by a human mediated translocation. The aim of the Orkney dence that manifests the use of such traps for communal hunting vole project was to readdress the question of its origin, dispersal until recent times. and evolution using the combined approaches of molar shape and S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster mtDNA analyses on a large dataset of both modern and ancient samples, integrated with the extensive archaeological record from Orkney. To date no voles from Mesolithic context in Orkney have BARTOSIEWICZ László been found – not surprising since only one clear pre-Neolithic site Lorand Eotvos University, Muzeum korut 4/B, 1088, Budapest, , [email protected] has so far been identified in the archipelago. The new set of AMS da- tes we have generated on archaeological voles from Neolithic and There are many ways to skin a cat: diversity and tradition later occupations in Orkney clearly associate the earliest occurren- in archaeozoology ce of voles with the early Neolithic occupation of the archipelago, strongly suggesting that both events are closely correlated. Results Following the fall of the “Iron Curtain” there were many studies and show the unique genetic and phenotypic diversity of Orkney voles, speculations concerning differences between the archaeologies of which so far have prevented any straightforward interpretation of “East” and “West”. This robust political categorization, however, tur- the phylogeographic pattern obtained from mtDNA. Nonetheless ned to be superficial in many ways: underlying differences in wor- a geographic origin from south-eastern and central European re- king languages, basic training, as well as financial considerations fugee populations can be discarded and a likely source in North- seem to have had at least as much influence on archaeology as Western Europe postulated. ruling ideologies. It has been hypothesized that the same diversity S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, oral is characteristic of archaeozoology an interdisciplinary field that, ever since represented by ICAZ, has had a long tradition of recon- BARNETT Ross1, YAMAGUCHI Nobuyuki2, ciling and balancing differences between scholars working in dif- 3 4 ferent styles that developed in various regions of the world. While SHAPIRO Beth & SABIN Richard this issue would be complex enough in Europe, with the welcome 1, Archaeology Department, University of Durham, UK, [email protected] globalization of ICAZ – most visibly represented by increasing par- 2, Biology Department, University of Qatar, Qatar 3, Biology Department, Penn State University, Pennsylvania, USA ticipation from the Americas – regional strengths and weaknes- 4, Natural History Museum, London, UK ses across the world are becoming apparent. Trying to overcome concomitant financial difficulties and sometimes disturbing politi- The origin of the Tower of London lions: an aDNA ap- cal circumstances has become a challenge for the organization, de- proach voted to helping communication in the international community of archaeozoologists. These issues of tradition and diversity will be The Royal Menagerie of England was established at the Tower of discussed on the basis of ICAZ International Conferences, working London in the 13th Century and served as a of exotic animals group activity and the structure of membership. until it was closed on behalf of the Duke of Wellington in 1835. Two S2-6, Influencing, supporting and maintaining our profession: well-preserved lion skulls recovered from the moat of the Tower of past, present and future, oral London were recently radiocarbon-dated to AD 1280-1385 and AD 1420-1480, making them the earliest confirmed lion remains in the BARTOSIEWICZ László British Isles since the extinction of the Pleistocene cave lion. Using Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Loránd Eötvös University, Múzeum Krt. 4/B, 1088 ancient DNA techniques we identify the source of these English Budapest, Hungary. [email protected] lions as North Africa, home of the celebrated Barbary subspecies, which is now extinct. The application of this methodology to other lion remains is also discussed. Who is who’s handmaiden? Historicism, archaeology and S10-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster archaeozoology in Hungary

BAR-OZ Guy1 & ZEDER Melinda A.2 Archaeology has often been referred to in Hungary as the “hand- maiden” of the scholarly field of history. A late 19th century his- 1, Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel, guybar@research. toricist paradigm has permeated much of archaeology in Central haifa.ac.il 2, Archaeobiology Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Europe. Evolutionary theory and its effect on classical Marxist social Washington, DC 20560, USA, [email protected] theory became well established in Hungarian archaeology by the early 20th century. They served, however, a reconstruction of his- Hunting pattern of Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) tory. In this setup, the analysis of animal remains has been usually in the northern Levant: a view from the late fourth millen- delegated to natural sciences, considered auxiliary to traditional nium level at Tell Kuran, north-east Syria archaeological inquiry. The feedback by specialists was often not considered, as indeed, paleontologist and veterinarians tended to We present results of our ongoing research on the exploitation evaluate archaeozoological finds from their own professional pers- and hunting patterns of Persian gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) in pectives neglecting questions of culture-historical interest. This

92 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 trend was, to some extent, driven by caution: responsible natura- at the beginning of Holocene by traces of reindeer and polar bear lists often refrained from drawing simplistic conclusions, and when utilization (i.e., Zhokhovskaya). Neolithic site faunas vary in species they sometimes did, they usually failed. This situation is summed up composition according to geographical location. The bones of do- in the traditionally Central-Eastern European term archaeozoology, mestic animals are found in these sites, and they predominate in a form of applied science in the service of archaeology. Recently, later historic cultures. Archaeozoological research in Russia and however, a new generation of archaeologists has expressed inte- Belarus thus contributes to understanding the human colonization rest in animal bones; therefore the profession is represented by an of Northern Eurasia and human-environmental relationships in va- admixture of archaeozoologists and zoologists in Hungary. While rious settings. sharing a basic training in animal bone identification, these experts S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, oral of varying backgrounds often have skills that are complementary between the two groups. Convergence between the two attitudes BARYSHNIKOV Gennady to the analysis of animal bones has a beneficial effect on the posi- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, @zin.ru tion of our field that can thus develop a more equal partnership with archaeology. Analysis of bone assemblages from the S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, oral site of Akhstyrskaya Cave in the Caucasus (Russia) 1,2 Bar-Yosef Mayer Daniella E. Akhstyrskaya Cave is situated in the northwestern part of the 1, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69778, Israel. Southern Caucasus near the city of Sochi. As an archeological site, 2, Institute of Maritime Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel. [email protected] it has been subject to repeated excavation. The area exposed by S. Kulakov (1996, 1999, 2001, 2005, 2007-2008) comprises 9 lithologi- Technological changes in shell bead production in the cal layers. The lowermost Layers 7-9 contain little archeological and Levant palaeozoological material. Layers 3-6 are assigned to the Middle Paleolithic, and the lower portion of Layer 2 contains Upper Paleo- The main techniques used for producing shell beads were esta- lithic industries. The uppermost sediments date to the Holocene. blished in several studies, based both on observation and experi- remains of kudarensis predominate in Layers mentation. The techniques include gouging, grinding, hammering, 2-6. Their proportion of the assemblage is roughly 98%. The bones incising, drilling, the use of natural perforations, or any combina- are heavily weathered in Layers 5-6 but better preserved in upper tion of these techniques. A temporal study shows the evolution Layer 2. Although long bones are fragmented, many vertebrae and of these techniques and the connection between the way shells smaller distal limb bones are intact. All skeletal parts are represen- were perceived, and the way they were exploited through time. ted, suggesting that the died inside the cave. Many teeth are The earliest shell beads, dating to the Middle Palaeolithic were na- heavily worn. Sexual composition is heavily skewed towards males. turally perforated ones. Next, small gastropod shell were gouged Several bones exhibit traces of gnawing, but no signs of human or scratched, probably with a flint tool. During Upper Palaeolithic utilization were observed. Kudaro cave bears probably died in the we encounter the first evidence for incisions with flint blades, but cave primarily during overwintering. Other taxa are scarce, compri- this is uncommon probably because it rapidly wastes the blades. sing Canis lupus, Panthera pardus, Capreolus capreolus, Cervus ela- During the Late of the Levant (13-11.5ka cal BP) phus, Alces alces, Bison priscus, Ovis orientalis, and Capra caucasica. shells disk beads are produced for the first time. This required a Their bones also lack diagnostic evidence of human activity. Akhs- combination of methods including cutting of blanks, drilling the tyrskaya Cave most probably was not a human hunting camp, but hole, and grinding the perimeter, or filing it in a grooved stone. The was occupied by Pleistocene hominids for other purposes. Neolithic periods see an intensification of drilling and grinding and S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, poster the grinding could have been practiced on the same tools that were used for grinding of cereals and other foods. The Battillo Jenna emergence of metal tools allow slightly more accurate results, and Washington State University, 1610 NE Wheatland Dr. Apt. 20, 99163, Pullman, , the production of other artifacts made of shells, however, the basic [email protected] for making shell beads do not change. S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - Preservation and degradation of tool marks in burnt bone Acquisition and use of shell raw materials in prehistory, oral An experiment was conducted to examine preservation of a small BARYSHNIKOV Gennady variety of tool marks in bone burned to varying degrees. Twenty- four specimens from six Sus scrofa forelimbs were cut using three Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 , Russia. [email protected] distinct saw types and a for defleshing. Specimens were wei- Archaeozoology in Russia and Belarus ghed, photographed micro and macroscopically, and tool marks were analyzed before and after burning. Six specimens were bur- The oldest traces of hominids in Russia are confined to the Nor- ned in an outdoor fire (277- 770°C); the other 18 were cremated in thern Caucasus (Bogatyri/Sinia Balka) and may be associated with a kiln at 600, 800, or 1000°C. Preservation of saw marks was scored Early Pleistocene fauna. In Middle Pleistocene sites, faunal remains on a scale of 1 to 3 (3 being least preserved) using photographic probably accumulated as a result of processes other than homi- comparison. nid activity (Treugolnaya Cave). sites in the Northern As hypothesized, higher temperature correlated to greater degra- Caucasus, Eastern Europe, and Eastern contain bone assem- dation. Unexpectedly, however, the degree of preservation was blages that reflect modification by (e.g., Barakaevskaya notably inconsistent regarding burn temperature and saw type, Cave, ) or diagnostic cut marks suggesting human though the preservation did exhibit certain trends. It was deter- hunting and utilization of large mammals (e.g., Mezmayskaya Cave, mined that, in general, the tool marks did progressively diminish Ust’-Karakol). Prior to the Last Glacial Maximum, modern humans as the burning temperature increased. However, the retention of spread northwards into Belarus (Yurovichi, Berdyzh), the central saw and cut marks was adequate for some degree of accurate and and NE regions of European Russia (Kostenki, Sungir, Byzovaya), useful analysis even at temperatures as high as 1000°C. In several and Northeastern Siberia (Yana RHS). These sites, as well as those of cases tool marks were rendered more visible after burning due to the late (e.g., Yudinovo, Zaraisk, in European Rus- the elimination of soft tissue and possibly a combination of shrin- sia, Lugovskoe, Shestakovo, Berelekh in Siberia), are associated with kage, carbonization and calcination intensifying as opposed to mammoth bones and yield evidence of the butchering of horse, diminishing certain features, in other cases tool marks were com- bison, and reindeer. The domestication of dogs is documented at pletely eradicated. Eliseevichi. A human presence in the Siberian Arctic is represented S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 93 BAUDRY Anna1, DUPONT Catherine2, BECKER Cornelia DREANO Yvon3, TRESSET Anne4, BAILON [email protected] 5 6 Salvador & DAIRE Marie-Yvane The meaning of “smoothing” implements from the Le-

1, INRAP, UMR 6566 « CReAAH », Base Archéologique de Poitiers, 122 rue de la Bugellerie, 86000 vantine PPNB – still a matter of debate Poitiers, France, [email protected] 2, UMR 6566 CNRS CReAAH « Centre de Recherche en Archéologie Archéosciences Histoire » Basta, one of the large PPNB-sites in the Southern Levant/Jordan, CNRS, 35042 Rennes, France, [email protected] has yielded a total of 586 worked bones, mostly points, needles, 3, CRAVO « Centre de Recherche Archéologique de la Vallée de l’Oise », 21 rue des Cordeliers, ornamental accessoires and flat “smoothing” utensils. The latter 60200 Compiègne ; chercheur associé UMR 6130, CEPAM-CNRS, France, [email protected]. comprise a variety of types as far as the raw material, the kind of 4, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected]. processing and the use wear are concerned. It is discussed whether 5, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, the availability of particular skeletal material, manufacturing tradi- pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] tions and/or purely technical aspects dictated choice and proces- 6, UMR 6566 CNRS CReAAH « Centre de Recherche en Archéologie Archéosciences Histoire » sing. Another question touches their particular function: From their CNRS, 35042 Rennes, France, [email protected]. dating (7500-6700 calBC) the utilization in ceramic production can be excluded. Bringing them into context with special archaeologi- Exploitation of food coastal resources and insular envi- cal features at Basta such as the plastering of walls, other interpre- ronmental setting in Western France during the Iron Age. tations become plausible. The example of the site of “Port-Blanc” (Hoedic Island, S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral Morbihan, France) Beglane Fiona Many islands of Brittany have been settled during the Iron Age Institute of , SligoAsh Lane, Sligo, IRELAND. [email protected] because of their strategic geographic position and a privileged access to key resources. The Port Blanc site, located on Hoedic Is- The hunt for status: deer in later medieval ireland land provides a good example of the interaction between lands- cape, food resources (mammals, birds, fishes, shells, crustaceans, During the later medieval period in Ireland the Anglo-Norman and sea mammals) and population evolution. With its high degree of Gaelic cultures both saw deer hunting as an integral part of their preservation of faunal remains, it represents an ideal framework culture, but approached it in different ways. Red and fallow deer to study the behaviour of island populations faced with the were present in Ireland in the later medieval period, with the latter problems of acquisition and management of meat diet. Faunal having been introduced by the Anglo-Normans. remains also provide very important data on the palaobiogeo- Zooarchaeological and documentary evidence demonstrates that graphy of different insular vertebrate taxa (micromammals, am- there were regional, cultural and chronological differences in deer phibians and reptiles) and more generally on the environmental hunting, which are discussed in this paper. The paper then places setting. these results in context by examining how deer were used in later medieval Ireland to create and maintain identity and as a form of The objective of this poster is to show how the various archaeo- social and cultural expression, particularly as an expression of sta- zoological approaches carried out at the Port-Blanc can contri- tus and ethnicity. The paper is based on on-going PhD research bute answering questions such as contacts between people which is using an interdisciplinary approach incorporating zooar- and interactions with the landscape through the study of meat chaeological as well as art-historical, artefactual, documentary, lite- consumption, food storage and seasonality of site occupations. rary and landscape evidence. This objective is accessible thanks to suitable methods of collec- tion (meticulous hand collecting, water sieving, bioarchaeological S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral remain sorting) applied to archaeozoological remains of different sizes and taxonomic categories during the excavations. The rich- BEGLANE Fiona ness and diversity of animal remains require important methodo- logical development as the setting up of reference collections or Institute of Technology, Ash Lane, Sligo, Ireland, email : [email protected] technical experiments. Spatial patterning in rural Irish Early Medieval settlement S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster sites BÉAREZ Philippe1, LUNNISS Richard2 & Examination of the faunal remains from self-sufficient rural commu- 2 nities in Early Medieval (AD500-1100) Ireland has typically conside- GAY Patrick red chronological changes in the economic and social importance 1. UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : of animals. This paper will seek to address how spatial analysis of sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] the remains can be used to identify patterns of consumption, craft 2. Centro de Investigaciones y Museo de Salango, Salango, Puerto López, Manabí, Ecuador activity and use of social space in Early Medieval rural settlement sites. It will draw on results obtained during analysis of settlement The earliest tuna fisheries from Ecuador: description and sites by the author in recent years. evolution through time Rural settlement sites of all grades of society from early medieval Ireland are typically characterised by a ditched enclosure, often The Ecuadorian coast is known for its marine wealth and especially surrounded by field systems. The circular ringfort is the ubiquitous as an important place for tuna (Thunnus albacares) fishing. In some site type and is known from over 40,000 extant examples in the places of the coast, inhabitants took advantage of the abundance Irish landscape. These contain domestic, industrial and agricultural of great pelagic fishes since remote times. The site of Salango, on evidence and have been interpreted as self-sufficient farmsteads the central coast, is one of these. Amounts of remains of tunas and whose status varies by size and number of enclosing banks and dit- other scombrids have been recovered, dating from the Valdivia le- ches. Cemetery-settlements, which are mainly restricted to north- vels (5 000 BP) to the Manteño period (500 BP). Here we present east Leinster are generally slightly larger and may be non-circular. the results of a detailed analysis of these fish remains and a recons- In addition to domestic, industrial and agricultural evidence these truction of the fishing activity at Salango as well as its evolution also include an area dedicated to human burials. through pre-Hispanic times. S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, oral bringing methodology to bear on social questions, oral

94 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 Bejenaru Luminita1, BĂLĂŞESCU Adrian2 conocer algunos importantes aspectos de la dinámica cultural exis- 3 tente, destacando entre otros materiales, la presencia de más de & Cotiuga Vasile 120 especies de Moluscos provenientes de contextos arqueológi- 1, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Faculty of Biology, Bd. Carol I, 20 A, 700505 – Iasi, cos, ofreciéndonos una aproximación sobre los nichos ecológicos Romania, [email protected] 2, National History Museum of Romania, National Center of Pluridisciplinary Research, 12 Calea explotados y sobre las técnicas utilizadas en la captura de los mo- Victoriei, 30026 Bucharest, Romania, [email protected] luscos, lo mismo que sobre los principales materiales y productos 3, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Faculty of History, Bd. Carol I, 11, 700506 – Iasi, procesados. La presencia de otros materiales arqueológicos tanto Romania, [email protected] locales como foráneos, permitió conocer la existencia de intercam- Man and cervids in the Neolithic of Romania bios mercantiles con alejadas regiones continentales, ya que los géneros preciosos de concha y caracol presentes en las bahías, es- This study concerns relationships between peoples and cervids as pecialmente Spondylus, Strombus, Múrex y las madreperlas, tuvieron reflected by archaeozoological analyses for the Neolithic period una gran demanda en el mundo precolombino. Durante la época in Romania. A summary of previous and recent studies in the area prehispánica las bahías de Manzanillo Banderas funcionaron como shows variation in human-cervid interactions. centros de buceo, acopio, procesamiento y distribución de diversos Cervid remains of the Neolithic Period in all regions of the country productos marinos, especialmente conchas y caracoles, participan- are described in terms of their frequencies and hunting manage- do activamente en la milenaria tradición de explotación marina del ment, of the morphology and size, and also in terms of biogeogra- Pacífico tropical americano. phy (distribution, population dynamics). S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster The species discussed are red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Ca- preolus capreolus), fallow deer (Cervus dama) and elk (Alces alces). BENDREY Robin1, BALASSE Marie1, Among the cervids, which have principally used as a source of food, 2 3 but also as raw materials and as body parts in rituals, the reed deer SCHWEISSING Mike , VELLA Dominic , took a principal position. LEPETZ Sébastien1, ZAZZO Antoine1, TURBAT Tsagaan4, GISCARD Pierre-Henri5, S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral ZAITSEVA Ganna6, BOKOVENKO Nikolay6, BELMAKER Miriam CHUGUNOV Konstantin7, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Ave, Cambridge MA 02138 USA, 8 1 [email protected]. SELTMANN Reimar , UGHETTO Joël , DEBUE Karyne1, FRANCFORT Henri-Paul9 & The Southern Levant during the Last Glacial and zooar- VIGNE Jean-Denis1 chaeological evidence for the effects of climatic-forcing 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, on hominin population dynamics pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected], balasse@ mnhn.fr, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2, Staatssammlung für Anthropologie und Paläoanatomie, Karolinenplatz 2a, 80333 Munich, Climate forcing has been suggested as a possible explanation for , [email protected] dispersal/extinction of hominins in the Southern Levant during the 3, Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, UPMC Paris 06, Université Middle Paleolithic (MP). However evidence from fauna has produ- Paris Diderot, CNRS UMR 8550, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France, dv211@cam. ac.uk ced ambiguous results, suggesting that inter-site variation in Last 4, Institute of Archaeology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulan Bator, Glacial faunas reflect spatial differences within the region. Distinc- 5, 6 rue Masseran 75007 Paris, France, [email protected], [email protected] 6, Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dvortsovaya nab., tion between these hypotheses has implications for understanding 18, 191186, St Petersburg, Russia. continuity vs. turnover in hominin taxa during this time period. 7, State Hermitage Museum, Dvortsovaya nab. 36. 191186, St Petersburg, Russia, chugunovk@ This study presents a tiered approach to test the effect of climate mail.ru 8, Natural History Museum, Dept. Mineralogy, CERCAMS, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, change on mammalian communities during the Last Glacial in the UK, [email protected] Levant and presents a model to explain the possible discordance 9, « Archéologie de l’Asie centrale », Maison de l’Archéologie et de l’Ethnologie René Ginouvès, between the proxies. 21 Allée de l’Université, F-92023 Nanterre cedex, France, [email protected] I analyzed the distribution of taxa from micro and macro mammal assemblages in the Levant spanning MIS 6-3 in comparison to null On the trail of the nomads of the Sayan-Altai uplands: models and local paleoclimatic proxies as well as changes in ungu- isotopic analyses of horse tooth enamel from first millen- late paleodietary changes using mesowear analyses. nium BC funerary barrows Results indicate that despite climatic fluctuations, both local mi- cro and macro-mammal communities persist during the Last Gla- The ephemeral nature of pastoral nomadism leaves few traces in cial throughout the Levant and that inter-site differences in faunal the archaeological record with which to study the functioning of composition of MP sites in the Levant do not necessarily reflect an these communities. Although the Iron Age peoples of the Sayan- abrupt regional climate change but are consistent with a spatial en- Altai uplands did not build permanent settlements, they did vironmental mosaic within the Levant. construct kurgans (funerary barrows), which on occasion include These results suggest that although hominin taxa show evidence of depositions of horses. As horse teeth grow, enamel records isotope turnover during the Upper Pleistocene in the Levant, we need to be compositions related to water and food consumed during the pe- more cautious about the role of climate forcing in the process. riod of its mineralization as a continuous record covering several S3-1, Climate change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral years. Carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope compositions provide information on diet, seasonality of the climate, and movements. BELTRAN Jose Carlos This paper discusses results of a project to explore the movements and social connections of these nomadic groups through such iso- Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Centro INAH Nayarit, Sección Arqueología, Lerdo 76 Centro, Tepic Nayarit 63100, México. [email protected] topic analyses of tooth enamel from horse burials excavated from first millennium BC funerary barrows. Sites studied include Arzhan La explotación de la concha en Playa del Tesoro 1 and Arzhan 2 in Tuva, and Tsengel Khairkhan and Baga Turgen Gol in the Mongolian Altai. The isotopic results from these sites contri- Los estudios arqueológicos desarrollados sobre la explotación bute new data on the movement of horses within the landscape, marina en el litoral del Pacífico Mexicano, muestran claramente which deliver new insights into the social and economic lives of la importancia que tuvo la concha en el desarrollo cultural de las these Iron Age nomadic communities. sociedades costeras del occidente de Mesoamérica. Estos trabajos S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: realizados en las bahías de Banderas y Manzanillo, han permitido integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 95 BEOVIDE Laura the biostratinomic study of macromammals inhabiting in Doña- na Biological Reserve (DBR) (Huelva, SW )- which allows to Department of Archeology, National Museum of Anthropology, Uruguay. Avda. de las Instrucciones 948, Montevideo, CP 12900, [email protected] compare pre-depositional characteristics of any anthropological or natural tanathocenosis and taphocenosis. We have observed Shell and the use of molluscs in the Late Middle the accumulation per surface unit and the individual conserva- Holocene in the Rio de la Plata: an Ethnoarchaeological tion in order to characterize bone deposits and to quantify the loss or gain of biological information from it. All these results have contribution shown that paleobiological interpretations need biostratinomical Shell middens have been identified in archaeological sites in the studies to interpret the past, and the present work has presented Uruguayan coast of the Río de la Plata, with ages between ca. 2700 the analyses of an organic deposit in a determined natural eco- and 2300 14C years BP. The middens are composed mainly by system. It remains to be known the differences with other ecosys- shells of the bivalve Erodona mactroides. This species is currently tems located in different latitudes to define a general model to exploited by artisanal fishing, to supply restaurants, by communi- explain the formation of bone deposits. ties who live within 150 km eastwards of the archaeological sites. S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster The artisanal activity produces important shell middens of this species in ecosystems that may be comparable to those proposed BERNÁLDEZ Eloísa1,2, GARCÍA- for the time of archaeological sites occupation in the late middle VIÑAS Esteban1 & GAMERO Miguel1 Holocene. The article exposes the Ethnoarchaeological study of these fishing communities in relation to material products and 1. Laboratorio de Paleobiología. Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, Avda. de los Descubrimientos nº1, 41092 Sevilla (Spain). area involved in the use, consumption and discard of the shells of [email protected]@upo.es Erodona mactroides. Taphonomic observations on the formation 2. Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales. Universidad Pablo de Olavide. Carretera de Utrera Km1, 41013 Sevilla (Spain). of the modern shell middens provide new analytical elements for the interpretation of archaeological ones. It also allows discussing “Cruz del Negro” necropolis: Phoenician’s funerary evi- aspects of the archaeomalacological record that may be associa- ted with strictly non-economic dimensions of past human life. dence in SW of Spain? S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - Shell middens and shells as a food resource, oral The burial area of the “Cruz del Negro” is located in Carmona (Se- ville) in SW Spain. The time of using the necropolis could be more than three hundred years since the end of S. VIII and early S. VII BERGH Sarah B.C. until the first half of the fourth century B.C. 38 structures have Zooarchaeology Laboratory, Georgia Museum of Natural History, University of Georgia, been studied from the faunistical and taphonomical standpoint. Athens, GA 30602 USA, [email protected] We studied 784 bone fragments from five species of ungulates Seasonal Patterns of Resource Use within the St. Cathe- (cows, deer, boars, pigs and goats), a domesticated carnivore (cat), rabbits, small birds and a tortoise. There were found astragalus of rines Island Estuary, Georgia, USA goat between six months and 1.5 years of age as a single tribute at 32% of the studied structures (12 structures). Two of these struc- Seasonal availability of animal resources is often used to model tures have astragalus 116 and 202 each, similar to some burials former subsistence-settlement systems. The assumption is that from Bronze Age Syria and Palestine. This paleobiology study cor- hunter-gatherers move their settlements to focus on specific roborate the character orientalising of this site. resources as they become available or as other resources be- come less available. Temperate estuarine environments are rich S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster in animal resources year-round. This paper uses faunal data from two sites situated within an estuarine marsh system to demons- BERTINI Louise trate that seasonal movement was not necessary for a successful Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3HP, UK. [email protected] hunter-gatherer strategy. The sites are located on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, and were occupied between AD 1000-1500. The Changes in Suid and Caprine Husbandry Practices results suggest that sites were utilized during all seasons of the Throughout Dynastic Using Linear Enamel Hypo- year, people relied heavily on animal taxa available in the estuary plasia in all seasons, and fishing strategies consistently targeted the same variety and size classes of taxa. People, however, may have Studies on linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) have been used as a emphasized certain resource types on a seasonal basis. way to understand the health status and husbandry practices of S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral both ancient and modern animal populations. As there are no data sets that describe the prevalence of LEH in either ancient BERNÁLDEZ Eloísa or modern Egyptian animal material, this paper aims to establish the frequency of LEH in the archaeological remains of pigs, sheep, Laboratorio de Paleobiología. Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, Avda. de los Descubrimientos nº1, 41092 Sevilla, Spain, [email protected] and goats form thirteen different ancient Egyptian sites, and in- vestigate the links between LEH, possible changes in husbandry Biostratinomy applied to the interaction of scavenger practices, geographic as well as site contexts, and compare it to activity in paleoecosystems modern Egyptian pig, sheep, and goat data from similar geogra- phical contexts. There is not scientific guarantee that vertebrate remains pre- Data has been collected from thirteen different sites throughout served in archaeological and paleonthological sites can be a sig- Egypt, which shows that enamel hypoplasia is a very common nificant sample of the paleocommunity to which they belonged, occurrence throughout the domesticated pig, sheep, and goat or were part of human consumption. Also, we do not know the population, and are related not only to key events in the animal’s qualitative and quantitative consequences of pre-depositional life such as weaning, survival of the first and second winter’s, but processes of trophic activity of human population and of any oth- environmental stresses and diachronic changes as well. These fac- er scavengers. As a result, we performed a biostratinomic study tors included the annual flooding of the Nile (which is known to of the carcass association scattered throughout Doñana Biologi- have changed over time as the water levels receded throughout cal Reserve (DBR) to know if there are general patterns that can dynastic history), and management choices (i.e. sites with free- be applied to the taphonomic study of archaeological sites. It has ranging vs. penned animals). been designed a general methodology of study -inferred from S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, oral

96 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 BETTS Matthew W.1, BIGINAGWA J. Thomas Maschner Herbert D. G.2, Department of Archaeology, University of York, The King’s Manor, York YO1 7EP, UK. tj513@york. ac.uk Schou Corey D.3, Schlader Robert4, Holmes Jonathan5 & Clement Nicholas4 Zooarchaeology of the 19th c. Caravan Trade in North- 1, Curator, Atlantic Provinces Archaeology, Archaeology and History Division, Canadian eastern Museum of Civilization, 100 Laurier St. , K1A 0M8, Gatineau, Canada. matthew.betts@ civilization.ca Long distance trade in ivory and slaves expanded in the 19th cen- 2, Department of Anthropology, Idaho State University; Idaho Museum of Natural History; Center for Archaeology, Materials, and Applied Spectroscopy tury across eastern Africa. Large caravans, often numbering over 3, College of Business, Idaho State University 2,000 individuals, were organised at the coast and travelled to the 4, Idaho Virtualization Laboratory, Center for Archaeology, Materials, and Applied Spectroscopy, Idaho State University interior, stopping en route to exchange imported goods such as 5, National Information Assurance Training and Education Center, Idaho State University cotton cloth, beads and brass wire for ivory and slaves. The cara- vans had to be fed and periodically replenish their food stock. In Vzap: an online comparative collection for archaeofau- response, communities along the routes frequently changed their nal research production strategies to produce surpluses for the caravans. Howe- ver, little is known about how animal economies were transformed Osteological comparative collections are a crucial tool in archaeo- as part of this process. faunal analysis, but most reference collections lack a broad range This zooarchaeological study aims to examine this question and of taxa or multiple individuals per taxon. This problem is especially to detect any evidence for subsistence stress generated by the ca- prominent in arctic zooarchaeology, where difficulty in obtaining, ravan trade. Excavations at three caravan halts of Ngombezi, Old transporting, and processing northern taxa creates a situation Korogwe and Kwa Sigi yielded over 30,000 pieces of bones. The where few appropriate comparative collections exist. The Virtual analysis indicates that both domestic and wild animals as well as Zooarchaeology of the Arctic Project, or VZAP, is developing a fish were all being consumed at these sites. The mortality profiles comprehensive virtual reference collection for the skeletons of for cattle and sheep/goat do not suggest any evidence for pressure northern vertebrates. VZAP is designed to assist with identifica- on domestic stock for meat leading to slaughtering of younger tions in the lab or field and provides significant educational va- livestock; NISP data suggest, however, that wild fauna, especially lue, for both classroom demonstration and personal consultation. medium-sized antelopes and rodents made an important dietary The website presents high-resolution 2D images and 3D models contribution. This suggests that communities along the trade rou- of skeletal elements via a revolutionary graphical user interface, tes were able to meet the demands of the caravans by adopting the Dynamic Image Engine, designed to mimic the visual expe- mixed utilization of wild and domestic resources. rience of a real archaeofaunal analysis. VZAP implements unique S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, poster 3D scanning protocols to increase the accuracy and realism of the 3D models, and delivers them on a platform that allows for real- BIGNON Olivier1, BAYLAC Michel2 & time point to point measurements, cross-sections, morphological 2 labels, and anatomical orientations. CORNETTE Raphaël S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: 1, UMR 7041 CNRS – ArScAn, Équipe Ethnologie préhistorique, MAE René Ginouvès, 21 allée de new approaches to communication and collaboration, oral l’Université F-92023 Nanterre, France. [email protected] 2, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle-Département Systématique et évolution, UMR 5205 CNRS – Origine, Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversité, 45 rue Buffon F-75005 Paris, France. 1 2 BETTS Matthew & FRIESEN T. Max [email protected], [email protected] 1, Canadian Museum of Civilization, 100 Laurier St., Gatineau, Canada, K1A 0M8. matthew. [email protected] The regional pattern of horse populations during Late 2, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2S2, CANADA. [email protected] Glacial in Western Europe: new evidences from traditio- nal and geometric morphometrics Archaeofaunal signatures of specialized bowhead wha- ling in the western Canadian Arctic: a regional study During the Late Glacial, at the very end of Pleistocene, some mega- herbivores of the Mammoth Steppe that lived in Europe are going Zooarchaeologists continue to experience difficulty defining the to disappear, such as wooly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) or importance of bowhead (Balaena mysticetus) whaling in Neoeski- woolly rhino (Coelodonta antiquitatis). Some others, otherwise, per- mo coastal deposits. The large size of bowhead bones, combined sisted this crucial transition between this last glacial period and our with their use as structural elements in Neoeskimo architecture current interglacial period, by changing their behavior (in particular creates a suite of taphonomic issues that tend to obscure their food habits) and/or by modifying their areas of distribution. Such usefulness as a measure of relative abundance, and thus as an transformations of ecological communities lead to the disappea- overall economic indicator. Approaches using biometrics, isoto- rance of the Mammoth Steppe and the advent of actual latitudinal pes, element utility (both architectural and social), and butche- biomes being set up between the end of Tardiglaciaire and first half ring have been useful for determining the existence of whaling of the Holocene. in Neoeskimo subsistence economies. Here we present a regional Contrary to what is generally found in literature, wild horses are still approach that focuses on contrasts in relative taxonomic abun- attested during the first half of the Holocene in Western Europe, as dance between sites with diverse economic signatures, sup- far as some specimens are identified in various regions of France. ported by related differences in site locations, features, The horse, a regular component of the Pleistocene fauna, can help frequencies, and manufacturing detritus. Using this approach, a to a better understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms which generalized picture of the relative importance of bowhead wha- allow to go beyond such climatic and environmental shifts. That is les in Neoeskimo subsistence economies can be assembled. Such why we aim to reveal the geographical variability of horses popula- an analysis, applied to the archaeological record of the Mackenzie tions just before the beginning of significant environmental modi- Inuit, or Siglit, reveals the role that bowhead whaling played in fications, which occur after 12 000 years BP. Morphometric analyses subsistence economies during the period ca. AD 1200 to AD 1850. of Late Glacial horses (Equus caballus arcelini, sensu lato) allow to Specifically, the archaeological record indicates that the prehis- characterize morphological specificities of several regional popu- toric Qikiqtaryungmiut and Nuvugarmiut practiced specialized lations. Such issues thus bring to wonder about the functionings bowhead whaling at coastal promontories, though the seasonal of Mammoth Steppe communities and about the reasons of their scheduling and success rate of these hunts contrasted conside- extinctions. rably. S1-7, Geometric morphometrics in archaeozoology: S2-7. Circumpolar archaeozoology: Arctic hunter-gatherers in context, oral applications and perspectives, oral

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 97 BIGNON Olivier1, BODU Pierre1, The small animals are part of the current human diet, however, 1 1,2 their systematic obtaining and consumption at the pre-Upper Pa- CHEHMANA Lucie , DEBOUT Gregory & laeolithic moments have been an important debate topic in recent SELLAMI Farid3 decades. Several authors have suggested that the small prey began 1, UMR 7041 CNRS – ArScAn, Équipe Ethnologie préhistorique, MAE René Ginouvès, 21 allée to be important in the human diet from at least the early Middle de l’Université F-92023 Nanterre, France [email protected], [email protected] Palaeolithic, some 200 Kyr onward. Nevertheless, the occasional paris10.fr, [email protected] consumption of small animals dates back to the Plio-Pleistocene 2, Conseil Générale des Yvelines – Direction de la Culture, Service archéologique des Yvelines, Le Pas du Lac, 2 avenue de Lunca F-78 180 Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France [email protected] chronologies in some African sites, such as I in Olduvai (Tanza- 3, INRAP, Direction interrégionale Centre-Ile-de-France, 31 rue Delizy 93 698 Pantin Cedex, France nia). From this perspective, we here present the human use of small [email protected] prey (rabbits, birds and tortoise) along the stratigraphical sequence Faunal taphonomy of the Badegoulian site of Oisy of Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain). This site contains a sedimentary (Nièvre,France): processes, factors and characteristics in a deposit composed of seventeen stratigraphical levels ranging from solifluction context MIS 9 to MIS 5e. The evidences of anthropogenic processing on small prey are documented from the earliest moments of the site The prehistoric site of Oisy is an open air site situated in the South of occupation (level XVII) in form of cutmarks, intentional breakage, Paris Basin (Nièvre, France). This Badegoulian site, that yield numerous human toothmarks and burning patterns depending of archaeo- lithic and faunal remains, also suggest that such societies lived at this logical level. The use of small animals, attached to the large game latitude a short time after the Last Maximum Glacial. Such period was identified in the site, indicate generalist human behaviour based confirmed by radiocarbon datings realized from bone samples that in the broad spectrum diet. The small prey could represent a food range between 18 000 and 16 000 years BP. The fauna is dominated supplement in these chronologies. In general, this study aims to by horses and reindeer remains, but some scarce bones indicate also provide data about the subsistence strategies of the Middle Pleis- the presence of bison, bear, wolf and a not identified small carnivore. tocene hominids from Bolomor Cave and contribute to knowledge The preservation of the site must be connected with the periglacial about the way of life of human groups in these chronologies. context of the Badegoulian time. The processes of sedimentation S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World of the human occupation exhibit alterations of the substratum and during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral some usual features of solifluxion events, and the incidence of the biological actions is also indicated. This study of bone remains aim at BOCHEŃSKI Zbigniew M.1, putting correspondence various characteristics observed with these 2 1 processes and taphonomic factors. These last ones take into account MAKOWIECKI Daniel & WOJTAL Piotr several parameters: bone size, weathering, rootmarks, various states 1. Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska of combustion of bones, fragmentation-fracturation of long bones, 17, 31-016 Kraków, , [email protected], [email protected] 2. Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Szosa Bydgoska 44/48, 87-100 relative concentration and the orientation of bones. Torun, Poland, [email protected] S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster The fauna and people of Poland: a zooarchaeological

BLAISE Émilie& BALASSE Marie time travel UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected]; [email protected] We shall go on a guided tour of the milestones of zooarchaeology Approaching the season of occupation of sites from the in Poland. The tour will begin at the end of the seasonal slaughtering of domesticated caprines in south- (Palaeolithic) when the early inhabitants of Poland coexisted with eastern France in the late Neolithic: contribution of isoto- mammoths, woolly rhinoceros and other representatives of the that eventually died out. We shall continue our time pic analysis of tooth enamel trip through the Neolithic, followed by Historical Times. Carefully Investigating the period of animal birth and slaughter is a central fac- selected examples will illustrate the interactions between man tor for understanding, according to the seasonal cycle, the breeding and animals and the changing patterns of human subsistence in strategies and pastoral practices. In addition, it allows to address the consecutive periods and geographical regions of Poland. We shall annual subsistence activities and the mode of occupation of the present the current knowledge on the introduction of chosen do- sites. If sheep and goats births were probably seasonal on the sett- mestic species in Poland and their utilization through time. Selec- lements of south-eastern France in the late Neolithic, farmers could ted data from sites particularly rich in animal bones will be briefly have more or less restricted the period of lambing in time, depen- summarized, and examples of the most important archaeological ding on farming practices and environmental conditions. Stable oxy- sites including caves, open-air sites and Holocene human settle- gen isotope analysis of tooth enamel from modern reference sheep ments will be given. Finally, we shall have a quick look at the history and archaeological domesticated caprines allowed to specify the of zooarchaeology in Poland, and finish our time travel at the pre- period, duration and distribution of births. At La Citadelle (Bouches- sent research centers and their current projects. du-Rhône, France) and La Fare (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France), S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, oral births were grouped and occurred mainly in late winter (February to March). From this estimation and from ages at death of sheep and BOGATKINA Olga goats refined from the deciduous lower premolars, assumptions on Institute of Social Technologies, Technical University, 55 Bolshaya Krasnaya Street, Kazan the season of occupation of both sites are proposed: La Fare was oc- 420015, Russian Federation, [email protected] cupied on a permanent basis whereas La Citadelle was occupied on a seasonal basis. Antler sleeves from Neolithic lake shore sites of Switzer- S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: land (Russian museum collection) integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral The collection of antler sleeves from Neolithic lake BLASCO Ruth1 & FERNÁNDEZ PERIS Josep2 shore sites is under investigation of the research. It is kept in Kazan 1, IPHES (Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social), Unidad asociada al CSIC, National Museum of the Tatar Republic, Russia. It was bought by Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili. Plaça Imperial Tarraco, 1. 43005 Tarragona, SPAIN. Russian professor and director of Kazan Imperial University Vysotski [email protected] N.F. in 1882. After professor’s death the collection was divided into 2, SIP (Servei d’Investigació Prehistòrica), Museo de Prehistoria, Diputación de Valencia, C/ Corona, 36, 46003 Valencia, SPAIN. [email protected] two parts: one part stayed in Kazan University (present day Kazan State University named after V.I. Ulyanov-Lenin) and another one Broad spectrum diet at Bolomor Cave, Valencia, Spain was transferred to Kazan Central Museum (present day the National (MIS 9-5e) Museum of the Tatar Republic). The assemblage from the National

98 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 Museum as well as from Kasan University has never been discussed When the LBA assemblage was analysed, an inconsistency showed in literature. 94 connecting devices and 6 their fragments are at our up. Despite the fact that cattle were the most dominant animal by disposal. These are antler sleeves. The aim of the paper is to repre- NISP, sheep/goat exceeded cattle by MNI. Therefore, the material sent worked osseous material in connecting with previous multidis- was also analysed by taphonomical factors. ciplinary studies held by European researchers. The achievements As a result, it was revealed that the NISP of sheep/goat originally of modern functional investigations of bone and antler tools are must have been much bigger than what was excavated. At the mo- taken into consideration. Analysis of typical sleeves (48 specimens) ment, the reason for this is still unknown, since cultural and/or tha- demonstrates that almost 70 per cent of them were made of antler phonomic factors might have caused it. of adult individuals (Cervus elaphus L.). On the whole the shape of S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster the sleeves has got a proportional limit of a square (70-90 x 70-90 mm) with sockets: 30-50 mm at length, 20-30 mm at width. Borella Florencia1, L’Heureux Gabriela The research aims also to stimulate novel interpretations of ancient 2 3 antler sleeves provoking new theoretical and methodological ap- Lorena & Grandi Florencia proaches to tools examination. 1, CONICET - FACSO (UNCPBA), Av. del Valle 5737, C. Munoz 1977, B7400JWI, Olavarria, ARGENTINA, S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster [email protected] 2, CONICET-IMHICIHU, Departamento de Investigaciones Prehistóricas y Arqueológicas (DIPA). Saavedra 15, piso 5, (ACA 1083) Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. lorenalheureux@yahoo. 1,2 5 com.ar BOLLONGINO Ruth , THOMAS Mark , 3, CONICET – Centro Nacional Patagónico, Puerto Madryn, Argentina, [email protected] SHAPIRO Beth3, BURGER Joachim2, LESUR-GEBREMARIAM Joséphine1, Evaluation of summer exploitation of Otaria flavescens in coastal archaeological sites of Patagonia LINSTÄDTER Jörg4, NESPOULET Roland6, TRESSET Anne1 & VIGNE Jean-Denis1 South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens,is one of the two species of Otariids commonly represented in the archaeological record of 1, CNRS, UMR 5197, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, “Archéozoologie, Histoire des Sociétés Humaines et des Peuplements Animaux”, Département d’Ecologie et Gestion de la South American coastal sites. This taxon is characterized by bree- Biodiversité, CP 56, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris Cedex 05, France. ding colonies during a reproductive season placed in selected litto-

2, Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Anthropology, University of Mainz, Colonel Kleinmann- ral settings during summer. Thus, the finding of pups remains of O. Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany 3, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University , 208 Mueller Laboratory, University flavescens in the Patagonian archaeological record has been used Park, PA 16802, USA as seasonally marker frequently. However, the presence of pups 4, Institute of Pre- & Protohistory, University of Cologne, Weyertal 125, D-50923 Cologne, Germany remains do not assure the season of animal death without an ac- 5, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, curacy determination of their age, being necessary to differentiate Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London, NW1 2HE 6, Département de préhistoire, UMR 5198, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, 1, rue René- newborn individuals from the other age classes for inferring sum- Panhard, 75013 Paris, France mer human occupations in the past. For this reason we carried out an osteometric study of the postcra- The origin of African cattle. New insights from ancient DNA nial skeleton of modern young of the year sea lion puppies with sex and age known, the last estimated by dental replacement patterns The possibility of an autochthonous cattle domestication is a long (Crespo 1988). We measure 11 skeletal elements (long bones and and controversially discussed issue. Archaeological and zooar- innominate) in 30 individuals from the northern Patagonian coast, chaeological evidences are rather sparse. The publication of modern Argentina. taurine mitochondrial data by Troy and colleagues (2001) revealed The obtained values significatively correlates with age but not with an almost uniform affiliation of African cattle to the T1 haplogroup. the sex of pups, allowing us to use postcranial bone sizes as an ac- As T1 is found at low frequencies in Near Eastern animals, the T1 curate marker of sea lion pups ages and then a valuable tool for dominance in Africa was interpreted as a sign for a local domestica- evaluate site seasonality. tion. Meanwhile T1 is generally accepted as being of African origin, S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster and its appearance outside of Africa used to trace back prehistoric contacts to this continent. In case of a local domestication the African the haplogroup T1 BORGES Caroline, GROUARD Sandrine & should also be found amongst samples of the extinct African LEVY Figuti aurochs. To clarify that, we analysed freshly excavated material UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, from Moroccan caves. Although the preservation proved to be a pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected]; limiting factor, we managed to yield sequences from at least six [email protected] aurochs and six putative domestic animals. None of the definite aurochs samples belonged to T1. This lineage Life in the Neotropical Forest: contribution to the knowled- does not appear until the onset of the Neolithic (within smaller ge of hunters-gatherers groups in the Atlantic Rainforest samples). The results do not support a local origin of African cattle. during the Holocene, with faunal remains analysis from a However, the prehistoric diversity of African cattle is much higher riverine shell mound Laranjal, southeast of than today´s. Though we cannot exclude a local domestication, the original arguments for it cannot be sustained. A second aspect of This work presents the results of the analysis of vertebrate and in- the presentation is our observation of DNA leaching within the ca- vertebrate fauna remains from a riverine shell mound, in the Ribeira ves, showing a potential impediment for aDNA studies. de Iguape Valley, São Paulo State, south-east of Brazil. The Atlantic S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster rainforest is one of the most important biodiversity “hotspots” of planet. This forest was inhabited by hunters-gatherer’s groups at BOPP-ITO Miki the beginning of the Holocene, as testified by riverine shell mounds IPAS; Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Spalenring 145, CH- (oldest dates from 9250 to 1200 yrs BP). In this context, the Laran- 4055, Basel, Switzerland, [email protected] jal site is dated from the middle Holocene (6015 - 5695 cal. BC; 6890±90 yrs BP). Taphonomy of Sheep/Goat from the Bronze Age alpine Zooarchaeological analyses illustrating prey choice, different uses settlement “Padnal”, Switzerland of animals, ecosystems and natural resources exploited, testify to the human role in this Neotropical environment. These analyses The Bronze Age settlement “Padnal” is situated 1200m above the help to define hunter-gatherer subsistence, and to understand sea level, in the central alpine region Switzerland. The site was inha- their Neotropical forest management choices. bited between the EBA to LBA. The analyzed sample shows high taxanomic richness (62 taxa), with

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 99 high diversity and relatively similar frequencies among the exploi- BOSCHIN Francesco & CREZZINI Jacopo ted taxa. This pattern suggests an open and widespread way of subsistence, with little specialization, and an opportunistic exploi- Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali - U.R. Ecologia Preistorica. Via Tommaso Pendola 62 53100 Siena, Italy. [email protected]; [email protected] tation of a few taxa. The study of this riverine shell mound fauna is particularly impor- 3D digital Microscope: a new tool for taphonomic ana- tant for the research in Latin America, because it contributes to the definition of the hunters-gatherers societies in Neotropical context, lysis and to the ecological history of the Atlantic Rainforest. S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, oral Microscopes analyses represent powerful tools for taphonomy. The aims of a lot of studies are to distinguish several kinds of marks on the bone surfaces. In this work we propose an innovative techno- Boscato Paolo & Crezzini Jacopo logical instrument for these observations: a 3D digital Microscope. Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali - U.R. Ecologia Preistorica, Via Tommaso One of the most important options of this tool is the AMF (Auto Pendola 62, 53100 Siena, ITALY. [email protected], [email protected] Multi Focus) 3D Function, which create a rotating 3D image of the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition in Southern Italy: bone surface. This consents to bring into focus the whole section of marks, observing their shape from several points of view, and Uluzzian macromammals from Cavallo cave (Apulia) taking, in relative brief time, a wide quantity of measurements (e. This contribution presents a taphonomic study carried out on g. depth, breath, angles). Metrical parameters developed and im- macromammals remains recovered from Uluzzian layer EIII 5 of Ca- plemented in this study will represent objective criteria which can vallo cave (Apulia – Southern Italy). Uluzzian is a distinctive culture be processed through statistical methodologies. The potentiality that characterizes Middle-Upper Palaeoltihic transition in Italy. Aim of this technology was used to observe cut marks produced during of this study is to obtain informations about exploitation of animal several butchery experiments using both stone and metal tools. resources implemented by man during this period. Comparison The obtained records will constitute a database useful to distin- beetween analyzed sample and musterian assemblagges coming guish the nature of several marks finding in faunal remains coming from sites of the same region shows significant differences in skele- from archaeological contexts. tal part frequencies. On the contrary similarities are detectable with S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster data from and Epigravettian samples recovered in other Apulian sites. These results suggest probable changes in manage- Botirov Aminjon ment of the carcasses by the prehistoric hunters who were living in this region. Samarkand Archaelogical Institute, 48, Zebiniso street, 140103, Samarkand, . S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World [email protected] during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster Mammal fauna of Uzbekistan in anthropogeny BOSCH Marjolein1, FLADERER Florian2, The antropogen period archaepoleozoologic materials in Uzbekis- 1 3 NIGST Philip & ANTL-WEISER Walpurga tan from primitive till medivial are periods analised. The poleozoo- 1, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, logic materials of Pielstocene and Early Holocene are studied Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 , GERMANY; [email protected]; [email protected]. de S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral 2, Institut für Paläontologie der Universität Wien, A-1090 Vienna, ; florian.fladerer@ univie.ac.at 3, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Prähistorische Abteilung, A-1014 Vienna, AUSTRIA; Bouchet Françoise1 & Araujo Adauto2 [email protected] 1, University of Reims, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of environmental Parasitology and Humans, bones and fire: Zooarchaeological, taphono- palaeoparasitology, EA 3795 GEGENA², 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51 096 Reims cedex, France. [email protected] mic, and spatial analyses of a Gravettian mammoth bone 2, Fundaçao Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saude publica, Avenida Brazil 4365, Manguinhos, accumulation at Grub-Kranawetberg (Austria) CEP 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. [email protected]

The role of humans in the formation of Gravettian mammoth bone Human and Parasite: Opportunities and challenges of a accumulations of Central and Eastern Europe is a heavily debated transcontinental meet topic. Grub-Kranawetberg, a multi-layered Gravettian open-air site in eastern Austria, yielded a bone accumulation in the vicinity of The parasites, these very strange and particular creatures, unicel- a campsite. Zooarchaeological, taphonomic, and spatial analyses lular or complex metazoan, which slyly invade the organisms of of this assemblage offer evidence on both human subsistence and their host, go with both human and animals during their life, their formation of mammoth bone accumulations. The deposit is domi- migrations, but also their death and over, as trace elements. Loca- nated by woolly mammoth but also includes woolly rhinoceros, tions and times of the first meet between hosts and parasites are reindeer, horse, giant deer, and wolf. The presence of articulated not known, but the works carried from each side of the Atlantic aim skeletal portions indicates that humans transported them to the in stating precisely the opportunities and the challenges realized site. The rarity of carnivore gnawmarks suggests that humans had by the parasites. In the Old World, our works allowed measuring the primary access to meaty skeletal parts. An indication that humans parasitological consequences of human settling during the Neoli- occupying the adjacent campsite interacted with the bones is seen thic period, better knowing the importance of the contact between in the rearticulation of a left M1 from the campsite with its matching man and parasite, and finally catching a glimpse of intermediary or right M1 found in the bone accumulation. The deposit is further definitive host variations in parasitic life-cycles.In the New World, characterized by various indications of burning evident in lenses the effects of colonization, during the XVth century A.D., led to a of burned sediment and abundant traces of heating on the bones. new territory conquest, but much more to parasite biological cycle The varied colours of burned bone, as well as reddish burned loess changes, because of a lack of anticipation and the occupation of show that the accumulation was subjected to a wide range of fire this new and unknown environment. The transcontinental Union temperatures. Based on initial results we argue for the intentional of our laboratories with their potential, owing to many successive use of fire as waste removal. This study explores human subsistence international programs (CAPES-COFECUB), has been of great im- in the Gravettian and provides an opportunity to examine the role portance during these ten last years in the comprehension of the of fire in the formation of bone accumulations. actual nosology of parasitic diseases. S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral S1-6, Palaeoparasitology: advances and potential, oral

100 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 Bouchet Françoise 1 & Le Bailly Matthieu1,2 Este trabajo evalúa la importancia del consumo de grasa animal para la dieta de poblaciones cazadoras-recolectoras móviles del 1- University of Reims, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of environmental Parasitology and palaeoparasitology, EA 3795 GEGENA², 51, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51 096 Reims cedex, France. interior de Patagonia austral durante el Holoceno tardío. Se discu- [email protected] ten cuáles fueron las estrategias implementadas para optimizar la 2- University of Franche-Comté, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, CNRS UMR 6249 Chrono- extracción y consumo de grasa animal, en un ambiente semi-árido Environnement, Place Leclerc, 25 000 Besançon, France. [email protected] con marcada estacionalidad, cuyo recurso principal es la carne ma- Ascaris occurrence in Old World during Prehistory and gra de guanaco, siendo la ingesta de carbohidratos muy baja. El problema se aborda a través del estudio del patrón de fragmen- History tación ósea de conjuntos del lago Cardiel con ocupaciones huma- The presence of preserved Ascaris sp. eggs is almost constant in nas en los últimos 2500 años AP, momento en que se produce en paleoparasitological studies. The resistance of this helminth eggs la región un decaimiento del balance de la humedad ambiental is due to the complex composition of the eggshell, but also by the y la cuenca del lago Cardiel ha sido propuesta como un espacio monoxenic biological cycle. This parasitosis is linked to a lack of hy- concentrador de poblaciones humanas y animales. Por otro lado, giene and is transmitted by the dirty hands or bad-washed food. se vinculan tales patrones de fractura ósea arqueológicos con nue- Paleoparasitological studies, carried in different periods, allowed us vos datos actualísticos realizados sobre una carcasa de guanaco to follow the evolution of this parasite known since the Neolithic in y se evalúan los medios para extraer grasa ósea por su alto valor , then during the protohistory in Sudan and Egypt. For the nutricional, dado que además se pueden obtener otras sustancias historical period, as well during the roman age or the mediaeval alimenticias. times, cities were invaded by this parasitosis, which develop owing Los resultados señalan que ciertas técnicas culinarias pueden po- to urbanization, lack of water in habitations, and problems to treat tenciar el valor nutricional de los recursos y, en este sentido, el the organic residues. The human roundworm, Ascaris lumbricoides, patrón faunístico estudiado estaría reflejando un procesamiento is identical to the pig speci, Ascaris suum. To facilitate their identifi- intensivo de los huesos de guanaco principalmente, lo que consti- cation, some molecular tests were initiated and gave precious and tuye la estrategia económica implementada. S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, poster cheering results, which have now to be continued. Finally, other animal, such as cats or dogs, can be infected by ascariids (Toxocora cati or Toxocara canis). But the egg morphology is quite different Boyle Katie and allowed paleoparasitology to distinguish the presence of ani- University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3ER, Cambridge, UK, [email protected] mals by human side. S1-6, Palaeoparasitology: advances and potential, oral A biogeographic perspective on ‘secondary species’ du- ring the middle-upper palaeolithic BOUDADI-MALIGNE Myriam Paleolithic archeozoology focuses mainly on dominant species. University of Bordeaux 1 PACEA UMR5199 Avenue des facultés 33405 Talence cedex, France. This paper looks at spatiotemporal biogeographical relationships [email protected] between numerically secondary taxa at W.European Transitional & Early Upper Palaeolithic sites. The data set, Uses and limits of geometric morphometrics analyses in expanding material compiled from the Stage Three Project (http:// paleontological research, the case of genus Canis www.esc.cam.ac.uk/research/research-groups/oistage3), compri- ses spatial & temporal faunal occurrences & frequencies at sites in a Geometric morphometrics is a powerful tool for studying changes region of W. Europe from 42° to 52°N. By plotting secondary species of shape between different objects. It’s an attractive perspective for occurrence, frequency & diversity using GIS & specific ecological palaeontology, and has already been used in to mapping software, such as SAM (Spatial Analysis in Macroecology: quantify differences between species. But is it really possible to use http://www.ecoevol.ufg.br/sam/), we can see greater detail of the these methods to analyze the evolution of species from any time dynamic biogeography (sensu Hengeveld 1990) of the period, period? Through two attempts conducted on the genus Canis, one concentrating on species which tell us more of the workings of eco- done on modern specimens and the other on fossil ones, we inves- system dynamics at the time. It shows where the ‘other’ taxa were tigate the possibility of using GM analysis. If we consider modern encountered, provides an indication of how important they may Canis, one interest is to analyse skull conformation between diffe- have been, and illustrates the dynamic multi-variable nature of the rent breeds of domestic dogs in order to emphasize the impact of ever-changing resource base exploitatable during the Palaeolithic, human selection on these animals. The study conducted on skulls especially in Transition Zones between broadly defined ecological of three breeds shows important differences in occlusion. On regions. By giving more attention to species which do not account remains, this kind of analysis is more difficult. Indeed, fossil bones for at least 50% of an assemblage we should be able to detect pat- and more over skulls, are often fragmented due to the fragility of terning in the archaeological record which relates to features which these skeletal parts. This fragmentation causes an important lack reinforce a picture of dynamism which leads on to ever-increasing of information and impedes GM analysis in three dimensions. It’s social and economic complexity as we approach the Late Upper nevertheless possible to use two dimensions analysis on well pre- Palaeolithic. served skeletal parts like teeth. We here proposed an application of S1-4, New developments in biogeography, oral GM analyses in two dimensions of the first upper molar of two Pleis- tocene species of Canis: etruscus and lupus. GM analyses contribute Boyle Katherine to a better comprehension of biological mechanisms of evolution. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 Nevertheless, for Pleistocene times, in front of incomplete bones 3ER, Cambridge, UK [email protected] his utilization stays limited. S1-7, Geometric morphometrics in archaeozoology: Red deer hunting in neolithic northern italy: the flip side applications and perspectives, poster of farming BOURLOT Tirso Molino Casarotto is one of a series of Neolithic sites in the Berici Hills th CONICET- INAPL (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) - (Instituto Nacional in northern Italy which was occupied during the 5 millennium bc de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano) 3 de febrero 1378, Ciudad Autónoma de and where evidence for farming is restricted. The site dates back to Buenos Aires, Argentina – C.P. 14 25, [email protected] the earliest phase of the local Middle Neolithic, Square Mouthed Pottery culture (VBQ – Bocca Quadrata), and has many original Estrategias de procesamiento de grasa animal por gru- features relating to settlement structures (varied types and pos cazadores-recolectores de Patagonia austral durante timber floors), fragmentation of pottery and lithics – in addition to el Holoceno tardío a rich faunal assemblage.

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 101 Here the importance of the red deer dominated fauna recovered 3, Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Memorial University, St. John’s, at Molino Casarotto is examined within the context of other sites Newfoundland A1C 5S7, Canada. [email protected] 4, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., 330 Young recorded in sub-alpine Italy, looking at data from a series of broadly Hall, Davis, CA 95616-8522, USA. [email protected] contemporary sites. 5, PACEA, Institut de Préhistoire et de Géologie du Quaternaire, Université Bordeaux I, Avenue Analysis of faunal material from the site indicates that Molino Ca- des Facultés, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France. [email protected] sarotto can be represented as a special purpose locale which may 6, Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, 6303 NW Marine Drive, have been occupied seasonally (summer?) and used by farmers on Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada a short-term basis only, when there was reason to look for alterna- tive non-domestic produce. Alternatively, if the site assemblage is Reconstructing the biogeography and ecology of Rangi- representative of collections from the wider region then we may fer using stable isotope analysis: modern and Palaeolithic be seeing evidence of a degree of systematic continuation of the case studies hunting practices which we more commonly associate with the Pa- laeolithic and Mesolithic in Western Europe. Stable isotope analysis can be used to explore the ecology and bio- geography of archaeological animals. When combined with the S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, poster serial-sampling of incrementally-developed tissues, stable isotope analysis has the potential to reveal time series information concer- BRÉHARD Stéphanie1, BĂLĂŞESCU Adrian2, ning seasonal movements and diets of animals in the past. Rangifer KOVAČIKOVÁ Lenka3, KYSELÝ René4, is one of the most abundant taxa found in archaeological sites in 5 6 the European Middle Palaeolithic, although little is known about BALASSE Marie & TRESSET Anne its ecology and migratory behaviour. Here, we use stable isotope 1. National History Museum of Romania, National Center of Pluridisciplinary Research, 12 analysis to explore the palaeoecology and palaeobiogeography of Calea Victoriei, 30026 Bucharest, ROMANIA ; UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 this archaeologically-important species. In this study, modern ca- Paris, France. [email protected] ribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) from North America were utilised 2. National History Museum of Romania, National Center of Pluridisciplinary Research, 12 Calea to assess the relationship between known lifetime movements and Victoriei, 30026 Bucharest, ROMANIA. [email protected] diets, and those reconstructed through the stable isotope analysis 3. Laboratory of Archaeobotany and Palaeoecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, CZECH REPUBLIC. [email protected] of teeth and bone. This allowed an assessment of the applicability of 4. Department of the archaeology of landscape and archaeobiology, Institute of Archaeology these methods to archaeological materials. The same sampling and of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Letenská 4, Prague 118 01, CZECH stable isotope techniques were then applied to reindeer (Rangifer REPUBLIC. [email protected] tarandus ssp.) from the late Pleistocene site of Jonzac, Charente- 5. UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] Maritime, France, in order to investigate the ranging and migratory 6. UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : behaviour of this Middle Palaeolithic prey-species. This is the first sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] such evidence for Pleistocene reindeer, complementing the zooar- chaeological data at the site, and allowing greater insight into the Milk and the Secondary Product Revolution in Europe: a palaeoecology of this species and the palaeoenvironment in which cheesy story Neanderthals lived and hunted.

The antiquity of milk use has become indisputable since the dis- S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral covery of dairy fat residues in pottery vessels from Near-Eastern and south-eastern European Neolithic (Evershed et al. 2008). They confirmed that milk was used as early as the beginning of the Neo- BRODERICK Lee lithic European dispersion, implying that it may have been part of Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield. the so-called Neolithic package introduced and diffused on this S1 4ET, UK, [email protected] and Institute of Cornish Studies, University of Exeter, continent. However whether cattle or sheep and goats were prefe- Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9EZ, UK. [email protected] rentially raised by Neolithic herders for milk is still under discussion, and we do not know much about how the practices and preferen- The Urban Jungle ces evolved during the first millennia of the Neolithic period. This presentation addresses these themes while focusing on the Da- This paper suggests that urban assemblages from the modern era nubian stream of the Neolithic dispersion, first from the example represent a unique set of challenges to the zooarchaeologist. The of south-eastern Europe and then with examples from central and modern period saw the introduction of widespread municipal ru- western Europe. This work is based on the analysis of a large col- bbish collection in Britain, meaning that fewer faunal remains as- lection of kill-off patterns, both for cattle and for sheep and goats, sociated with domestic or industrial waste entered the archaeolo- depicting archaeological occupations from the first part of the Neo- gical record. Simultaneously, there was a decline in the numbers of lithic period, between 6000 and 3500 cal. BC. As herding practices domestic animals being kept within towns and cities as profound developed for cattle are the most poorly known for the beginning changes occurred in the farming industry and in transport and of the Neolithic and as this species plays a major role in the eco- communications, while the number of commensal wild species nomic systems of the Danubian cultures, this presentation will pay may have risen. special attention to it. Compounding all of these issues is reluctance amongst commer- S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, oral cial archaeological companies to keep modern era material except where it is exceptional in terms of quantity or perceived quality. BRITTON Kate1,2, GRIMES Vaughan3, Assuming that such sampling issues can be overcome to obtain an unbiased profile of the environment, what would the zooarchaeo- 1 4 NIVEN Laura , STEELE Teresa , logical report conclude? Would such an assemblage fit our percep- McPHERRON Shannon1, SORESSI Marie1,5, tions of the ‘domestic’ or would we have dismissed it as not being 5 1 a settlement site had we not known its context? Such assemblages JAUBERT Jacques , HUBLIN Jean-Jacques & could answer vital questions not only relation to the growth and 1,6 RICHARDS Mike development of cities in the modern world, but also to the map- ping of biogeography and to the timescales used by some species 1, Department of Human Evolution, Max Panck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103 Germany. [email protected]; [email protected]. in making necessary adaptations in order to survive in new envi- de; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ronments. 2, Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE S2-5, Animals, and their bones, in the modern world (AD1750-1950), oral

102 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 BRODERICK Lee G.1, 2 During excavation of an Iron Age shrine in Central England, an as- semblage dominated by 6700 pig bones was recovered. The asso- 1, Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield. S1 4ET. UK [email protected] ciated material culture consisted of 13 coin hoards, numerous sil- 2, Institute of Cornish Studies, University of Exeter - Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall. TR10 ver objects and a Roman cavalry helmet. Study of the coin hoards 9EZ. UK. [email protected] suggested that the site was a place where people came together Does a Cow Shit in the Fields? from the wider community to perform ritual acts. In the light of this evidence and in subsequent publicity, the bones were widely assu- Recent research into the causes of climate change and global war- med to be the remains of feasting. Is it simply enough to identify ming has identified cows as a major source of methane, one of the ‘ritual feasting’? It is accepted that each site should be interpreted most potent of the “greenhouse gasses”. This has led some ethicists using all the available data whilst acknowledging the importance to further question the morality of eating meat, being able to add of the particular cultural context. However, anthropological and climate change to established arguments concerning human-ani- archaeological research has identified several criteria to aid in mal relations. Other research, however, has indicated that if the the recognition of feasting. Key faunal criteria include quantity of United Kingdom were to convert wholly to organic production, bones, range of species, selection of age groups or carcass parts, then this would require the farming system to produce more cattle butchery marks, burning and disposal. This research seeks to exa- then it currently does. These changes would need to be made un- mine objectively the evidence for feasting and will discuss whether der extensive, rather than intensive, exploitation strategies. the archaeology at the shrine supports it or if, instead, alternative As zooarchaeologists, we typically characterise domestic faunal interpretations should be sought. The poster therefore marks an assemblages as reflecting exploitation strategies which were de- attempt to move beyond the mere identification of ritual activity signed by farmers to maximise yields of meat, dairy produce or towards a reasoned interpretation of what type of rituals might be traction (or wool). Are these characterisations a result of the se- taking place. In doing so, it highlights the difficulties in extracting condary products revolution paradigm, or are they a result of the meaning from faunal remains which have resulted from culturally- modern Western world’s farming system? An important resource complex events. from cattle and other livestock is manure, yet it is often overlooked S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster by zooarchaeologists – it is this resource that necessitates a higher number of cattle and other livestock in an organic farming system. Data is presented here from ethnographic research carried out in BRUGAL Jean-Philip1 & ESCARGUEL Gilles2 Ethiopia relating to the importance of manure as an animal pro- duct. The Ethiopian Highlands are a region currently suffering ex- 1, UMR 6636 du CNRS, MMSH, BP647, F-13094 Aix-en-Provence, [email protected] 2, UMR 5125 du CNRS, Univ. Lyon1, blv. du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Gilles. tensive environmental degradation, possibly analogous to the well [email protected] known environmental degradation of Northern European highland areas during past episodes of climate change, with expanding po- Ecological and biogeographical dynamics of Large Mam- pulations and deforestation sharing most of the blame. The impor- mals’ communities in South-Western Europe between 50 tance of manuring to subsistence farming is discussed, alongside and 10 ka BP the methodologies currently used to detect it in the archaeological record and the implications for detecting successful or unsuccess- Large mammals’ communities play an important role for past hu- ful manuring strategies in past episodes of climatic change for ap- man populations, especially in term of subsistence strategies. The plication to current and future climate change coping strategies. Upper Pleistocene is characterized by a high climatic variability, S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster marked by many short and abrupt climatic phases. These changes first impact the vegetation, which in turn affect animal distributions; BRODERICK Lee G.1, 2 & RANDALL Clare3 presence and abundance of species - ungulates for food resources 1, Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield. or predators in term of competition - should govern the adaptive S1 4ET. UK [email protected] behavior of human groups (e.g., degree of mobility, groups’ size, 2, Institute of Cornish Studies, University of Exeter - Cornwall Campus, Penryn, Cornwall. TR10 hunting strategies). From this point of view, a large-scale approach 9EZ. UK. [email protected] 3, Department of Archaeology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Talbot Campus, Poole, of fauna/human relationship can be realized through comparative Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK. [email protected] analysis of taxonomic assemblages, in relation with geographical factors (e.g., large rivers, mountains). Following a combined, qua- Who Let the Cows Out? litative and quantitative approach, we performed a paleoecologi- Prehistoric roundhouses in the British Isles are routinely interpreted cal and biogeographical analysis of a presence/absence database as structures used for human habitation, or more rarely, as workshops. of large mammals from South-western Europe. They are based on Following the end of the Romano-British period, however, habitation regional faunal lists bracketed into inter-Heinrich time intervals in sites in the archaeological record are characterised by structures order to minimize problems of taphonomic processes or differen- which fit neatly into a Northern European tradition of houses which tial visibility/survey of archeological remains. The study concerns combine human habitation with the stalling of livestock. Despite the Upper Pleistocene associations covering the end of the Middle Pa- importance of a pastoral economy in various periods and parts of leolithic and all the Upper Paleolithic. The resulting patterns of bio- , rarely has this status-quo been questioned. geographical relationships are contrasted during this period. Then Here, data is presented from archaeological sites in South West Bri- it can be debated in the light of cultural evolution and adaptation tain, alongside ethnographic data from Ethiopia which suggests that in changing environments, including transitional periods such as stalling livestock within and alongside buildings for human habita- the extinction of Neanderthal. tion may be part of a long-standing British tradition. The reasons for S1-4, New developments in biogeography, oral not identifying such activities are explored and a methodology for identifying such sites is established within this new theoretical fra- BUC Natacha mework. CONICET-INAPL, Loponte Daniel, 3 de Febrero 1370, 1426, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral ARGENTINA, [email protected] BROWNING Jennifer Bone raw material and variations in the low Parana du- University of Leicester Archaeological Services, University Road, Leicester. LE16 9AL, U.K. jcb9@ ring late Holocene leicester.ac.uk During late Holocene, different hunter-gatherer groups cohabited Communal feasting or ritual offering? Analysing the evi- in the low Parana wetland. Because of environmental conditions, dence from a Late Iron Age shrine in Central England mobility strategies of groups and the time span considered, nowa-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 103 days we found various archaeological sites distributed across the Using newly developed molecular techniques we show, for the first landscape. In this paper we analyse assemblages from Anahi, Garin, time, that ancient DNA is preserved in fossil eggshell (Oskam et al., Vizcacheras, Guazunambi, La Bellaca I, La Bellaca II, Punta Canal and Proc. B., 2010) and demonstrate it can be successfully characterised Cerro Lutz. from extinct avian taxa such as moa and the Madagascan elephant All of them have high numbers of bone tools classified in different bird. We also show that eggshell DNA can survive in a number of morpho-functional groups: , bipoints, drilled points, pro- hostile environments, for up to 19,000 years. The ability to isolate jectile points, awls, smoothers and hooks of spearthrowers. The and amplify DNA from eggshell will, when combined with stable aim of this paper is to explore the variability that each group shows isotope data and , provide a powerful tool in a across the landscape. If similarities among sites can be interpreted number of paleontological and archaeological applications. as analogous responses to equivalent environmental conditions in Moa species were sexually dimorphic (Bunce et al., Nature, 2003), a context shaped by the same evolutionary processes, differences slow reproducing and the smaller male was likely responsible for deserve a complex discussion, proposing particular explanations to incubating eggs. This biology may have made these mega-her- specific cases. For example, in some groups morphologic differen- bivores more susceptible to Polynesian hunting practices. In this ces are the result of artifactual reactivation but in others, they are presentation we will present data on how DNA isolated from moa undoubtedley linked to stylistic divergences. eggshell collected from archaeological middens across New Zea- The outcomes of this study pose the focus in other theoretical land can help us understand how the Polynesians interacted with and methodological questions. For example, the variability regis- moa in an archaeoz tered compels to reconsider those conditions required to define a S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral morpho-functional group and to establish the degree of variation allowed. In the other hand, we discuss how this heterogeneity is BURGER Pamela articulated in the local model proposed to understand the way of University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Population Genetics, A-1210 Vienna, life of hunter-gatherers at the moment of the European contact. In Austria, Veterinaerplatz 1. [email protected] the end, we deal with the scope in which selection of bones and the available technology limit tools design. From that base, we discuss From dusk(t) till dawn - Old World camel genetics, an over- the significance of stylistic demarcation. view S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral Phylogenetic studies place the split between the tribes Camelini Buckley Mike, Kansa Sarah, Thomas- (Old World camelids) and Lamini (New World camelids) 25 million Oates Jane & Collins Matthew years ago (mya) and the separation within the Camelini 8 mya. This is significantly earlier than estimated from fossil records (11 and 5 University of York, Department of Biology, Heslington, S Block, PO Box 373, YO10 5YW York., England, [email protected] mya, respectively).The domestication of the dromedary (C. drome- darius) likely took place 3-4000 years (ybp) in the Species identification of archaeological bone by collagen southeastern part of the Arabian Peninsula with the extinct giant fingerprinting camel as possible ancestor. Preliminary results of mitochondrial DNA analysis of modern dromedaries hint at a polyphyletic genetic Collagen has long been known as the most dominant protein in origin and indicate at least two different domestication events. Pre- bone and shown to survive burial over long periods of time. Recent sumed areas of the Bactrian camel’s (C. bactrianus) domestication advances in the sensitivity and resolution of soft-ionization mass are Kazakhstan and Mongolia, contrary to the originally assumed spectrometry have allowed for the analysis of large proteins, such and eponymous center of origin in Bactria (today’s , as collagen, and as a result, it is increasingly being used for the ana- ). The recently described high mitochondrial sequen- lysis of partially degraded-ancient proteins. Although collagen has ce divergence (1.9-2.4%) between wild and domestic two-humped been thoroughly analysed in archaeological samples for a number camels excludes the wild Bactrian camel (C. ferus) as direct ances- of purposes, its genetic information is not commonly exploited. We tor of modern domestic Bactrian camel populations. Although, a focus on the analysis of particular peptides of the collagen (I) alpha monophyletic origin has been suggested. Mitochondrial molecular 2 chain, analysed by MALDI-TOF MS/MS, to infer species informa- clock analyses estimate the split between the two lineages in the tion amongst a large set of archaeological specimens, dating back early Pleistocene (0.7 mya) long before domestication (4-5000 ybp). to the Lower Palaeolithic and ranging across a wide geographical This also disproves the persisting opinion that wild Bactrian camels area worldwide. The results indicate the potential for extracting are merely feral. Currently, the key issue in the conservation of wild collagen peptide markers to identify taxa to the level of genus in camels, their hybridization with domestic congeners, is investiga- most large mammals, and to species level in small mammals. We ted. also confirm the survival of small remnants of the protein, at least S1-3, Old World Camelids, oral as far back in time as the Lower Palaeolithic, and show its potential 1 2 3 to persist in much older samples. Cai Dawei , Tang Zhuowei , Yu Huixi , S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster Han Lu4, Ren Xiaoyan5 & Zhou Hui6 1, Ancient DNA Laboratory, Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, Bunce Michael 115 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023 CHINA. [email protected] 2, Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Murdoch University, Oskam Charlotte, Haile James, Allentoft Morten, Jacomb Christopher, Changchun 130012 CHINA. [email protected] South Street Campus, 6150, Perth, . [email protected] 3, College of life, Jilin University, 115 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023 CHINA. yuhuixin0619@126. com 4, College of life, Jilin University, 115 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023 CHINA. hanluck@ Analysing ancient dna from archeological eggshell in hotmail.com New Zealand; insights into the extinction of avian mega- 5, Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Xining 810007 CHINA. [email protected] fauna 6, College of life, Jilin University, 115 Jiefang Road, Changchun, 130023, CHINA. zhouhui@mail. jlu.edu.cn Polynesians and the animals that accompanied them ~700 years ago had a profound influence on the New Zealand ecosystem. They Early history of Chinese domestic sheep indicated by an- brought fire, hunting and exotic species into a pristine environment cient DNA analysis of Bronze Age individuals leading to widespread faunal extinctions. The greatest impact was on the unique avifauna which was dominated by the giant ratite China has a long history of sheep husbandry and has several in- moa. Within a century and a half all nine species of moa were ex- digenous sheep breeds. However, the exact geographic origin of tinct (Holdaway & Jacomb, Science, 2000). Chinese domestic sheep remains unclear. In this study, we present

104 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 an analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 22 sheep excava- unique opportunity to look at how animal husbandry developed in ted from 4 Bronze Age archaeological sites in Northern China. Two this region and age for the first time, and also see whether dairying lineages (A and B) were observed in ancient Chinese sheep, with began sometime during this long Neolithic sequence. The faunal Lineage A accounting for 95.5% of all ancient Chinese sheep. Consi- assemblage salvaged from Istanbul’s metro construction, on the dering the dominance of Lineage A in China 4000 years ago and the other hand, stands out as the new Fikirtepe (archaic period), but on high frequency distribution and genetic diversity in the East Asian the other side of the Marmara Sea. Based on primarily ageing data sheep population, we suggest that Lineage A might have origina- from sheep, goat and cattle remains, this paper will discuss these ted in East Asia. The origin of Chinese domestic sheep is more com- assemblages within the larger context of Neolithic dairying in the plex than previously thought. Both indigenous breeds and mtDNA greater European-Anatolian frontier. lineages introduced from outside of China possibly were involved S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, oral in the process of domestication. Sequence sharing and principal component analysis show that the ancient Chinese sheep had a CALDWELL Megan1 E., LEPOFSKY Dana S.2, close affinity to modern Chinese sheep. However, the weak genetic 3 4 structure among three modern Chinese sheep groups makes it dif- COMBES Georgia , HARPER John R., ficult to determine their relationship with ancient Chinese sheep. WELCH John2,5 R. & WASHINGTON Michelle6 Lastly, our results imply that molecular genetic analysis could pro- 1, Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H4, vide a new way to investigate prehistoric exchange between the [email protected] 2, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, East and West. Canada, V5A 1S6, [email protected] S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, 3, Box 251 Lund, BC, Canada, V0N 2G0, [email protected] Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral 4, Coastal and Ocean Resources Inc., 214-9865 W. Saanich Rd., Sidney, BC, Canada, V8L 5Y8, [email protected] 5, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6, [email protected] ÇAKIRLAR Canan 6, Sliammon Treaty Society, 4885 Salish Drive, Powell River, BC, Canada, V8A 4Z3, mwashington@ Tübingen University. , Zentrum für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, Archäozoologie, sliammontreaty.com Rümelinstr. 23. 72070, Tübingen – Deutschland. [email protected]. From Sea to Shore: Visualizing Intertidal Resource Abun- From caravans to camel fights: A proposal for interdis- dances on the Southern British Columbia Coast ciplinary research into the social archaeology of camel hybridization Intertidal resource management features (fish traps, sea gardens) are abundant in Tla’amin traditional territory on British Columbia’s The seemingly eventless winter in the Turkish Aegean is high Sunshine Coast. We consider the ‘spaces between’ intertidal featu- season for camel fight fans: Small towns attract hundreds of locals res and the places where intertidal resources wind up: shell mid- on weekends, who gather to watch male hybrid camels fight in den deposits at terrestrial sites. Our research tracks the remains of heat. Modern-day camel fight scene is an anthropological park in- intertidal resources in a variety of sites, from large villages to small volving bformalized rituals, such as poetic performances similar to resource extraction areas. Specifically, we illustrate variability in in- limericks, as well as dynamic financial transactions, such as the ‘ille- tertidal resource use by combining data about resource abundan- gal but tolerated’ smuggling of F1 and F2 individuals from . It is ce, taxanomic presence/absence, distance from intertidal features also a good source of meat and for those with interested in osteolo- and the ecological setting of intertidal features through a series of gy, of bones. Yet, for the locals, today’s camel fights are surprisingly annotated maps. devoid of historical and spiritual meaning; “it is expensive and ad- S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: dictive fun”. Modern-day camel fighting is obviously the dead-end new approaches to communication and collaboration, poster product of what started as a conscious effort for breeding the tou- ghest individuals to be used in long-distance transportation across CALDWELL Megan E. Asia and beyond. The emergence and early development, as well as Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H4, the recent history of these fascinating phenomena have been little [email protected] explored. The anthropology of camel fights have much to contribu- te to renewed archaeozoological research around old world came- Pacific Northwest Coast Mass Harvesting: Theoretical lids, in formulating models and providing analogies –and bones- to and Zooarchaeological Perspectives explicate the changing role of hybrid camels in Southwest Asian The use of mass harvesting structures in past human cultures is a societies –past and present. S1-3, Old World Camelids, oral worldwide phenomenon. The use of these structures is often linked to more complex social organization, as is the case on the Pacific Northwest Coast (Northern California to Southeast Alaska). Here, Çakırlar Canan mass harvesting takes the form of intertidal and riverine fish traps. Inst. Für Urgeschichte Rümelinstr. 23, Archaeozoologie, 72070 Tübingen Deutchland. While these structures are often linked to social and economic [email protected] advancements on the Pacific Northwest Coast, these associations often lack supporting zooarchaeological data. In this paper, I will Was dairying practiced at the European-Anatolian fron- use zooarchaeological examples from several sites on the central tier in the Neolithic? The views from Izmir (Ulucak Höyük) Pacific Northwest Coast to support the argument that mass harves- and Istanbul (Yenikapı), ca. 6500-5500 BC ting structures played an important role in larger socioeconomic development over the last 5,000 years. Recent analyses of zooarchaeological remains and fat residues in S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral ceramic vessels (e.g. Craig et al. 2005) suggest that dairy produc- tion took place in central and Eastern Europe as early as 5900-5500 cal. BC. In a recent review of early zooarchaeological assemblages CAMARÓS Edgard, VERDÚN Ester & from Anatolia and new lipid data, Richard Evershed and Sebastian ESTÉVEZ Jordi Payne (2008) suggested the use of dairy products may have begun Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia. Departament de Prehistòria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. as early as 5600 BC in northwestern Anatolia. Now fresh zooar- Edifici M. Campus UAB. Bellaterra (08193). [email protected], [email protected], chaeological data is available from two frontier regions to tackle [email protected] the question as to whether the beginning of dairying had its roots in regions lying closer to the core area of domestication. Ulucak’s Ethnoarchaeozoology as a step between materiality and long zooarchaeological record, from the earliest Neolithic in the social relations: the example of hunter- Eastern Aegean region (ca. +6500 BC) to ca. 5500 BC, provides a fisher-gatherer’s societies

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 105 According to our theoretical point of view, the identification of so- carcasses et l’occupation des sites dans une région géographique cial relations must be the objective in Archaeology, and its metho- restreinte que représente la région de Témara située au sud-ouest dology must be orientated in the direction of answering social de Rabat. A travers une approche diachronique nous pourrons dis- questions. Our research is focused on the study of hunter-fisher- cuter de l’évolution de l’occupation des sites et des comportements gatherer ethnographic societies from Tierra del Fuego, specifically de subsistance à l’Atérien (Paléolithique moyen), et nous pourrons analysing the archaeozoological record. The first step of our ana- comparer ces résultats à ceux obtenus pour l’Ibéromaurusien (Pa- lysis was to interpret social organisation and animal resource ma- léolithique supérieur), en intégrant à la discussion les pressions nagement of indigenous groups, using only the archaeofaunistic environnementales. Dans ce cadre, cette discussion sera menée à record. Afterwards, we compared the archaeological interpretation partir de l’étude des faunes de trois sites de la région de Témara (El with different ethnographic descriptions, to see if by using strictly Harhoura 2, El Mnasra et Dar es Soltane 2). the material record we were able to reach equal explanation. S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World Social interpretation by materiality was not as accurate as it should during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster be. Comparing both different approaches to Tierra del Fuego’s societies, archaeology and ethnography, we noticed that some CAMPOS Fredeliza archaeozoological evidence was much more important that what School of Humanities, University of Hong Kong, Hung Hing Ying Bldg., Pokfulam Road, Hong we thought in the beginning to explain social organization. Diffe- Kong S.A.R. [email protected] rences such as fragmentation indexes, carnivore’s gnawing or ther- Fish bones from the and Taiwan: two compa- moalterations were essential to differentiate between a domestic and a ritual context or to explain social differences. rable cases of specialized pelagic fishing in the Neolithic This archaeofaunistic research has changed our way of analysing Fish remains from the Batanes islands in the northern Philippines social management of animal resources. In this sense we had to and the Eluanbi II site located on the southernmost tip of Taiwan calibrate our methodology in order to obtain information about were examined to understand Neolithic fishing practices and sub- social relations by studying faunal remains from the point of view sistence. Both locales are dated to around 3500 BP and show ma- of social value. rine fish as an important part of the diet. This study indicates a pre- S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: dominance of pelagic fishes in both assemblages, while the distinct bringing methodology to bear on social questions, oral vertebrae and cranial bones of Istiophoridae (marlin and sailfish), very powerful and extremely fast swimmers, were only identified CAMPANA Douglas from Eluanbi II. Both sites also contain the remains of the common U.S. National Park Service (retired), 285 Pennington Lawrenceville Rd, Pennington, NJ, USA dolphinfish Coryphaena hippurus (Coryphaenidae), a bony fish ge- 08534. [email protected] nerally scarce in other archaeological sites in the region. These taxa imply a sophisticated technology, particularly fishing vessels capa- Fauna: A New Database Manager for Faunal Analysis ble of long-distance sailing, and a communal system to specifically hunt for large pelagic fishes. This skill in offshore fishing and the At the Bordeaux ICAZ of 1986 I introduced a specialized faunal propensity for catching dolphinfish reinforces outstanding argu- database manager I called “Animals.” Computing has come a long ments on maritime contact between islands in this region, parti- way in the intervening 24 years. “Fauna” is a modern version of Ani- cularly Taiwan and the northern Philippines, but also the Marianas mals, but it follows the same philosophy. Designed for the analyst where this fish is also found in archaeological sites. working with large data samples, Fauna offers quick, structured S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, but flexible data entry, rapid data sorting and retrieval, and semi- Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral automated data analysis, including quick retrieval of measurement, butchery, and dental aging data plus many other features. Fauna is CANNON Mike & BARGER Nicci a stand-alone program, but it can easily export to other databases, including Excel and Access. I will introduce this new software and SWCA Environmental Consultants, 257 E. 200 S, Suite 200, Salt Lake City, UT 84106, USA. [email protected] illustrate its features using new data from the late Roman site of Icklingham in Suffolk, England. NISP, bone fragmentation, and the measurement of taxo- S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: new approaches to communication and collaboration, poster nomic abundance

1 1 NISP is dependent on the degree to which bones have been frag- Campmas Emilie , Michel Patrick , mented, but rarely are attempts made to control for the effects of Amani Fethi2, Nespoulet Roland3 & fragmentation on NISP, even though, without doing so, it cannot 2 be known whether variability in NISP is simply telling us about va- EL Hajraoui Mohamed Abdeljalil riability in fragmentation rather than about factors of more direct 1, PACEA-IPGQ, UMR 5199, Université Bordeaux 1, Bâtiment B18, Avenue des facultés, 33405 archaeological interest. This paper takes steps towards developing Talence Cedex, France. [email protected], [email protected] 2, Institut national des sciences de l’archéologie et du patrimoine, Rabat, Maroc. fethiamani@ methods for better dealing with this problem by presenting 1) a yahoo.fr, [email protected] formal model of the relationship between NISP and fragmentation, 3, Département de Préhistoire, UMR 7194, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, France. 2) experimental data on the shape of this relationship, and 3) expe- [email protected] rimental data on the effectiveness of several potential measures of Essai de caractérisation des comportements de subsis- fragmentation. The experimental data, derived from an incremental bone crushing protocol, indicate that NISP values first increase and tance et de l’occupation des sites à la fin du Pléistocène then decrease with increases in fragmentation, as is to be expected supérieur atlantique : Le cas de l’Atérien de la région de on theoretical grounds. However, they also suggest that NISP may Témara (Maroc) change less with increases in fragmentation than is commonly assu- med because increases in numbers of specimens are well-balanced Les travaux de recherche sur les comportements de subsistance by declines in identifiability at most levels of fragmentation. Finally, en Afrique du Nord sont extrêmement rares alors que cette région the experiments suggest that specimen weight and specimen size participe pleinement aux discussions sur l’apparition des compor- (which can be measured quickly through digital image analysis) tements modernes, avec la découverte de restes d’ sapiens are useful measures of the degree of fragmentation among assem- archaïques au Djebel Irhoud et dans la région de Témara, avec éga- blages, while there are both theoretical and empirical reasons to lement l’identification de coquillages perforés associés à l’Atérien. think that MNI:NISP ratios respond to increases in fragmentation in Ainsi, notre travail de recherche a pour objectif de caractériser les a non-monotonic manner and are thus less useful. pratiques cynégétiques, les chaînes opératoires du traitement des S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster

106 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 CARANNANTE Alfredo1, communities living in the territory. Within these studies the analysis 2 3 of the faunal remains of the different archaeological sites included CIARALLO Anna Maria &RUSSO Giovanni in the project, has underlined the relationships that man has had in 1. Laboratorio di Scienze e Tecnologie applicate ai Beni Culturali, Università degli Studi di Napoli the times with the deer which was living on the island at least from “Suor Orsola Benincasa”, Via Santa Caterina da Siena 37 Napoli Italy. [email protected] 2. Laboratorio di Ricerche Applicate, Soprintendenza Archeologica di Napoli e Pompei, Via Villa the late Neolithic. The interaction between man and deer had diffe- dei Misteri 2 Pompei Italy. [email protected] rent results: from the exploitation of the meat to the manufacture 3. Università degli Studi di Napoli “Parthenope”, Centro Direzionale Isola C4 Napoli Italy. of bone and antler, up to the ritual use of the astragalus in some [email protected] burials. Some sites are more interested in hunting activity (Nuraghe Between the Sea and the Volcano. Marine Resources Ex- and Monte Sirai) while in others ones the workmanship is attested, manly for antlers (Sulcis). From our present knowledge it is possi- ploitation at Pompeii ble to recognize a florid commerce linked to the exploitation of the red deer: where the natural environment allows the proliferation of A large quantity of archaeomalacological and archaeoichtyological this specie, hunting has a great importance. The products obtained remains from Pompeii is kept nowadays in the “Applied Researches Laboratory” of the “Soprintendenza Archeologica di Napoli e Pom- from the deer were then resold in the urbanized sites. Nuraghe Sirai pei”. It is an assemblage of dozens of thousands shell, sponge, coral, is situated along the street that connects Sulcis with Monte Sirai sea urchin, crustacean, fish and sea turtle remains. Most of them and in this site the red deer has in some cases more importance in contribute to reconstruct the diet of the ancient Pompeians and feeding than the domestic species. In Sulcis, fragments of antlers their alimentary tastes. They also contribute to reconstruct the pre- and carving refusals are more abundant, but the consumption of paration processes of the foods. The fish remains provide important meat is not attested. In Monte Sirai, in the so-called “House with the evidences about garum preparation. Other remains testify the or- Talk Skylight”, the recovery of many fragments of lithic hones and namental use of shell and coral to adorn houses and gardens or to deer antlers allows us to think to a workshop of with handles make different kinds of personal ornaments. Shells were also used carved from antlers. in Pompeii to make objects as trumpets and tools. Some evidences S4-4, Cervids and society – Deer in Time and Space, oral testify the industrial exploitation of the molluscs to produce tex- tile fibres as byssus and purple-dye. Mediterranean sea organisms Carenti Gabriele remains from Pompeii contribute to reconstruct the fishing and Universita degli Studi di Sassari, via Giulio Pastore, 1a, viale Umberto I, 52, 07100, Sassari, ITALY, sea-collecting in the 1st century AD and also the oyster breeding [email protected] techniques while exotic shells show the exchanges between Italy and tropical regions. Tell Afis (Syria): ritual meals and ceremonies of founda- S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster tion. a case from the 2009 excavation campaign CARANNANTE Alfredo1, Man had always a high consideration for the architecture and the planning of spaces and buildings for the development of the com- 2 1 FATTOVICH Rodolfo & PEPE Carla munity life, from the simplest quadrangular house up to the most 1. Laboratorio di Scienze e Tecnologie applicate ai Beni Culturali, Università degli Studi di Napoli complex public palace. Up to actual times the use of leaving small “Suor Orsola Benincasa”, Via Santa Caterina da Siena 37 Napoli Italy, [email protected] objects during the work for the foundations of a new building, for a 2. Università degli Studi di Napoli “L’Orientale”, Piazza San Domenico Maggiore 12 Napoli Italy good wish, is attested. A recoverie in the 2009 archaeological mis- sion in Tell Afis (Syria), can be linked to this kind of ritual. The ritual, Marine Resources Exploitation at Mersa/Wadi Gawasis as we can see from the examined rests, included the consumption (Red Sea, Egypt). The Harbour of the Pharaohs to the of meats during of the propitiatory banquets at the beginning of Land of Punt the works. The rests of these banquets were preserved in pits in the building foundation. The faunal association introduces very com- Many evidences testify the use of Mersa/Wadi Gawasis area as har- mon species for the examined period (Iron II-III age) both domestic bour for seafaring expeditions in the Red Sea from the late 3rd to and wild ones. Different birds of medium size, of the Columbidae mid 2nd millennia BC. Several thousands of marine organisms (fish, family and at least an individual of turtle dove (Streptopelia sp.) are sea-turtle, molluscs, crustaceans and barnacles) remains have been present. Among the wild mammals the hare (Lepus sp.), the gazelle found in the archaeological contexts of the site. Most of them repre- (Gazella sp.) and some fragments of mufflon (Ovis cfr. ammon) have sent food remains and contribute to reconstruct the diet of ancient been identified, while the domestic species are represented by ca- seafarers. Other remains testify the use of shell as raw material to provines, maily sheep (Ovis aries), with individuals aged less than produce ornaments as different kinds of beads and tools as spoons three years. Great importance have also the anthropic signs over and lamps. Some evidences suggest that tortoiseshell was also - the fragments: traces of butchery and exposure to the fire. tained in the site by sea turtles carapace. Large heaps of hundreds S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster of Lambis shells have been found covering man-made structures overlooking the seashore of Mersa Gawasis. These structures are 1 2 interpreted as cult places. Archaeomalacological analyses revealed CARTAJENA Isabel , LÓPEZ Patricio , 3 3 that the Lambis shells were neither used as food nor worked as raw CARABIAS Diego & MORALES Carla material. Their use was probably connected with ritual activities as 1, Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de . Ignacio Carrera Pinto 1045, some evidences suggest. Santiago de Chile, [email protected] S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - 2, Universidad Católica del Norte, IIAM, Gustavo Le Paige 380, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile. Luis Uribe 2320, Depto. 104, Santiago de Chile, [email protected] Shell middens and shells as a food resource, oral 3, Arka Consultores S.A. Cochrane 401, of. 1, Casilla 21, Correo Central Valparaíso, Chile, [email protected]; [email protected] CARENTI Gabriele Taphonomic analysis of an underwater Final Pleistocene Università degli Studi di Sassari – Dipartimento di Storia, viale Umberto I, 52 - 07100 Sassari, [email protected] terrestrial extinct faunal bone assemblage: first eviden- ces from South America (Central Chile) The red deer in the Sulcis (south-western Sardinia, Italy) between 8th and 3rd centuries B.C. Site GNL Quintero 1, located in Quintero Bay (32 º S, Central Chile), is the first evidence of drowned terrestrial sites on the continen- The study of the Sulcis area during the Iron age has as principal tal west coast of South-America covered by sea-level rise after the purposes the understanding of the Phoenician expansion, of the Last Glacial Maximum. The site currently lies 650 m from the mod- punic conquest and the relationships of these populations with the ern coastline, in 13 m of seawater. An animal bone assemblage in

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 107 a gravel and clay matrix with particles deposit assigned to the Late Pleistocene was recovered. Taxonomic analysis of the 1 2 bones showed a high taxonomic diversity of extinct fauna (Cameli- CAVALLO Chiara , Dütting Monica & dae, Cervidae, Artiodactyla, Equidae, Mylodontidae, Canidae and Schuman Aviva3 Xenarthra Families). The samples represent a continental faunal 1, Turfdraagstrpad 9 –BG1, 1012 XT Amsterdam, The Netherlands, [email protected] assemblage belonging to a drowned primary terrestrial context 2, Hazenberg Archeologie Leiden bv, Middelstregracht 89r, 2313 TT Leiden, The Netherlands, probably related to an estuarine-lagoon environment. One com- [email protected] 3, Winterdijkstraat 36-2, 1079 GV Amsterdam,The Netherlands mon problem for investigating fini-Pleistocene sites is the absence of or non diagnostic evidence of human activity, making the rec- Food supply to the Roman army in the Rhine delta ognition of natural and/or cultural formation processes of animal bones more complex. Here we present the results of taphonomic The aim of the paper is to present and discuss the way the Roman analysis of marks and possible burnt bones. The identification of army can have organised its food supply lines to the auxiliary forts, natural marks was macroscopically possible. Microscopic analysis located along the River Rhine in The Netherlands, during the first was performed using scanning electron microscope to observe two centuries AD. The setting of these forts and the local landscape the micromorphology of marks and to determine the presence or are briefly presented. The results of zooarchaeological studies will absence of burned. Results will provide a better understanding of be presented according to three phases of occupation and use of submerged paleolandscapes and the human peopling of South the forts in relation to their means and possibilities of transport America towards the Late Pleistocene. and distribution network. The paper focuses on the evidence of S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster the needs of the Roman army for their food supply, their way of consumption and acquisition in order to understand the impact Castel Jean-Christophe1 & they had in the ecological, economical and cultural landscape of Chauvière François-Xavier2 the region. S2-3, Empires, poster 1, Département d’archéozoologie, Muséum d’histoire naturelle de Genève, SWISS CONFEDERATION. [email protected] 2, Institut de préhistoire et des sciences de l’antiquité classique, Université de Neuchâtel, SWISS Cavanhié Nadia CONFEDERATION UMR 5608 CNRS, Université Toulouse 2 Le Mirail, 5 allées Antonio Machado, F-31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, FRANCE. [email protected] Modalités de subsistance au Paléolithique supérieur ré- cent en Quercy central New study of the Regourdou’s fauna: Men and bears du- ring the Palaeolithic in Europe En Quercy central, la chasse sélective de proies de grande taille est documentée par les corpus fauniques de nombreux gisements dès Regourdou site (Montignac, Dordogne) is especially known for the le Paléolithique moyen. Durant le Paléolithique supérieur récent, sub-complete Neanderthal skeleton, discovered in 1957 in fune- c’est surtout l’acquisition de proies de petite taille - notamment le ral context, which might be the most ancient burial of Europe. In renne - qui est privilégiée. Certains auteurs ont relié cette nouvelle fact, the level of the grave (IV) was allocated at the isotopic stage 5. orientation cynégétique à la rareté des grandes espèces dans l’envi- remains predominance (Ursus arctos) is generally rare ronnement. Or, à cette époque, tant les figurations pariétales (cel- in anthropic site and a human origin of its accumulation was pro- les de entre autres) que les registres fauniques de piè- posed (symbolism, funeral meals). ges naturels comme celui de l’Igue du Gral indiquent la présence The faunal study has underlined a large faunal spectrum. Nine un- effective de gibiers de grande taille en Quercy central. Pourquoi les gulate species are represented by 1201 bones and 43 individuals groupes humains du Paléolithique supérieur récent se sont-ils donc but it is the carnivores that largely dominate the assemblages with concentrés sur l’acquisition de petites proies ? Les données issues eight taxa (NISP 2763, MNI 51). Results introduced here focus on du site de plateau du Petit Cloup Barrat (Cabrerets) et de gisements the bear, which represents almost 65 % of the macrofauna material fouillés récemment dans la vallée du Lot (Les Peyrugues, Le Cuzoul with 2560 remains and 36 individuals. Zooarchaeological and ta- de Vers) apportent ici des éléments de réponse. phonomical data (skeletal part representation, sex ratio, mortality S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World profiles), compared with other European bear’s sites, suggest a na- during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster tural use of the cavity by bears. Nevertheless, cut marks are visible on three bear bones: this low CASTEL Jean-Christophe frequency suggests a punctual interaction between Neanderthals Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Genève, Département d’archéozoologie, CP 6434, CH-1211 and bears, corresponding to the model known for the majority of Genève 6, Switzerland, [email protected] the sites with bear exploitation (Ursus arctos and espe- cially spelaeus). The faunal remains at Roc-de-Marsal and game exploita- S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World tion in the Mousterian of Southwest France during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster The faunal remains from the upper levels at Roc-de-Marsal are CHAHOUD Jwana¹, CUCCHI Thomas², extremely abundant, with reindeer being the dominant taxon, fol- lowed by horse; other taxa are very rare. Ribs and shaft fragments DARVISH Jamshid³ & MASHKOUR Marjan² are abundant, with cutmarks and fractures for marrow extraction; 1, Archéorient UMR 5133, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, Université Lumière Lyon II, 7 rue Raulin, 69007, Lyon, France & Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Lebanese University, Beirut, extremities are rare. Teeth are less abundant, but do indicate va- . [email protected] rying ages of the individuals, while fetal bones indicate late winter/ 2, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : early spring habitation. In the lower levels red deer and roe deer sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected]; [email protected] dominate and the various skeletal elements are more equally re- 3, Rodentology Research Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. presented, though less well preserved. However, primary butchery, [email protected] disarticulation of the skeletons and marrow extraction are still visi- ble. In the upper levels hunting strategies seem to be very speciali- New data on Epipaleolithic ground squirrels, genus Sper- zed and focused on medium-sized game. Carcass processing is also mophilus (Mammalia: Rodentia, Sciuridae) in Iran very standardized. These facts are compared with other observa- tions obtained in the region. Spermophilus is composed of 41 holarctic species allocated into 6 S5-4. Variability in human hunting behavior during Oxygen Isotope Stages subgenera with a wide distribution in Eurasia and America. All 6 (OIS) 4/3: implications for understanding modern human origins, poster subgenera occur in North America, but only the subgenus Sper-

108 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 mophilus is represented in Eurasia. The specific diversity of ground cattle play a major role in the economy but also in the beliefs and squirrels during the Holocene is not well known on the Iranian ideology of the communities. The most spectacular example is the Plateau. Currently only the species Spermophilus fulvus is attested deposit of 5600 bucrania close to a Middle Kerma grave dated ca in open plains and semi desert steppes, limited to NE and NW of 2000 BC. Iran. The presence of ground squirrel in archaeological sites has The preeminence of cattle continue during Napatan and Meroitic been mentioned as Spermophilus sp. in the Epipaleolithic cave sites times (800 BC to 500 AD). (South-East of the Caspian Sea), in between of the modern distri- Some Meroitic sites from the Central Sudan show the presence of bution areas, which may suggest that diversity and spatial distri- large long-horned cattle but also of some humped bovines, with bution of ground squirrels in Iran has changed through time. This small horns, close to the zebu (Bos indicus L.). study consists of using traditional and Geometric morphometrics Finally, during the Medieval period, the economy of large kingdoms techniques to quantify the inter-specific cranial and dental varia- like Alwa, is mainly based on the exploitation of bovines. tion of current ground squirrel of Eurasia to refine the taxonomic Cattle pastoralism continue this tradition amongst the actual tribes identification of modern and archaeological ground squirrels in or- of the Southern Sudan, like Nuer, Murle or Longarim. der to provide clues on their past diversity and distribution in Iran. S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, oral In return this will provide some indirect information regarding local environmental changes and probably habitat variations made by CHAIX Louis man. Département d’archéozoologie-Muséum d’histoire naturelle-Genève, Suisse. louis.chaix@ S1-7, Geometric morphometrics in archaeozoology: bluewin.ch applications and perspectives, poster

CHAIX Louis Cattle, sheep, goats and dogs: gifts to the dead in Northern Sudan (5700 to 1500 BC) Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, 1, Route de Malagnou, CH-1211 Genève 6, Switzerland. louis. [email protected] Since the Neolithic, Northern Sudan delivered many cemeteries From comparative anatomy towards anthropozoology : with graves where domestic mammals are found near the death. a short story of European archaeozoology The main members of the live-stock (cattle, sheep, goats and dogs) are participating to the funeral practices. The comparative anatomy, more particularly the one of the animal During the Early Neolithic, in a grave dated from 5750, a skull of skeleton, is the essential base of archaeozoology. The presentation cattle (bucranium) testify of the importance of this animal in the will briefly approach the history and the development of this disci- religious world. pline, from Antiquity to the modern period, by showing progress in This tradition will continue during Late Middle Neolithic and Late the description and recognition of bone remains, particularly illus- Neolithic (4000-2500 BC). In the graves from Kadada and Kadruka, trated by Georges Cuvier (1769-1832). bucrania, whole goats and dogs were discovered. The 19th century sees appearing the beginnings of prehistory with Later, during the Kerma period, between 2500 and 1500 BC, new the searchs of Boucher de Perthes (1788-1868) and others which funerary customs appears : cattle bucrania are deposited outside testify to the contemporaneity of man with extinct or exotic animal the grave, in a well defined order, sometimes in great number. In species. the grave, complete sheep, goats and dogs are deposited near the Almost the same time, the discovery of Swiss lake-dwellings and dead. the many animal bones that they conceal, makes it possible Ludwig Meat offerings are often present, with butchered pieces of many Rütimeyer (1825-1895) to pose the bases of the modern archaeo- lambs , cut in a stereotypic way and placed in the north of the pit. zoology, while approaching since 1861, the anatomical description The participation of members of the live-stock in the funerary prac- of the species, their measurements, the traces left by man in the tices in Northern Sudan is a long tradition, typical of pastoralist course of operation as well as the origin and filiation of the various populations, with symbolic gifts like bucrania, but also with depo- domestic animals. sit of whole animals testifying of the high material value of these Under the impulse of this pioneer, researches on animal bones offerings. found in various archaeological contexts will develop in all Europe S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral and will be illustrated by different schools which are set up in seve- 1 ral countries. CHAMPLOT Sophie , GAUTIER The archaeozoology (or zooarchaeology) makes integral part of ar- Mathieu2, ARBUCKLE Benjamin3, chaeology then. It is nourished some but also provides the neces- 4 5 sary information for a better knowledge of the men in the past. BĂLĂŞESCU Adrian , Davis SIMON , 6 7 Opening Session, in honour of Aneke Clason EISENMANN Vera , GERMONPRE Mietje , MASHKOUR Marjan8, MORALES MUNIZ CHAIX Louis Arturo9, PETER Joris10, TOURNEPICHE Jean- Département d’archéozoologie, Muséum d’histoire naturelle- 1 route de Malagnou-CH- 1211 11 12 Genève 6, Suisse. [email protected] François , UERPMANN Hans-Peter , VILA Emmanuelle13, WEBER Jill14, Holocene cattle (Bos taurus L.) in the Sudan THIERRY Grange1, & GEIGL Eva-Maria1 The exploitation of various sites, mainly in Northern and Central Sudan, delivered bones of domestic cattle (Bos taurus L.). Already 1, Institut Jacques Monod CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, 15, rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, in Ancient Neolithic (7200-6500 BC), rare finds indicates the intro- France. [email protected]; [email protected]; geigl.eva- [email protected] duction of this animal in an economy based on hunting and fishing. 2, INRA, UMR de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France. The presence of a bucranium in a grave dated from 5750 BC show [email protected] 3, Department of Anthropology, Forensic Science and Archaeology, Baylor University, One Bear the importance of the cattle in the religious world. Place #97173, Waco, TX 76798-7173, USA. [email protected] In the Middle Neolithic (5000-4000 BC), pastoralism becomes the 4, Museum of National History of Rumania, National Centre of Pluridisciplinary Research, Calea principal way of life, announcing the first complex societies, like Victoriei, nr.12, sect. 3, cod poştal 030026, Bucureşti, Romania. [email protected] 5, Instituto Português de Arqueologia (IGESPAR), Avenida da Índia 136Lisboa, . Kerma. The cattle is the main member of the stock-breeding. These [email protected] animals are tall, with long horns. In some cemeteries from this pe- 6, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, MR 8569 et ESA 8045 du CNRS, Laboratoire de Paléontologie, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] riod, cattle skulls are deposited inside the graves. 7, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Department of Palaeontology, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 During the Late Neolithic and particularly during the Kerma period, Brussels, . [email protected]

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 109 8, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] CHILARDI Salvatore 9, Dpto. De Prehistoria y Arqueologia, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras, Universidad Autonoma de Laboratorio di Bioarcheologia – Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa, Via S. Caterina da Madrid, calle Darwin, 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain. [email protected] Siena 37 – 80135 , [email protected] 10, Institut für Palaeoanatomie und Geschichte der Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Kaulbachstr. 37/111, 80539 Munich, Germany. [email protected] muenchen.de Red deer hunters in the Neolithic of Sicily: a regional point 11, Musée d’Angoulême, Angoulême, France. [email protected] 12, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie of view des Mittelalters, Abteilung Ältere Urgeschichte und Quartärökologie, Zentrum für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, Rümelinstr. 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany. hans-peter. [email protected] Post-palaeolithic red deer remains from archaeological sites of 13, CNRS, Univ. Lyon II - UMR 5133, Archéorient, 7 rue Raulin, 69007 Lyon, France. emmanuelle. Sicily reveal some interesting trends when analyzed in a regional [email protected] perspective. 14, The University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 3260 South St., Philadelphia PA 19104, USA. [email protected] Red deer was the most important prey for palaeolithic and epipa- laeolithic Sicilian hunters and its importance obviously dramati- Phylogeography of the small equids cally decreased with the beginning of the Neolithic. But if on one hand Neolithic faunal assemblages coming from eastern Sicily We investigated the phylogeography of the small equids E. hydrun- (Stentinello, Matrensa, Megara Hyblaea) show very low percentage tinus, E. hemionus, and E. asinus in Eurasia during the middle-late of Cervus elaphus remains (from 1% to3% max.), on the other hand Pleistocene and the Holocene using both palaeogenetic and ar- in western Sicily sites like Grotta dell’Uzzo and Contrada Stretto- chaeozoological approaches. Our results, based on mitochondrial Partanna red deer remains are far more frequent, up to 16% of the DNA, suggest that morphological characters on bones and teeth mammals in the faunal assemblage. It seems that hunters tradition might be unreliable markers for the construction of Equid system- have a longer persistence in western Sicily, because wild species atics since this genus seems to be characterized by a high morpho- play an important role even in upper and final Neolithic strata. This logical plasticity. This may have allowed local morphological work tries to explain this interesting distributional trend both in an adaptations to various environmental conditions, creating ecomor- economic and ecologic point of view. photypes without speciation events. Moreover, our mitochondrial data reveal the population structure of E. hemionus showing that S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, poster extinct E. hemiones populations are strikingly distinct from each other and from extant the populations. Finally, we could also show CHIQUET Patricia the existence of hybrid species in the Near East S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster Laboratoire d’archéologie préhistorique, Département d’anthropologie et d’écologie, Université de Genève, Case postale, CH-1211 Genève 4, [email protected]

1 2 3 CHEN Xianglong , YUAN Jing , HU Yaowu , A propos d’une gestion spécifique des carcasses de cerfs HE Nu4 & WANG Changsui5 dans des villages littoraux néolithiques 1,The Joint Lab of Human Evolution and Archaeometry & Institute of Vertebrate and Paleoanthropology (IVPP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Xizhimenwai Street 142, La station littorale de Concise (canton de Vaud, Suisse) présente Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China; Graduate University, CAS, Yuquan Road 19, Shijingshan une importante séquence stratigraphique du Néolithique moyen, District , Beijing 100049, China, [email protected] 2, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), 27 Wangfujing Street, datée entre 3868 et 3516 av. J.-C. Les occupations, d’une durée Beijing 100710, China, [email protected] de l’ordre d’une à deux générations, bien sériées et reconnues sur 3, Department of Scientific History and Archaeometry, Graduate University, CAS, Yuquan Road plusieurs centaines de m2, ont livré de nombreux ossements très 19, Shijingshan District , Beijing 100049, China, [email protected] 4, Institute of Archaeology, CASS, 27 Wangfujing Street, Beijing 100710, China bien préservés. 5, Department of Scientific History and Archaeometry, Graduate University, CAS, Yuquan Road Les qualités propres à ce site ont conduit à aborder les restes os- 19, Shijingshan District , Beijing 100049, China, [email protected] seux du point de vue de leur répartition spatiale, dans la perspecti- Palaeodiet reconstruction of domestic animals in Taosi ve d’identifier les comportements de rejets mis en place au sein des occupations. Cette démarche a permis d’accéder à la structuration site, China: an investigation of Neolithic animal feeding globale des villages, à travers entre autres la reconnaissance des strategy chemins d’accès, des aires d’activités et des dépotoirs en relation According to the latest zooarchaeological data, husbandry played avec les bâtiments. a diverse social and economic role in the Yellow River valley in Late L’analyse des remontages osseux et du contenu des accumulations Neolithic. Accompanied by animal exploitation, livestock manage- laisse apparaître une gestion domestique des déchets. Celle-ci ment also turned to be more complicated than before. However, semble toutefois largement déborder du cadre de la cellule domes- compared with the former, few documents focus on animal feeding tique en ce qui concerne le cerf. En effet, plusieurs liaisons à longue practices carried out by Neolithic inhabitants in the region. distance entre différentes maisonnées ont été observées pour cette Taosi (4600~3900BP, ~300ha in area), the largest Neolithic earth- espèce, de même qu’une distribution spatiale des éléments anato- rammed-wall site in the Yellow River valley, is believed to be an miques qui varie en fonction de leur latéralité. Ce constat amène à economic and political centre in Linfen Basin, which was presum- s’interroger sur les raisons de cette gestion particulière, ainsi que ably the capital of Tang Yao. For natural vegetation characterized sur le statut accordé au cerf par les communautés néolithiques. by C3 plants while C4 millets were cultivated as a staple of human consumption and fodder for domestic animals, the measurement S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, poster of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of collagen of four domes- tic species (dogs, pigs, sheep, and cattle) from Taosi has allowed CHOYKE Alice the examination of feeding strategies, as well as the relationship Central European University, Budapest, Medieval Studies Department, Nádor u. 9, H-1051 between husbandry and millet agriculture. Budapest, [email protected]

The results clearly show that dogs and pigs were fed on C4 foods, which has been referred by previous work. Besides, an interesting Hidden Agendas: Social Aspects of Raw Material Choices phenomenon is first noticed that, while C plants dominated 3 Hard osseous materials have many special characteristics that sheep’s forage, C4 plants was in ascendant of cattle’s. Therefore, we propose the forms of ruminant rearing were complicated in Taosi. made them ideal in the production of a variety of tools and orna- Additionally, the elevated 13C values observed for dogs, pigs, and ments. In particular, bone tools are especially good for use on skins, cattle could be attributed to husbandry’s heavy reliance on millet sewing and textiles, bark processing and even ceramics. However, agriculture. efficiency is not the only reason a skeletal element from a particular S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: integrating isotopic and animal species might have been chosen to manufacture such ob- trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral jects. The first crucial step in the chaîne d’operatoire, raw material

110 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 selection, was just as much dependent on traditions of technical a link between the disappearance of the HP and climate change. style particular to a certain local or region. Knowledge of what ma- However, others have argued that environmental conditions kes on skeletal element a good raw material for a particular tool may have been similar during the two periods, meaning that or ornament would have been passed down between generations alternative explanations must be sought. Initial work with the while differences in choice of raw material also allowed people to fauna indicated a significant degree of variability in hunting be- create separate social identities from each other. The Bronze Age havior between the two phases; much of which did appear to was a time of increasing social complexity and hierarchical society. correspond with changes in the local environment. New faunal Various social narratives were reflected in regional choices of raw data from the immediately post-HP MSA layers provides a higher material to make particular kinds of tools. In addition, choice of raw resolution picture of the nature and timing of the changes in the materials could also be another way of demonstrating wealth and environment and in hunting behavior relative to the changes in status. Finally, the myths associated with animals and the attributes technology and material culture, and indicates that despite the ascribed to them is reflected in the amulets and ritual deposits of seemingly abrupt changes in material culture, changes in the special worked materials, found in graves and settlement materials. environment and in animal procurements strategies were more Never-the-less, identifying raw material in a heavily worked or frag- gradual in nature, with the largest changes taking place during mented artefact, while crucial, is by no means always a simple or the course of the post-HP MSA. The implications of these results straightforward process. The paper will discuss what can be learned to our understanding of human adaptive strategies during the from identification of the raw material and problems connected to MSA will be addressed. that identification. S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral

CISNEROS GARCÍA David Yiro CLARK Terence N. Posgrado en Estudios Mesoamericanos UNAM, México. [email protected] Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H 0PY, [email protected] Las representaciones de patos en Mesoamerica. Aproxi- Constructed Habitats: Kwakwaka’wakw Clam Gardens maciones iconográfica contextuales and the Production of a Resource Landscape Para las culturas mesoamericanas, la representación de la fauna w existente en el entorno ambiental con el cual interactuaban, fue This paper will examine the distribution of lúx xiwey or artificially una actividad constante desde inicios del periodo Preclásico. constructed clam gardens in the Broughton Archipelago of the Producto de esta relación, en el ser humano se despertó el inte- Northwest Coast of North America. Many of the area’s naturally rés, la fascinación, curiosidad y respeto por diversas especies de prevalent steep, rocky, beaches were intentionally altered by the animales, a tal grado que comenzaron a adjudicarles status mí- removal of cobbles and small boulders and their placement at ticos, divinos, sagrados, fantásticos. Una de estas especies fue el the low water line. This created a low rock wall feature at the pato. Sus representaciones están presentes desde el Preclásico extreme seaward edge of the beach which is only visible at a Temprano, continuando durante el Clásico y llegando hasta el very low tide. This served to trap sediment, altering the slope of Posclásico, abarcando diversas regiones mesoamericanas. the beaches and vastly increasing habitat for butter clam (Saxi- Esta continuidad en su manufacturación, aunado a la diversi- domus giganteus). The ubiquity of such features in the Brough- dad y el valor de los materiales utilizados para hacer estas repre- ton Archipelago represents true mariculture within a hunting sentaciones, nos deja las siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué impor- and gathering economy. This paper will examine the changing tancia tenía el pato para las sociedades prehispánicas?, ¿Cuáles spatial relationship between clam gardens and village locations eran las asociaciones y/o el simbolismo adjudicado a esta ave? as intensive mariculture was adopted. It is predicted that resi- El siguiente estudio es un intento por tratar de dar respuesta a dential settlements should shift from naturally advantageous estas incógnita, mediante un análisis iconográfico a un lote de locations to ones nested within a culturally created landscape of 44 piezas de diferente temporalidad y procedencia, siendo com- mariculture, as the need to maintain and defend clam gardens plementado por la información obtenida del contexto en que became a cultural imperative. fueron encontradas y por las referencias teóricas pertinentes a S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - Shells as dicho tema. indicators of palaeoenvironment, site formation and transformation, oral S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster CLAVEL Benoît & FRERE Stéphane Laboratoire d’archéozoologie de Compiègne, INRAP, UMR 7209, 21 rue des Cordeliers 60200 CLARK Jamie L. Compiègne, France, [email protected]; [email protected] Southern Methodist University Department of Anthropology, PO Box 750336 Dallas, TX 75275, USA. [email protected] Household wastes and bone craft activity in Strasbourg The complex interplay of environmental, technologi- (France) in the XVth century cal, and subsistence change during the Middle Stone A bone assemblage coming from the site “Strasbourg Tramway” Age at (South Africa) (France) reveals the existence of a very important refuse zone, mixing household wastes and pearl rubbishes from rosary ma- With its excellent organic preservation and extensive MSA depo- nufacture. sits, Sibudu offers a unique opportunity to study the nature and This production seems to experience an important development extent of variability in human behavior during an important pe- at the end of the Middle Ages. The supply in raw material pro- riod in human behavioral evolution. Sibudu is one of the only si- bably comes from slaughterhouses or butchershops of the city, tes that preserves the transition from the Howieson’s Poort (HP; and is mostly provided by mandibles and metapodus of cattle. ~70-55 kya) to the post-HP MSA. The HP is a substage of the MSA Wings bones from large birds are also used for making flutes. that shows evidence for innovative technologies including bac- According to bone domestic wastes, beef seems to have provi- ked and bone points, both of which may have served ded the main food supply. This fact is unique for the city of Stras- as points; these disappear at the end of the phase, when bourg, and is not known in other towns from northern France at there is a return to a more typical MSA pattern. Because the the end of the Middle Ages. date of the transition aligns closely with the shift from OIS 4 (a glacial) to OIS 3 (an interstadial), several scholars have proposed S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 111 CLAVEL Benoît & FRERE Stéphane The aim of this paper is supply this deficiency, studying a set of as- semblages from the North-East of Iberian Peninsula. The temporal Laboratoire d’archéozoologie de Compiègne, INRAP, UMR 7209, 21 rue des Cordeliers 60200 rd Compiègne, France sequence of these assemblages covers a range from the 3 Century BC to the 5th Century AD. A tannery workshop in Gournay-sur-Marne (France) The study of these faunal remains allows us to establish the general trends and the characteristics of the animal husbandry strategies Bone remains resulting from the excavation of a craft zone situated practiced in this period and evaluate the impact of these new stra- in the suburbs of the vicus of Gournay-sur-Marne (Seine-Saint-De- tegies on animal exploitation. nis, France) give evidence of animal skins preparation during the The data from demographic mortality profiles, sex-ratio and bio- Ist century A.D. The main part of this craft activity concerns mostly metrical analyses to characterize animal population trends, have young animals: primarily lambs but also sometimes calves and, revealed important changes. These changes are not homogeneous more rarely, fur species such as cats and beavers. It therefore seems and they don’t affect equally to all domestic species involved. The that the vellum might have been the main purpose of this craft pro- clear increase in cattle and sheep size between the 1st and 3rd Cen- duction. This fine and white material is particulary flexible and, after tury AD, make us think about the possibility of importation bree- tanning, can be used as a writing support. ding stock from geographical areas located outside Iberian Penin- Two skulls of domestic cat were found among the bone remains sula and probably beyond the limits of the empire, to improve local accumulated for skin tanning. It indicates the presence of the do- livestock. mestic form in Gaul as far back as the Ist century A.D. At this state S2-3, Empires, oral of research, these two cats are the oldest domestic cats known for the north of France. COLOMINAS Lídia S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia, Departament de Prehistòria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Bellaterra, 08193. Spain, [email protected]

Collins Matthew, Buckley Mike, Koon Specialization or reutilization? Study of the selection do- Hannah , Harland Jen , Jones Andrew, cumented in a raw material assemblage Thomas-Oates Jane , Wilson Julie, van An important assemblage of faunal remains and worked osseous Doorn Nienke, Hofreiter Michael & materials associated was recovered in a closed abandonment level Wadsley Marc of the Roman city of Baetulo (Badalona, Spain). The study of these materials has allowed us to characterize this assemblage as remains BioArCh, University of York Biology, Biology, S Block, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK. mc80@ york.ac.uk of raw and discarded bone material mainly composed by cattle me- tapodial remains of adult females. Zooms: zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry Metapodial is a skeletal element with good physical characteristics to obtain bone objects and bone tools. However, this anatomical Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry - ZooMS for short - is a no- element is actually discarded during butchery practices. So, a se- vel method of identification of animal remains composed of mine- condary utility also could explain its use. ralized collagen (bones, teeth, antler, etc.). ZooMS exploits (i) the speed and accuracy of modern soft-ioniza- The aim of this study is evaluate which criteria has domain the se- tion mass spectroscopy and (ii) the robust nature of collagen when lection of those homogeneous assemblage and which economical stabilized by apatite mineralization. In this presentation we will purposes were followed. The study of other assemblages recovered describe the basic method, and explain the underlying technology in the same abandonment level composed by faunal remains in- - which identifies animal remains using peptide mass fingerprints terpreted as butchery refuses will allow us to investigate this se- of bone collagen. lection. We will illustrate the strengths and limitations of the method, when S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster applied to a range of zooarchaeological materials, specifically we will contrast the relative merits of the approach to (i) mammal and Colonese André C.1, Clemente Ignacio2 & (ii) fish remains. Gassiot Ermengol3 The method appears to offer the ability to identify bone fragments to at least 1,000,000 years and could be linked to more conventional 1, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology (IMF-CSIC), Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia (UAB). AGREST (Generalitat de Catalunya). C/ Egipcíaques, 15, 08001, Barcelona, Spain. palaeogenetic analysis. Indeed we can envisage a close coupling [email protected] of ZooMS with 2nd generation sequencing techniques to build up 2, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology (IMF-CSIC), AGREST (Generalitat de Catalunya). C/ Egipcíaques, 15, 08001, Barcelona, Spain. [email protected] new tools for identification, sample selection and genetic analysis. 3, Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici B, Bellaterra, 08193, The potential for using ZooMS analysis to also assess the diagenetic Barcelona, Spain. [email protected] state of a sample will also be discussed. S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral Stable isotope composition of Polymesoda sp. shells (Bi- valvia: Corbiculacea) from Pearl Lagoon (Nicaragua):

COLOMINAS Lídia& SAÑA Maria Implications for environmental and cultural studies in Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia, Departament de Prehistòria. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. tropical estuarine environments Bellaterra, 08193. Spain. [email protected] , [email protected] Species belonging to the genus Polymesoda (Bivalvia: Corbicula- The impact of Roman Empire on animal husbandry stra- cea) are very frequent components in Atlantic transitional waters of tegies of Iberian Iron Age communities: Intensification of Mesoamerica. In Nicaragua, shells of Polymesoda sp. are abundant production and importation of animals in prehistoric shellmiddens and nowadays the genus is an impor- tant fishery product for human living in transitional waters. This The process of Romanization that took place in the Iberian Penin- contribution deals with the preliminary oxygen and carbon isotope sula finished with the implantation of a new political and economi- records from modern Polymesoda sp. shells collected in Pearl La- cal system in the 1st Century BC. This system involved new relations goon, in the east coast of Nicaragua. The most interesting feature of production with a high impact on the animal husbandry strate- is that ontogenic shell δ18O and δ13C track significantly fluctuation gies practiced by Iberian Iron Age communities. These changes on in salinity, which is mostly influenced by seasonal rainfall distri- animal husbandry had been disregarded and only few studies are bution over the region and river discharges. Given its abundance available. in archaeological sites, the δ18O and δ13C of Polymesoda sp. shells

112 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 can be used to reconstructs palaeosalinity and palaeohydrological Conard Nicholas J. 1 & 18 conditions at the time of shell collections. Furthermore δ O and 2 δ13C trend of archaeological shells can provide useful information Muenzel Susanne C. on seasonal exploitation patterns of estuarine societies. 1, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters, Abt. Ältere Urgeschichte und Quatärökologie, Universität Tübingen, Burgsteige 11, D-72070 Tübingen, nicholas.conard@ S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: integrating isotopic and uni-tuebingen.de trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, poster 2, Zentrum für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, Arbeitsbereich Archäozoologie, Rümelinstr. 23, D-72070 Tübingen, [email protected] 1 Colonese André C. , Hunting technology and dietary breadth in the Middle Zanchetta Giovanni2, Palaeolithic and of the Swabian Jura Dotsika Elissavet3, The Swabian Jura provides one of the best records in Europe for 4 Drysdale Russell Neil , the late Middle Paleolithic and the early Upper Paleolithic. Thus Fallick Anthony5, Grifoni Cremonesi the region offers a unique opportunity for identifying similarities 6 7 and differences in behavioural patterns during these periods. In Renata , Alcade , this context we assume that Neanderthals produced the Middle Manganelli Giuseppe8, Nebot Jordi9 & Paleolithic assemblages and that modern humans produced the Saña Maria10 early Upper Paleolithic assemblages. In southwestern Germany the Upper Paleolithic invariably begins with the Aurignacian. 1, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology (IMF-CSIC), Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia (UAB). AGREST (Generalitat de Catalunya). C/ Egipcíaques, 15, 08001, Barcelona, Spain. In this paper we discuss which prey species contributed to the diet [email protected] of people during both periods, as well as considering how game

2, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Pisa, Via S. Maria, 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy. animals were hunted and utilized. The paper presents the range of [email protected] 3, Institute of Material Science, Laboratory of Archaeometry, National Center for Scientific hunting technologies documented in both periods and confirms Research ‘Demokritos” 15310, Aghia Paraskevi, Attiki, . [email protected] the frequent suggestions that many new technologies can be do- 4, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. [email protected] cumented in the Swabian Aurignacian. We also test the hypothesis 5, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride G75 0QF, Glasgow, that the systematic exploitation of small game and fish provided Scotland. [email protected] modern humans with access to animal resources that were not ex- 6 ,Dipartimento di Scienze Archeologiche, University of Pisa, Via S. ploited by Neanderthals. Additionally, we examine how patterns of Maria, 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy. [email protected] 7, Institut Català de Recerca en Patrimoni Cultural, Parc Científic i land use and seasonality document continuity and change between Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona - Edifici Jaume Casademont the Middle Palaeolithic and the Aurignacian. The paper presents - Pic de Peguera 15 (la Creueta) - 17003 Girona, Spain. gabriel. new data from ongoing archaeozoological research at [email protected] and Geißenklösterle and places these results in the contexts of a 8, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, University of Siena, via P.A. regional research tradition that extends back to the 19th century. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy. [email protected] S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages 9, Museu Comarcal de La Garrotta, Carrer Hospici, 8, 17800 Olot, (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral Spain. 10, Departament de Prehistòria, Edifici B Campus de la UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. [email protected] Conolly James1, Colledge Sue, Dobney Environmental significance of stable isotope compo- Keith2, Stopp Barbara3, Horwitz Liora, sition of Early-Middle Holocene land snail shells from Manning Katie4 & Shennan Stephen7 archaeological succession of Central-Western Medi- 1,1600 West Bank Drive, K9J 7B8, Peterborough, CANADA. [email protected] terranean regions 2, Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, St Mary’s Building, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, United Kingdom. [email protected] Land snail shells are frequent component of archaeological 3, Institut für prähistorische und naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie (IPNA) Spalenring 145, CH- 4055 Basel, Switzerland, [email protected], deposits of different ages around Mediterranean basin. In this 4, UCL Institute of Archaeology, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, United Kingdom. study present the 18O and 13C of land snail shells (Pomatias [email protected] elegans) from two Holocene archaeological successions in the Central-Western Mediterranean basin: Bauma del Serrat del Spatial analysis of faunal remains recovered from PPNA Pont (NE Iberian peninsula) and Grotta di Latronico 3 (S Italian and PPNB sites in Southwest Asia peninsula). By comparing these data we evaluate the impact of modern and Holocene climate conditions on 18O and 13C This paper will present results of the biogeographic analysis of of shells at each of the two distinct locations. In spite regional faunal remains recovered from pre-pottery neolithic (PPN) sites in differences, Holocene shells from the above successions exhi- Southwest Asia, compiled from the recent AHRC project “Origins bit quite similar 18O and 13C patterns: are substantially lower and Spread of Stock-keeping”. We have identified and delineated than modern shells and seems to be consistent with other oxy- spatial and chronological patterns in animal exploitation patterns gen isotope data from both continental and marine records, from a sample of over 100 PPN sites in Southwest Asia. Spatial and indicating a persistent wetter phase and/or important changes statistical models have been used to identify the degree to which in air mass source-trajectories over this region. In general, 13C variation in the representation of major taxa in archaeological as- values do not present clear oscillations. However at Grotta di semblages is determined by ecological variables (e.g., precipitation 13 13 Latronico 3  C values suggest the transition from a slight C- and temperature and their periodicities, elevation and elevation 13 13 enriched to a C-depleted diet. The  C is particularly complex derivatives such as terrain ruggedness). This gives us significant to interpret, since the combination of vegetation type, environ- insight into understanding and explaining regional variation in mental conditions and atmospheric CO concentration, could 2 animal exploitation patterns. The significance of this work is three- be responsible for variability. The results demonstrate the sui- fold: (1) it integrates faunal data from hundreds of phases in an tability of stable isotopic composition of land snail shells from analytical framework at a scale that has not before been attempted archaeological successions of Central-Western Mediterranean for Southwest Asia; (2) it is methodologically innovative in its use regions for obtaining information on Holocene climatic condi- of spatial and analytical statistics to examine regional variability in tions. subsistence patterns; (3) it offers strong and testable models to ac- S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: integrating isotopic count for variation in subsistence behaviour and trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral S1-4, New developments in biogeography, oral

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 113 COOPER Alan1, AUSTIN Jeremy1, WOOD The high diversity of wild species from this site, including the oc- 1 1 currence of remains of birds of prey as well as their favorite prey Jamie , RAWLENCE Nicolas , THOMSON species, but also the complete absence of , altogether Vicki1, HUNT Terry2, BURNEY David3, suggests the use of falconry, a practice attested to in both periods. ANDERSON Atholl4, SPRIGGS Matthew4 & The appearance of geese in the garrison period is associated with important changes in the size of the trained birds.This particularly 5 GONGORA Jaime important site shows the evolution from resident to military use 1, Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. and permits to contribute to our knowledge of the management of [email protected] the birds during the shift from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance 2, Department of Anthropology, University of Hawai’i-Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 3, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kalaheo, HI 96741, USA period. 4, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra ACT Economic history studies show how important wool trade has been 0200, Australia in Europe since the 13th century. This study provides new informa- 5, Centre for Advanced Technologies in Animal Genetics and Reproduction, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia tion on everyday life in Florence as well as its surroundings, from the end of the Middle Ages to the early Renaissance period, i.e. a Ancient DNA based zooarchaeology of Pacific coloniza- time when the city started becoming one of world’s primary wool tion: Contact between Polynesians and South America? trading centres . S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral Recent work has challenged the finding that DNA sequences from pre-European chicken bones from multiple Pacific islands and Chile CORNAGLIA FERNÁNDEZ Jimena1,2 & (El-Arenal) indicated direct contact. Instead, the DNA sequences 3,4 were shown to originate from widespread European breeds (known BUC Natacha colloquially as the KFC marker) and provided equivocal evidence CONICET, 1; CEIA, 2 (FHUMyAR, Universidad Nacional de Rosario). Entre Ríos 758 (C.P. 2000 Rosario; Argentina), [email protected]; for dispersal routes. CONICET, 3; INAPL, 4. 3 de Febrero 1370 (C.P. 1426 Ciudad de Buenos Aires; Argentina), We have sequenced a range of pre-European chicken bones from [email protected] Hawaii, Niue, and Vanuatau - and over 70 modern chicken feathers from Hawaii, and the Marquesas. Along with recently sequenced Evidence of bone technology on the Santa Fe´s Pampa modern feathers from Vanuatu, and previous studies of bones from lagoons. The Laguna El Doce site (Santa Fe Province, Ar- Rapa Nui, phylogeographic analyses of this large dataset support a gentina) single wave of movement of chickens out of Indo-Phillipines along the line of Lapita colonisation. Interesting, the Indo-Phillipine ha- Animals exploited by the hunter-gatherer societies do not only plotypes have not been detected in any South American chickens, constitute an important food resource but also, their bones are ancient or modern. used in the manufacture of instruments. This paper aims to discuss KFC haplotypes were not observed in the ancient Pacific material, the exploitation of bone raw materials in the Laguna El Doce site, lo- suggesting the results of the initial study may represent either cated in the Pampa lagoon area of Santa Fe (NW sector from the Pam- contamination in laboratory consumables, or that KFC sequences pean Region; Argentina; 33° 54’ 20’’ S y 62° 08’ 43’’ W) and dated in are rare and potentially represent a second and subsequent move- the Late Holocene. ment of chickens into the Pacific. For this purpose, the archaeofauna and bone technology collec- As a result, the only evidence provided by chicken bones for direct tions were analyzed and compared. For the second we identify the contact between Polynesians and South America in the pre-Euro- bone used as support (anatomical units and taxa) and also take into pean period depends on the quality of the radiocarbon dates from account cutmarks and macroscopic polish in order to differentiate El Arenal-1, and potential complications such as marine carbon those marks caused by human slaughtering and tear from those contributions. resulting from use and manufactures. The artifacts were classified S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral into morphological groups according to their taxonomic catego- ries (considering order and species level) and the shape of its active CORBINO CHIARA Assunta end. Department of Historical and Geographical Studies, University of Florence, via San Gallo 10, Bone tools assemblages is composed exclusively of artiodactyla and 50129 Florence, Italy, [email protected] Lama guanicoe (guanaco) diaphisis. Precisely, those taxa confor- med the subsistence base for the societies under study. Therefore, A bird assemblage from a late medieval tower in Tuscany this paper focuses on archaeofaunistical and technological element (Italy) representations, along on the relationship among them. Finally, this paper provides a global understanding of the site´s faunistical exploi- The avifauna from the tower of Rocca di Campiglia (Livorno, Italy), tation and particularly, the Lama guanicoe. which was recovered during a 1996 excavation undertaken by the S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster University of Siena, includes 737 identified specimens. The remains come from two chronological contexts dated to the 13th and 14th CORONA-M Eduardo1, MARTÍNEZ- centuries. The analyses disclosed important information on the 1 2 breeding strategies adopted by the inhabitants of the site through MAGAÑA Ricardo & NAVA Guillermo time. The assemblage, abundant and fairly diversified, is dominated 1, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Centro INAH Morelos. Matamoros 14, Col. Acapantzingo, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62440, México, [email protected]; shofaun@ by domestic fowl (Gallus gallus), together with other domestic and netscape.net, [email protected] wild species. Statistically significant differences in the frequencies 2, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Facultad de Biología, Av. Universidad s/n, of anatomical elements of domestic fowl of the different periods re- Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. flect the shift in the use of the tower from a residence for nobles to a military garrison. The size and shape of domestic fowl, however, did The Mammoth of Yautepec, Morelos, México. Hunted or not change through time. Selected anatomical elements have been naturally dead? sampled to estimate the extent of medullary bone development. The analyses reveal the occurrence of only a small number of laying In recent years specimens of Mammuthus columbi were located females. The relative proportions of sexes, which was assessed by in the State of Morelos (México). This is one of the most southern bivariate scatterplots of measures of the femur, revealed a predo- points of their known Nearctic distributional range. The specimen minance of hens. The occurrence of a thin layer of medullary bone has a high completeness, however it calls the attention that some filling up the marrow cavity of sampled femurs proves that hens bones from extremities were not found in the excavation. Then, the were slaughtered at or after the end of the egg laying season. question is whether this specimen could be used for consumption.

114 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 This presentation discusses this possibility based on the skeletal re- characterization of physical properties of sediments of each site presentation of the specimen. though grain size analysis, in order to understand the reasons of S4-2, Mammoth extinction: environmental vs anthropogenic factors, poster the alteration and erosion of archaeological bones. S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster COSGROVE Richard¹ , FIELD Judith2, BRENNER- COLTRAIN Joan3, GARVEY Jillian¹, CHARLES COSTAMAGNO Sandrine 7 8 4 TRACES – UMR 5808, CNRS, Maison de la Recherche, Université Toulouse 2 – Le Mirail, 5 allées A. Bethan , PIKE-TAY Anne , WROE Steve , Machado, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France, [email protected] GOEDE Albert5, GRÜN Rainer6, AUBERT 6 6 3 Processing techniques for bone grease rendering in Mous- Maxime , LEES Wendy & O’CONNELL Jim terian context 1. Archaeology Program, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia,r.cosgrove@ latrobe.edu.au Fat is essential for hunter-gatherers who have a diet relying heavily 2. Electron Microscope Unit, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia on meat. In particular, fat is highly valued in temperate and subarc- 3. Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA. 4. School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia tic environments during seasons when ungulates are fat-depleted. 5. University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia. Marrow extraction techniques from medullae of limb bones were 6. Research School of Earth Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia 7. Department of Archaeology, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia. used early on by the Plio-Pleistocene Hominids. However,, techni- 8. Department of Anthropology, Vassar College, New York, USA. ques to mobilize the fat contained in cancellous bones may have Megafauna in Tasmania; the archaeological, palaeontological evidence and the puzzle of their demise emerged in the Upper Paleolithic. The presence of fire-cracked rock associated with pitted stone anvils and highly fragmented spongy Megafauna in Tasmania; the archaeological, palaeonto- bones indicate, without question, bone grease rendering by boi- logical evidence and the puzzle of their demise ling. Nevertheless, in most Paleolithic sites where this extraction technique has been proposed, fire-cracked rock and stone anvils The demonstration of direct human association with extinct fauna are seldom mentioned. An assessment of French Paleolithic sites in Australia has been elusive. Nowhere do we have the deep Pleis- with bone grease rendering will be carried out. After the establis- tocene deposits of the European sequences and, clear associations hment of the characteristics on these sites, the bone assemblages of artefacts and extinct animals only occur at two sites. This has of Les Pradelles and of la Grotte du Noisetier will be studied. Finally, led to intense debate over the stratigraphic integrity of megafunal we will discuss the processing techniques for bone grease rende- remains, associated chronologies and the reasons for their disap- ring that may have been used by the Neandertals. pearance. In Europe the reasons given for mammal extinctions are S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages climate change and human impacts. In Australia the arguments (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral that propose an exclusively human cause for extinctions have not demonstrated a clear human – megafauna stratigraphic associa- CRABTREE Pam tion. Recent suggestions of human induced megafauna extinctions New York University, Anthropology Department, 25 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003, USA, in Tasmania have relied on dating surface bone and unprovenan- [email protected] ced sediment in museum collections from non-human cave sites. As Tasmania was connected by a land bridge at 40,000 calBP that A New York Yankee in King Arthur’s court: Old World ar- allowed entry to humans after this time, Tasmania provides an ideal chaeozoology in North America—past, present and future ‘laboratory’ to test the impact of humans on a range of animal spe- cies, including megafauna. The oldest recorded sites are Warreen Although there are many scholars working on the zooarchaeology Cave dated to ca.35,000 BP (39,000 calBP) and Parmerpar Meetha- of Anglo-Saxon England, very few were trained in North American ner dated to ca.34,000 BP (37,000 calBP). However from the analysis Departments of Anthropology. In the UK, there is a long tradition of over 950,000 bones from late Pleistocene archaeological sites no of archaeozoological research, including faunal analysts working megafauna remains have been recorded. Here we examine why in Pleistocene, early Holocene, and later prehistoric and medieval this might be the case and offer various explanations. contexts. There is also a long tradition of North American archaeo- S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral zoologists working on Plio-Pleistocene faunas in the Old World and on the origins and spread of animal domestication, but a smaller COSTA Cláudia number of scholars have worked on faunal assemblages from later prehistoric and early medieval Europe. In many ways this is surpri- UNIARQ, University of Algarve, [email protected] sing since the later prehistoric and medieval period allow zooar- The myth of the acidity of soils in Alentejo region chaeologists an opportunity to study the emergence of complex (Southern Portugal) societies and the re-birth of towns in the post-Roman west, topics that are central to both processual and post-processual archaeo- Traditionally the absence or the poor preservation of bones (hu- logy. This paper will examine the history of connections between man or faunal) in the archaeological sites of the Alentejo region in zooarchaeologists working in the UK/Northwest Europe and North southern Portugal has been interpreted as the result of the acidity America, centering on those who are working in later prehistoric of the sediments. In the few cases that faunal remains were col- and medieval periods. I conclude with an assessment of the present lected, the assemblages were not studied and the archaeological state of later prehistoric Old World archaeozoology in the Americas reports only referred the presence of very poorly preserved bones and its potential for the future. without any possible identification. S2-6, Influencing, supporting and maintaining our profession: The present research undertaken in that part of the country, in past, present and future, oral part due to emergence archaeology motivated by Alqueva’s dam construction has brought to light large faunal assemblages and hu- CRÉPIN Laurent1, PÉan Stéphane1, Drucker man cemeteries, mainly from prehistoric times. The available data Dorothée2 & Patou-Mathis Marylène1 show that these collections come, generally, from negative struc- tures or deep strata and the bones tend to be well preserved. The 1, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Dpt Préhistoire, 1 rue René Panhard, 75 013 Paris, FRANCE. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] archaeological contexts from the top levels remain without bones. 2, Universität Tübingen, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, There is also some modern pH analysis of site sediments indicating Rümelinstr. 23, 72070 Tübingen, GERMANY. [email protected] values of 6,2 to 5,5. Alentejo region is an area characterized by a great diversity of New results of zooarchaeological analyses from early soils due to the geological variety, that’s why generalizations are Upper Palaeolithic settlements in Buran-Kaya 3 (Crimea, not correct. Thus I propose a technical approach concerning the Ukraine)

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 115 The rockshelter of Buran-Kaya 3 (Crimea, Ukraine), found in 1990 tages are present from the southern Northwest Coast where eth- by O.Yanevich, presents an exceptional stratigraphic sequence ran- nographic evidence indicates dogs were used for domestic wool ging from the Middle Palaeolithic to the Neolithic (from 40 000 to production. 5 000 ca. BP). S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: We will present and examine the evolution of subsistence beha- new approaches to communication and collaboration, poster viours between the three Aurignacian levels and the three Gra- vettians levels (s.l.) from this site, in the specific palaeoecological 1 2 context of Crimea during the OIS 3 event. Biogeochemical results CROKER Sarah , REED Warren & from the same bone material will complete environmental and die- DONLON Denise3 tary reconstruction of these ecosystems. 1, Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, Bosch Institute, Building F13, The University of Sydney, Those cultural assemblages include abundant lithic industries, hu- NSW, 2006 Australia, [email protected] man remains, attributed to Homo sapiens, bone industries, bone 2, Discipline of Medical Radiation Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe NSW 2141 Australia, [email protected] and molluscs ornaments, and worked mammoth ivory. New direct 3, Discipline of Anatomy & Histology, Bosch Institute, Building F13, The University of Sydney, 14C dating proves that this is one of the oldest evidence of modern NSW, 2006 Australia, [email protected] anatomical human settlements in Eastern Europe. In this paper, we will present the new results of zooarchaeological Thickness of bone cortex as an aid to distinguishing hu- and geochemical studies of large mammals sorted from excavation man from non-human bone fragments in 2001 and from the last excavation campaign which we began in 2009. The identification of bone fragments as human or non-human is S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World a common and crucial task in archaeology. Yet fragments lacking during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral diagnostic morphological features can be very difficult to identify, without employing costly and destructive techniques. It has been CRÉPIN Laurent1, LÁzniČkovÁ- suggested that the thickness of the bone cortex can be used to GaletovÁ Martina2 & PÉan Stéphane1 discriminate, yet virtually no data are available. This study explored this method, using bones from animals typically causing identifi- 1. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Dpt Préhistoire, 1 rue René Panhard, 75 013 Paris, France, [email protected], [email protected] cation problems in Australia. The humerus, radius, femur and tibia 2. Moravské Zemské Muzeum, Ústav Anthropos, Zelný trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic, of adult human bones of known age and sex were compared with [email protected] those of sheep, pigs, large dogs, cattle and kangaroos. X-rays were taken of all bones from two projections, so that four cortices were status of Reindeer and Horse in Central Eu- visualised at each of five measurement points down the shaft of rope (Moravia, Czech Republic) the bone. In general, bone thickness was related to body size of the taxon and function of the limb. Thus, human lower limbs were thic- The issue developed here concerns the status of large mammals in ker than sheep and dogs, similar to pigs and kangaroos, and less Late Upper Palaeolithic, between food resources, raw material sup- thick than cattle. The bipedal nature of the human and kangaroo ply and art representation, through crossed archaeozoological and was a possible reason for their thinner upper limb bones compared typo-technological analyses of faunal materials and bone artefacts, with most of the other quadrupedal taxa. Too many variables exist which comprise technical and symbolic items. We will present stu- to be able to completely distinguish human from non-human bone dies on materials from two main Magdalenian sites from Central using this method alone. However, through mapping different pat- Europe: Pekárna and Kůlna (Moravia, Czech Republic). These sites terns of bone thickness, this study provides useful information that are very rich in faunal materials and decorated artefacts, including may be applied as an additional tool in the identification of bone tools, weapons, ornaments and exceptional mobiliary art, particu- fragments. larly, engraved “spatulas” on horse mandibles in Pekárna. S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster The archaeozoological analyses allow us to characterize the hun- ting choices and modality of mammal exploitation, and to identify the function of the sites. To complete these data, the typo-techno- CROSS Pamela J. logical analyses of technical and symbolic artefacts, decorated or University of Bradford, Richmond Rd., Bradford, BD7 1DP, United Kingdom. p.j.cross@bradford. not, give us the possibility to discuss about the acquisition of raw ac.uk materials and, also, about the links between the figurative repre- sentations and their bone support. Finally, the economic and sym- Transforming the Dead: Human-Horse Burial tableaus in bolic status of the two well represented taxa, Reindeer and Horse, Early Medieval Europe for Magdalenian hunters, will be discussed. The interweaving of human and animal is found in all cultures from S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, poster the shaman’s merging with animal forms for spirit journeys por- trayed in ancient pictoliths, to the centaurs of classical Greece and 1, 2 CROCKFORD Susan MOSS Madonna & modern stories of werewolves. Manipulation of human and animal McKECHNIE Iain3 bodies as part of mortuary practices can be traced as far back as the Mesolithic in Europe, but is often not considered in post-Iron Age 1, Pacific Identifications Inc., Canada, [email protected] 2, Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, U.S.A., [email protected] contexts. In Early Medieval Europe a number of sites have examples 3, Laboratory of Archaeology and Department of Anthropology University of British Columbia, of the manipulation of horse and human burials to create distinc- Canada, [email protected] tive funerary tableaus, some of which indicate initial and succes- sive manipulation of the body parts, with some even suggesting Visualizing Domestic Dog Distribution Along the Coast of the purposeful creation of human-horse hybrids, or centaurs. Bu- Western North America rials considered here include examples from Gaul/Frankland (Fief- Dampierre, c.150 AD, Usseau, France; Childeric I, 482 AD, Tournai, Domestic dogs are present throughout the archaeozoolgical re- Belgium), Anglo-Saxon Britain (Sutton Hoo, c.650 AD, East Anglia; cord of North America but few studies have examined their chro- Sedgeford, c.750 AD, East Anglia) and Scandinavia (Birka, c.900 AD, nology and regional extent. Utilizing a map-based visual analysis, Sweden).This paper will analyse the Sedgeford burials to unders- this poster presents compiled dog data illustrating the chronology, tand their composition and deposititional history, compare them relative abundance, and geographic distribution of indigenous with the four other sites and attempt to place this practice within a dog remains along the western coast of North America. We note cultural context, utilizing ethnographic and historic sources. the ubiquitous presence of domestic dogs and indeterminate ‘canis sp.’ remains in identified assemblages. Strikingly high dog percen- S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral

116 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 CSIPPÁN, Péter The origin and human-mediated dispersal of pigs in China using zooarchaeological remains has remained challenging since its wild Field Service of Cultural Heritage, 13-17. Dugovics Titusz tér, H-1036 Budapest, Hungary, peter. [email protected] boar ancestors are widespread throughout Eurasia. Using Geome-

tric Morphometrics approaches to the study of molar tooth (M2) Households, symbols, rubbish! Horizontal distribution shape and size variations from modern and Neolithic suines, and and interpretation using Yangshao pigs as a surrogate for a Neolithic domestic breed, we have addressed the identification of morphological change Eating animals is a part of everyday life in the present and in the during the early steps of pig domestication in three early Neolithic past. In prehistoric times the processoion of the common meals sites where claims for pig domestication have been made. Phene- was a very important factor in everyday life that is strongly linked tic relationships have revealed clear and interpretable phenotypic to households. Basically, the process of consuming meat can be ob- signatures in the samples of modern and Neolithic pigs that pro- served in the highest and the lowest social and economic levels. vide evidence for pig domestication at the site of Jiahu from at least The highest level of it refers to the exploitation of animals and the 6600 BC cal., re-establishing the Yellow River region as one of the customs of meat consumption in a settlement. The lowest level earliest centres of independent Chinese pig domestication. that we can analyse by archaeological methods is, however, the S4-1: Contributions of archaeozoology in the study of human societies in South, household itself. The household is the basic social and economi- Southeast and East Asia from the Paleolithic to premodern era, oral cal unit that is reachable through archaeological investigations. So, what does it mean? How can we interpret the phenomenon of the CUENCA David & GUTIÉRREZ-ZUGASTI Igor household? The most important objectives of these units are, after Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, Ed. Interfacultativo Rathje and Wilk: Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain, a) production b) distribution c) transmission and d) reproduction [email protected]; [email protected] How can we connect these rules to the finds that come to light in the field? How can we analyse the diachronic phenomena of hou- Shell tools in an early Neolithic coastal site in the Canta- seholds, when we can only find the result of all the household ac- brian region (Northern Spain): experimental programme tivities? This problem is more complex still in the Hungarian Late for use-wear analysis at Santimamiñe cave Copper Age. In this period in the Carpathian Basin we do not know houses or houseplaces, or only very few. So, we must use different One of the most common debates on the Mesolithic and the early auxiliary scientifical methods such as statistics for the distribution Neolithic in the Cantabrian region (Northern Spain) has focused analysis, and semiotics for the interpretation. in the scarcity of lithic and osseous technologies in contexts with The objective of my presentation is to show the relationship large accummulations of shells. So far, several explanations have between households and everyday rubbish: the animal bones. been maintained, as differences in the use of the space, a larger use S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: of perishable materials as wood or changes in subsistence strate- bringing methodology to bear on social questions, oral gies. However, seven shells used as tool have been identifyied in the early Neolithic of Santimamiñe cave (Basque Country, Spain), CUCCHI Thomas1,2 , BĂLĂŞESCU Adrian3, which is the first evidence of this kind in the region. So, we propose KOVACS Zsofia4, TRESSET Anne1 & as hypothesis that shells were used as tools by these human groups in productive activities. To confirm or refuse the results obtained 1 VIGNE Jean-Denis through the application of functional analysis on these seven to- 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : ols, we have developed an experimental programme with different sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. mollusc shells that have been tested on wood, dry/fresh animal 2, Archaeology Department, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK 3, National History Museum of Romania, National Center of Pluridisciplinary Research, skin and non-woody plants. From a traceological perspective, we Bucharest, Romania have checked the variables implied in this activities and they have 4, Department of Archaeometry and Archaeological Method, Eötvös Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary provided enough information to compare the experimental results with the archaeological ones. Finally, the results from the experi- Of mice and men in Europe: zooarchaeological overview mental programme have allowed to confirm the utilization of these and perspectives on the story of a worldwide invader shell tools in varied activities related with processing wood, plants and skin. The house mouse is the most widespread human commensal and S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster one of the most threatening invasive species for both Biodiver- sity and Human health. Nonetheless, the dynamic of its invasion Cuijpers Saddha in connection with human history are still to be documented and Institute for Geo- and Bioarchaeology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De understood. Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands ([email protected]) On the basis of zooarchaeological evidences, this paper will pro- vide an overview on the factors and vectors of the Human niche Histological identification of oxen metapodia - a prelimi- construction that has driven the commensal behaviour and the nary study invasive process of house mouse in Europe. This paper will be fol- lowed by new results of ongoing research in South-eastern Europe Whether cattle were used for traction can be an important ques- and Transcaucasia as well as perspectives of future research. tion in archaeozoological studies. The presence of oxen is a clear S1-2. Animals, plants and new worlds: from exotic trading to biological indication for the use of cattle as draught animals. However, sexing invasions, a bioarchaeological approach, oral cattle by means of measurement on e.g. horn cores and metapo- dia can be difficult due to small sample sizes and fragmentation. 1,2 2 CUCCHI Thomas , HULME‑BEAMAN Ardern , A histological study of cattle long bones showed that the general YUAN Jing3 & DOBNEY Keith2 primary bone structure consists of fast-growing (fibro-lamellar complex) bone types. Ten metapodia of known sex were studied to 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] see if the bone structure in oxen differs from those in cow or bull. 2, Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, UK, [email protected] At the periost, oxen metapodia show a thick layer of slow-growing 3, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, China, [email protected] primary bone (lamellar bone types). The layers were between 500 and 3000 μm thick. Their thickness relative to the whole cortex at New Evidence for Early Neolithic pig domestication at Jia- that point varies between 3,7 % and 42,9 %. This was not observed hu, Henan Province, China: clues from molar tooth shape in cow or bull metapodia. While the secondary bone structure is in- analyses using geometric morphometrics approaches fluenced by age and mechanical strain, the primary bone structure

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 117 is determined by growth rate. Early castration affects the growth of domestic mammal size was reduced, in both Western and Eastern oxen, resulting in long and slender metapodia. The closure of the settlements, due to lower productivity of quality foliage. If so, it may epiphyses generally occurs later. Also, no corresponding increase be possible to use such biometrical data as a proxy for changes in in radial growth occurs. These changes cause a slowing-down of climate or productivity. the histological growth rate, expressed in a thick layer of primary S3-1. Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral lamellar (slow-growing) bone types at the periost. Further study on a larger sample is needed to explore the possibilities of identifying Dalton Kevin oxen metapodia by means of histology. California State University, 400 West First Street, 95929, Chico, UNITED STATES, lavabeachmc@ S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, poster gmail.com Cuijpers Saddha Group Size and Hunting Technological Influence on the De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, THE NETHERLANDS, [email protected] Distribution of Hunting Features in the Prehistoric Wes- tern Great Basin, U.S.A. Distinguishing between animal and human bone frag- ments – a histological identification method The social and technological aspects of foragers influence their utilization and exploitation of key recourses, of which artiodactyls When dealing with small bone fragments, telling animals and hu- are one. Data from an extensive survey in the western Great Basin, mans apart is not always feasible. The possibilities of bone histo- U.S.A are used to discuss how hunter-gatherer strategies of large logy as an identification method were explored. Mid-diaphyseal game acquisition influenced the geographic placement of prehis- bone structure in horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and humans was toric hunting enhancement features, such as rock blinds, , investigated to obtain information about the general bone struc- and linear alignments. The observed patterning in the spatial po- ture. sitioning of the features are shown to be consistent with expecta- Firstly, the bone structure in horses and cattle was compared with tions derived from Optimal Foraging Theory. Results show that the juvenile and adult humans. The general primary bone structure in spatial placement of hunting features is likely affected by group horses and cattle consisted of fibrous bone as opposed to lamellar size and the performance characteristics of the . bone in humans. Also a difference in the secondary bone structure S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster was found. The Haversian canals in horses and cattle often display 1 reticular canals coming out of them, which was not observed in D’ANDREA Catherine & WOLDEKIROS humans. The applicability of these two histological differences was Helina S.2 tested blindly on 15 archaeological bone fragments. All of the his- 1. Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC Canada V5A 1S. adandrea@sfu. tologically identifiable fragments were correctly attributed ca Secondly, the bone structure in sheep, goats and pigs was compa- 2. Washington University, Campus Box 1114, Saint Louis, USA. [email protected] red with human children. The same differences in primary and secondary bone structure Animal Remains from the Pre-Aksumite site of Mezber were observed. But, children below the age of 1 also showed fibro- (Ethiopia) lamellar bone structure. Its composition, however, differed from the medium-sized animals. The blind test on archaeological bone Fauna from the pre-Aksumite (800 B.C.E – C.E 150) site of Mezber fragments got all of them correctly identified. provides insights into animal use in a rural area of ancient Northern All the histological differences can be observed in burned bones. Ethiopia. Cattle comprise a higher component of the assemblages To broaden the possibilities of histological identification, other ani- in earlier levels than in later levels. Taxonomic and metrical analy- mal species and bones could be studied. ses indicate that cattle breeds were large. The presence of domestic S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster chicken in the pre-Aksumite period may be tied to early trade in the region. An ethnoarchaeological study completed in the Afar region CUSSANS Julia E. also demonstrates the likely role of pack animals in trade and as a source of wealth for the Aksumites. Division of Archaeological, Geographical and Environmental Sciences (AGES), University of S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, poster Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, [email protected]

Biometry and Climate Change in Norse Greenland: the DARÓCZI-SZABÓ László effect of climate on the size and shape of domestic mam- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Humanities, 1088 Budapest, Múzeum körút 4/b, Hungary, [email protected] mals Was horse meat really banned in Medieval Hungary? Recent studies of live sheep have shown that changes in climate have brought about changes in the size and stature of animals After the conquering Hungarians, representing a mobile pastoral li- studied. Other past studies in agriculture and palaeobiology have festyle arrived in the Carpathian Basin (10th century AD) and slowly also shown that one of the major factors in determining adult body converted to Christianity, they had to adopt several new regula- size is availability and quality of nutrition. In turn the availability of tions. One of these was presumably the prohibition of horse meat quality pasture and fodder, particularly in a relatively isolated island consumption. While written references to this ban are yet to be dis- community, is almost entirely determined by climate and seasonal covered in Hungary, analyses of 11–16th century archaeozoological weather fluctuations. Rainfall, latitude and temperature all affect assemblages in Hungary indirectly indicate the existence of such productivity of pasture and fodder. In temperate regions, lower regulations. From the numerous assemblages (mainly food refuse) summer temperatures can greatly inhibit foliage growth and hence only a small number of horse bones occurred, showing only insigni- the availability of quality nutrition. ficant signs of butchering or consumption. The common explana- The case of the Norse Greenland settlement is particularly inte- tion for this fact was that horse meat consumption survived only in resting due to its short-lived nature and the apparent influence of small, isolated villages, and it was a practice of other pastoral com- climate on its initial success and then eventual failure; in addition munities, most specifically the Cumanians, who arrived to the Car- good quality climate proxies (GISP2) are available for comparison. pathian Basin centuries after the Hungarians. Recent excavations Previous research by the author suggested that animals tended from the area and immediate neighborhood of the Royal Palace to be smaller in the climatologically poorer Western settlement (Buda Castle, Budapest, Hungary), the very administrative center of and larger in the Eastern settlement. It is hypothesised that over medieval Hungary, brought to light hundreds of thousands of ani- the course of the settlement as the Little Ice Age took hold, that mal remains, including a number of butchered horse bones from

118 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 the 15-16th century. The aim of this presentation is the reappraisal taphonomical analyses. The exploitation of carcasses of cave bears of horse meat consumption, in order to determine its importance individuals and their contemporaneity with the human presence/ and distribution in light of the newly analyzed assemblages. activity is turned out. However the main presence of the bears re- S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster flect different occupations. These results show evidence for a mixed function of the site: kill- and/or scavenging-site for humans and DARÓCZI-SZABÓ Márta den/shelter for carnivores. S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, poster Eötvös Lóránd University, 1088 Budapest, Múzeum körút 4/B, Hungary, [email protected]

From the Past to the Present: Archaeological bone tools DATTA Asok Department of Archaeology, University of Calcutta, 116/6/3, K.P. Mukherjee Road, P.O. BARISA, and their replication in use Behala, 700008 Kolkota, West Bengal, , [email protected] Between 2003 and 2004, part of an AD 8-9th century settlement Archaeozoological materials in West Bengal: a study on from the late Avar period (Debrecen-Bordás-tanya) was excavated in Hungary by the Déri Museum. The archaeozological material subsistence and environment (about 2300 pieces) contained 73 bone tools. The greater part of it The present paper deals with animal remains from prehistoric, (56 pieces) were points made from sheep or goat tibia and proto-historic & historical periods in West Bengal to understand the tools made from cattle rib. The raw material is very standarized, it nature of environmental patterns & the subsistence strategies of suggesting that these tools were used in a special craft activity. To people in different cultural periods as reflected in the bio-diversity know their exact function I will run some experiments, to copy the of the land. Modern dietary & climatic preferences of animals were tools and use them on many different materials to show that the the same as in prehistory and there is little difference between ha- homogeneity in raw material is mirrored by similar homgeniety bitats of past & present. Thus modern animal habitats can be mea- in manufacturing style and function. Then, I will compare them to ningfully utilized to reconstruct past habitats and animal remains other late Avar material which tend to be much more variable in can provide information as to whether it was forested or open gras- terms of raw material. S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster sland & whether it was hot or humid or cold. In West Bengal, the Acheulian culture is concen- trated in three major river valleys: Gandheswari, Tarafeni & Suvarna- DASCHEK Éva J. rekha with more than 100 Acheulian sites reported so far, yielding Archaeozoology Laboratory, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle – Institut de paléontologie thousands of stone artifacts & large numbers of vertebrate fossils. humaine, 1 rue René Panhard 75013 Paris, France, [email protected] – [email protected] Similarly the proto-historic culture known as Chalcolithic/BRW is distributed over three types of soil formations: red soil, old alluvium The Kiskevély cave: archaeozoological analysis of a Hun- & new alluvium, with major concentrations in the Ajoy-Damodar garian Mousterian site river valleys. There are 82 Chalcolithic/BRW sites of which 12 have been excavated yielding large numbers of animal remains. Similarly Research on the Middle Palaeolithic of Hungary has particularly the excavation of historical sites has also yielded large collections. developed for the last years. Methodological evolutions, in particu- The study of these remains can throw significant light on the lar archaeozoology, have brought a new impetus and new issues. contemporary landscapes, environments and subsistence strate- Joining this tendency, stone tools of the Kiskevély cave was re-exa- gies of the people in different cultural periods in West Bengal. mined in the first half of the 1990s, but no archaeozoological study S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, has been carried out of the osseous material from the site. We pre- Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral sent a new archaeozoological and, for bones, geometric morphometrics analyses of the level 4 of the site. Our main goal Daujat Julie1,2, Vigne Jean-Denis1 & was to understand the taphonomic history of this assemblage and 2 to estimate the human role in its constitution. Generally present DOBNEY Keith in large quantities in the Hungarian archaeological sites, the cave 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : bear remains bring up the question of their (possible contempo- sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected], [email protected] rary) relation with human occupation in the site. 2. Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, St Mary’s Building, Elphinstone Road, S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, poster Aberdeen AB24 3UF. [email protected]

DASCHEK Éva J. Archaeology of an endangered species: assessment and Archaeozoology Laboratory, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle – Institut de paléontologie first results about the Mesopotamian fallow deer in Cy- humaine, 1 rue René Panhard 75013 Paris, France, [email protected] – [email protected] prus and the Near East

New archaeozoological data from Middle Palaeolithic The Mesopotamian fallow deer (Dama dama mesopotamica) is site of Érd (Hungary) currently an endangered species (listed as ENDANGERED on the IUCN Red List since 2008). No actual wild populations seem to exist The Mousterian site of Érd is located in Transdanubia (Hungary). anymore and the pure species is only found today in Iran. Actually, It was interpreted in 1968 as a long-term campsite of hunters of most of the zoological populations living elsewhere (and in cap- cave bear and ungulates, on the basis of the undeniable presence tivity) have been possibly interbreeding with the European fallow of Neandertalians due to their tools and the left structures, as well deer (Dama dama dama). Since many archaeozoogical studies rely as due to the “open air” nature of the deposit. This site is neverthe- on modern comparative collections, it is crucial to gather all possi- less more complex in its function and in its history: large number of ble information about this species, particularly a reliable osteologi- bears with sexual dimorphism all along the stratigraphy, presence cal modern database. Considering the vulnerability of this species, and traces of hyaenas, traces indicating human activity on bones. a strong knowledge on both biology and palaeobiology of the spe- Even if mainly taxonomically determined bones are recovered cies, on both ecological and anthropological aspects is critical for only in the institutions, our re-examination of the bone remains sustainable management and may help conservation biology for partly differs from previous interpretations. Archaeozoological managing natural environments and endangered species. analysis shows that the palaeolithic occupations are attested, but Indeed, the biology and the geographic distribution of this spe- the human role must be reconsidered and seems very limited in cies during the ancient times are still unknown. Nevertheless, it the constitution of the faunal assemblages. The excepted role of has been reported from the Holocene in archaeological sites of the cave hyaena is undeniable, according to paleontological and the Near East, from Iran to the Anatolian coast and even in Cyprus.

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 119 Archaeological sites from the latter island country provided large mesopotamica further east with a possible frontier between them bone assemblages of Mesopotamian fallow deer. somewhere between the modern towns of Alanya and Mersin in The recent archaeozoological research in Cyprus have produced southern . The pre-Neolithic endemic Cypriot fauna com- evidence that it was not native of the island but it has been intro- prised pygmy hippo and elephant and man was absent. People first duced by humans to Cyprus 10,000 years ago, together with early arrived in Cyprus in the 9th millennium BC together with mainland domesticated ungulates. From this period and throughout the animals like sheep, goat, cattle and pig. Also included was the Me- Neolithic and the Bronze Age, it played a major role in the Cypriot sopotamian fallow deer – whose identification provides a clue to Neolithic human subsistence. This appears to be a unique situation the origin of these first human settlers – east rather than west of in the Near East. Mersin. Whether the Neolithic Cypriot Dama was hunted, imparked This poster will present an assessment and the first results of an on- or domesticated is unknown, and this animal is now extinct on the going multidisciplinary research on the Mesopotamian fallow deer, island. which is basically to understand the process of introduction of this Turning westwards, in England, Spain and France, there is little evi- species on Cyprus, its exploitation through the times until its ex- dence for fallow deer until the Roman period. Recently we identified tinction, possibly at the end of the Middle Ages or Modern Times. 6 bones of D. dama from two Roman sites in Portugal – the earliest Lusitanian evidence for this animal – which corroborates the idea S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral that the Romans were responsible for the spread of Dama in the west. Unlike Cyprus, this animal survives today thanks to protection DAUJEARD Camille1, FERNANDES Paul1, in the royal hunting grounds and there is documentary evidence GUADELLI Jean-Luc1, MONCEL Marie- for fallow deer in Portugal in 1253 AD. Hélène2, RAYNAL Jean-Paul1 & S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral SANTAGATA Carmen1 DAVIS Simon JM 1, Université de Bordeaux I Sciences et Technologies, UMR 5199 PACEA, IPGQ, Bâtiment B18, Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, FRANCE GESPAR, Avenida da Índia 136, Lisbon, Portugal. [email protected]; [email protected] [email protected] 2, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle-CNRS, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1, rue René Panhart, 75013 Paris, FRANCE A brief ABC of zooarchaeology for DNA people, or how we study bones Neanderthal subsistence strategies between Middle Rhô- ne valley and Massif Central mountains during MIS 7 - 3 Zooarchaeology began in the 1970s although archaeological re- mains of animals were studied for over a century before and helped The new investigations done since 2005 on four samples of the us understand our great antiquity. middle Rhône valley (Le Figuier, Abri du Maras, Baume Flandin et This talk, aimed for the non-zooarchaeologist, will explain how we Ranc Pointu 2) and in the southern mountainous zone of the Massif work and the data we use to “the big picture”. Our discipline Central (Saint-Anne 1) allow us to collect new data on the Middle suffers difficulties and limitations; two important ones being poor/ Palaeolithic of this area, both on chronological and environmental differential conservation and recovery. evidences, and on behavioural and eating patterns. The southeas- Initially bones are sorted and identified to taxon and part of ana- tern Massif Central region makes it possible to examine the Nean- tomy. The importance of a reference collection to aid identifying derthal occupation modes in a zone of circulation linking medium specimens accurately is emphasized. Bones of many closely related altitude territories to the Rhône corridor. This work aims to definite taxa like sheep and goat, horse and donkey are often impossible to sites occupation and territories management types by the zooar- identify to species. Zooarchaeologists tend to use their own parti- chaeological data. By comparing the data of ten faunal samples, cular recording methods. These may include every fragment or a three types of sites are distinguished by their durations and types few more easily identified bone-parts. of subsistence strategies. The human occupations are either brief Our data, mostly quantitative, include presence/absence of taxa, stopping-places, or short-term regular hunting camps intersper- their frequencies, body-parts represented, age-at-death and sex, sed with some carnivore passages, or more long-term residential and measurements. Other observations include cut, burn, patho- camps. During these occupations, humans used various technical logy and digestion marks. behaviours and toolkits whatever the age, from MIS 7 to 3, regar- Zooarchaeology helps not only to understand a site, but with chro- dless of environmental conditions. One of the main features of this nological and spatial series patterns can be recognised. We aim to area lies in the great homogeneity of behaviours within sequences. understand the chronological development man-animal relations. This homogeneity, linked to the variability of the sites occupations, Some of the main subjects include: palaeo-environmental recons- supports the hypothesis of human groups anticipating their land truction, hunting pressure, extinctions and introductions, the chan- use and allows to propose another kind of circulating model in this ge from hunting to husbandry, seasonality, what animals were used area. for. S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral DEBRUYNE Régis, DEVAULT Alison M., ENK DAVIS Simon J.M.1 & MACKINNON Michael2 Jake E., SZPAK Paul & POINAR Hendrik N. 1, IGESPAR, Rua Bica do Marquês 2, Ajuda, Lisbon, Portugal [email protected] or [email protected] Ancient DNA Centre, McMaster University, Dept. of Anthropology, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton 2, Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 2E9 Canada L8S 4L9, ON, Canada [email protected] Where hypotheses collapse, collide, or converge: structure Fallow deer in Cypriot pre-history and Portuguese histo- and timing of the divergence of the mammoth lineages ry - some zooarchaeological finds that shed light on our Neolithic and Roman ancestors Over the last two decades, the knowledge about the divergence of the different lineages within Plio-/Pleistocene mammoths has seen Fallow deer are gentle animals and easy to tame and impark. The major upheavals. Our understanding of a steady transformation wi- two species, Dama dama, and D. mesopotamica in Europe and the thin a mere chronospecies has been shaken by the re-assessment Near East respectively, are easily distinguishable via size and ant- of paleontological evidence depicting the evolution of mammoths ler morphology. In the early Holocene both were probably limited as a series of divergence events, implying a mosaic of contempo- in distribution with D. dama in west and central Anatolia and D. raneous groups at different evolutionary stages. Not only can we

120 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 observe the general patterns of structural accentuation in mam- DEFRANCE Susan moth cranio-dental features in temporally distinct stages, but also University of Florida, P.O. Box 117305, Department of Anthropology, Gainesville, FL 32611, in contemporaneous, geographically separated lineages. [email protected] Supplementing the anatomical evidence, recent genetic research on Late Pleistocene mammoths (implementing ancient DNA phylo- Diet and Use of Animals at Two Sites in Spanish Colonial geography and genomic studies) has sparked its own set of contro- Potosí versies. These offer contrasting models of the regional and tempo- ral origins of the observed diversity in these populations. Spanish colonization of the Americas was accompanied by changes However, a re-assessment of the total evidence –including new in local food production, distribution, and consumption practices. genetic results– yields congruence between molecular and pa- In Upper (modern Bolivia), the colonial fusion of Eurasian ani- leontological theories on mammoth history, emphasizing the once mals and Andean resources resulted in the emergence of colonial claimed and little realized goal of ancient DNA studies. On the practices that were distinct in the Americas. Few studies have exa- structure and timing of mammoth evolution, this assessment re- mined the colonial use of animals in high elevation mining centers. solves what may have once been seen as an inevitable collapse or Excavations of colonial sites in Porco, Bolivia demonstrate that the collision between divergent theories. indigenous workers who resided in the mining communities adop- S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral ted relatively few animals of Eurasian origin. A zooarchaeological analysis indicates that the majority of the fauna is of local origin. 1 1,2 The pattern of animal use at Porco contrasts with animal use at the DE CUPERE Bea & VAN NEER Wim colonial site of Tarapaya where Spanish residents overcame obsta- 1, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium, cles of distance, spoilage, and transport to acquire animals of Eura- [email protected], [email protected] sian origin, particularly caprines and chickens, as well as diverse 2, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity and Systematics, Ch. Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, [email protected] foodstuffs. In this presentation I discuss the significance of these contrasts in colonial life and diet in Upper Peru. Camel, how shall I call you ? S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, oral

Excavations at the Castle of Aqaba (Jordan, 13th – 20th century AD) DEFRANCE Susan and at the town of Apamea (Syria, Late Roman to Middle Islamic pe- Department of Anthropology, PO Box 117305, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. riod) have yielded numerous camelid bones. Using the osteomor- [email protected] phological differences that have been described in the literature to distinguish between the two-humped or Bactrian camel and the Animals and Social Distinction at the Wari site of Cerro one-humped camel or dromedary, most of the archaeological ma- Baul, Southern Peru terial can be identified as dromedary, as could be a morphology typical of dromedary are very large. They fall outside The Wari Empire was one of several Middle Horizon states (ca. A. the ‘normal’ size range of dromedary and may represent castrated D. 600-1000) to arise in the Central Andes. The Wari originated in animals. In addition, there are a few bones that best resemble the the Ayacucho region of central Peru. They established colonial out- Bactrian camel both in morphology and in size, while other bones posts in many areas. At the site of Cerro Baúl located in far southern display some characteristics that are intermediate between camel Peru, the Wari established an administrative capital on the summit and dromedary. Possibly these latter specimens represent hybrids. of a steep-sided mountaintop. All food and resources had to be Using modern reference collections, osteometrical data of camel brought to the summit. The distribution of animal remains in elite- and dromedary are explored and new morphological criteria are occupied architecture indicates that the Wari acquired diverse ani- established to further aid in the identification of these camel bo- mals for both food and non-food symbolic functions. Animals were nes. used to create internal social distinction. The Wari relied on local pastoral production for most of their subsistence needs. However, S1-3, Old World Camelids, poster they acquired exotic non-food animals and engaged in long-dis- tance trade including contact with coastal regions. Exotic animals 1 2 De Cupere Bea , Baeten Jan & included condor, mountain lion, and colorful birds. Fish obtained De Vos Dirk3 from the Pacific littoral over 60 km away include over nine varieties of marine finfish. This poster presents intra-site variability in social 1,Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [email protected] function including feast and ritual areas across the site using the 2, Centrum voor Oppervlaktechemie & Katalyse, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23 - bus 2461, B-3001 distribution of animal remains in buildings and rooms across the Heverlee, Belgium. [email protected] site. 3, Centrum voor Oppervlaktechemie & Katalyse, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23 - bus 2461, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [email protected] S2-3, Empires, poster

Milk production at Bademağacı (SW Turkey) during the Defrasne Claudia1 & Bailly Maxence2 Early Neolithic? Archaeozoological data and residue 1, UMR 6636 LAMPEA [email protected] 2, Maison mediterraneenne des science de l’homme, 5 rue du chateau de l’horloge, 13100, aix- analysis combined en-provence, FRANCE

The site of Bademağacı (Antalya province, SW Turkey) was occu- The wild side of power and ancestors : deer in Late Neoli- pied from the 7th millennium BC up to the Early Bronze Age pe- riod. Archaeozoological analysis of the faunal material showed that thic alpine forelands the subsistence of the inhabitants was mainly based on domestic Since neolithic beginnings in continental Europe (+/- 6500 CAL BC), sheep, goats, cattle and pigs. Slaughtering ages of the small lives- deer and humans are obviously involved in a peculiar relationship. tock indicated that they were probably not only herded for their Looking at Late Neolithic contexts in the alpine range and forelands meat, but also for their ‘secondary’ products from the Early Neoli- (eastern and southern France, Switzerland, northern Italy) provide a thic onwards. Sherds from the latter period were subjected to re- wide spectrum of data, from faunal remains to rock-art. While each sidue analysis, in order to verify whether milk products could be kind of data is taken into account by well-trained experts, little at- found. With a combination of chromatographic and isotope ratio tention has been paid to the rare contextual network provided by a mass spectrometric techniques, the content of the ceramics was very coherent set of data which main features are: tentatively identified. - a short chronological frame 3500-2500 CAL BC ; S3-3, The introduction and specialisation of dairying practices, poster - homogeneous ecosystems (alpine forelands, forested environ-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 121 ments, low to medium altitude, lacustrine environments) ; ding of how and if animal food offerings reflect the emergence and - homogeneous cultural context (late neolithic societies) ; development of socio-political complexity in human societies. - deer as a common and diversified raw material supply (meat, , S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster antlers, bones, etc.) ; - the high social status of hunting practices ; DE GROSSI MAZZORIN Jacopo & - the involvement of deer representations with ancestorship and high satus items display such as copper daggers of ploughing de- MINNITI Claudia vices. University of Salento (Lecce-Italy), via D. Birago, 64 - 73100 Lecce. jacopo.degrossi@unisalento. it; [email protected] Such a rich contextual network provide a unique picture of late neolithic societies where red deer (a really wild animal ?) is both a The use of the knuckle-bone in funerary practises as ritual common resource and the chosen path to meet the ancestors and legitimate the display of social power. and gaming piece Our presentation will focus on some examples and current inter- In ancient times the knuckle-bone had probably both a ritual func- pretations. tion linked to the practice of divination and a profane use as game piece for infants and adults. This bone can derive from different S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, poster animal species and when found in large numbers is invariably as- sociated with cultic, funerary or public spheres. A fair amount of DE GROSSI MAZZORIN Jacopo & MINNITI worked and unmodified knuckle-bones has recently come to light Claudia in Italy from the cemeteries of Le Grotte near Populonia (4th-3th 1, University of Salento (Lecce-Italy), via D. Birago, 64 - 73100 Lecce, jacopo.degrossi@unisalento. BC) and of Poggio Picenze in Abruzzo (3rd-2nd BC). Zooarchaeo- it; [email protected] logical analysis of these knuckle-bone groups contributes to our understanding of several aspects of the ancient use of this parti- Changes in lifestyle of the ancient (Italy) across the cular bone, such as the choice of the animal the different types of Iron Age/Roman transition: the evidence from animal re- modifications and the effects and significance of the different types mains of depositions. S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral As regards the continuing debate over the “Romanization” and its effect, Rome represents a very interesting case study as it was the DE NIGRIS Mariana core of the Roman Empire and the geographic foundation of Ro- CONICET-Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano. 3 de Febrero man culture. In this respect the zooarchaeology of Rome itself pro- 1370, C1426BJN, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] vides a most promising area of investigation as the modern city has been the scene of extensive archaeological activity in recent years. Early human occupations of the Southern Andes: the Substantial assemblages of animal bones have come to light and zooarchaeological evidence of Cerro Casa de Piedra 7 consequently a great deal of information on the Iron Age and Ro- (Santa Cruz, Argentina) man periods and their transition has become available. The analysis of animal assemblages indicate that in the urban area of Rome ma- During the past years several studies were conducted on bone col- jor changes occurred across the Iron Age/Roman transition. Chan- lections belonging to the early stages of occupation of Cerro Casa ges can be observed in species representation, but also in morta- de Piedra 7 site (Santa Cruz, Argentina), dated ca. 9,700-8,900 years lity profiles, in the size and morphology of the main domesticates. BP. The site is one the most important in Southern-Central Patago- A great change was the increasing of pork consumption. Animal nia because it represents the earliest peopling of an ecotonal area assemblages from several settlements in Latium and Etruria show between forest and steppe. Moreover, the zooarchaeological sam- that the Early Iron Age economy was dominated by sheep, goat and ples recovered are one of the largest of very well preserved bones cattle husbandry, following the previous trend identified for the for this time period. The studies conducted on bones showed a Middle and Final Bronze Age. In the Late Iron Age, pork consump- series of general trends regarding prey exploitation such as high tion increased substantially in Rome, unlike in smaller centres, such percentages of processing and consumption marks; a diminishing as Ficana, Fidene and San Giovenale. This increasing may be asso- ungulate frequency -guanaco and huemul deer-; and an increase ciated with the intensive urbanization that affected even the early in other species’ proportions, specially birds, without shifting the stages of life of the proto-urban centre. clear predominance of Artiodactyla species. As for the guanaco’s S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: anatomical representation, the main target of Patagonian hunter- archaeozoological evidence, oral gatheres-, all anatomical units were present; being the appendi- cular units preponderant. All these characteristics were associated DE GROSSI MAZZORIN Jacopo1 & with an early stage of exploration and colonization of the area, in GALA Monica2 which a broader diet spectrum and a highly intensive resources’ ex- ploitation are expected. 1. University of Salento (Lecce-Italy), via D. Birago, 64 - 73100 Lecce. jacopo.degrossi@ S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster unisalento.it 2. Istituto Italiano di Paleontologia Umana (I.s.I.P.U.), piazza Mincio, 2 - 00198 Roma (Italy). [email protected] DESCHLER-ERB Sabine The use of birds in funerary practices: the example of the IPAS, University of Basel, Switzerland [email protected] tomb n.2 in the Forum of Caesar (Rome – Italy) Animals in funerary space: Ethnic, social and functional The paper will discuss the zooarchaeological analysis of a aspects in Roman Switzerland grave (tomb n. 2) recently excavated in the Forum of Caesar (Rome, Italy), dated to the Final Bronze-Early Iron Age transition (11th-10th Animal bones from funeral contexts have been analysed in several century BC). The funerary outfits are rich and complex and are re- sites from Roman Switzerland. Different deposition methods, such presented by personal miniaturized features, including pottery and as burning or burying of complete or partial animals were detected. bronze ornaments and weapons. Inside the various pots some bird In some cases temples, in which animal sacrifices took place, were bones belonging to lark (Alaudidae), chaffinch (Fringillidae) and pi- erected upon graves. The method of deposition was dependant on geon (Columbidae) were found. These remains show clear traces the social and ethnic affiliation of the deceased, as well as the func- resulting from food consumption practices that characterized the tion of the settlement to which the graves belonged. use of animals in the cemetery. They contribute to our understan- S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral

122 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 DESHPANDE-MUKHERJEE Arati & SHINDE Arctic with regard to differential abundance and relative utility of commonly-exploited animal resources. Of the specimens identi- Vasant fied to species, walrus comprised nearly half of the total mamma- Department of Archaeology, Yerawada, Deccan College, Pune 4110006. India, arati_d_m@ lian sample at Sanirajaq. The frequency of walrus remains (NISP) in hotmail.com, [email protected] comparison to that of other observed species from Sanirajaq was compared to published results of taxonomic frequencies from 15 Molluscan Shell Remains from Padri, a Coastal Harappan Thule Inuit sites located across the Eastern Arctic. No previously- Settlement in Gujarat, India published Thule Inuit or Paleoeskimo faunal assemblage has contai- ned so high a proportion of walrus remains as that of Sanirajaq. The The coastal site of Padri situated in the Bhavnagar district of Gujarat intensification of walrus hunting at the site likely represents a sub- overlooking the Gulf of Khambhat Is Identified as one of the ear- sistence focus unique to Foxe Basin Thule Inuit populations. liest Chalcolithic settlements in Gujarat going back to the second S2-7. Circumpolar archaeozoology: Arctic hunter-gatherers in context, poster half of the fourth millennium B.C. Excavations revealed an occupa- tional deposit in which Harappan and Early Historical levels were DETRY Cleia1,2, VALENZUELA-LAMAS Silvia1, identified. In this paper are discussed the results of the shell ana- 1 lysis carried out on molluscan shell remains recovered from both & DAVIS Simon these levels. An attempt was made to study the processes by which 1, Laboratório de Zooarqueologia do Igespar, I.P., Av. da Índia 136, 1300-300 Lisboa. the various molluscs were introduced into the settlement and the [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. 2, Uniarq, Centro de Arqueologia da Faculdade de Letras, Alameda da Universidade,1600-214 role played by them. Comparison with other contemporary coastal Lisboa, Portugal. Harappan sites has helped in finding out the extent of molluscan exploitation at Padri. Additional insights into the past coastal envi- Differences between Muslims and Christians in medieval ronment around the site were obtained from the overall shell data assemblages from Portugal that was recovered. S3-4 Archaeomalacology: Shells in the Archaeological Record, poster In April 711, Tariq bin Ziyad and 7000 Berbers invaded the Iberian Peninsula, a region that was to become an important centre of DESHPANDE-MUKHERJEE Arati culture and learning, and which was to see considerable change between the 8th and 15th centuries. Portugal gained its indepen- Department of Archaeology, Deccan College, Yerawada, Pune 411006, INDIA, arati_d_m@ hotmail.com dence in the 12th century AD and by 1250 all territory to the south was under Christian rule. The so-called ‘Arab Green Revolution’ of Further insights into animal based subsistence during the the11th-13th centuries saw the Moslems improving agriculture Harappan civilization from recent faunal studies in the and introducing many new plants and fruit trees. Zooarchaeologi- cal data from Portugal also indicate changes in the livestock sector Ghaggar river basin of northern India – in the ways animals were used – with the Moslems hunting more wild boar and red deer and, in the case of the sheep, possible im- Explorations and excavations in the Ghaggar river basin of nor- provements or import of new stock. The influence of Islamic culture thern India have yielded more than 500 sites belonging to all pha- was stronger in the south where Islamic rule was longer. The subse- ses of the Harappan civilization. Cultural remains from sites such as quent Christian “reconquista” saw a change in dietary preferences Kalibangan, Banawali, Rakhigarhi, Bhirrana, Farmana, etc., show it from mutton to beef (and pork) and by the 15th century osteome- to be a crucial area for understanding the early development and tric data indicate improved cattle. There is also some evidence for growth of the Harappan culture as well as that of the succeeding cultural mixing in southern sites with Moslems continuing to play cultures. So far in this region animal remains from only a few sites an important role in the local economy in Christian times. such as Kalibangan, Bhagwanpura and Tarkhanewala Dera have S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: been studied. Today this particular region is important for tracing bringing methodology to bear on social questions, poster ancient animal exploitation patterns from the Early to the Mature Harappan period. Hence in this paper are presented findings from DHRITIMAN Sarma the above-mentioned sites and from recent ongoing faunal studies for the Harappan settlement of Bhirrana. Attempts are being made Sony Apartment, B5, 3rd Floor, BM Road, Ulubari, Guwahati, 781007 Assam Republic of India [email protected] to study the various ways in which different animals were used and the development of human-animal relationships in this region du- The use of animals in funerary practices among the Kar- ring the Harappan period. S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, bis in Assam, India Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, poster The use of animals in funerary practice among the tribes is a conti- nuing tradition since prehistoric times. This paper highlights the DESJARDINS Sean P. A. use of animal in funerary practices among the Karbis, a tribe living McGill University, Department of Anthropology, Rm. 718, Leacock Bldg., 855 Sherbrooke St. W., in Assam, the Northeastern state of the Republic of India. Normally, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T7, Canada, [email protected] the Karbis erect in memory of the deceased and in or- der to satisfy the deceased soul, they offer sacrifices of the animals. Evaluating the significance of walrus (Odobenus rosma- This paper shows the use of animals like pig, goat and fouls used rus rosmarus) for Thule Inuit subsistence economies in the for sacrifice among the Karbis, while conducting fieldwork in Karbi eastern Arctic Anglong, the autonomous council in Assam. The animal sacrifices have several norms under rituals, the major one being the killing Of the animals most commonly acquired by Thule Inuit hunters, of the animals for community feast after the ritual only. This has re- walrus were second only to baleen whales in the amount of usa- sulted severe and widespread criticism for the cruelties to animals ble material provided per animal. Recent surface investigations of resulting in imbalance in the eco system and the environment. Thule Inuit archaeological sites around northwest Foxe Basin, eas- The mainstream Hinduism has a parallel practice of offering the tern-central Nunavut, have shown evidence of widespread walrus animals alive in the campus of the temples in the name of the de- exploitation. However, fauna from only one of the region’s nume- ceased. Animals offered through such funerary rituals are brought rous Classic Thule Inuit sites, Sanirajaq (NeHd-1), on the northeast up with reverence that has been beneficial to promotion of eco coast of the Melville Peninsula, has been analyzed in detail. This friendly rituals. If similar practices can be spread, this will have a paper presents the results of a zooarchaeological analysis of the better impact on the degrading eco and environments in the hill Sanirajaq assemblage, and its implications for our understanding areas of the Northeastern states. of Thule Inuit subsistence around Foxe Basin and across the Eastern S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 123 DIAB Mark C. Researches in archaeology often infer environmental context of human occupations from faunal analyses. However, zooarchaeo- Laboratory of Human Evolution, Department of Integrated Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 5-1-5, 277-8562, Japan, [email protected] logists have pointed out many times that faunal remains reflect the diet of past humans. If selective hunting occurred, anthropic The nature of Pleistocene megaherbivore extinction in accumulations could provide a biased image of the past landscape. central Japan Evolution in the selection of preys by past humans has been largely debated for the last Neandertals and the first AMH. From OIS 5 to 3, Since before Darwin natural historians have attempted to explain the accuracy of absolute dating is still insufficient to precisely cor- the nature of extinction. Today, evolutionary biologists, conserva- relate palaeoclimatic and archaeological data. Thus, it is often hard tion biologists, and archaeologists have revealed the increasing to understand if changes in species procurement have to be corre- complexity, and elusive understanding, of the phenomenon. Out of lated with climate fluctuations or cultural choices. In this context, several major extinction events throughout the planet’s history, the we developed a stratigraphic approach. Analyses of lithic industries late Pleistocene megafaunal extinction has offered pressing chal- from SW of France are now sufficiently abundant to provide a good lenges from a multidisciplinary perspective. The Japanese islands pattern of the succession of occupations. Based on this archeos- offer another arena of investigation of this global phenomenon. tratigraphy, we compiled faunal data of those occupations into a The key to understanding extinction lies in an understanding of database of ca. 200 assemblages from 30 sequences spanning OIS biological systems and the processes that affect random demogra- 5 to 3. Statistical analysis of the quantitative faunal lists shows clear phic effects. A tri-fold metapopulation model linking the effects of stratigraphic recurrences, organized successions that can be corre- demography, predator-prey dynamics, and climate is a necessary lated with climate changes, but some sites can still be interpreted approach for inferring the nature of extinction in the Japanese case. as deriving from a highly selective behavior. We finish by discussing This reveals that the impacts of human and non-human predators how fluctuations in ungulate biomass might have impacted on the and rapid habitat transformation through severe climatic events demography of large predators by comparing frequencies of anth- were apparent causes of extinction of two keystone species, the ropic sites and hyena dens across time. giant deer (Megaloceros) and Naumann’s elephant (Palaeoloxodon). S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral Life histories of these species are traced through stable isotope ana- lyses of teeth, and an assessment of mortality profiles to determine DOMINGUEZ-RODRIGO Manuel1, the extent of dietary shifts linked to climatic changes. Extinction 2 1 trajectories appear to rest in ideas related to predator-prey ecolo- BUNN Henry , MABULLA Audax , gy, namely carrying capacity and human harvest pressure linked to BAQUEDANO Enrique1 & DÍEZ-MARTIN prey demography. 1 S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral Fernando 1, Complutense University of Madrid, Fac. Geografia e Historia, c/prof. Aranguren s/n, 28040, Madrid, SPAIN DIMITRIJEVIĆ Vesna [email protected] 2, Dept. of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, 5240 W. H. Sewell Social Science Building, Department of archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy, Čika Ljubina 18-20, 11000 Belgrade, , 1180 Observatory Dr., Madison, Megafaunal exploitation in the lower Pleistocene: The case of [email protected] BK, level 4 (upper Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania)

Dentalium beads and Neogene fossil sites exploitation at WI 53706, USA the Late Neolithic / Eneolithic site Vinča – Belo Brdo Recent excavations at BK have exposed a “living floor” (senso Lea- Elephant’s tusk shells, usually known under the name Dentalium, key, 1971), containing a wealth of stone tools and faunal remains after the best represented scaphopod genus, are frequent finds belonging to animals larger than 1000 kg. The recent archaeologi- at the site Vinča – Belo Brdo. The site is a multi-layered tell, central cal work and the taphonomic analyses of faunal remains have de- and representative for the Late Neolithic/Eneolithic Vinča culture, flourishing during the 2nd half of the 6th and 1st half of the 5th millen- tected an important number of bones modified and broken by ho- nium BC at the central Balkans. Dentalium shells are found mostly minins. In this work, a preliminary analysis of this level is presented as tubular shell fragments and used, thanks to their natural shape, showing that the site can be taken as a window for understanding unmodified or slightly modified as beads. , amulets and butchering activities of early Pleistocene hominins in East Africa. beads, made of other marine mollusk shells, namely bivalves Spon- Hunting and scavenging strategies by hominins will be evaluated dylus and Glycymeris, were also frequent ornament items. Inhabi- in the light of actualistic work carried out on large carcasses hunted tants of the settlement at the Belo Brdo gained those, obviously by modern predators in Tanzanian savanna ecosystems. S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World highly valued items, by exchange network developed in prehistory during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral throughout the vast area stretching from the Mediterranean and Black sea coast to the central Europe. Contrary to the shell items obtained by exchange with contemporary prehistoric societies, DÖPPES Doris & ROSENDAHL Wilfried Dentalium shells were collected in the vicinity of the settlement, at Rem Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, 68159 Mannheim, Germany, [email protected]; the outcrops of fossiliferous Neogene deposits. The paper presents [email protected] the distribution of the Neogene fossil sites in the surroundings of the Vinča – Belo Brdo settlement, where Dentalium shells might be LeCHE - Lactase persistence and the early Cultural History collected, and the outline of their exploitation. of Europe or “Milk - the ultimate drink of the Europeans in S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record- Acquisition and the last 7000 years!” use of shell raw materials in prehistory, oral The large EU project LeCHE consists of scientists from 13 European DISCAMPS Emmanuel, JAUBERT Jacques & institutions (e.g. University of Oxford, University College London or the Natural History Museum in Paris), from seven countries BACHELLERIE François (Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Université Bordeaux 1, UMR 5199 PACEA, Institut de Préhistoire et de Géologie du Quaternaire, Sweden) and offers an ideal training for the future generation of Avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence, France researchers. Reconstructing faunal changes from Mousterian to Auri- The lactase persistence will be studied by using chemical and iso- topic geochemical analysis of artefacts and bones, genetic studies gnacian times: evolution in species procurement and un- of modern humans and domestic animals as well as the traditio- gulate biomass in the South-West of France from OIS 5 to nal archaeology and zoo archaeology. Particular attention is paid OIS 3 to the co-evolution of humans and domestic animals to get direct

124 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 evidence of consumption of milk and to explore husbandry practi- Parasites identified on the site of Horbourg-Wihr have human and ces. The training of young scientists and encouraging international animal origin and allow comparisons between this site and the site cooperation are very important in the network. of Troyes. So several hypothesis can be made about the relations The rem team is building up a database with all results from the who exist between them and about populations’ state of health. EU-project LeCHE, which will stand as the basis for all participating S1-6, Palaeoparasitology: advances and potential, oral institutions and the public. In addition, a concept for a special ex- 1 hibition with the working title “Milk - the origin of Europe” will be DUPONT Catherine & ÁLVAREZ- developed. The multilingual exhibition with all objects, text panels, 2 installations and graphics should be suitable for archaeological and FERNÁNDEZ Esteban natural history museums in various sizes starting in 2012. 1. UMR 6566 CNRS CReAAH « Centre de Recherche en Archéologie Archéosciences Histoire » S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, poster CNRS, [email protected] 2. Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad de Salamanca, DOPPLER Thomas1, PICHLER Sandra1, España. [email protected] SCHIBLER Jörg1 & RÖDER Brigitte1 Goose barnacles Pollicipes pollicipes in Holocene along 1, Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Spalenring 145, CH- the European Atlantic Façade 4055 Basel, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] The development of archaeozoological studies contributes to take animal remains into account as from the excavations. The use of Archaeozoology and its sociohistorical potential: the systematic sieving with thin meshes (2 mm) allowed these last Neolithic lakeshore settlement Arbon Bleiche 3, Switzer- years to multiply the list of species identified. This diversity is de- land – a case study monstrative in the case of shell middens where the marine fauna can be varied: mammals, birds, fish, urchins, crabs, shells and goose Wetland archaeology with its exceptional preservation and rich fau- barnacles. Although these last ones have been identified since se- nal remains offers a great potential for establishing a social archaeo- veral decades in the Iberian Peninsula, we just begin to find them zoology. Using the Neolithic lakeshore settlement Arbon Bleiche 3 in France along the Atlantic façade. This poster consists in a des- (Lake Constance, Switzerland) as an example case we will propose cription of the goose barnacle Pollicipes pollicipes. We compare its a methodological approach to making sociohistorical inferences biogeography to its discovery in archaeological contexts. We also from archaeozoological data by means of correspondence analysis, develop a methodology to study these animal remains. The goose discuss some results and provide an interpretive social framework barnacle is composed of different plates. Thanks to its anatomy we for their understanding. Besides the excellent preservation, Arbon explain how we can count the minimum number of individuals. We Bleiche 3 is characterized by a short, single-phased and precisely also present the biometry of this crustacean. The modern samples dated occupation (3384-3370 BC) which makes it possible to trace allow us to reconstitute the size of the animal. The question is: are dynamic processes within that time-span. Furthermore, in-depth these remains the witness of a great part of the alimentation of past interdisciplinary analyses of the layer formation processes show populations? that hardly any horizontal and vertical mixing took place. The site S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster is therefore particularly well suited for studying spatial patterning and sociohistorical research questions, both in individual houses Dupont Catherine1, Laporte Luc1,2, and within the whole settlement. 3 3,4 S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: bringing methodology to bear on CourtauD Patrice , Duday Henri & social questions, oral Gruet Yves1

1 1 1. UMR 6566 CNRS CReAAH « Centre de Recherche en Archéologie Archéosciences Histoire » DUFOUR Benjamin , BOUCHET Françoise & CNRS, [email protected] 1,2 2. [email protected] LE BAILLY Matthieu 3. UMR 5199 CNRS-LAPP, [email protected] 4. [email protected] 1, Université de Reims, UFR de Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Paléoparasitologie, EA 3795 GEGENA², 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51 096 Reims cedex, France, [email protected], francoise. [email protected] Personal shell ornaments at La Vergne (Charente-Mari- 2, Université de Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences et Techniques, CNRS UMR 6249 Chrono- time, France): from acquisition to wear Environnement, Place Leclerc, 25 000 Besançon, [email protected] Burials of La Vergne (Charente-Maritime, France) give us an access The site of Horbourg-Wihr (Haut-Rhin, France): paleopa- to 3297 marine shells ornaments associated with skeletons. These rasitological studies and comparison with the site of the Mesolithic graves were distant from the seashore more than 50 km. “Place de la Libération” in Troyes (Aube, France) Potential location of the collecting of the raw material is proposed after the species and the shape of one of the main species, the Nas- The site of Horbourg-Wihr, near Colmar (Haut-Rhin, France), cor- sarius reticulatus. This interpretation is possible by comparison with responds to a vicus, a small gallo-roman conurbation. The thirteen modern samples coming from different areas of the Atlantic French samples studied from this site came from hollowing structures with façade. Taphonomic analyses are also a useful tool to understand planks dated from the second century AD. They have processed how these shells have been collected and if they have been exploi- with the technique developed in the paleoparasitology laborato- ted only for this activity. The different stages of manufacture of the- ry of Reims and observed through a microscope. Concerning the se ornaments are described: from the preparation of the surface to number of taxa, the results show a parasitic diversity equivalent to the perforation. Our study shows that several techniques have been the site of the “Place de la Libération” in Troyes (Aube, France). used and that some of these shells, which were collected, have got Compared to the other gallo-roman sites studied in paleoparasito- already an hole from their acquisition. The meticulous excavations logy, which have on average between four and five taxa, the site of of all the components of the burial linked to the study of the wear Troyes is a reference concerning biodiversity with ten taxa identi- patterns are also relevant. They show that these shells were not sus- fied. In equalling this number, the site of Horbourg-Wihr completes pended with a single tie. Some of them seem to have been sewed the very short list of sites with an important number of taxa para- on different supports. The spatial analysis allows to propose what site. The parasites identified for the site of Horbourg-Wihr are not were these supports. The degrees of wear patterns have also been exactly the same as those of the site of Troyes. Compared to the studied in function of adult or juvenile burials. With this last part of site of Troyes, samples from Horbourg-Wihr contain parasites eggs our presentation we can say if these ornaments were only dedica- from the genus Capillaria with reticulated eggshell and punctuated ted to world of dead. eggshell; but, contrary to Troyes, the parasites Dioctophyma renale S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record- Acquisition and and Entamoeba histolytica are missing until now. use of shell raw materials in prehistory, oral

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 125 DUSSELDORP Gerrit Leendert secondary woven bony tissue that forms in the marrow cavity of breeding female birds. It forms one or two weeks before producing Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, 2050 WITS, SOUTH AFRICA. [email protected] the first egg and disappeared one or two weeks after producing eggs. Because wild geese stay at breeding region for about three Gaining insight in prehistoric hunting competence: The months after egg production, medullary bones would be disappea- use of Optimal Foraging Theory red before arriving at stopover and wintering areas. Therefore, me- dullary bone in goose remains from non-breeding region would be The species representation in Middle and Late Pleistocene faunal a reliable indicator of domestic birds. So far, we observed marrow assemblages has often been interpreted in terms of hunting com- cavities of goose remains from 12 archaeological sites in Japan (BC petence of the accumulating hominins. Debate has centered on the 6000-AD 1850) and found out medullary bone at two femora from method of procurement, (hunting vs. scavenging), the presence of Oranda-shokan-ato site (AD 1650-1850). The medullary bones were large and dangerous species at sites and recently, the presence of confirmed by histological analysis using Alcian blue, a dye staining small game. More parsimonious explanations for the representa- glycosaminoglycan (main component of medullary bone matrix) tion of species are sometimes not thoroughly explored. sky-blue. The results suggest that two femora were from domestic I test whether the presence or absence of species is not better ex- geese. In the literature, domestic geese were kept from AD 700 and plained by “economic” motives than by hunting proficiency. I do this were common after AD 1600. The low rate of observed medullary by applying Optimal Foraging Theory to Pleistocene bone assem- bone in the samples would be explained by small number of do- blages. Modelling the characteristics of the available species and mestic geese in Japan, or by butchering plans in which breeding scrutinizing which characteristics exploited species had in com- females were not eaten. mon used to study the motives driving prey choice. Application S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster to Middle Palaeolithic sites in the Eemian of Germany shows that large and dangerous species were exploited frequently, but that Edwards Ceiridween et al. solitary species are better represented at sites than species living University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [email protected] in herds. Sites deposited in cold periods show a better representa- tion of herd animals. The differences can be interpreted in terms of A complete mitochondrial sequence from a me- Neanderthal group size. solithic wild aurochs (Bos primigenius) S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral S5-3. Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster

DUSSELDORP Gerrit Leendert ELSNER Julia, SCHIBLER Jörg & Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, 2050 WITS, South Africa, gerrit. [email protected] SCHLUMBAUM Angela Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science IPAS, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 Basel, Julia. Niche differentiation during MIS 3: The relationship [email protected] between Neanderthals and their nonhuman competitors From Lakeshore to Rockshelter – Ancient DNA from Horse Isotopic studies of the diet of Neanderthals and associated fauna Remains in Switzerland are a recent addition to our array of methods to gain insight in prehistoric behaviour. I will examine the results of isotopic and ar- Horse bones and teeth in Switzerland were recovered from va- chaeozoological studies of a number of sites from Marine Isotope rious site contexts, the earliest investigated in my continuing PhD Stage 3 (~ 60.000-30.000 bp.) in southwestern France. I attempt to project Genetic Signatures in Wild and Domestic Horses (Equus sp.) use the data from both analytical methods to model the niche dif- During the Last 40, 000 Years in Switzerland date back to late Pleisto- ferentiation of Neanderthals and hyenas, which competed for her- cene. Sites include Palaeolithic feedlots of wild predators, caves and bivore biomass. This case-study will demonstrate that the results abris, Neolithic lake shore dwellings, and refuse pits and deposits from both types of analyses, although in agreement on a general from ritual contexts in Celtic and Roman times. Many excavations level, contradict eachother on a more detailed level. To extract use- took place decades ago and equid remains have been stored since ful complementary information from the reviewed methods, some under different conditions. Site characteristics, age, type of remain, methodological issues must be overcome. The outcome of the post excavation treatments and storage affect the preservation of analyses is then used to propose a model of niche differentiation DNA. between Neanderthals and cave hyenas. I will discuss these issues in relation to amplification success and S5-4, Variability in human hunting behaviour during Oxygen Isotope Stages post-mortem damage of DNA. A special focus will be on material 4/3: Implications for understanding modern human origins, poster from Neolithic lakeshore dwellings. These sites are of special impor- tance for the reconstruction of early animal husbandry in Switzer- EDA Masaki1, YASHIMA Shoji2 & land and archaeobiological remains are usually very well conserved. 3 However, waterlogged conditions are considered unfavourable for INOUÉ Takao DNA preservation, although some exceptions exist. 1, Division of Morphological Analysis, Department of Functional, Morphological and Regulatory S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishi-machi 86, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan, [email protected] 1 2, Technical Support Division, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishi-machi 86, Yonago, EMERY Kitty F. & THORNTON Erin Tottori, 683-8503, Japan. 1,2 3, Division of Morphological Analysis, Department of Functional, Morphological and Regulatory Kennedy Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Nishi-machi 86, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan 1, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Dickinson Hall University of Florida 117800, Gainesville, Florida USA. [email protected]; 2, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Turlington Hall University of Florida, Medullary bones in goose remains: a reliable indicator of Gainesville, Florida USA. [email protected]. domestic individual in the temperate zone Using Animal Remains to Reconstruct Landscapes and Wild geese breed in the Arctic zone, and winter in the temperate Climate of the Ancient Maya World zone (such as Japan, South and East Asia, and Southern Europe). When goose remains from archaeological sites in the temperate Animal remains from archaeological deposits in the Maya area pro- zone are proved to be dead in their breeding season, the bones vide a valuable proxy for reconstructing landscape history and the are strongly suggested to be domestic birds. Medullary bones are potential role of human activities and climate. Both human-indu-

126 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 ced habitat destruction and climate change have been proposed the transition from Neanderthals to anatomically modern humans, as causal to several Maya cultural transitions including the Classic relatively little has been paid to the transition from flake to Maya “collapse”. Current environmental reconstructions rely hea- industries within the context of a pre-modern hominid species, vily on paleoenvironmental data from lakebed and other non-ar- the Neanderthals. This study focuses on identifying indications of chaeological sedimentary cores. These are difficult to correlate with continuity or change in environment or subsistence practices prior archaeological chronologies and generally record conditions at to the transition from the Mousterian to the Châtelperronian at the considerable distances from ancient Maya settlements. We provide and the Grotte du Bison at Arcy-sur-Cure, and will a regional review of animal remains from Preclassic through Post- be contrasted to subsequent early Upper Paleolithic assemblages. classic archaeological sites as proxy data for changing terrestrial S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages and aquatic habitats. We find that terrestrial fauna record highly (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral site-specific landscape conditions while aquatic fauna from small water systems (swamps) may reveal correlations with regional cli- ENLOE James G.1, DAVID Francine2, mate conditions. Animal remains provide a local record that can DYACHENKO Vladimir3, GIRARD Michel4 & add site-level detail to regional paleoenvironmental reconstruc- 5 tions and can be directly linked to the cultural deposits that are HARDY Maurice used to define cultural events at each site. 1, Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA James-enloe@ S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster uiowa.edu 2, UMR 7041, ArScAn, Laboratoire d’Ethnologie pre´historique, Maison Rene´ Ginouve`s, 21 alle´e de l’Universite´, 92023 Nanterre Cedex, France [email protected] 3, Kunstkamera Museum of Anthropology and Ethnology, a, 3 Universitetskaya nab. Saint ENGHOFF Inge Bødker Petersburg 199034, Russia, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 4, Laboratoire de Palynologie, CEPAM, 250 avenue Albert Einstein, Sophia-Antipolis, 06560 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark, [email protected] Valbonne, France, [email protected] 5UMR 7041, ArScAn, Laboratoire d’Ethnologie pre´historique, Maison Rene´ Ginouve`s, 21 alle´e de l’Universite´, 92023 Nanterre Cedex, France, [email protected] Regionality and biotope exploitation in Danish Ertebølle and adjacent periods Middle Paleolithic cave taphonomy: discerning humans from hyenas at Arcy-sur-Cure, France Results from new analyses of eleven newly excavated animal bone assemblages from four regions in Stone Age Denmark (northern Recent excavations at the Grotte du Bison, Arcy-sur-Cure, have Vendsyssel, the Limfjord area, the East Central Jutland and North been focused on correlating the stratigraphy with that of the ad- Zealand) are compared and discussed on the background of for- jacent Grotte du Renne. Preliminary results from these excavations merly studied settlements. Most of the bone assemblages derive at the Bison demonstrate essentially continuity in industrial succes- from the Ertebølle culture (5400-3950 BC), but some include the sion from the late Mousterian into the Chatelperronian. The faunal preceding late Kongemose culture as well, others extend into the assemblage, however, demonstrates considerable occupation by Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture. The study focuses on exploitation hyenas and bears in alternation with that by humans in the under- of marine and terrestrial animal resources, and early animal hus- lying Mousterian levels. This demonstrates one of the fundamental bandry. The inclusion of three cultural periods provides an opportu- problems of cave stratigraphies. The archaeological record of the nity to analyse temporal change. During the study period environ- Middle Paleolithic rarely presents unambiguous associations and mental conditions, and hence conditions for the wild fauna, were spatial configuration. A substantial proportion of the Middle Paleo- reasonably constant. In this light, major changes in the exploitation lithic archaeological record has be investigated in cave mouth and of animals will chiefly be due to cultural changes. A very obvious sites. Cave taphonomy most often results in complex example is constituted by the introduction of domestic animals at palimpsests of depositional history, mixing debris from prehistoric the transition to the Neolithic (Funnel Beaker Culture). Highlights human occupations with those from other processes, both geolo- among new results include the registration of exotic species, spe- gical and faunal. Spatial analysis may be one way of deciphering cialisations in fishing and hunting at the level of regions and indivi- portions of complex depositions. Data from one Middle Paleolithic dual settlements, temporal size changes of red deer, extinction of level of the Grotte du Bison are presented here to illustrate the po- species in northern Vendsyssel as a consequence of island forma- tential for discerning differential activity and occupation areas re- tion, and indications of local domesticaton of swine in Jutland. sulting from Neanderthals, hyenas and other animals. Signatures of S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral associations of bone fragments with other classes of material reco- vered from recent excavations are offered to identify those portions ENLOE James G. of the palimpsest attributable to human activities. S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral University of Iowa. Department of Anthropology, 114 MacBride Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242-1322. [email protected] ESCOSTEGUY Paula Neanderthal to Neanderthal evolution: subsistence chan- Insituto de Arqueología (Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires), 25 de ge from Mousterian to Chatelperronian Mayo 217, 3º piso, cp. 1002, CABA, [email protected]

Arcy-sur-Cure is a key site for documenting the transition from the Ethnoarchaeology with nutrieros (“coypu” hunters) in the Middle to Upper Paleolithic. Numerous openings in an integrated Pampean Region (Argentina) system have yielded abundant archaeological evidence for both periods. A particularly important stratigraphic sequence co- The wetlands in the Humid Pampean Region (Argentine) have been vers the transition in the Grotte du Renne, with a sequence from inhabited by hunter-gatherer-fishers during Late Holocene, one of Mousterian through Châtelperronian to Aurignacian. The Châtel- the major resources was the “coypu” (Myocastor coypus), a medium perronian includes a fairly large sample of distinctive Neanderthal size rodent that still inhabits the area. Since 2006 we have develo- temporal fossil material. The neighboring Grotte du Bison, includes ped actualistic research with “coypu” hunters in order to better un- a stratigraphic sequence from the Mousterian through the Châtel- derstand the zooarchaeological record from sites of this area where perronian. Of primary interest is Level D, which corresponds to Level bones of “coypu” are abundant in the archaeological record. The VIII in the adjacent Grotte du Renne. It includes material from the ethnoarchaeological research includes interviews to hunters and Châtelperronian and is dated to 34,050 ± 750 BP and 33,670±450 experimental studies. From those sources we have gained informa- BP. In recent excavation of the earlier Mousterian Level I, the dis- tion about some actions that are not observable in archaeological covery of new Neanderthal fossil specimens at the Grotte du Bison record such as social relationships, language, emic categories and at Arcy-sur- adds to knowledge about the authorship of final Mid- knowledge. We have acquired information about the technology dle Paleolithic industries. While much attention has been paid to used to hunt this prey (metal traps, sticks), the knowledge needed

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 127 to improve the effectiveness of hunting (etiology, ecology) and the noic acids can be used in tandem, exploiting metabolic and season- diverse modes of the prey (roasted, boiled and stewed). ality effects, to further refine assignments. Our results provide new Gender is an important topic that influences learning this activity. insights into the early exploitation of bovids and equids for their Usually women are excluded from hunting parties. They do partici- “secondary products” in Europe, the Near East and Eurasia. pate in household tasks such as butchering (skinning, evisceration S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, oral and disarticulation), cooking and preparing skins (drying and tan- ning). This difference is observed in how children are trained: while EVIN Allowen1,2, CUCCHI Thomas2,1 & boys accompany adults during hunting parties, girls do not. Jesuit 1 priests recorded similar gender differences in the Chaco region du- DOBNEY Keith ring the XVIII century. 1, Department of Archaeology University of Aberdeen St. Mary’s, Elphinstone Road Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland. [email protected], [email protected] S1-5. Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, poster 2, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] 1 2 ESCOSTEGUY Paula & SALEMME Mónica Pig domestication in Europe: give me your teeth I will tell 1, Insituto de Arqueología-CONICET (Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Buenos Aires), 25 de Mayo 217, 3er piso, cp. 1002, CABA, Argentina. [email protected] you who you are and where you are from 2, Laboratorio de Geología del Cuaternario (CADIC-CONICET, Universidad de la Patagonia), B. Houssay 200, cp. 9410, Ushuaia, Argentina. [email protected] Understanding the process of animal domestication in Europe has long been an important focus in archeozoology. Reconstructing Butchery evidence on rodent bones from archaeological pig domestication in Europe can be done using integrated mole- sites in the Pampean Region (Argentine) cular and morphometrics approaches. Teeth are good phenotypic The analysis on rodent bones from several sites localized in the marker, as they are frequently well preserved, found in large quan- Pampean Region (Argentine) is presented in this contribution. Two tities and can provide taxonomic information. In this study we use assemblages come from La Guillerma archaeological locality, situa- geometric morphometrics analyses of the more suited molars and ted in the Depresión del Salado (Buenos Aires province). The other 2D-landmarks, semi-landmarks and outlines methods to explore assemblages came from the archaeological locality Cañada Honda the shape variation between modern domestic pigs and wild boars and from the site Río Luján located in the Paraná River basin Nor- as well as different factors of intraspecific variability (sexual di- thern Buenos Aires province. These places were inhabited during morphism, age, geography) in modern populations of wild boars. Late Holocene by hunter gatherer fishers. Using ancient specimens we further explore European pig variabi- Different species of rodents were documented in these sites: Ho- lity through time and space, from the Mesolithic to the present, in lochilus brasiliensis, Reithrodon auritus, Ctenomys sp., Cavia aperea, order to pinpoint dispersal routes and potential local domestica- Myocastor coypus, Lagostomus maximus and Hydrochaeris hydro- tion processes. S1-7, Geometric morphometrics in archaeozoology: applications and chaeris. A very important issue is the difference on size: some spe- perspectives, oral cies are small (less than 1 kg), other are middle-sized (around 5-10 kg) and the biggest one can get a weight of 50 kg. The aim of the bone analysis is to document and interpret the but- ÉVORA Marina Almeida chery evidence. We registered cut marks and fracture patterns, as Departamento de História, Arqueologia e Património, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais da Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro – PORTUGAL / Fundação well as burning features. M. coypus was the most exploited rodent para a Ciência e Tecnologia PhD Studentship / UNIARQ, [email protected] and it is the most frequent taxa in studied archaeological sites with evidence of skinning, filleting and disarticulation. Some fractures Raw material used in the manufacture of osseous arte- which could be the consequence of marrow consumption were facts during the Upper Paleolithic in Portugal also documented. Other taxa with butchery evidence are: L. maxi- mus and H. hydrochaeris. Nevertheless, these evidences are few In this study, the raw material used for the manufacture of osseous compared with those recognized in M. coypus’ bones. tools are bone and antler, none of the artefacts reviewed was S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster made of ivory or horn. They were collected from 12 archaeologi- cal sites located in Estremadura, Alentejo and Western Algarve, in Evershed Richard P. Portugal. During the Upper Paleolithic in Portugal the availability University of Bristol, Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, Cantock’s Close, Bristol of the antler may have been dependent on the season, as deer do BS8 1TS, UK ([email protected]) not have them all year round and its quality varies throughout its development. As to the bone, its cortical tissue, which is most of Exploiting synergies in molecular structures, isotopic si- the bone, was the most exploited by prehistoric man to use in the gnatures and faunal evidence to enhance interpretations manufacture of its equipment for hunting and fishing. Men would of secondary product use take the fractured bone after collecting the bone marrow, chan- ging the flakes to different sizes, until the desired tool was made. The past 3 decades have seen major developments in the chemical In Portuguese Gravettian layers, the prevalence of utensils made of analysis of organic residues preserved in pottery vessels involved in bone is much higher (20) then antler (11). Levels with oc- food processing. Such residues provide information relating to the cupations also dominate the bone utensils (7) while only 1 made of specific functions of vessels but, more significantly, the wider as- antler. By contrast, the levels of Magdalenian occupation, the bone pects of settlement and regional economy and diet. In this respect tools (7) are much less than antler tools (14). food residues surviving in pottery vessels are highly complemen- S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster tary to other dietary indicators, particularly faunal remains. This presentation will discuss the analytical approaches to the investi- 1 2 gation of the major class of organic residue observed in prehistoric EWONUS Paul & SPELLER Camilla pottery, namely degraded animal fats. Although the major compo- 1, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK; [email protected] nents detected, i.e. n-alkanoic acids and other acyl lipids, are rather 2, Ancient DNA Laboratory, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 non-specific biomarkers it will be shown how compound-specific University Drive, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada; [email protected] stable isotope values greatly enhance their diagnostic potential. Examples are given to demonstrate classifications of species origins Coastal hunter-fisher-gatherer social archaeozoology: based on the δ13C values of C16:0 and C18:0 alkanoic acids as a re- the constitution of Pacific Northwest Coast identities sults of them recording the physiological and metabolic differences between the major domesticates. An entirely new approach will be Analysis of fine screened animal bone and Pacific salmon ancient presented which shows how δ13C and δD values of the same alka- DNA recovered from shell midden sites in the southern Strait of

128 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 Georgia on the Pacific Northwest Coast, together with other kinds dans lequel ils évoluent. Les reconstitutions paléoclimatiques et pa- of material culture, provide detailed information on subsistence léoenvironnementales sont essentielles lors des interprétations des practice, site use, social interaction and identity. This paper focuses sites archéologiques. Ces dernières années, les études biogéochi- on a case study of the Pender Canal shell midden site situated on miques ont montré que l’émail dentaire enregistre les fluctuations Pender Island, in the southern Gulf Islands of British Columbia, Ca- climatiques via les variations du rapport isotopique 18O/16O. De nada. Results from recent column sample faunal analysis are consi- plus, les dents hypsodontes comme celle des Equidés présentent dered in conjunction with animal bone previously identified from l’avantage d’enregistrer les changements saisonniers. La Baume de 6.4 mm mesh screening and initial column sample analysis of site Gigny (Jura, France) présente une séquence stratigraphique remar- matrices during research directed by Roy Carlson and Diane Han- quable qui sert de référence pour l’est de la France. Treize couches son of Simon Fraser University. Alongside previously documented composent l’ensemble moyen qui couvre une partie du Pléistocène site characteristics, new archaeozoological and ancient DNA spe- supérieur (e. 140-28 ka). L’étude archéozoologique montre une oc- cies identification data are employed in a discussion of site activi- cupation régulière de la cavité par les Hommes préhistoriques avec ties, ranging from fishing to ceremonial events. The performance l’acquisition du Cerf et du Cheval notamment. Les restes dentaires of these tasks and their social implications at Pender Canal are de ces deux espèces sont présents dans de nombreuses couches et contextualized with a survey of similar datasets from contemporary ont permis d’étudier l’évolution du climat pendant cette période, shell midden sites in the local landscape. Temporal patterns in small tant d’un point de vu global que saisonnier. Les résultats montrent fish remains and ancient salmon DNA at Pender Canal correspond un refroidissement graduel de la base vers le sommet, les tempé- well with changes in land use during the last 2500 years identified ratures annuelles moyennes varient de 10°C +/-2 à 5°C +/-2, c’est- through an examination of southern Strait of Georgia regional data. à-dire plus froide qu’aujourd’hui (11°C). D’un point de vue archéo- These events are important to a discussion of the formation of Indi- zoologique, les résultats montrent un élargissement du spectre genous social relationships and identities. faunique exploité corrélé à l’augmentation du froid. S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: S5-1, The biochemical study of animals remains: integrating isotopic and trace bringing methodology to bear on social questions, poster elements analyses to archaeozoology, poster

EZZUGHAYYAR Ademar & SWAILEH K.M. FAITH J. Tyler1 & Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, West Bank, Palestine, HENSHILWOOD Christopher S.2,3 [email protected] 1, The George Washington University, 2110 G Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA, tfaith@ Archaeological analysis of molluscan fauna from the Late gwmail.gwu.edu 2, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa, Bronze Age stratum of site 4 of Tell Jenin (Northern West [email protected] Bank, Palestine) 3, University of Bergen, Postbox 7805, 5020, Bergen, Molluscan shells were collected and analyzed from the Late Bronze Age stratum of Tell Jenin (West Bank, Palestine). A total of 2922 Seasonal exploitation of juvenile blue antelope (Hip- shells were obtained from the stratum and found to be belonging potragus leucophaeus) during the at to 44 species of terrestrial, freshwater and marine molluscs. Besides, , South Africa: implications for modern hu- a total of 6200 unknown shells fragments were collected from the man origins same stratum. Landsnail shells belonging to 18 species and having a total of 1974 specimens were clearly dominant over freshwater Zooarchaeological evidence for the foraging strategies of Middle molluscs (17 species and 916 specimens) and marine Mediterra- Stone Age (MSA) hunter-gatherers plays a central role in unders- nean molluscs (9 species and 32 specimens). Among terrestrial tanding modern human origins. In this study we present evidence molluscs, Calaxis hierosolymarum and Cecilioides genezarethensis for a seasonally-focused strategy of juvenile blue antelope (Hippo- (family Ferrussaciidae) were the most dominant landsnails of that tragus leucophaeus, extinct) predation across all major MSA occu- Age. Freshwater molluscs were dominated by Semisalsa contempla pation phases at Blombos Cave, South Africa. At Blombos Cave, all and Pseudamnicola solitaria. Whereas Mediterranean snails were recovered blue antelope dentitions can be attributed to recently dominated by Glycymeris violascens and Glycymeris pilosus. The newborn calves. The pattern of blue antelope mortality at Blom- construction phase of the site (occupation phase) contained more bos is unique compared to that of blue antelope at other Middle specimens of molluscs than the destructive (abandonment) phase. and Later Stone Age sites and relative to other ungulates at Blom- The molluscan study and analysis revealed paleoclimatic variations bos Cave. On the basis of taxonomic analogy with extant roan (H. during the Late Bronze Age. It also reflected different patterns of equinus) and sable (H. niger) antelope, both of which are seasonal trade exchange, food source, and the use of molluscan shells as breeders, the systematic capture of blue antelope calves suggests a artifacts, including their use as ornaments, in traditional and ritual summer occupation at Blombos Cave, between January and March. activities by the inhabitants of the site. These results indicate that MSA humans practiced a seasonal mo- S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster bility strategy at Blombos Cave and provide evidence against the argument that, due to cognitive limitations, MSA foragers failed to FABRE Magali1, LECUYER Christophe2 & recognize seasonal variation in resource availability. 3 S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages BRUGAL Jean-Philip (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral 1, Laboratoire CNRS UMR 6636 « LAboratoire Méditerranéen de Préhistoire Europe Afrique », Maison Méditerranéenne des Sciences de l’Homme, 5 rue du château de l’Horloge, BP 647, 13094 Aix-en-Provence cedex 2, France ; [email protected] FARBSTEIN Rebecca 2, Laboratoire CNRS UMR 5125 « PaléoEnvironnements & PaléobioSphère », Université Claude The Courtauld Institute of Art, Somerset House, Strand, London WC2R 0RN, Rebecca.Farbstein@ Bernard Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, 69622 Villeurbanne, France ; Christophe.Lecuyer@univ- lyon1.fr courtauld.ac.uk 3, Laboratoire CNRS UMR 6636 « LAboratoire Méditerranéen de Préhistoire Europe Afrique », Maison Méditerranéenne des Sciences de l’Homme, 5 rue du château de l’Horloge, BP 647, The Materiality of Production: exploring variability and 13094 Aix-en-Provence cedex 2, France ; [email protected] choice in the production of Palaeolithic portable art Variations climatiques et comportements humains dans made in antler, bone and ivory l’Est de la France : analyses des isotopes de l’oxygène in- tégrées à l’étude : exemple de la Baume de Gigny (Jura, Antlers, tusks and bones of animals found in the faunal assembla- France) ges of Palaeolithic sites were also used to make Palaeolithic por- table art. This paper offers a new approach to studying art made La compréhension des modes de subsistances des chasseurs in these materials. Chaîne opératoire has been used by Palaeolithic cueilleurs ne peut se faire qu’en tenant compte de l’environnement archaeologists since Leroi-Gourhan (1964) first used the methodo-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 129 logy to reconstruct the production of stone tools. Recent conside- we tend to re-discover, by their contribution to the agricultural and rations of chaîne opératoire (Dobres 2000, 2001) highlight its poten- ecosystem equilibrium of the arid environments while the climate tial for studying both the “hardware” of production—the physical is changing. Also, reputed for their physiological particularities rela- processes of transforming raw material from its found form into a ted to their adaptation capacities to hash conditions of the deserts cultural artefact—and the social factors underlying these actions. an its margins, they represent a biological model for the researchers Chaîne opératoire is used here to recover material selection and of various disciplines. Their place in the modern world has to be re- modification choices apparent in Palaeolithic portable art made evaluated with the consideration of theses tendencies in organic raw materials including ivory, bone and antler. These S1-3, Old World Camelids, oral materials prove a valuable assemblage in which to explore the in- terrelated technical and social issues of material acquisition, social FEDELE Francesco G. organisation, individual choice, and transformation of object and Laboratorio di Antropologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 meaning through practice and production. Case studies of art from Napoli/Naples, Italy. [email protected] Gravettian sites in Central Europe and Magdalenian sites in Western Europe illustrate this approach. This focus on materiality (following Camels, donkeys and caravan trade: an emerging context Miller 2005) and technology (following Lechtman 1977, Lemonnier from Barāqish (Jawf, Yemen) 1993) offers new insight into the relationship between art produc- tion and the construction and reinforcement of cultural meaning in Work at Barāqish (ancient Yathill) by the Italian Archaeological Mis- the Palaeolithic. sion in 2005-06 has produced new radiocarbon-dated evidence for S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral the presence of dromedaries in Sabaean and Minaean Yemen. Two stratigraphic sequences are available: a sounding within the city (A/ FARINA Vittorio1, MURA Emilio1, MURA S1) covering the c.1300-650 BC interval, and a radial trench outside Arcadia1, BALZANO Francesca1, LEPORE the walls across the talus (excavation C/S1), starting at c.820 BC and documenting the whole sequence up to the Islamic era. Abundant 1 1 Gianluca , GADAU Sergio , MELIS Maria animal remains including camels were retrieved from both se- Grazia2 & ZEDDA Marco1 quences, and the Sabaean (c.820-600/550 BC) and Minaean/Arab (c.550-1 BC) assemblages from the over-wall excavation have been 1, Department of Animal Biology, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, [email protected] studied. Skeletal morphology and size indices show that domestic 2, Department of Humanities and Antiquity, University of Sassari, piazza Conte di Moriana 8, dromedaries were already present in the late 9th century BC, the 07100 Sassari, Italy, [email protected] earliest such occurrence in Yemen together with Hajar ar-Rayhānī and Yalā. A single find reveals that wild dromedary herds (Camelus Reconstruction of the economical and social features of sp.) still existed in the general area during the 7th century BC. Of an Eneolithic settlement in Sardinia based on animal re- particular interest is the archaeological context, linking these Sa- mains baean-age camels to campsites possibly formed by non-residents or ‘traders’. This pattern develops distinctly during the 6th to first The settlement of Su Coddu in the neighbourhood of Selargius, centuries BC, with trade-jar handling posts outside the walled city Sardinia was dug out from 1981, though its existence was known and the frequent stationing of dromedaries and donkeys on the even before. It dates back to the late Neolithic and early Eneolithic lower talus (dung layers). Both species but especially the camel also Age (radiocarbon dating: 4708-4350 BP). Its study has been of great provided meat. Such data directly support the pivotal role of Yathill interest as is one of the few prenuragic Sardinian sites which has in the overland caravan trade, but also evoke the agricultural im- been undergoing interdisciplinary studies carried out by archaeo- portance of its oasis in spite of a probably declining land context. logists, paleobotanists, archaeozoologists, geologists, etc. Wild dromedaries may have been present as late as the 5th century During excavations, thousands of animal remains were brought BC. These findings will be evaluated in terms of osteology, chrono- to light. Materials classified so far consist in vertebrate bones and logy, and comparative significance for SW Arabia. teeth belonging to both domestic (sheep, goat, cow and pig) and S1-3, Old World Camelids, oral wild species (deer, wild boar and Prolagus). In addition, a high amount of sea shells (mostly Solen marginatus, Tapes decussatus, FEDELE Francesco G. Cerastoderma edule, Ostrea edulis) and one jaw from gilthead (Spa- Laboratorio di Antropologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 rus aurata) weighing about 1.2 kg were found. The identification Napoli/Naples, Italy, [email protected] of the species, as well as the careful observation of bone surfaces, where cut or working marks were frequently found, suggest that Halaf-Ubaid archaeofaunas from the Hamrīn Basin, they could be meal remains, letting us reconstruct the economy eastern : Tell Hassan and Tell Abū Husayni of the village, supposed to be based on sea-shell gathering and fishing, along with breeding and hunting. Moreover, mitochondrial A first report is presented on the prehistoric archaeofaunas of DNA is being extracted, amplified and sequenced from sheep and Halaf and Ubaid age from the Italian participation in the Hamrīn goats with the aim of pointing out possible variation and therefore salvage campaign, resulting from the construction of a dam on characterizing the genetic profile of Eneolithic sheep and goat po- the Diyāla River in 1977-80. The most important faunal collec- pulation in Sardinia. tion was derived from Tell Hassan, an almost ‘flat’ site at the edge Research financed by P5a grant from Sardinian Region. of the floodplain. Subsequent Halaf and Ubaid occupations are S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster documented, with settlement peaking during the Late Halaf and Ubaid 3 phases (end-6th to early 5th millennium BC). This FAYE Bernard information is supplemented by bone samples from Tell Abū Husayni, a large settlement of the Late Ubaid period (late 5th CIRAD-ES , Campus international de Baillarguet TA C/dir B 34398 Montpellier Cedex France, [email protected] millennium BC). The domestic species include sheep, goats, cattle and pigs, in decreasing frequencies, followed by the dog. The Camelids today; stakes and potentials Game animals are represented by Gazella subgutturosa, hemio- nes, asses, wild boars, wild goats and sheep, in addition to the Although quantitatively marginal among the herbivore species occasional aurochs and a number of lesser species. Hunting and domesticated by man (0.4 % of the global herds), the large Came- catching seem to have increased during Ubaid times. Caprine, lids occupy almost all the arid lands of the old world (excepted in gazelle and equid bone was selectively used in tool making western Africa) and are spread on 35 millions km². They specially throughout the prehistoric sequence. The Hamrīn (c.105 m asl) add a considerable value through their zootechnical potential that occupies an intermontane trough between the first two upland

130 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 ridges northeast of Baghdād. Its position and biogeographic FERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ Carlos1, BEJEGA- features contributed in making the basin a crossroads of parti- 2 cular interest. Ecologically it represents a different region from GARCÍA Víctor & GONZÁLEZ-GÓMEZ-DE- 3 the Mesopotamian lowlands, at the interface between the sub- AGÜERO Eduardo desertic alluvial plain and the dry-farming steppes of the Iranian 1. Department of History, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León (Spain) Plateau. Historically, the basin often lay at the intersection of [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] a ‘northern’ and a ‘southern’ region within the Mesopotamian Shellfish gathering during the Iron Age and Roman times cultural area. In the context of this biogeographic and cultural in the Northwest of the Iberian Peninsula background the occurrence of equids and gazelles will particu- larly be discussed. In the archaeological record of the north-west of the Iberian Pe- ninsula there is virtually no reference to the use of marine resour- S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral ces before the Iron Age. In this period, the 1st millennium BC, the building of stable and fortified settlements known as ‘Castros’ sug- gests a more intensive use of the environmental resources in order to meet the supply needs. The dumps of the coastal settlements often include large numbers of shells, as a result of the gathering and consumption of marine shellfish, mixed with other types of re- mains: mammals and fish bones, but also other organic and inorga- nic materials. The study of these remains illustrates the existence of different strategies in the exploitation of the marine environment. The Romanization process of this area causes major economic shifts that also affect these marine resources. The demand of these products, especially of oysters, encouraged trade relationships between coastal towns and villages and those inland, a previously unknown activity between hillfort settlements in the Iron Age and even in Roman times. S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - Shell middens and shells as a food resource, oral

FERNÁNDEZ Pablo M.1 & CRUZ Isabel2 1, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, 3 de febrero 1370 (C1426BJN) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, [email protected] 2, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral – Unidad Académica Río Gallegos, Lisandro de la Torre 1070 (9400) Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina, [email protected] The fox, the hare and the sheep. Bone modifications in a modern carnivore den at the deciduous Andean forest (Cholila, Argentina) Analysis of modifications recorded on a bone assemblage from a modern carnivore den (Site 37 near Cholila locality, Chubut prov- ince, Argentine, 42°30´S-71°30´W) is presented. The aim is to char- acterize carnivore’s taphonomic action at the deciduous Andean forest. Different lines of evidence (taxonomic composition of bone assemblage, anatomic profiles, and scat analysis) show that foxes (Lycalopex culpaeos or L. griseus) are the main taphonomic actors in- volved in bone accumulation. Lepus sp. (47%) and ovicaprid (45%) FERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ Carlos specimens dominated bone assemblage (NISP= 340). Flying birds Department of History, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León (Spain) and small rodents are scarcely represented. Elements from the ap- [email protected] pendicular skeleton prevail in the hare assemblage, whereas most of the ovicaprid elements correspond to the axial skeleton. Birds are From subsistence in hillforts to the supply of cities: ef- represented by wing elements, whereas rodent remains are from fects of Romanization on the faunal record in the Nor- the entire skeleton. Hare, ovicaprid and birds bones exhibit carni- thwest of the Iberian Peninsula vore damages (ca. 12% each taxa). Punctures are the most frequent type of gnawing mark. The morphology and the small size of a high The Romanization process in the northwest of the Iberian Penin- proportion of these punctures suggest two alternative hypotheses (the former more probable than the second one): (a) fox puppies sula is reflected in many aspects of the archaeological record, are involved, implying a context of breeding den or (b) these marks from the ones related to settlement patterns (towns) to those are the product of a small carnivore not yet identified. associated with the most common elements of everyday life. S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster Zooarchaeological analyses carried out in recent years have enabled us to determine the existence of important differen- FEULNER Frederick, CRAIG Oliver & ces not only between records of the Iron Age and Roman times, but also between the native settlements and the newly created EDMONDS Mark ones. New species are found in this geographical area (geese, Department of Archaeology/BioArCh, The University of York, PO Box 373, York, YO10 5YW, UK, dromedaries, and so on) and substantial changes are seen in the [email protected]; ol@@palaeome.org ; [email protected] pattern of livestock; there is also a growing number of pets and Tracking Neolithic Cattle by Multiple Light Stable Isotope a boost in trading, especially of marine products () in- land. Analysis S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: The Neolithic period is marked by the advent of the so called “Neoli- archaeozoological evidence, oral thic Package” in which agriculture and dairying had a strong impact

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 131 on social and economic life. Another feature appeared in the wake for the death, dispersal and ultimate accumulation of bones from of the “wave of advance”: causewayed enclosures. The function waterhole death assemblages. Applying a novel method borrowed of these is not entirely confirmed but the use as camps, meeting from ecology and North American game hunters, digital game ca- points, market places, centres of worship, cattle keeps or just forti- meras were trained on kangaroo carcasses 24/7 to visually capture fied strongholds is under discussion. The of the effects of every scavenger. This technology, coupled with good Champ-Durand situated above the Marais Poitevin marsh land in old-fashioned visual examination of the faunal remains, enabled us western France was excavated between the late 1970s and 1980s. to qualify the effects of various scavengers with considerable ac- The camp was surrounded by a complex triple wall and ditch system curacy. ‘Traditional’ actualistic taphonomic studies of the effects of from which many well-preserved human and animal bones were scavenging use tracks, scats, visual sightings, and analyses of tooth recovered. Radiocarbon dating puts these burials into the Neolithic marks and fragmentation patterns. Our study found these methods period of between 3300-3100 calBC. Using strontium, sulphur and often fall short, failing to document for example, those scavengers oxygen isotope analysis on cattle teeth and bones offers an insight that eat soft tissue. We apply our resulting model to a contentious into whether the cattle was bred locally or acquired from further issue in Australian archaeology, the extinction of the megafauna at afield. By comparing the values of Sr acquired from the teeth and the Pleistocene site of Cuddie Springs, NSW. We address whether comparing them with values derived from the underlying distinc- the fossil faunal assemblage is likely the result of human agency or tive geology in this region and combining the results delivered by a natural accumulation, providing insight into the role of humans in O and S, it is possible to reconstruct spatial movement of cattle du- the great megafaunal extinction debate. ring their adolescence. Financed by the EU founded FP-7 “LeCHE- S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster group” it is possible to do extensive combined scientific research to enhance the results of the archaeological excavations. Fladerer Florian A.1,2, Salcher- S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: 1 1 integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology Jedrasiak Tina , Händel Marc & Simon Ulrich1 1 2 Fillios Melanie & LETNIC Mike 1, Prehistoric Commission, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Fleischmarkt 22, 1010 Vienna, AUSTRIA 1, AMMRF, Madsen Building F09, Room 268, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Sydney, 2, Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Geocenter, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, AUSTRALIA, [email protected] AUSTRIA [email protected] 2, School of Biological Sciences, A08 - Heydon-Laurence Building, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, AUSTRALIA, [email protected] Evidence of mammoth bone-grease manufacture within What about the dingo? Rethinking climate change as a a 27 ka BP Gravettian encampment at Krems an der Do- driving force in species change in Australian zooarchaeo- nau (Lower Austria)? logy Sampled bones from the Krems-Hundssteig loess quarry in the Climate change is increasingly cited as a driving force in diachronic years 1893-1904 and a small scale emergency excavation in 1930 species change in zooarchaeology. However, the introduction of at Krems-Wachtberg, ca. 90-150 m away, indicated an importance a new species may also play a key role in changes to species bio- of the woolly mammoth. The rescue excavations 2000-02 at Krems- diversity. This paper explores the role of an introduced predator, Hundssteig provided more detailed insights into the 27.5 ka BP the dingo, in Australian zooarchaeology and suggests that pre- camp spatial distribution, concerning bone size categories, body- dator abundance may have a greater affect than climate change part preferences and the age and season at death of prey animals. on species biodiversity. While dingoes have received attention as Processing zones, small fire-places with snack-like bone waste and agents of bone fragmentation and accumulation, as well as for a larger discard area could be identified, but no distinct dwelling their commensal relationship with Aboriginal people, study has not structure was found. Mammoth limb bones with cleaving scars as well as anatomical units were discovered at the discard zone. been directed to the meta-role of dingoes as prey regulators and In 2005, the new Krems-Wachtberg excavations started, very close the subsequent impact on human behavioural ecology that direct to the 1930 area. The most striking finds up till now are three infant competition between dingoes and humans could have produced. burials and a compacted living floor that includes a one meter wide Given the marked effects that dingoes have on contemporary kan- hearth with pits dug into the loess subsoil. It contains 100s of partly garoo abundance and the human economy, we argue that dingoes burnt compact bones flakes with helical fracture morphology, and likely shaped the human economy in the past through human- 10,000s tiny, burnt fragments of compact as well as of cancellous dingo competition for the same resources. Competition between bone. The analysis has resulted in the interpretation of the patterns humans and dingoes is investigated in the archaeological record as being produced during bone-grease manufacture and by subse- by comparing the relative frequency of prey of different body sizes, quent burning of the waste. The mammoth, by its dominant NISP as as well as the degree of fragmentation of skeletal elements, pre and well as by reconstructed MNI was a focal game. It was followed by post-dingo. Preliminary results show a shift in prey species post- horse, reindeer, and ibex. The conclusions were tested against the 3500 BP coincident with the arrival of the dingo on the Australian hypothesis of destruction of the bones merely for fuel. continent. This correlation suggests that we should reconsider cli- S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World mate change as the sole driving force in species change through during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral time. S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral FLETCHER John FILLIOS Melanie Reediehill Deer Farm, Auchtermuchty, Scotland. [email protected] The University of Sydney, Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, Madsen F09, Why we never domesticated the red and fallow deer Sydney NSW, 2006 Australia, [email protected] Much discussion and conjecture has surrounded the question as Documenting the macabre: Using game cameras to ge- to why deer were never domesticated given the close relationship nerate taphonomic models of waterhole faunal death they have had with humankind in Europe and Asia since at least the assemblages in the Australian semi-arid zone mesolithic. It has been proposed that they were ‘cynegeticised’. This paper draws on the author’s experiences of working with live deer, Can zooarchaeologists really reconstruct everything that happens and suggests why they were not domesticated. It is proposed that to an animal after death? This experimental study documents the by feeding browse, deer could have been readily tamed and pos- effects of scavenging on several kangaroo carcasses in waterhole sibly enclosed within natural hedges as recent ecological research contexts in the Australian Outback to generate taphonomic models has indicated was possible. Feeding browse is known to have per-

132 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 mitted selective culling within post-medieval systems of managing une série de sondages archéologiques ont été réalisés sous la direc- wild deer in England. This theory would also answer the long stan- tion de Philippe Fosse, durant lesquels un grand ensemble archéo- ding conundrum as to how the very large numbers of antlers requi- zoologique a pu être récupéré. Cet ensemble fut postérieurement red for mining and construction work could have been collected. analysé, autant d’un point de vu taxonomique que taphonomique. It is argued here that this created the basis for the deer park which Sur ce poster, nous avons voulu vous présenter les résultats de ces demonstrated man’s control over a wild and iconic object symbo- analyses. La Grotte Blanche a été occupé de façon intense par l’Ur- lising potency and dynastic regeneration. These qualities were also sus Speleaus, et ponctuellement par d’autres carnivores: vulpes et associated with the meat, the sale of which became a tabu which panthera, au long de différents épisodes d’occupation. Le peuple- persists in N America where it remains a felony to sell venison. Gifts ment d’Ursus speleaus représenté dans cet ensemble, se compose of venison, as in the 600 year long English ‘Royal Warrant’, were d’une grande proportion d’animaux immatures, de nouveaux nés, ways in which the donor could purchase favours. In the same way de petits, et quelques exemples adultes. Un grand pourcentage de zoologists have argued that hunting chimpanzees use meat to win ces restes présentent des marques de consommation: rongements, sexual and political favours from other chimpanzees. perforation, destructions produites par d’autres exemplaires qui se nourrissaient des charognes de la même espèce. Finalement, nous S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, poster avons pu aussi noter un nombre important de restes de marmota. L’incidence de ce rongeur sur la taphonomie du site se manifeste de FORSTENPOINTNER Gerhard, deux manières. D’une part, en creusant sa tanière dans les niveaux WEISSENGRUBER Gerald & GALIK Alfred stratigraphiques de site, et d’autre part, en détruisant les restes archéozoologiques. En rongeant avec des incisions parallèles les University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. bords longitudinaux des os, l’animal obtenait une claire usure des [email protected]; [email protected]; alfred.galik@[email protected] incisives, et produisait des effets caractéristiques sur la taphonomie de l’ensemble. Faunal remains from the necropolis of Elateia (Phokis, S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster Greece) 1 1 While the oldest tombs of the necropolis of Elateia have been built FOURVEL Jean-Baptiste , FOSSE Philippe , 2 near the onset of the Mycenean period (LH IIIA1) during the 14th LESUR-GEBREMARIAM Joséphine & c. BC, a first phase of intensive funerary activity lasted from the MONCHOT Hervé 1,3 ending 12th c. (LH IIIC) until the 10th c. BC (Early Protogeometric), th 1, UMR 5608 CNRS, Université de Toulouse le Mirail, 5 allées Antonio-Machado, F-31058 at a small scaled level continuing until the 8 c. Following a break Toulouse cedex 1 , France, [email protected] , [email protected] of more than 600 years in Late Hellenistic and Roman times again 2, UMR 5197 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Ecologie et Gestion de funerals took place in the necropolis, not only reusing Mycenean la Biodiversité, 55 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France, [email protected] 3, UMR 5198 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département de Préhistoire, Institut tombs but also founding new sepulchral buildings. de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 rue René Panhard F-75013 Paris, France, herve.monchot@ Together with human skeletons excavation yielded significant wanadoo.fr amounts of faunal remains, showing patterns of deposition that most likely correspond with the proceeding of funerary practices. De l’acquisition à l’accumulation: analyse du transport Mycenean layers are characterized by remains of dogs and don- différentiel d’éléments squelettiques par des hyènes mo- keys, as well as other equids, while in Hellenistic and Roman fune- dernes (C. crocuta et H. hyaena) de Djibouti rals mainly meat-bearing body parts of cattle, caprines and pigs as La relation entre sites de collecte (kill-site, scavenging-site, natural- well as domestic fowls and egg shells are represented. However, a death site) et assemblages osseux en contexte de repaire est abor- Roman tomb, unmistakable by significant architectural features, dée par l’analyse d’assemblages modernes de Djibouti modifiés et/ yielded also two whole skeletons of young dogs, together with the ou accumulés par des Hyaenidae actuels. Cette étude s’intéresse carcass of a juvenile male sheep. In terms of taphonomy, interpre- aux différences de distribution et destruction osseuses entre site tation of findings from reused tombs requires scrutinizing caution, de collecte (9 aires d’acquisition) et repaire (4 repaires: 3 C. crocuta as deposition of domestic waste during the 600 years of neglect et 1 H. hyaena). La représentation squelettique par classe de taille cannot be excluded. d’ongulé, le degré de réduction des os et la présence d’éléments en Sepulchral depositions of equids and dogs are frequently proven connexion montrent une certaine complémentarité ; néanmoins from Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age sites in the Southern Greek elle n’est pas totale. L’absence dans le repaire de certains éléments mainland, Peloponnese, and Crete, but also from cemeteries of the pose le problème du transport différentiel depuis le site d’acqui- alpine Urnfield culture. On Cyprus the necropolis of Salamis yielded sition et suggère une étape intermédiaire au schéma théorique: impressive horse burials, probably taking up a tradition that went du lieu de collecte au repaire. Une consommation secondaire par back to Late Age. l’hyène sur une feeding place peut expliquer l’absence de certains Alimentary burial gifts in Late Hellenistic and Roman Age are a well- ossements. De plus l’action d’autres intervenants sur les stocks os- known feature of funerary practice, emphasizing the deposition of seux à l’extérieur ou à l’intérieur des repaires (autres prédateurs, poultry and eggs. Also dog burials in the context of cemeteries or compétition inter-spécifique, Hystrix) est à prendre en compte. La other ritual areas are proven several times. In contrast, consecrating reconnaissance de ces interventions permet ainsi de faire le lien en- of whole animal bodies within the tomb are exceptional findings, tre site de collecte et repaire en complétant le schéma théorique. maybe indicating outstanding wealth or prestige of the grave- Cette analyse néo-taphonomique actualiste constitue un élément owner. S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral comparatif pour la compréhension des assemblages fossiles. S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral

FOSSE Philippe¹ & VILLALUENGA Aritza² FRASER Rebecca1, STYRING Amy2, BOGAARD 1 Université Le Mirail, Toulouse II, Maison de la Recherche, Laboratoire Traces. Université de 1 3 2 Toulouse Le Mirail, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, Toulouse, France [email protected] Amy , CHARLES Michael , Evershed Richard , 2 Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Facultad de Letras, Dpto. de 3 4 Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología. Calle Tomás y Valiente s/n, Edificio Anejo, Laboratorio Halstead Paul , Heaton Tim , Jones 1.18ª [email protected] Glynis3, Kaufmann Bruno5, Schaefer La Grotte Blanche (Ariège, France), etude taphonomique Marguerita6 & Valamoti Soultana7 d’un site paleontologique d’ursus Spelaeus 1, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, [email protected]. 2, Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, amy.Styring@ La cavité connu sous le nom de Grotte Blanche se trouve en Ariège bristol.ac.uk, [email protected] (France) au pied des contreforts des Pyrénées. En 1999 et en 2001, 3, Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, [email protected], g.jones@

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 133 sheffield.ac.uk - or even semi-domesticated - to ensure access to meat. Scholars 4, NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, [email protected] 5, Anthropologisches Forschungsinstitut, Aesch, Basel, Switzerland have used both Classic art and early Colonial documents to argue 6, Institut für Prähistorische und Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, University of Basel for tamed deer and peccary and closely managed habitats, but this 7, Department of Archaeology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki has not been demonstrated archaeologically. We combine isotopic

15 assays with zooarchaeological and contextual evidence to examine Integrating bulk and amino acid compound-specific δ N how the Maya of the upper River valley managed animal re- values of animal, plant and human remains: Neolithic sources during the Late and Terminal Classic periods (AD 600-900). case studies in Greece and Germany Strontium isotope values in the tooth enamel of 65 samples from peccary (Tayassu sp.), brocket deer (Mazama sp.), tapir (T. bairdii), We present a new integrated approach to palaeodietary analysis and whitetail deer are used to identify the geographic source(s) of incorporating a broad food chain spectrum together with bulk and large game. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopes provide infor- amino acid-specific stable nitrogen isotope analysis. Using two mation on animal habitat. Our findings show that game at each of contrasting case studies, we consider, first, how bulk 15N values these sites was acquired from multiple locations, including some of plant remains alongside bulk 15N values of associated animals more than 15km away, and a variety of habitats that included agri- and humans inform palaeodietary interpretation; and, secondly, cultural fields and forests. No evidence of foddering or other direct how amino acid compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis of management of game is present, even for special-use contexts. bone collagen can refine these interpretations. In particular, we S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: will focus on comparison of wild and domestic herbivore diet at integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral Neolithic Vaihingen, Germany and Neolithic Makriyialos, Greece. By analysing potential plant food sources alongside their theorised FREMONDEAU Delphine1, HORARD- consumers, and incorporating amino-acid compound-specific ni- 3 trogen isotope analysis, we hope to improve understanding of ani- HERBIN Marie-Pierre², CUCCHI Thomas , mal management and ecology at these early farming sites. TRESSET Anne4 & BALASSE Marie5 S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] 2, Université de Tours, laboratoire Archéologie et Territoire, UMR 6173 (CITERES), MSH, 33-35 1 2 avenue de Lesseps, 37200 Tours, [email protected] FREIWALD Carolyn & PILLAERT E. Elizabeth 3, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] 1. Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, 4, CNRS, USM 303/UMR 7209, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, bâtiment d’anatomie Madison, WI 53706 USA, [email protected] comparée, case postale 56, 55 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, [email protected] 2. University of Wisconsin-Madison Zoological Museum, 250 N. Mills St., Madison, WI 53706 USA, 5, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : [email protected] sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] Zooarchaeology in modern settings: the life and death of Double farrowing and feeding practices during the se- the Galapagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki) cond Iron Age in Région Centre, France: Isotopic contribu- tion to Celtic pig husbandry Zooarchaeological techniques are used to reconstruct a variety of human behaviors, from hominid hunting practices millions of years Conventional archaeozoological methods have revealed the oc- ago, to Neolithic religious practices, to study of differential status in currence, in ancient Gaul, of zootechnics improvements during the historic cities and towns. Zooarchaeological methods also provide course of the second Iron Age, reflecting an intensification of pork new and unique insight into modern human behaviors. We exami- production. Pig husbandry not only supported a growing popula- ned skeletal remains of sea lions (Z. wollebaeki) salvage collected tion, thus contributing to the revival of an urbanization process, between 1973 and 1995 from the Galapagos Islands to evaluate but produced also extra-stock for exportation. Nowadays, isotopic potential impacts of growing human populations on the health analysis methodology allow us to address issues such as breeding and mortality of this indigenous species. This presentation reviews and feeding practices, specifically interesting for pig breeding, due how sea lion interactions with other species, conspecific violence, to the biology of this species. Birth seasonality and diet can be in- and common health problems can be identified in faunal remains. vestigated by analysis of stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios Our main findings evidence widespread poaching, specifically for respectively, in pig teeth (inferior incisives, canines and molars), by canine extraction, and an absence of unintentional impacts on pro- sampling a sequence of horizontal bands of enamel from the top tected sea lion populations. We also discuss other health problems to the bottom of the tooth crown. In order to understand how the that contribute to sea lion mortality in the Galapagos Islands. We isotopic signal is recorded during the crown formation, we have un- identified nearly all pathologies in complete skeletons, while ob- dertaken the establishment of the first modern comparative. This servations on skull-only and partial specimens were rare, a finding referential includes free ranging traditionnal corsican pigs, and cor- that has important implications for museums and archaeologists sican wild boars. Once the factors of the isotopic variation in teeth establishing faunal collections. enamel is better understood, the ultimate goal is to compare this S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, poster modern dataset with celtic pigs of Levroux (Indre, France), where previous studies have shown changes in slaughtering strategies. FREIWALD Carolyn, YAEGER Jason, The objective is to evidence, in the celtic pigs, if wether or not this evolution, occurring from the IInd century BC to the Ist century AD, is PRICE T. Douglas & BURTON James H. correlated with changes in diet and birth management. Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: Madison, WI 53706 USA, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; jhburton@ archaeozoological evidence, poster wisc.edu FRIESEN T. Max1 & STEWART Andrew M.2 Late Classic Maya Game Management: A case study from 1, Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2S2, the Belize River Valley CANADA, [email protected] 2, Strata Consulting, 528 Bathurst St., Toronto, ON, M5S 2P9, CANADA, andrew@strata-geoarch. One of the most perplexing aspects of the Classic Maya Subsis- ca tence economy is the heavy reliance on wild game to feed dense populations. Whitetail deer (O. virginianus) is the most frequently Caches on the Kazan: anatomy of caribou storage in the identified species in most zooarchaeological assemblages. A sub- Barrenlands of northern Canada sistence regime with limited use of domesticated animals has led some to argue that meat was rare in the diet of most Maya, while Rangifer tarandus is a critical species for many modern and ancient others have suggested that wild species were carefully managed societies, due to its large body size, migratory herd behaviour, deli-

134 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 cious meat, and status as a source of important non-food products Reconstructing Middle Age Horse Transport by Isotope such as skin and antler. It is equally critical to zooarchaeological Analysis method and theory, since it has provided a platform for understan- ding many aspects of past human behaviour. This paper is based Reconstructing human mobility in past is very difficult, but impor- on research on the Kazan River in northern Canada, which brought tant for human history and evolution study. Recently, Human mo- together Inuit elders with archaeologists to understand a series bility and movement has been researched by isotope analyses that of major caribou crossing sites. The sites contained bone in many use heavy and light element isotopes. However, reconstructing hu- contexts, but were particularly noteworthy for a great diversity of man movement using isotope analyses is too much problems (e.g. caches, ranging from one containing a single complete caribou to eating marine resource, using pottery and dish with diet). Other, several dominated by a single element category such as mandibles horse and cattle is little problems for reconstructing movement or cervical vertebrae. In this paper, we will present and discuss this than human. Thus, Reconstructing horse transport can indirectly, variability in relation to general issues such as season of occupation but preciously reconstruct and evaluate human mobility and mo- and storage methods; and also with reference to more particular vements. We tried to reconstruct human, dog, cat, cattle, and horse aspects of Inuit lifeways. movements by strontium, oxygen, and carbon isotope analyses S2-7. Circumpolar archaeozoology: Arctic hunter-gatherers in context, oral at Yuigahama-Minami site in Kanagawa prefecture. In this results, we showed that Yuigahama’s horse movement range is wider than FRONTINI Romina1 & ESCOSTEGUY Paula2 human, dog and cat movement range based on strontium isotope analysis. 1CONICET – Departamento de Humanidades, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 12 de octubre y San Juan, 5to piso, of. 10. (8000), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina, [email protected] S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: 2CONICET – Instituto de Arqueología, FFyL, Universidad de Buenos Aires. 25 de Mayo 217, 3er integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral piso (1002), CABA, Argentina, [email protected]

Disturbance of archaeological materials by Chaetophrac- Gál Erika Archaeological Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1014, Úri u. 49, tus villosus at El Guanaco Locality, pampean region, Ar- Hungary, [email protected] gentine Evidence for the differential exploitation of Cervids at Chaetophractus villosus´ (Dasypodidae) activity, a species with the Early Bronze Age site of Kaposújlak–Várdomb (South burrowing habits, is one of the natural causes of disturbance of archaeological deposits at El Guanaco Locality, in the pampean Transdanubia, Hungary) region, Argentina. This species modifies the deposits in different The site of Kaposújlak–Várdomb provided the most abundant Early ways. First, it displaces material when digging and moving along Bronze Age assemblage of animal remains so far known in Trans- its caves. Second, materials that do not belong to the original de- danubia, Southwestern Hungary. Meat provisioning was based on posits are incorporated by the recolonization of the caves by other animal husbandry. The frequency of remains indicated the impor- species, such as anourous and birds. On the other side, the “arma- tance of cattle above all, but pig, and sheep as well as goat were dillos’” caves are keys for finding archaeological evidence in areas well represented in the assemblage. According to the distribution of low or null visibility. This contribution is part of a greater project of remains by age, cattle, sheep and goat may have been exploi- on taphonomic analysis of Chaetophractus villosus (a Pampean ar- ted for secondary products, while pig was mostly slaughtered at a madillo), whose final aim is to provide archaeological expectations young age. about the extent of the disturbation produced by this species. In Hunting and gathering seem to have been constant activities in this opportunity, two items are studied: the type and dimensions of the life of the site’s inhabitants as is evidenced by a variety of wild the displaced archaeological materials and their distribution. In this species and the outstanding number of antler remains. Clear dif- paper we present the results of a comparative analysis between the ferences between the number of bones from Cervids and antler archaeological materials collected from 15 currently active caves, fragments of red deer and roe deer, however, indicated differential and the remains collected in the sedimentary matrix identified as exploitation of these two species. The roe deer assemblage mostly cave filling during excavations of sites 1 and 2. As a general ten- included bones and a few antler fragments, while tools made from dency, it was possible to establish that Chaetophractus villosus re- roe deer antler were not found. Contrary, red deer seems to have 2 moves both lithic and faunal materials, measuring 3 cm or smaller; been rarely hunted, but the abundant assemblage included various 2 exceptionally, elements of 5 cm are moved. The distribution regis- implements made from antler, in addition to blanks and fragments tered during the excavations of currently active caves indicates that representing workshop and raw material. The abundant there is a concentration of materials deposited around the caves´ deposit of red deer antler is tentatively linked to the exploitation mouths, but this pattern was not recorded while excavating the of woodland habitat as well as earth workings at Kaposújlak–Vár- sediments filling the caves. domb, the most important fortified settlement from the Bronze S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster Age in Transdanubia.

1 2 GAKUHARI Takashi , UETSUKI Manabu , S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral UZAWA Kazuhiro3, HONGO Hitomi4, MUKAI Hitoshi5, NAKANO Takanori6, YUMOTO Gál Erika 7 8 Archaeological Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1014, Úri u. 49, Takakazu , YONEDA Minoru Hungary, [email protected] 1. Bioscience Bldg 502, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan, [email protected] Walrus on the side of the Drava? An ivory belt plaque 2. Yamanashi Prefectural Museum, 1501-1 Misaka-cho Narita, Fuefuki, Yamanashi, 406-0801 Japan, [email protected] found in a Turkish garrison in South-Western Hungary 3. University of East Asia, 2-1 Ichinomiya-gakuen-cho, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, 751-8503 Japan. [email protected] Archaeological excavations carried out on the area of the Castle 4. The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shonan Village, Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193 Japan. [email protected] of Barcs in South-Western Hungary in 1989-2003 yielded the most 5. National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506 abundant animal bone assemblage from this period in Hungary. Japan. [email protected] According to historical documents, the garrison has been erected 6. Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 603-8047 Japan. [email protected] and settled by 170-200 Turkish watchers in 1567-1664 and provi- 7. Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, ded the landing stage on the bank of the Drava. 603-8047 Japan. [email protected] 8. Bioscience Bldg 502, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562 The belt plaque carved out from the basic segment of a walrus tusk Japan,. [email protected] represents the most interesting find of animal origin. The margin

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 135 of the 52.3 mm long, 39.1 mm wide and 6.5-7.0 mm thick object is GARCÍA-VIÑAS Esteban1, BERNÁLDEZ symmetrically engraved. The exterior of the plaque is decorated by 1,2 1 four lines most probably representing a plant symbol. The back side Eloísa & OCAÑA Aurora is heavily polished. According to the two series of drillings and (re- 1. Laboratorio de Paleobiología. Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico, Avda. de los Descubrimientos nº1, 41092 Sevilla (Spain). [email protected] mains of) iron pins placed in a larger and a smaller triangle shape, 2. Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales. Universidad Pablo de Olavide. the plaque has been fixed two times or to two different belts. Carretera de Utrera Km1, 41013 Sevilla (Spain). [email protected] The belt plaque is one of the rare luxury objects in addition to a de- corated knife from Styria and a few pottery of Balkan and Chinese Dumps of snails: ¿Natural o Anthropogenic processes? Pre- origin. Since only simple people were living in the garrison, these liminary study. items may have been arrived to the castle through trade or other In the archaeological sites of the SW of the Iberian Peninsula little similar ways. dumps of land snails have frequently been found since Prehistory. The object from Barcs is the second artefact carved out from walrus This case probably reflects the traces of human activity. However, tusk in Hungary. The other object represents a fragment of a crosier could it possible that these dumps were produced by a natural pro- and it was found in a medieval grave deposit of the Veszprémvgyöl- cess at a period of time when these moluscs were inactive? We will gy convent in Western Hungary. try to explain the origin of deposits of snails by making a survey of S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster statistics to contrast hypotheses comparing biometric analyses from different groups of snails; those collected people who usually consume snails in 2009, those found in plants where these moluscs Gál Erika accumulate at the end of the summer of 2009 and those registered in Archaeological Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1014, Úri u. 49, archaeological sites: “La Gallega” (2400 a. C.; Valencina de la Concep- Hungary, [email protected] ción, Seville), “El Carambolo” (s. VII a. C.; Camas, Seville), “Cerro de la Albina” (s. VII a. C.; Puebla del Río, Seville), “Almagra” (12th Century Tracking the hunters: archaeozoology of the Palaeolithic b. C. Huelva) and “Hospital de las Cinco Llagas” (12th Century b. C. and Mesolithic Periods in Hungary Seville). This analysis can show a trend in archaeological sites, even not being a statistically significant number of samples. In the future Archaeozoological investigations carried out at Palaeolithic and the number of samples will be enough for obtaining distinguishing th Mesolithic sites date back to the end of the 19 century, when exca- criteria between human-induced and natural dumps of snail shells. vations at number of cave sites both on the territory of the former S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and modern-day Hungary have been carried out. The famous palaeolithic sites of Vértesszőlős and Érd, GARDELLA Kristen R. as well as Istállóskő Cave and Szeleta Cave are probably the most Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, University Museum Room 325, 3260 widely know localities, whose finds still represent items worth stu- South Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA, [email protected] dying both for local and foreign scholars. In this paper, the author presents the research history of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic sites as Inka feasting and the past: Spaces of celebration, integra- well as results from the recent excavations. Traditionally, archaeo- tion and memory construction at Tiwanaku, Bolivia zoological research at Upper Pleistocene archaeological sites has In the Andes, one of the most significant and effective strategies in been carried out by palaeontologists, many of whom developed expanding and consolidating geographical boundaries as well as in innovative, new approaches to this type of data. strengthening social relations between communities within those S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, oral boundaries was the exchange of food and drink. Feasts are transfor- mative processes whereby food, drink, and ritual performance em- Galindo-Pellicena María Ángeles1 & body and enable political ties, social bonds, and restitution for social 2 debts and obligations. One of the methods by which the Inka Empire Arsuaga Juan Luis spread and maintained power in the Lake Titicaca Basin was most li- 1, Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, c/Sinesio Delgado 4, kely through large-scale public events centered around feasting and pab.14, Madrid, Spain ([email protected]; drinking, evidence of which was recovered during archaeological ex- 2, Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, c/Sinesio Delgado 4, pab.14, Madrid, Spain ([email protected]) cavations by the Proyecto Arqueológico Pumapunku-Akapana. The data derived from my research supports the idea that the then-aban- The evidence of exploitation of Capra and Ovis within doned site of Tiwanaku, Bolivia was an important regional center for the Bronze Age levels at El Portalón (Atapuerca, Burgos, the Inka during the Late Horizon (AD 1476 – 1534). I believe that Inka feasts were an important part of creating and distributing a sha- Spain) red identity to disparate and possibly resistant populations. Through analysis of remains of feasting events, I focus on spaces that were uti- The archaeological site of El Portalón is found at the entrance of a lized for camelid production and consumption as nodes for the crea- large karstic system known as Cueva Mayor, located in the Sierra de tion and preservation of social and cultural affiliations. I will address Atapuerca (Burgos), in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. While the the nature of ritual feasting, integration of diverse peoples, and the site’s chronology ranges from 30,000 B.P. to 1,000 B.P., the excava- dissemination of political, social, and ideological information in the ted area has been divided into 11 stratigraphic units, including the southern Lake Titicaca Basin during the Late Horizon at Tiwanaku. lower Late Pleistocene, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Early and S2-3, Empires, oral Middle Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman, and Medieval periods (Carre- tero et al. 2008). During the Bronze Age, the faunal remains show a GARGANI Maria1, PARISET Lorraine1, clear dominance of domestic versus wild species, with ovicaprine 2 1 livestock as the most abundant. Remains of Ovis aries and Capra DE MINICIS Elisabetta & VALENTINI Alessio hircus were selected through taxonomical and anatomical analysis 1, Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali;, Facoltà di Agraria, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 for further demographic studies. Mortality profiles based on the Viterbo Italy, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2, Dipartimento di Scienze del Mondo Antico, Facoltà di Conservazione dei Beni Culturali, Università analysis of the mandibular remains were made using Grant’s (1982) degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100Viterbo Italy, [email protected] and Payne’s method (1973, 1987), and for isolated teeth using Du- cos’ method (1968). These profiles allow differentiation of the type Analysis of microsatellite markers in medieval cattle re- of animal exploitation into primary products (meat) or secondary mains from central Italy products (milk and fleece). The study of DNA from archaeological remains offers a valuable tool S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, poster to interpret the history of ancient animal populations. However, some

136 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 technical problems makes the analysis of ancient DNA very difficult. Debate continues over the possible role of humans in the Late Pleis- The objectives of this study are: identifying suitable microsatellites tocene faunal extinctions and the nature of possible interactions markers that can be used in ancient livestock remains; performing between humans and megafauna. If megafauna were indeed hu- a comparative analysis between ancient cattle remains and extant man prey then it is important to try and understand the economic breeds. utility of relevant target prey, and where and how they were taken. Four microsatellites (hel1, csrm60, inra005, hel9) with an allelic length While two Australian studies have attempted to evaluate the eco- shorter than 160bp, so suitable for degraded DNA, were selected from nomic utility of select macropod species (kangaroo and wallaby), FAO list (www.faostat.fao.org) and amplified on medieval cattle. DNA the data for another important target prey – the Australian Emu was extracted from cattle bones from Ferento, an archaeological site (Dromaius novaehollandiae) – has yet to be compiled. Understan- near Viterbo, central Italy. The microsatellites were PCR amplified and ding modern prey selection, butchery patterns and food sharing in analyzed using a CEQ 8800 sequencer. A successful amplification for modern contexts may provide important interpretive frameworks samples was obtained using 3 microsatellites (hel1, csrm60, inra005). for the zooarchaeological record. This poster presents the results of Allelic data from these three markers were compared with those a butchery and economic utility study of the emu in the semi-arid obtained from 72 European cattle breeds. The genetic relationships zone of southeastern Australia. The results are discussed in consi- between modern and ancient cattle were investigated using a Baye- deration of the suggestion that open locations such as ephemeral sian clustering approach and a principal component analysis. Our waterholes may have been important prey acquisition foci in semi- preliminary data cluster Ferento samples together with some extant arid and arid contexts; and with reference to evidence from Cuddie Italian breeds. Springs, central northern NSW, where the bones of the extinct giant Our results indicate that microsatellite markers may be useful for the flightless birdGenyornis newtoni are found co-occurring with flaked study of ancient animal populations. stone artefacts between c. 30,000 to c. 36,000 years ago. These re- Next step will be to analyze a larger number of microsatellites to bet- sults also have important implications for understanding and inter- ter understand the relationship between ancient and extant cattle preting Australia’s unique suite of endemic fauna in general, and its breeds. zooarchaeological record. S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster GARVEY Jillian GAUDZINSKI-WINDHEUSER Sabine Archaeology Program, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3086, j.garvey@ Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum / Univ. Mainz, Schloss Monrepos, D-56567 Neuwied, latrobe.edu.au. GERMANY. [email protected] Bennett’s wallaby marrow quality vs quantity: Evaluating Hominin subsistence in the Old World during the Pleis- human decision-making and seasonal occupation in late tocene and early Holocene: New perspectives for future Pleistocene Tasmania research During the 25,000-year occupation of late Pleistocene southwest Tasmania, humans focused on the Bennett’s wallaby (Macropus Numerous archaeozoological studies have established that hun- rufogriseus) despite dramatic climatic and environmental changes ting of large mammals formed a key element of hominin’s/human’s during the height of the Last Glacial Maximum. With recent skele- biological and social evolution from very early on. As a result of a tochronological analysis of wallaby teeth suggesting that humans steadily growing methodological apparatus we are dealing with hunted in upland and lowland valleys on a coordinated seasonal implicit evidence here which we perceive in terms of a taphono- basis. The dominance of wallaby body parts in these assemblages, mical process rather than in terms of individual and social hominin in particular split hindlimbs, implies targeting of these elements behaviour. In consequence archaeozoology being the supreme for their relatively large flesh or marrow yields. Alternatively it may discipline in subsistence studies is unable to address the social and have been the quality of these resources that humans were see- biological implications for hunting. king. However the mechanisms for this seasonal and selective hun- Thus new directions in research are needed. In this paper we sug- ting/butchery have not been explored. gest high resolution analysis which should focus on high resolu- Arguments behind human decision-making in the selection of spe- tion archives, i.e. sites buried in envelopes characterised by very cific body parts of ungulates have highlighted possible motivators high sedimentation rates. The reconstruction of complete bios- including the quality of bone marrow, marrow cavity volume, and/ tratinomic sequences forms an additional avenue in this context. or processing time. These ideas are incorporated here to help in- Contextualisation of archaeozoological results with other evident terpret the Tasmanian assemblages and explore possibilities in the archaeological sources and the temporal and spatial structure of selection of specific wallaby’s body parts and the seasonal occupa- the archaeological record is also strongly recommended. tion of sites. Results from fatty acid analysis of wallaby meat and High resolution analyses provides perspectives for the revelation marrow across different seasons and geographical regions are dis- of distant hominin/human behaviour during the Pleistocene and cussed and compared to the economic utility of the wallaby, to de- early Holocene. termine if it was variation in marrow quality or quantity, or a com- S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World bination, that humans were seeking. Thus this unique Australian during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral zooarchaeological analogue has the potential to play an important role in discussing prehistoric human behaviour. GEIGL Eva-Maria S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral Institut Jacques Monod CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France, [email protected] paris-diderot.fr 1,2 2,3 GARVEY Jillian , FIELD Judith , Molecular taphonomy and the study of DNA preserva- 4 4 COCHRANE Brett & BONEY Chris tion 1, Archaeology Program, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3086, j.garvey@ latrobe.edu.au. Analyses of DNA preserved in archaeological bone bear the poten- 2, Australian Key Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, 2006, N.S.W. [email protected] tial of delivering answers to archaeological and biological questions 3, School of Philosophical and Historical Inquiry, The University of Sydney, 2006, N.S.W. that cannot be obtained by other approaches such as palaeonto- 4 Brewarrina Local Aboriginal Land Council, Brewarrina 2839 N.S.W. logy and archaeozoology, but can complete the information col- lected by these latter approaches. Ancient DNA, however, is hea- Emu butchery and economic utility: implications for un- vily degraded and transformed and so are the other biomolecules derstanding Australian zooarchaeology and megafau- that make up the living bone. Many physical and chemical factors nal extinctions influence the fate of those molecules. In order to understand the

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 137 chemical mechanisms of fossilisation and biomolecule preserva- the discussion on the existence of mammoth hunting during the tion, in particular DNA, we analysed in a large variety of archaeolo- Upper Palaeolithic and its possible influence on the extinction of gical bones known taphonomic factors (anthropogenic, biological, this pachyderm. geological, climatic, etc.), DNA degradation and the overall bone S4-2, Mammoth extinction: environmental vs anthropogenic factors, poster chemistry using FTICR mass spectrometry. We will present the cor- relations that we could establish based on the obtained data. GERMONPRÉ Mietje1, GALETOVA Martina2 & S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral SABLIN Mikhail V.3 1, Department of Palaeontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Siences, rue Vautier 29, 1000 GERBAULT Pascale & THOMAS Mark Brussels, BELGIUM. [email protected] 2, The Moravian Museum, Zelny trh 6, 659 37 Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC. [email protected] University College London, Wolfson House 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, UNITED 3, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, RUSSIA KINGDOM. [email protected]. [email protected] Palaeolithic dogs at the Gravettian Předmostí site, Czech Goat domestication process inferred from mtDNA se- Republic quences Předmostí is a very famous Gravettian site. Excavated since the The spread of farming into Europe during the Neolithic is depen- 1880s, it is notorious for its large human assemblage, unfortuna- dent on earlier developments in the Near-East. Routes of migration tely destroyed, and for its huge amount of mammoth remains, from and exchange are involved in the debate of how the Neolithic tran- more than 1000 individuals. But it is also an exceptional canid site sition spread into Europe. Studying the genetic diversity of animal delivering some 4000 bones of this taxon (Pokornỷ, 1951). Already livestock can help in tracing back some of these past events. Nota- in 1894, Maška mentioned in his diary the finding of a complete bly, domestic goat (Capra aegagrus) did not have any wild progeni- canid skeleton, possibly from a dog. Benecke (1994) recognised at tors in Europe (Capra hircus) before their arrival from the Near-East. Předmostí the first indications of wolf domestication, based on the Genetic studies on mitochondrial DNA have shown that the diver- lower jaws. We studied the large canid skulls from this site. In total sity of European domesticated goats (haplogroups A, C, F) repre- six complete skulls and 13 large fragments could be analysed. Two sents a subset of that of Near-Eastern bezoars, underlining the an- skulls could be assigned to the group of Palaeolithic dogs, one to cestral relationship between both species. Additionally an ancient the group of Pleistocene wolves, one to the group of captive wolves DNA study on Neolithic goats has shown that two (A and C) of these and two skulls fall in between groups. Half of the Předmostí canid haplogroups were present in the European Neolithic site analyzed. skulls have perforated braincases. In the ethnographic literature We used a coalescent approach (SERIAL SIMCOAL) in order to shed perforated skulls are often regarded as indicative of a ritual beha- some light on the questions of goat demography and migration viour. Also several modified canid canines were discovered. Likely, at the time of their domestication. SERIAL SIMCOAL was used to the large canids at Předmostí had an important ritual significance. assess the demographic processes underlying the genetic diversity Furthermore, it is possible that the Předmostí dogs helped with the observed in European and Near-Eastern goats, and the number of hunting of the mammoth. domestication events likely to have occurred. We modelled a num- S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World ber of demographic processes affecting the populations since the during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral beginning of domestication (10,000 years ago). At the end of each simulation, measures of genetic diversity were calculated, and the Giblin Julia I.1 & Daróczi-Szabó Márta2 goodness of fit of each model was evaluated. 1, The Ohio State University, Department of Anthropology, 4034 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, oral Avenue Columbus, OH 43210-1106, USA ([email protected]) 2, Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, Múzeum krt. 4/B, 1088, Budapest, Hungary (lea3@ citromail.hu) GERMONPRÉ Mietje1, SABLIN Mikhail2, KHLOPACHEV Gennady3 & Mobility and secondary product exploitation on the GRIGORIEVA Galina4 Great Hungarian Plain from the Neolithic and Copper Age: strontium isotope analysis from zooarchaeological 1, Department of Palaeontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium, [email protected] samples 2, Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia, msablin@ yandex.ru The strontium isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr) is used in archaeological 3, Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, 3, University Emb., 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia, [email protected] studies to identify major events of population movement in pre- 4, Institute for the Material Culture History RAS, 18, Dvortsovaya Emb., 196158 Saint-Petersburg, history such as migration and conquest. While strontium isotopes Russia from animal remains are often used to estimate the local value from which to compare and interpret human values, a growing literature Mammoth hunting at the Epigravettian Yudinovo site suggests that isotopes from the animals themselves may be a va- (Russian Plain) luable indicator of changes in livestock management strategies. From the Late Neolithic to the Copper Age in Hungary (ca. 4500 Late Palaeolithic mammoth hunting has been a controversial sub- BC) it has been hypothesized that the subsistence strategy shifted ject ever since large mammoth bone accumulations associated from mixed farming to a more agropastoral economy associated with prehistoric artefacts were discovered more than 100 years with the exploitation of secondary products. To test this hypothesis, ago. Detailed analyses of the mammoth bone complexes 3 and 4 the authors analyzed strontium isotopes from dental enamel from at the Epigravettian Yudinovo (pavilion) site were carried out. The several domesticated livestock species used by Neolithic and Cop- combination of the homogeneous weathering rate of the mam- per Age communities from the Great Hungarian Plain. It is expected moth bones, the isolated state of the skeletal elements, the re- that the results will identify a change in the range of strontium iso- stricted spatial range of the carnivore gnawing traces, the breakage tope values between the livestock from the Neolithic and the Cop- pattern of the bones, the sex ratio, the small body size of the adult per Age; Neolithic livestock (hypothetically kept locally) will have a mammoths and the age profile suggest that the bone complexes narrow range of values and Copper Age livestock (hypothetically at Yudinovo (pavilion) were constructed from bones extracted herded over a greater geographic area) will have a broader range from freshly killed mammoths. The bone complexes are therefore of values due to increased sources of strontium contributing to not natural death sites, nor modified natural death sites, and the the animals’ diet. Additionally, this study will evaluate whether this mammoth remains were not exploited from a natural bone bed. We method can be applied throughout Central and Eastern Europe to can conclude that mammoth hunting did exist in the Russian Plain test similar hypothesized shifts to agropastoral strategies. during the late Upper Palaeolithic. We hope our study can widen S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, poster

138 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 GIDNA Agnes & DOMINGUEZ- Sheep and goat although very similar morphology and size, they have different environmental tolerances, feeding habits and pro- RODRIGO Manuel ductive capacities. The differentiation of sheep and goat is impor- Complutense University. Fac. Geografia e BHistoria, c/prof. Aranguren s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain, tant step towards the improved understanding of caprine manage- [email protected], [email protected], ment in prehistory and historic periods. This paper will present an A taphonomic study of carcass modifications by modern assessment of reliability of all known morphological criteria for the african large felids mandible bone, deciduous and permanent teeth for sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus) for the first time on a large archaeo- Actualistic studies on carcasses of animals predated by chetaahs in logical assemblage of complete caprine skeletons, from Kerma, Maasai Mara and lions in Maasai Mara and Tarangire National Parks Sudan (3rd and 2nd millennia BC). This unique assemblage of com- provide the most accurate proxy thus far to understand how felids mo- plete caprine skeletons, allowed for the first time the verification dify bones and the signatures they imprint on their carcasses which of species determination of archaeological material by numerous can be potentially taphonomically identified. A comparative study of other morphological means. The reliability of all individual criteria these signatures contrasted with those documented in hyena-modi- are reviewed and assessed. We will demonstrate while on average fied bones is made to show similarities and differences. most criteria were reliable. The combination of all criteria on isola- S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral ted teeth was found also very reliable, except for M1. The species determination of isolated teeth increased when the less reliable GIFFORD-GONZALEZ, Diane1 individual criteria were excluded. We reviewed asymmetric criteria 1. Department of Anthropology, Social Sciences 1 Faculty Services, University of California Santa in depth and found there were no true asymmetric criteria except Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [email protected] the presence of caprine pillars on the first molar and the fourth deciduous premolar, in this population. Finally we will discuss the East African Pastoralism: Routes, Outcomes, Questions question of biological variability between modern and ancient ca- While the timing and details of the earliest pastoralism in East Africa are prine populations. still not completely clear, several findings over the last decade, when S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral read against the larger-scale record of Saharan-Sahelian pastoralism, suggest multiple points of entry, with variably “successful” outcomes. Ginja Catarina1, Amorim Isabel Rosário3, This presentation explores this evidence, assesses some underlying Cardoso João Luis4, Detry Cleia5, Davis assumptions about the nature of colonization with domesticates, and 5 6 6 advances some questions for further research. Simon , Matos José , Simões Fernanda , S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, oral Sá-Pereira Paula6, Mendonça Diogo6, 7 GILLIS Rosalind & VIGNE Jean-Denis Petrucci-Fonseca Francisco , Gama 2 1 8,9 UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, Luis , Penedo Cecília , Chikhi Lounés , pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] Gotherstrom Anders10, Svensson A reassessment of ageing sub-juvenile cattle in Neolithic Emma10, Gautier Mathieu11, Hanni contexts, with special reference to dairying practices Catherine12, Pires Ana Elisabete6,7 Recent work has found evidence of dental age mortality profiles for 1, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, cattle from Neolithic European sites indicate a strong peak of kill-off for [email protected]; [email protected] 2, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos, Fonte Boa, 2005-048 Vale de Santarém, Portugal, very young animals (below 2 months). Some of these mortality profi- [email protected] les also suggest dairying was an important component of subsistence 3, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias – CITAA, Universidade dos Açores, Terra Chã, 9700-851 strategies, in the form of a post-lactation peak ca. 9 months old. What Angra do Heroísmo, Terceira, Açores, Portugal, [email protected] 4, Universidade Aberta Palácio Ceia - Rua da Escola Politécnica - 141-147 1269-001 Lisboa, are the mechanisms behind these strong slaughtering peaks for very Portugal, [email protected] young animals: natural mortality, specialised management for dai- 5, Instituto de Gestão do Património Arquitectónico e Arqueológico, IP, Palácio Nacional da Ajuda 1349-021 Lisboa, Portugal, [email protected]; [email protected] rying, or a mixture of the two, and to what extent do taphonomy and 6, Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biológicos - Grupo de Biologia Molecular, 1649-038 Lisboa, methodology affect them? Previous ageing methods for sub-juvenile Portugal, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; paula. bones have focused on the length of unfused diaphyses. However, due [email protected]; [email protected] 7, Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências, Dep. Biologia Animal, Universidade de to taphonomic processes, un-fused bones are often poorly preserved Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, [email protected] and in fragmented archaeozoological assemblages complete diaphy- 8, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, no. 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal, [email protected] ses are rarely available. A large metrical dataset of modern young cattle 9, CNRS UMR EDB, Toulouse, [email protected] bones (including both epiphyses and diaphyses) has been defined to 10, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvagten 18D, 74236 Uppsala, define the size and shape of these elements across known age classes. Sweden, [email protected]; [email protected] 11, INRA, UMR de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France, These were compiled from modern reference material of known age, [email protected] sex and breed from collections in France, Britain, and Switzerland. This 12, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Paléogénétique et Evolution Moléculaire, 46 Allée paper will compare this dataset with archaeozoological assemblages d’Italie 69364 Lyon, France, [email protected] from several Early Neolithic sites from Western Europe, to assess and improve interpretations of dental age mortality profiles for cattle. Tracing back animal domestication in Iberia: clues from S3-3 The development and specialisation of dairying practices, poster zooarchaeology and ancient DNA

1 2 The Iberian Peninsula is considered a biodiversity “hotspot” because GILLIS Rosalind , CHAIX Louis & it suffered the influence of several cultures and it was also a Glacial 3 VIGNE Jean-Denis refugium. Native animal breeds were developed in Iberia and they 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, are locally adapted to specific geographic and climate conditions. pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] Extensive genetic data has been gathered for Portuguese native 2, Muséum d’histoire naturelle, 1 route de Malagnou, CH-1208 Genève, Suisse, louis.chaix@ bluewin.ch cattle and dogs showing that they harbor high genetic diversity 3, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, and are genetically structured. No phylochronological study has pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] been conducted to investigate past genetic diversity of Iberian breeds and the occurrence of local domestication. An assessment of the reliability of dental morphological We propose a phylochronological approach and a combination of criteria for discriminating domestic sheep and goat on an archaeological and genetic data to investigate: a) The origins of Ibe- archaeological assemblage from Kerma, Sudan rian cattle and dogs; b) The occurrence of local domestication of

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 139 wild ox and wolves; c) Possible hybridization between cattle and Glykou Aikaterini dog domesticates with their respective wild counterparts. Stiftung Schl.-Holst. Landesmuseen, Schloss Gottorf, Olshausenstr. 40, Kiel, 24837, Schleswig, Ancient DNA analysis of animal remains from the Iberia: wild, early GERMANY, [email protected] domesticates and modern samples, spanning over 15,000 years be- fore present back to the Mesolithic or Superior Paleolithic. Employ Studying the substistence strategy of the last hunters and a multi-marker methodology to describe mitochondrial, Y-chromo- fishers in southern skandinavia” somal and autosomal SNP variation. Although remains are buried under sub-optimal conditions, an- Along the Baltic coast of northern Germany, the transition to far- cient DNA retrieval was successful and authentic sequences were ming and pastoralism occurred at the end of the 5th millennium generated for a few samples. We will be able to implement a fine- calBC and its origins lie in a hunter-fisher-gatherer culture, known scale genetic analysis of Iberian cattle and dog samples throughout as Ertebølle culture, distributed across northeast Denmark, south time. Sweden and northern Germany. S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster The coastal sites of the Ertebølle culture in northern Germany are nowadays underwater because of the rise in sea level after the last GIOVAS Christina M. ice age. The site Neustadt in northern Germany is an ideal example of such a submerged coastal hunting and fishing station, particu- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Hall M32, Box 353100, Seattle, larly because of the excellent preservation of the organic material. WA 98195-3100, USA, [email protected] Among the finds 13.000 bones from mammals and birds, 10.000 Integrating evidence for translocation and trade: Prehis- fish bones and a range of tools from bone, antler and wood are pre- toric interaction on Carriacou, West Indies served. The fauna spectrum consists mainly of wild animals (99%), while a small amount of domestic animals (1%) exist; these belong While prehistoric islands communities were once regarded as re- according to the 14C dates to the oldest domestic animals in the mote outposts of humanity, archaeologists now recognise that most north. 40% of the wild animals belong to sea mammals and 60% such societies were never truly isolated. For the West Indian island of to terrestrial mammals. A palaeoecological and palaeoeconomi- Carriacou, interaction with surrounding islands and the South Ame- cal evaluation aims to reconstruct the living conditions, use of the rican mainland may have been essential to the long-term viability of landscape, hunting methods, tool traditions and to establish the its communities. Here, I explore the record for imported continental degree of contact between forager groups. Paleoclimate observa- mammals and foreign-sourced artefacts on Carriacou to assess the tions take place based on “exotic” species such as mud turtle, which purpose of faunal introductions and the nature and scale of off-shore indicate that the climate was warmer than today. contact. Issues relating to the integration of multiple lines of (non- S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster converging) evidence for island interaction are considered. The data are evaluated against interaction models to better understand the economic and social role Carriacou may have played within the lar- GOEPFERT Nicolas ger prehistoric Caribbean community. I conclude that Carriacou was UMR 8096 « Archéologie des Amériques » CNRS, 92023 Nanterre Cedex, France UMR 7209 « Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnements », CNRS- well-integrated into the cultural spheres of its neighbours but most MNHN, 55 rue Buffon, CP 55, F-75005 Paris, France. [email protected] likely did not play a pivotal role as a centre for convergence and re- distribution of material goods or exotic fauna. Deer in the Andean world : from hunting to shamanic rituals S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, oral In Andean cosmovision, cervids stand as wild world divinities, thus Girdland Flink Linus, Barnett Ross, being particularly important entities. Since the Preceramic period, they were hunted and consumed by hunters-gatherers of the Andean Evin Allowen, Cucchi Thomas, RÜtze Cordillera and constituted, before camelids domestication, one of the Christina, Burger Joachim, Megens main sources of animal food and raw material (tools, ornaments). Few occurrences also show that parts of these animals (i.e. antler) could be Hendrik-Jan, Crooijmans Richard, deposited in tombs. At last, iconography of the Precolumbian cultures, Groenin Martin, Archibald Alan L, such that of the Mochicas or Waris, suggests that they held an impor- Schook Lawrence, Hoelzel Rus, Dobney tant ritual function, much more determinant than their deem presence in the archaeological vestiges could actually suggest. 2 1 Keith & Larson Greger Starting from archaeological and zooarchaeological data, we will dis- 1, Durham University, Dept. of Archaeology, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK. greger.larson@ cuss the place occupied by the cervids in Prehispanic cultures of Peru durham.ac.uk by examining their domestic and ritual uses. Iconographic data will 2, Aberdeen University, Dept. of Archaeology, St Mary’s, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3UF. [email protected] help understand how they were related to the death and death realm. Finally, we will seek confirmation in ethnographic evidences that there Investigating pig domestication across molecules and is a strong link between shamanic rituals, the wild world and moun- morphology: combining multiple DNA markers with geo- tains spirits (Apus): these very links must be examined for a better un- metric morphometric analyses derstanding of deers importance in the Andean world since millenia. After the dog, the pig is one of the oldest domesticate animals. It is S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral also one of the few domestic animals whose wild progenitor, wild boar, has not been driven to extinction. The ubiquity of wild boar GOEPFERT Nicolas1, BAILON Salvador2, across the Old World has allowed us to make genetic and morpho- 3 4 metric comparisons between them and both modern and ancient LEFÈVRE Christine , GUTIÉRREZ Belkys & domestic pigs. CHAUCHAT Claude 5 Our early results demonstrated that pigs were likely domesticated 1. UMR 8096 « Archéologie des Amériques », CNRS, 92023 Nanterre Cedex, France in many places, perhaps independently, and by revealing the tem- UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, poral and chronological pattern of shifting haplotypes and mor- pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] phometric signatures, we are unveiling a complex, but tractable, 2. UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. pattern of domestication and subsequent human migration. Here UMR 7194 « Histoire naturelle de l’Homme préhistorique », CNRS-MNHN, 1 rue René Panhard, we take a global view and discuss the broad and specific patterns of 75013 Paris, France. [email protected] 3. UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : wild boar and domestic pigs, and what those patterns reveal about sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] the domestication process. 4. Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Trujillo, Pérou. [email protected] S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral 5. UMR 8096 « Archéologie des Amériques », CNRS, 92023 Nanterre Cedex, France. cchauch@ gmail.com

140 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 Amphisbaenia offerings and “ two heads snake » iconog- per, I will discuss some of the assumptions under this proposal. I will exa- raphy in the Mochica culture in Peru mine the meanings of the color symbolism, and the use of the seashells. In this interaction, I hope to find elements for evaluation the similarities Some fourteen animal species have been identified in offerings and differences in the West Mexican and U. S. Southwest societies have and deposits found in Mochica tombs (100-800 A.D.). Among them in their relationships with the shells and in their cosmovisions. the discovery of Amphisbaenia, a family of reptiles known in South S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record- Acquisition and America as “culebras de dos cabezas”, stands as a significant fact. use of shell raw materials in prehistory, oral Rests of Amphisbaena sp., in particular A. occidentalis, the only spe- cies actually present in this area, were found in five tombs of the GONZALEZ Manoel Uhle’s Platform at Moche. This constitutes the first occurrence of Centro Regional de Pesquisas Arqueológicas, Rua Ana Pimentel 12, 11030-050, Santos, SP, Brasil, these reptiles in Precolumbian archeological sites from the western [email protected] slope of the Andean Cordillera. The Amphisbaenia were discovered Zoomorphs of Fishes in the Brazilian Prehistory in jars sitting by the side of the dead’s corpses, indicating that they were intentional deposits and not intrusive vestiges. Defined as zoomorphs parts known to the archaeological literature Amphisbaenia offerings are also known in North-West Argentina, as zooliths, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic bone, collected from in the “Ciénaga” culture (2000 - 1400 BP), and during the periods of various sites in the Brazilian coastline, and the interior of Brazil. Due “Inca Regional Development and Hispano-Natives” (800 - 250 BP). to the rarity of these artifacts their burial contexts these artifacts al- This kind of offerings thus does not constitute an isolated cultural low us to understand social structures that stand on the perceived phenomenon, but should clearly be regarded within a wider tem- complexity of social hierarchy stratification as compared to the vast poral and space context. amount of tools for everyday use, polished and chipped materials, so The Mochica iconographic register brings additional details and frequent in archaeological excavations. We analyzed 32 fish zooliths of seems to indicate that these animals could have a link with death 222 zoomorphs found in 54 shell mounds along the Brazilian coast. and sacrifice, but also with the Milky Way. The discovery of these The of fish, especially those representing the sharks and taxa carries substantial perspectives of interpretation: we thus pro- rays were intricately carved and made zoological identification ease. pose to bring new elements for understanding their ritual role and These artifacts represent symbolic structures that can also be inter- symbolic function in Prehispanic culture tombs. preted to be products of a cultural language defined by social groups. S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral These lithic sculptures have a great potential for interpretive studies where one type of material culture represents social allegories. Possi- GOLDSTEIN Mara1, RABINOVICH Rivka2 & ble interpretations of these artifacts include representations of social 1 discourses established by an embodied language, which are defined BITON Rebecca by subjective world-views and by historically determined structures. 1, National Natural History Collections, Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, poster Jerusalem, Berman Building, Edmond J. Safra campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, mara. [email protected] [email protected] 2, National Natural History Collections, Institute of Earth Sciences, Institute of Archaeology, GONZALEZ Manoel 1, LARGACHA Alexandre1 The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Berman Building, Edmond J. Safra campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, [email protected] & BRAGA Marcos2 1. Centro Regional de Pesquisas Arqueológicas, Rua Ana Pimentel 12, 11030-050, Santos, SP, Taphonomic processes in lake margin environments - mi- Brasil, [email protected] cro-vertebrate remains at Gesher Benot Ya’aqov (Area A), 2. Casa Martim Afonso, Praça 22 de Janeiro 469, São Vicente,11310-090, SP, Brasil, athanazius@ Israel - a case study uol.com.br The Acheulian site of Gesher Benot Ya’aqov, assigned to Early-Mid- Analysis of Molluscan Remains from the Bacharel Site, dle Pleistocene and dated to ca. 780 kya BP, is situated on the mar- Sao Vicente, Brazil gin of the paleo-Lake Hula in the Upper Jordan Valley, Israel. The Mollusk products have been used since the first societies of hunter- terrestrial faunal remains from the main excavation areas (B and C) gatherers consisting of small groups of less than 100 people moved largely consist of broken, medium- to large-sized mammal bones seasonally to exploit wild food resources. Evidence that these groups resulting mainly from hominin activity. Area A consists of coquina inhabited our coast come from the studies carried out on shell mounds and clay layers (Layers I-5 and I-4, respectively), where an accumu- along the coast of Brazil. Mollusks played a fundamental role for these lation of well-preserved and relatively complete micro-vertebrate fisher-gatherers, but they did not constitute a dietary staple, which remains was recovered. Taxonomic and taphonomic analysis of was primarily fish. The Bacharel Site was occupied during three pe- these remains reveals that the processes responsible for the assem- riods : prehistoric, contact and historical. The prehistoric occupation blage formation in these layers are different from those in other corresponds with a zone of dark earth, varying in thickness from 10 excavated layers. Layers I-5 and I-4 contain amphibian, reptile, bird cm to 25 cm, situated above a deposit of clean brown and white sand. and rodent remains, but are dominated by mollusk, fish and crab. We identified 28 species of mollusks dominated by Ostrea and Lucina. The rodent, amphibian, reptile and bird remains were deposited in Based on the ecology of the mollusk species found, the fisher-gathe- terrestrial conditions. Some of the rodent remains originate from rers occupants of this site, exploited a region of low energy estuarine raptor pellets, however most of the assemblage was deposited by bayfront beaches with large tidal movements that provided a diverse natural processes characteristic of lake margin environments. The and easily captured malacological fauna. good preservation of the bone remains implies quick sealing of the S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, oral coarse-grained (coquina) layer by the fine-grained (clay) one, which is the result of a rapid rise of the lake level. GONZÁLEZ Mariela, ÁLVAREZ María Clara, S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral MASSIGOGE Agustina, GUTIÉRREZ María & Gomez-Gastelum Luis KAUFMANN Cristian Departamento de Estudios Mesoamericanos y Mexicanos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Gregorio CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales (UNCPBA). Avenida del Valle 5737, B7400JWI, Olavarría, Dávila 68, Col. Artesanos, P. O. Box 39-185, 44200 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, gastelum@ Buenos Aires, Argentina, [email protected], [email protected], cencar.udg.mx [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Color Shell Symbolism between West Mexico and Bone differential survivorship and ontogenic develop- Southwest U. S. An archaeological comparison ment in guanaco (Lama guanicoe) The northern portion of West Mexico has been considered like an in- This paper presents the results of a taphonomic research program fluences’ corridor from Mesoamerica to the U. S. Southwest. In this pa- conducted during the last four years. The main objective of this

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 141 program was to investigate differential survivorship in guanaco GORGAN Lucian1, BEJENARU Luminita1, (Lama guanicoe) bones taking into account the ontogenetic de- 1 1 velopment of this species and the densitometric characteristics Stefan Andrei , CAVALERIU Romeo & of its skeletal parts. In the first place, density analysis was carried MONAH Dan2 out from selected bones of modern individuals corresponding to 1, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700505, Iasi, Romania, [email protected] different age classes. Secondly, two experimental designs were 2, Institute of Archaeology, Lascar Catargi, 18, 700107, Iasi, Romania, [email protected] conducted to explore the responses of bones from animals of dif- ferent ages to weathering and fluvial transport. The first study is Diachronical variability of Sus scrofa (pig and wild boar) a long term experiment that intends to examine the deterioration identified in Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru Tell, Romania – ge- of skeletal elements from a newborn, a juvenile and an adult mo- netic analysis dern guanaco exposed at the same time to sub-aerial weathering under controlled conditions. The second experiment examined Molecular studies investigating phylogeographical issues are ten- the hydrodynamic sorting of dry and wet skeletal elements from a ding to focus on the control region of the mitochondrial genome newborn, a juvenile and an adult modern guanaco in an artificial (also named D-loop). Several factors, including the mitochondria’s flume under controlled current velocities (15 cm/s and 30 cm/s). maternal inheritance pattern, its lack of recombination and its rela- The main result of this research program indicates that immature tively rapid evolution (as compared to the nuclear genome) have bones have higher hydric transport potential and they weathered made the control region the ideal locus for examining complex bio- at a faster rate. We proposed that this differential bone behavior is logical events such as domestication and/or husbandry practices. partially related to their structural density as it evidenced by our The aim of the present study is to reveal diachronical differences density analysis. These results alert on the age-related biases in between populations of Sus scrofa (pig ad wild boar), based on the zooarchaeological assemblages affected by taphonomic proces- analysis of hyper variable first part of mitochondrial control region. All the analyzed bones’ fragments and teeth are sampled from Po- ses. duri-Dealul Ghindaru Tell. The Tell of Poduri-Dealul Ghindaru (posi- S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral tioned in the Eastern part of Romania) has a complex stratigraphy and the archaeologists have carried out analyses on Chalcolithic Goode Irene (Precucuteni, Cucuteni) and Bronze Age levels. The DNA template purification was performed using the DNA IQ Kit Metropolitan Museum of Art, Department of Ancient Near East, 1000 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10028, USA ([email protected]) (Promega) for forensic analysis and quantified by agarose gel elec- trophoresis and spectrophotometery, PCR was carried out by using The earliest evidence for wool: a survey of fourth and third the Gotaq Green Master Mix (Promega) and two nested primers. Amplicons were tested by agarose gel electrophoresis, purified and millennium BC archaeological finds in the Near East direct sequenced with 8 capillaries CEQ 8000 Beckman Coulter ana- lyzer. Sequences were aligned and compared with the haplotypes Sheep wool is one of the most economically and culturally im- from databases and actual species and inferred for phylogenetic portant textile fibres to have emerged in human history. Woolly directions. fleece, however, did not develop until later, possibly as late as S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster the second half of the fourth millennium BCE, at least 5000 years after initial sheep domestication. Archaeological studies GORLOVA Ekaterina of sheep and goat husbandry have traditionally emphasized A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Laboratory for Biocenology and Historical domestication, though current archaeofaunal studies have Ecology, 33 Leninskij prosp., Moscow, 119071, RUSSIA, [email protected] begun to focus more on detailed analyses revealing ancient herding practices (Stein 1989; Grigson 2000; Arbuckle 2006; Trophic relationships dynamics of Ringed seal (Pusa his- Zeder 2008; Arbuckle et al., in press). Herding strategies reflect pida Schreber, 1775) and Bearded seal (Erignathus barba- cultural choice and socioeconomic behavior, and this behavior tus Erxleben, 1777) from Chukotka over the last millennia co-evolved with the evolution of wool in sheep. But what, pre- (by stable isotopes method) cisely, triggered its development? How, when and why did it develop? Was it an indirect result of dairying (Vigne and Helmer We studied sea mammal remains from cultural layers of ancient 2007; Evershed et al. 2008)? Did wool emerge independently in Eskimo settlement on the eastern coast of the Bering Strait. Sta- different regions? Childe’s seminal (1934) discussion of Neolithic ble-nitrogen (15N) and stable-carbon (13C) isotope ratios were and urban revolutions prompted several scholars, most notably measured in collagen from 99 impuberal ringed seals and 33 im- Sherratt (1981), to emphasize the significance of the secondary puberal bearded seals over 800-2370 BP (cal.). Stable-nitrogen iso- products of domesticated animals, considering this a techno- tope analysis revealed that ringed seals (mean 15N = 18,1‰) were logical revolution as well (dubbed the secondary products rev- enriched over bearded seals (14,9‰). Consequently, ringed seals olution, or ‘SPR’) (Sherratt 1987; Chapman 1982; Bogucki 1993). occupied higher trophic level versus bearded seals. We find nonho- It has been proposed (McCorriston 1997) that a major shift took mogeneity of ringed seal isotope ratio at that time. All ringed seal place in Mesopotamia in the early Uruk period (ca. 3500 BCE); bones found on the settlement were divided into two groups: with from an almost exclusive reliance on flax (Linum usitatissimum accepted isotope ratio and with poor content of 13C. Comparison L.) to a heavy dependence on sheep’s wool. Concomitant with with literary data exhibits that the dynamics is connected with cli- this shift, texts reveal major shifts in labor and land tenure from matic changes in the North Pacific. households to an elite-controlled organization with the full S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, poster trappings of administration (Algaze 2005). Could the advent of a woolly-fleeced sheep have played a pivotal role in this trans- formation? This paper surveys current and emerging evidence GOTFREDSEN Anne Birgitte on wool, from archaeological fibres to phylogenetics, to under- Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, stand wool evolution in later prehistory, offering the potential Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, [email protected] to significantly increase our understanding of both the biologi- Subsistence and procurement strategies of the Thule cal and the sociocultural mechanisms involved in the shift in sheep husbandry brought on with the emergence and subse- Culture Inuit, northeast Greenland quent evolution of wool and its use in textiles. For more than 450 years (c. 1400-1850 AD) of continued occupa- S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, poster tion the Thule Culture existed in high arctic Northeast Greenland

142 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 based on a flexible and broad specter economy. Settlements were ponencia revisaremos resultados de recientes investigaciones concentrated at certain ‘hot spots’, including the recurring polynias zooarqueologicas, llevadas a cabo por la FCA UADY en Yucatan y of the Northeast Water, Dove Bay, Sirius Water and the Scoresby Campeche con materiales esqueleticos faunisticos excavados en Sound. Recent interdisciplinary studies on sites at the Sirius Water diversos asentamientos prehispanicos mayas peninsulares, fecha- polynia have provided new information on seasonal cycles and dos entre 300 y 1500 anos de nuestra era para evidenciar que los subsistence and procurement strategies of the Thule Culture Inuit. mayas prehispanicos peninsulares aprovecharon no solamente una Winter sites were concentrated at sheltered bays with stable fast amplia gama de animales vertebrados para la alimentacion y el uso ice during winter, with ringed seal (Phoca hispida) as the key game artefactual, sino que la obtencion, principal por medio de la caza, species, but also with significant frequencies of narwhal (Monodon sucedia en un ambiente altamente modificado por la presencia hu- monoceros) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Summer habitations mana en la region desde inicios del Preclasico (900 a.C.), siguiendo in the deep fjords and the outer coast were dominated by terres- desde tiempos prehispanicos el sistema de ‘caceria en jardines’ trial game and ringed seals. Walrus Island, situated at the polynia, que se observa aun hoy en las comunidades rurales peninsulares, was used as a seasonal aggregation site with access to migrating descrito en estudios etnobiologicos. Al basarse en este sistema se bowhead whales (Baleana mysticetus) and especially walrus (Odo- creo, segun nuestra opinion, una interdependencia entre cultura y benus rosmarus), a predictable resource of meat and blubber which ambiente modificado que alcanzo una sustentabilidad faunistica was of crucial importance to the very existence of the Thule Culture equiparable a la domesticacion de animales vertebrados seguida throughout the entire occupation period in the region. Based pri- en otras regiones del mundo. marily on faunal evidence, variability of game accessibility, tempo- S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, poster ral changes in the subsistence patterns and interregional variations of the four ‘hot spots’ of Northeast Greenland will be discussed in a GOUBEL Hélène, AUGUSTE Patrick1 & palaeo-environmental and palaeo-climatic perspective. S2-7. Circumpolar archaeozoology: Arctic hunter-gatherers in context, oral CRÔNIER Catherine

UMR 8157 – CNRS, Université Lille 1, Bâtiment SN5, avenue George Langevin, 59655 Villeneuve GOTFREDSEN Anne Birgitte d’Ascq Cédex, France. [email protected], [email protected], cronier. Zoological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, [email protected] Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø. [email protected] Application of outline analysis on fossil and actual bears, large bovids, horses and rhinoceroses cheek teeth: metho- Wealth and Prestige – Sacrificial Animals from Rich Gra- dological settings ves of Late Roman Iron Age, Eastern Denmark During Upper and Middle Pleistocene in Europe, strong climatic During the last decade a wealth of rich graves containing human changes affected geographical and chronological faunistic dyna- skeletons and well preserved animal bones, dated to the Late Ro- mics. Due to this fluctuating ecological context, large mammals man Iron Age (c. 150-375 AD), have been excavated on Zealand, evolved with both anatomical and diet adaptations, especially for Eastern Denmark. Interdisciplinary studies of the human skeletons, large herbivorous. In some groups such as large bovids, horses and and animal remnants provided entirely new insight rhinoceroses, taxa are represented by either glacial (cold climate into Iron Age funerary practices and deposition of animals in Den- and open landscape) or temperate (temperate climate and forest). mark. Domesticates like pigs, ovicaprines and cattle dominated In order to establish the modalities of large mammal turnovers and among the grave gifts. However, non-food species like horse and to follow the ecosystem modifications during the Pleistocene, accu- dog, having a special symbolic role, and in rare instances goose, rate determinations are necessary. Nevertheless, these large mam- domestic chicken and wild species were deposited as well. Imma- mal groups show a wide morphological variability. Although they ture individuals predominate among the deposited animals. The are often used to distinguish taxa, shape plasticity strongly affects status and gender of the deceased were correlated to the choice cheek teeth. Thus, distinction between forms glacial and temperate of species, number of species and deposition of entire animals ver- forms is hard to establish through classical methods. Difficulties of sus parts of animals. The position of the animal or animal parts in determination become even more marked in transitional climatic the coffin or grave and presence of meat rich parts versus skeletal contexts. In order to quantify intra-specific and inter-specific mor- parts of low meat value seems to be of significance, too. Analyses of phological variability, outline analyses via elliptic Fourier transform skeletal elements and studies of butchery practices demonstrated are performed. Because general shape (lophodont or selenodont) that contrary to what was previously believed the animals as a rule and height of the crown (hypsodont) of cheek teeth vary from the were deposited in a partly cut up state with only some limbs and skeletal parts still in correct anatomical order. In order to evaluate considered group, the procedures of analysis differ. Buno- Roman influence versus Old Norse religion the new finds were seen dont cheek teeth from fossil brown and cave bears have also been in a regional and an interregional perspective and compared to integrated. Finally, through these cheek teeth from different pa- contemporary finds both north and south of Limes. laeoenvironmental contexts, can the shape change be used as a S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral climate proxy? S1-7, Geometric morphometrics in archaeozoology: GOTZ Christopher M. applications and perspectives, poster Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan (FCA, UADY) Km. 1 Carretera Merida-Tizimin, Cholul, C.P. 97305, Merida, MEXICO, [email protected] GOURICHON Lionel, Nishiaki Yoshihiro & KUME Shogo ¿Caza o domesticacion? manejo ambiental en la zona Archeorient - UMR 5133, Maison de l’Orient et de la Mediterranee, 7 rue Raulin, 69007, Lyon, maya – comparacion de modelos etnobiologicos y datos France, [email protected] zooarqueologicos Curious animal teethed gypsum-made objects found at Tradicionalmente se ha considerado que los mayas prehispanicos Tell Seker al Aheimar (Ppottery Neolithic, north-eastern de la region peninsular yucateca basaron su alimentacion primor- Syria) dialmente en vegetales producidos en distintos sistemas agricolas y que la domesticacion de animales fue de menor importancia o The Neolithic site of Tell Seker al Aheimar, located in the Khabur inclusive ausente en la economia indigena prehispanica penin- valley (North-eastern Syria), is excavated by the University of Tokyo sular durante la mayor parte del periodo prehispanico, debido al since 2000. First occupied during the Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B substancial papel que tenia la domesticacion de plantas. En esta period, Tell Seker also yielded the oldest Pottery Neolithic levels

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 143 in the region (“Pre Proto-Hassuna” and Proto-Hassuna). In the PN accepted that in the economy of the latter, agriculture had a major levels were found about ten curious gypsum-made objects contai- impact, but it is evident that herding and hunting also played a role ning animal remains. still unclear. Most of these objects are incomplete but their shape is always sub- For that reason, and with the purpose of understanding past re- rectangular with plano-convex section like the gypsum bricks used lations between humans and camelids, the aim of this work is to at the site in the architecture. Series of animal tooth rows were in- compare use tendencies of these animals in sedentary villages tentionally included within the gypsum matrix in such a way that situated at different ecological zones of Northwestern Argentina only the tooth cuspids point out on the convex upper face of the dating from Formative period onwards (ca. 2300 years BP). This ob- slab. The embedded elements are parallel arranged and consist of jective is achieved trough the evaluation of different zooarchaeo- mandibles and maxillae of small ruminants, mostly sheep but also logical indicators such as: size variation observed in camelids, their goat and gazelle. The function or meaning of these objects remains assignment to age categories and different indices of skeletal ele- unknown but various hypotheses (tribulum, passive scraper, archi- ment abundance. tectural feature, decorative or symbolic items, etc.) are explored S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, oral in this paper according to the archaeological contexts where they were found, the analysis of the animal remains and the study of the GRASSI Elisabetta making process. Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Storia, Viale Umberto 52, 07100 Sassari, eli. S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster [email protected] GOURICHON Lionel & COMMENGE Catherine Faunal remains from Sassari (Sardinia) Archeorient - UMR 5133, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, 7 rue Raulin, 69007, Lyon, France, [email protected] The recent emergency excavations directed by the “Soprintenden- za per i Beni Archeologici per le Province di Sassari e di Nuoro” in Pastoral economies in neolithic macedonia. new insights the town of Sassari (Sardinia) have released several faunal remains from the archaeozoological study of madzhari (first half from medieval and postmedieval contexts. This work presents preliminary data concerning the study of these of the 6th mill. bc) archaeozoological remains in order to outline the faunal situation in Sassari between the XIIth and the XVIIIth centuries. The Neolithic site of Tumba Madzhari, located in the Skopje Basin, The domestic animals are the more represented and the several was occupied during the first half of the 6th millennium BC. The butchery cut marks show the alimentary character of most of these study of faunal remains collected by the recent excavations (2002- remains; bones and animal hard tissues were often worked. 2007) indicates that the subsistence system was mainly based on Goat-sheep and cattle are the most represented species; while pig the exploitation of domestic caprines and cattle. Additional animal results in lower number, but costantly present. Among the wild resources were provided by the pig husbandry and the hunting of species, red deer is the most common, but fallow deer and fox have few species like red deer, wild boar and hare. In this paper, the res- also been identified. pective roles of goats, sheep and cattle in the pastoral economies Mollusca, fishes and domestic birds have been find in several stra- of Madzhari are compared to similar information from other Bal- tigraphic levels. kan sites, using data relative to the frequencies of the main taxa, S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster the spatial distribution of the remains and the culling profiles of the small livestock when available. Preliminary results suggest that the representation of the pig within the faunal assemblage is even Greenfield Haskel J. through the successive village occupations, yet cattle steadily rai- University of Manitoba, Dept. of Anthropology, Winnipeg, MB R3T5V5, [email protected]. ses from 16% in the earlier layers (level I) to almost 40% in the later ca ones (level IV) whereas caprine patterns fall in average from 52% to 30% along the same sequence. These patterns evidence similar The origins of dairying: some historical, theoretical and trends already observed at other Neolithic sites in Macedonia, like methodological considerations Anzabegovo and Rug Bair, and could be one forthcoming regional expression of cultural and economical changes occurring in the Our conception of the origins of dairying has swung back and forth middle of the 6th millennium at an inter-regional level. dramatically over the past 50 years. Today, it is almost universally S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, poster recognized that dairying has its origins in the Neolithic. However, during the Chalcolithic, the scale of milk production dramatically 1 2 increases. This paper will review the history of research on the ori- GRANT Jennifer & OLIVERA Daniel gins of dairying conducted by archaeologists and zooarchaeolo- 1. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional gists, discuss various theoretical and methodological issues related de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL). 3 de Febrero 1378, Argentina, [email protected] to the testing for the presence of early dairying, and synthesize the 2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Nacional de data from various domains (genetic, osteological, and artefactual) Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano (INAPL), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA). 3 de in order to discuss the difference between initial origins, spread, Febrero 1378, Argentina, [email protected] and widespread intensification of milk production from domes- Economic role played by wild and domestic Camelids in tic animals. Data from both Europe and the Near East will be dis- cussed. sedentary villages of Northwestern Argentina S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, oral

As the only large herd mammals that where domesticated in all the 1 2 Americas, South American camelids have occupied a central role in GREENFIELD Haskel & BEATIE Angela the economic, social and ritual life of ancient hunter-gathers, her- 1, University of Manitoba, Department of Anthropology, Fletcher Argue 435 Winnipeg, MB R3T 5V5, Canada, [email protected] ders and also farmers from the Andean region. 2, Mount Royal College, Dept. of Anthropology, 4825 Mount Royal Gate SW, Calgary, AB T3E Within productive economies it becomes crucial to analyze the in- 6K6, Canada, [email protected] cidence of wild vs. domestic camelids in faunal assemblages. This is so because the predominance of certain strategies of resource Distinguishing burned and boiled bones: an experimen- acquisition or the presence-absence of some of them brings about tal approach differences in the logistical organization of the groups. One pro- blem still poorly explored is the question of differences in the ma- Specimens of fresh bone from four different-sized taxa were heated nagement of camelid species by societies of the highlands (Puna) in an open fire or boiled in an open vessel over a fire to develop with respect to the ones from the mesothermal valleys. Usually it is criteria for distinguishing unburnt, burnt, and boiled bone during

144 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 zooarchaeological analysis. The type of bone, the length and inten- ver, coupled with the ability to share electronic documents, social sity of heating, and location within the heating source, as well as networks now have the ability to be a viable tool for professional the rate of shrinkage were recorded for each specimen. Analyses communication and collaboration. included differential heating temperature level, nature and degree This is showcased by the recently launched Zooarchaeological So- of physical bone deformation, and implications for bone attrition. cial Network, also referred to as ‘Zoobook’. The development of the In terms of identification, burnt bone is always easily distinguisha- network was inspired by a survey of commercial archaeozoologists ble from unburnt or boiled bones on the basis of color and texture. in the United Kingdom. Survey participants suggested that help in For burned bone, color is a good indicator of fire temperatures or sharing their ‘grey literature’ would be a very useful resource. Zoo- proximity to the center of the hearth. For boiled bone, it was diffi- book therefore uses freely available social networking technology cult to distinguish boiled from uncooked bone based upon color. to enable the sharing of electronic documents between its mem- Only microscopic morphological changes were observable, ma- bers. The site is also integrated with other archaeozoological elec- king it difficult to recognize boiling in large-scale analyses of zooar- tronic resources, showing both the importance of co-operation and chaeological samples. In terms of size change, repeated measure- collaboration in these matters. Finally the site is an example of ‘light ments of boiled and burned bone over the course of several hours touch’ development and administration, enabling its membership of heating indicated that burned bone deformed less than boiled to grow and develop the site as they see fit. Such tools are helping bone. In terms of bone attrition, burnt bone fragmented to a grea- the global archaeozoological community to advance and prosper. ter extent than boiled bone implying that it is less likely to survive S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: the processes of assemblage attrition. Boiled bone is unlikely to be new approaches to communication and collaboration, poster easily distinguished from unheated bone, and its identification will continue to frustrate researchers. GROOT Maaike S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, [email protected] GREENFIELD Tina From exchange to market production. animal husbandry Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba,435 Fletcher Argue Bldg., R3T 5V5, [email protected] across the iron age to roman transition in the civitas ba- tavorum Dining with the Assyrians: The spatial analysis of faunal remains from a Late-Assyrian provincial palace at Ziyaret The civitas Batavorum is located on the northern edge of the Ro- Tepe in SE Turkey man empire. The region is well research archaeologically and has the added advantage of excellent bone preservation. The transition The Late Assyrian Empire is the earliest of the pan-Near Eastern from the Late Iron Age to the Roman period brought a change from Empires of Antiquity. Recent excavations at Ziyaret Tepe (ancient self-sufficiency to market production. This is visible in changes in Tushhan) have uncovered evidence of a provincial capital city of species proportion and mortality profiles in animal bone assem- the Late Assyrian Empire on the upper Tigris River in Diyarbakir blage from rural sites. province, southeastern Turkey. At its peak, Ziyaret Tepe was a th- The transition to market production seems to have been accom- riving 32 hectare provincial capital with monumental architecture, plshed quickly and effortlessly. It looks as if there was something defensive fortifications, and an extensive lower city (c. 882-611 BC). about the nature of Iron Age society and animal husbandry in this A Late Assyrian palace, located on the eastern edge of the cita- region that allowed a rapid response to market demand. Possi- del (Operation A/N), has been the focus of excavation over seven ble factors are an economic system based on exchange and the seasons (2000-2002, 2007-2010). This paper presents preliminary importance of livestock as status symbols. This paper will discuss results of a detailed study of the faunal remains from different areas the zooarchaeological evidence for late Iron Age husbandery and and rooms of the palace with the goals of: (1) reconstructing meat society, the changes that occured in the Early and Middle Roman provisioning strategies within the palace with a specific focus on periods (1st-2nd centuries AD) and the factors that may have the exploitation of local species; (2) documenting specific room contributed to the transition in economic systems. Results from use, within the overall layout of a provincial palace; and (3) outli- two large-scale excavations of rural sites one - one of wich was in- ning butchering practices within the palace in order to determine habited continuously across the Late Iron Age to Roman transition provisioning activities in relation to hierarchy and status. Based on - will form the basis of the discussion. the analysis of faunal samples within each room of the palace, it is S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: possible to increase our understanding of activities and room func- archaeozoological evidence, poster tion. Some rooms lack any evidence for animal food preparation, while others clearly indicate such activities. This study provides a GROOT Maaike unique opportunity to document these palatial activities at a much higher resolution than previously. Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, [email protected] S2-3, Empires, oral Veteran farmers: the role of veterans from the Roman 1 2 GRIMM Jessica & MORRIS James army in agrarian developments in the civitas Batavorum 1, Wessex Archaeology, Portway House, Old Sarum Park, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 6EB, UK., [email protected] 2, Museum of London Archaeology, Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London , Being part of the Roman empire had a clear impact on Batavian N1 7ED, UK., [email protected] people and society. Towns and military camps were new elements in their surroundings, and they were obligated to supply a large The zooarchaeological social network; ‘If you build it they number of recruits to the Roman army. The demand from the army will come’ and towns for food and other products also created economic op- portunities. Animal husbandry changed from self-sufficiency to This poster presentation aims to show how archaeozoologists from market production, with veteran soldiers playing an important role across the globe are experimenting with and embracing new forms in some of the developments. With their knowledge of the army’s of electronic communication. In recent years the largest internet requirements and a social network that included military and local growth area has been in social networking with sites such as MyS- people, they acted as mediators between these different worlds. pace, Facebook and Twitter. Each of these sites offers inventive This paper investigates the evidence for the role of veterans in ways for individuals to express themselves. At present such sites are developments in animal husbandry in two rural sites in the civitas mainly used for recreational activity and communication. Howe- Batavorum. This is done through a study on household level, and in-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 145 cludes results from studies on house construction and metal finds. skeletal or body parts (e. g. antlers, claws, hoofs, horns, long bones, This study demonstrates how zooarchaeology can give insight into lower jaws, paws, skulls, tails and vertebrae) from different mam- economic as well as social issues. mals were interred with the deceased. In addition, beaks, wings and S2-3, Empires, poster long bones from birds as well as teeth and lower jaws of fish were found. Vertebrae of snakes, shells of pond tortoises and femora of amphibian as well as not opened mollusc shells were likewise part 1 2 of the burial inventory. Sometimes a kind of fish soup or complete GROUARD Sandrine , LENOBLE Arnaud & animals (dogs, pigs, fish) were placed with the dead or in pits next MALLYE Jean-Batiste2 to the grave. 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : Animal finds could have been remains of food offerings to the dead, sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] food or raw material for items in the afterlife or left-over from the 2, UMR 5199, PACEA - Université Bordeaux 1 – Sciences - Avenue des Facultés - 33 405 Talence Cedex - Tel. 05 40 00 29 83 - [email protected] - [email protected] feast. Most animal teeth were used in or to decorate the clothing. Some bones or body parts might have been amulets or Animal and man peopling the Guadeloupe archipelago items with a special ritual meaning. Lower jaws of wild pigs and red from Upper Pleistocene to Holocene deer were put in fire places above the graves. Antlers could have been used in the burial structure and possibly as part of a shaman’s Archaeological caves and rockshelters excavations and a recent mask. The largest variety was found in cemeteries. Animal remains survey of natural caves provided four Pleistocene land vertebrate were usually excavated more often in double and group burials faunal sites on the carbonate islands of the Guadeloupean Archi- than in single graves. The aim of this communication is to summa- pelago. These sites are thought to be Upper Pleistocene in age. rize the data of more than 200 burial sites and discuss the possible Three of them are caves opening to the last-interglacial shore on function of animal remains in Mesolithic burials. the southern coast of Marie-Galante Island. Among them, the Blan- chard’s Cave preserves more than two meters of stratified fossilife- S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral rous deposits. The forth one is an underground tunnel inland on 1 1,2 the Grande-Terre main island. GULYÁS Sándor & SÜMEGI Pál Faunal assemblages are dominated by Chiroptera, Serpentes, La- 1. University of Szeged, Department of Geology and Paleontology H-6722 Szeged, Egyetem certilia and Lissamphibia. Bird bones and, in one case, marine mam- u.2-6, [email protected] mals tooth fragments are also found. Accumulations are mainly 2. Archeological Institute of the HAS, 1039 Budapest Úri út 49. due to birds of prey. Preliminary taphonomic study indicates that several kinds of diurnal and nocturnal raptors contribute to sites Environment and human adaptation as revealed by the formation. analysis of freshwater shells during the Early Neolithic of Bones determination sketches the outlines of the natural animal di- the Carpathian Basin: a new environmental model of the versity before any human occupation of the Guadeloupean Islands. Körös-AVK transition It also gives information on the vertebrate biodiversity evolution. Firstly, our results attest to the antiquity of the natural vertebrate The northernmost distribution of the first Neolithic cultures of Me- fauna on the islands. Secondly, locally extinct species identification diterranean roots arriving from the south lies in the heart of the contributes to improve the biogeography knowledge of the West Carpathian Basin. The continuous northward advancement of the- Indies. Thirdly, fossil faunal evolution documented by Blanchard’s se farming and pastoralist groups for some reason halted for a shor- Cave stratigraphy compared to present-day Guadeloupean fauna ter-longer period (150-200 years) there and experienced a com- allow to tackle the issue of ecosystems response to environmental plete cultural transformation. Possible underlying causes were the changes during the last glacial period. presence of an agroecological barrier, which simply prevented the S1-2. Animals, plants and new worlds: from exotic trading to biological engagement of Mediterranean type of agricultural activities due to invasions, a bioarchaeological approach, oral unfavorable ecological conditions north of the referred line. Based on this logic a mental crisis zone was also postulated in which zone GROUARD Sandrine these traditionalist groups had to face serious environmental diffi- UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, culties, while maintaining their traditional lifeways. The settlement pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] strategy of these first agriculturalists was likewise astonishing: the Dog burials and Dog as victuals in Amerindian sites from majority of the settlements are near major rivers which are prone the French West Indies (500 BC-1500 AD) to annual floods. Yet natural highs were chosen for settling, which were practically flood free. If we are to understand what happened This paper presents an archaeozoological review of the Dog within in these areas it is necessary to elucidate information on the aquatic Amerindian sites from the French West Indies (Saint Martin, Guade- environment, in which they used to dwell here. Mollusks are pos- loupe archipelago, and Martinique). Eleven Saladoid sites (500 BC- sibly the best suited for this purpose as based on their ecological 700 AD) gave dog components in the refuse middens or in burials, needs the most prominent environmental parameters of a site can but any Troumassoid or Suazoid site (700-1500 AD) produced dog easily be captured. The combined archaeomalacological analysis of remains. Moreover, some sites, as Morel (Grande Terre de Guade- freshwater and terrestrial mollusks enabled us to capture the dyna- loupe), presented six dog burials, associated with human burials. mic evolution of aquatic habitats near the sites and the terrestrial Firstly, comparisons between the different burials will be present- ed. Secondly, the status of the dog will be discussed: eternal com- highs as well. A multi-proxy approach implied on some site located panions, or alimentation? Finally, the absence of dog remains in the along the northern distribution line of these cultures enabled us to Post-Saladoid sites (Troumassoid and Suazoid) will be discussed. reconstruct a transformation in stream properties and floodplain S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster areas coevally with the time of cultural transformation. This well- dated environmental transformation could have been correlated Grünberg Judith M. by other major climatic and environmental events globally. Based on our findings a new environmental model was proposed, which Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie Sachsen-Anhalt - Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte - Richard-Wagner-Str. 9, D - 06114 Halle/Saale, Germany, jmgruenberg@lda. explains what environmental and climatic conditions enabled the mk.sachsen-anhalt.de northward migration of these first farmers into the heart of the Car- pathian Basin on the one hand. On the other hand the background Animals in Mesolithic Burials in Europe environmental factors controlling the cultural transformation could Animal remains were excavated in many Mesolithic burials. They have also been captured. were not confined to a certain period or region. A large variety of S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster

146 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 GÜMÜŞ Burçin Aşkım1 & According to the published records the presence of six species for 2,3 the genus Mammuthus (Proboscidea: Elephantidae) is suggested Bar-Yosef Mayer Daniella E. for Mexico (Arroyo-Cabrales et. al 2003a, Osborn 1922), and much 1. University of Gazi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji (Zooloji) Bölümü, Teknikokullar, confusion has been caused trying to validate these species, in part Beşevler, 06500, , Türkiye, [email protected] ; [email protected] 2. Recanati Institute of Maritime Studies, Univ. of Haifa, Haifa, Israel, [email protected] due to the negative of modern workers to review critically the older 3. Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel literature and to their fail to locate and study the original fossil ma- terial, as well as to incomplete descriptions and lack of illustrations The Micro-Fresh Water Gastropod Remains from Çatal- and measurements of the described specimens by the early resear- höyük, Turkey chers (some of these have even been the basis of the erection of new species) (Arroyo-Cabrales et al. 2003 a and b). Çatalhöyük is one of the largest Neolithic sites in Turkey, dated to Some workers have suggested the presence of two species for the 7200 to 6000 cal yr BC. It is located east of the Çarşamba River in genus in Mexico: Mammuthus hayi, for the Middle Pleistocene, and Çumra (Konya) on the Anatolian plateau. The site contains thousands M. columbi for the Late Pleistocene. In the case of M. hayi, Arroyo- of molluscan remains originating in marine, paleontological, fresh- Cabrales et al. (2003b) indicate that the features observed in the water and terrestrial environments. This study is concerned only with specimens are similar to those of M. meridionalis (up to 12 plates for the micro freshwater gastropods that form 43% of all molluscs at the upper molars, and a lamellar frequency of 4.1, while for lower mo- site, and measure under 1 cm. The freshwater prosobranch gastro- lars 11 or 12 plates are present with a lamellar frequency of 4), but pods represent different habitats: Viviparus viviparus, Bithynia leachi, since this species is considered doubtful for America, and following Valvata piscinalis, Fagotia esperi, and Bythinella dunkeri represent high Webb and Dudley’s (1995) proposal, he assigned these specimens energy environments, in particular rivers, lakes, and floodplain ponds. to M. hayi. Theodoxus fluviatilis derives from the stony bottom of the same en- vironment. Another set of species, freshwater pulmonates, repre- S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster sents a low energy environment with slow running waters, probably 1 2 swamps: Gyraulus albus, Lymnaea stagnalis, Planorbarius corneus, and HACHEM Lamys & BEDAULT Lisandre Stagnicola palustris. Planorbis carinatus is found exclusively in lakes. 1, Institut National de Recherches Archéologies Préventives (INRAP), 32 rue Delizy, 93500 One of the species, represented by very few specimens, Radix auri- Pantin, France. [email protected] 2, Maison de l’Archéologie et de l’Ethnologie, 21 allée de l’Université, 92023 Nanterre, France. cularia lives in brackish waters. It should be noted that all these en- [email protected] vironments were noted in other faunal and floral remains from the site. At the site we observed the freshwater micro-shells embedded Early Neolithic cattle measurements in northern France, within and mortar that were the houses of Çatalhöyük. from the Linearbandkeramic to the Villeneuve-Saint-Ger- The shells thus represent the environments from which sediments were collected for construction purposes. main (5500 – 4600 cal. B.-C.) S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - Shells as indicators of palaeoenvironment, site formation and transformation, oral The aim of this article is to establish distinctions between domestic and wild species (bovines and aurochs) and their gender, on the basis of faunal remains recovered from a number of early Neolithic GUTIÉRREZ-ZUGASTI Igor & CUENCA David sites in the Paris Basin. The measurements are made on fused bones Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria, Ed. Interfacultativo following the traditional method. We have been able to separate Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Cantabria, Spain, [email protected]; [email protected] groups of animals and to reveal specific animals at the end of the chronological sequence. We will focus on certain problems related Shells and climate changes: the case of the Cantabrian to this method and propose some solutions, such as the use of pa- region (Northern Spain) during the Paleolithic-Mesolithic leogenetics. transition S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster In many cases, mollusc species have certain climatic preferences HADJIKOUMIS Angelos and therefore they are sensitive to climatic change. Thus, someti- University of Sheffield, Department of Archaeology, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield, S1 mes changes in the composition of archaeomalacological assem- 4ET, United Kingdom, [email protected] blages through time can reflect variations in climatic conditions, which make molluscs to be an important climatic indicator. In the The evolution of pig domestication in post-Neolithic Cantabrian region, the analysis of 28 stratigraphic units with evi- (Copper-Bronze-Iron Age) Spain dence of molluscan exploitation, ranging from Late Magdalenian (15700 cal BP) to the early Neolithic (5700 cal BP) have shown the While the origins of pig domestication in Europe, especially in the existence of changes in the composition of shell assemblages re- context of neolithisation, have attracted relatively intense research lated to climatic changes. Thus, the most common species during interest, the same is not true for the evolution of pig domestication the colder phases of the upper Palaeolithic (Littorina littorea; Patella in post-Neolithic periods (Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages). This has vulgata var. maior) decreased dramatically their presence at the been insufficiently investigated, despite the availability of more start of the Holocene, while other warmth-loving species (Osilinus and larger assemblages. In this presentation, elements of the pig- lineatus; Patella intermedia) increased in numbers. In the same way, human relationship during the third (Copper Age), second (Bronze an increase in exploited species diversity have been documented, Age) and first (Iron Age) millennia BC in Spain is explored. Various which is probably showing the introduction of new species owing Copper, Bronze and Iron Age Spanish assemblages are discussed to the climatic improvement. to gain insights in the age and sex structure, biometric characteris- S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster tics and health condition of pig populations in each period. Once synthesised and compared with relevant assemblages from other 1 Guzmán-Gutierrez Jose Ruben & countries and chronological periods, the results offer interesting Aguilar Felisa J.2 insights in post-Neolithic pig husbandry and wild boar hunting in Spain. Compared to the diversity observed for the Neolithic, pig 1, Instituto de Historia Natural de Aguascalientes, Condominio Los Robles 311-18, Rinconada de La Alameda Aguascalientes, Ags., 20198, Aguascalientes, MEXICO, [email protected] husbandry evolved to be more uniform and intensive. The age and 2, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia sex profiles show increased rationality in the exploitation of pigs, while biometry indicates that already from the Copper Age, domes- Presence of the complex Mammuthus hayi/meridionalis tic and wild pigs were morphologically distinct. Despite the overall (Proboscidea: Elephantidae) in the Pleistocene of Aguas- tendency towards intensification, interesting minor differences calientes, Central Mexico between periods and sites are also revealed, such as the different

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 147 degree of reliance on domestic pigs, the different significance of man populations. Part of this variation depends on ecological fac- wild boar hunting and minor differences in husbandry strategies. tors that can be used to reconstruct past human environments and S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral agricultural systems, and these can be investigated by comparing faunal isotope data from a careful selection of sites. This project in- Hambleton Ellen1 & randall Clare2 vestigated the Upper and Middle Thames Valley with its large, well- documented and accessible collections of animal bones from sites 1, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, BH12 5BB, Poole, UK, ehambleton@ bournemouth.ac.uk of a variety of types and periods, and well-studied environmental 2, Department of Archaeology, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Talbot Campus, Poole, history at both site and landscape level. We looked at cattle, sheep Dorset, BH12 5BB, UK. [email protected] and pig from the Neolithic to Romano-British periods. Analysis of The impact of improved ageing methods on our unders- over 1500 measurements from 21 sites has previously shown that tanding of prehistoric livestock management: a case stu- at a broad scale, comparing the mean values from sites of different dy of sheep in Iron Age Southern Britain ages, the pattern observed in the Neolithic differs from that seen in later periods. This was interpreted in terms of large-scale anthro- Recently, two independent studies by Jones (2006) and Greenfield pogenic ecosystem change reflecting the introduction and deve- and Arnold (2008) have put forward tooth eruption and wear se- lopment of agriculture. In this work we use archaeoenvironmental quences for sheep/goat that promise far greater resolution of age of data to investigate whether patterns observed at the scale of in- death among young sheep than previous, commonly used ageing dividual sites reflect local environments and animal management methods. These new toothwear schemes, when applied to existing practices. Just as isotopes have allowed us to integrate plant and zooarchaeological toothwear records, promise to permit more preci- animal food sources in palaeodiets, they may also provide a way se estimations of age at death than previously possible. They conse- of integrating zoological, botanical and environmental information quently enable a more detailed understanding of the periodic/seaso- that sheds new light on archaeological questions. nal culling strategies employed by different farming communities. S5-1, The biochemical study of animals remains: Recent work by Randall recognises that small differences in mortality integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to archaeozoology, poster profiles can represent real and significant differences in farming and herd management strategies that are the product of both practical HARRISON Ramona1 & ROBERTS Howell M.2 considerations of stock management and social choice. Identifica- 1, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, tion and interpretation of these differences in the zooarchaeological USA, [email protected] record, requires high-resolution age profiles 2, Fornleifastofnun Íslands, Icelandic Archaeology Institute, Bárugata 3, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland This paper reports the results of a recent study evaluating the useful- ness of these refinements to sheep dental ageing schemes in iden- Marginal exchange? A 14th century Icelandic trading site tifying and interpreting differences in juvenile mortality profiles. It in its regional and international context examines the potential benefits of applying these new schemes to th existing published and archive zooarchaeological datasets, and ex- Archaeological excavations at the 14 Century trading site Gásir in plores whether revisiting the data from the British Iron Age in this NE Iceland’s Eyjaförður have resulted in a distinctive collection of way can provide improve our understanding of herd management artifacts and environmental remains. Gásir´s integration into the in this period and region. regional socio-political system and its connection to the internatio- S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster nal North Atlantic economical and political realm are major focus points of this research project. Zooarchaeological analysis offers a 1 2 glimpse into the site’s food provisioning system and highlights po- HAMBRECHT George , PERDIKARIS Sophia tential culture-specific methods of food preparation. It is apparent & LOOK Cory that the trading site at Gásir did not engage in dairying economy 1, Department of Anthropology, Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA, and was further provisioned with prime beef and mutton. Fish re- [email protected] mains analysis indicates that a certain amount of fresh fish may 2, Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, 2900 Bedford Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA, [email protected] have been processed on site and that a portion of the fish supply may have arrived at the market in processed form. While the faunal Barbuda Historical Ecology Project collection from this prominent market site with its merchant The Barbuda Historical Ecology Project is a long-term project investi- is relevant to discussions of status, wealth, and ethnicity of the peo- gating landscape change on the island of Barbuda from the first hu- ple actively involved in the trade exchange, it does not sufficiently man colonization to the present day. Barbuda witnessed successive explain the impact these people and their goods may have had on waves of colonization from the first Archaic hunter-gatherers (rou- the surrounding valley systems. For better understanding of this ghly 7000 BCE), through the agriculturalist Saladoid culture (roughly issue, a more regionally oriented research approach was initiated. 100 BCE – 800 CE), and the post-Columbian (post 1492 CE) European Preliminary results from this early investigation of the ´hinterlands´ and African colonization’s of the island. Each group brought its own area are presented in this poster. faunal package, both consciously and unconsciously, to the island of S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, poster Barbuda. Each set of faunal introductions had major ramifications for 1 2 this small island ecosystem and the cultures that inhabited it. This pa- HARTMAN Gideon & MUNRO D Natalie per will be an introduction to this project concentrating on the issues 1, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, surrounding these faunal introductions. The effects of the introduc- Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig D-04103, Germany, [email protected] 2, Department of Anthropology, 354 Mansfield Rd, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT 06269, tions of different cultural and unconscious faunal packages on the [email protected] landscape of this island will be discussed. S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, poster Reconstructing the environmental impact of the on Natufian society in the southern Levant using a HAMILTON Julie, HEDGES Robert & combined stable isotope and zooarchaeological approa- ROBINSON Mark ches University of Oxford, RLAHA, Dyson Perrins Bldg, South Parks Rd, OX1 3QY, Oxford, UK, julie. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] The Younger Dryas (YD) is a millennium long cold and dry spell that Integrating landscape archaeozoology using faunal car- arguably disrupted the sedentary lifestyle of Natufian society in the bon and nitrogen stable isotopes southern Levant. It has been claimed that the impact of the YD for- ced the Natufians to explore new subsistence modes. The severity Within domesticated animal populations there is frequently more of the environmental impact of the YD in the Levant however, is still variation in bone collagen δ13C and δ15N than in omnivorous hu- under debate, making it difficult to verify its role in the transition to

148 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 agriculture. This study combines stable carbon isotope (δ13C) data and one family of Ochotonidae (Ochotona sp.). Carnivores are also from modern plants and mountain gazelles from the southern Le- attested in smaller number in the form of small Mustelidae (Mustela vant to establish a framework to assess the climatic impact of the sp.). Moles (Talpa sp.) were also identified. Eightee genus or spe- YD in the Natufian core area of the Mediterranean hills. This fra- cies of birds have been determined. Amphibians include Ranidae mework will be compared to archaeozoological assemblages from (Rana sp.) and Bufonidae (Bufo viridis), and Reptiles include: 1) Aga- the adjacent Natufian sites Hayonim Cave and HayonimTerrace that midae (Laudakia caucasia), 2) Lacertidae (Lacerta sp.), 3) Scincidae predate and span part of the YD. (Eumeces cf. schneideri), 4) Colubridae (cf. Malpolon and Colubrinae S5-1, The biochemical study of animals remains: integrating isotopic and trace indet.), and 6) Testudinidae (Testudo sp.). Taphonomic analyses in- elements analyses to archaeozoology dicate that most of these remains have been accumulated by owls, mostly barn owls, which still frequent the rear part of the cave. Haruda Ashleigh The variations of the frequency of the different small vertebrate 170 Gunnersbury Avenue, W3 8LB, London, UK. [email protected] species provide the first description for this region of climate and landscapes at different times of the Late Pleistocene and of the Ho- Fringes of empire: changing subsistence patterns in iron locene. age Kazakhstan S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster

The Iron Age in Kazakhstan (800 BC to AD 200) is generally cha- Haws Jonathan1, Hockett Bryan, racterized by large confederacies of highly mobile nomads, depen- Funk Caroline & Bicho Nuno2 dent upon large herds of cattle, sheep or horses. These nomads were believed to have interacted only loosely with China and the 1, University of Louisville, Dept. of Anthropology, 236 Lutz Hall, 40292, Louisville, USA, jonathan. [email protected] continental trade route between the east and west. However as 2, FCHS, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal archaeology in the region moves away from the study of burial kur- gans and focuses on settlements and utilizes new forms of investi- Into and out of the lgm at Lapa do Picareiro (Portugal) gation, such as zooarchaeology and archaeobotanical analysis, our view of these remote nomads has changed. Lapa do Picareiro has a record of human occupation and animal A suite of settlement sites in the Talgar alluvial fan of southeastern use spanning at least the last 30,000 years making it an ideal lo- Kazakhstan provides significant evidence of a mixed subsistence cale to track changes in subsistence during the Late Pleistocene. pattern that utilizes agriculture, and mixed animal use. Renewed excavations have revealed a continuous sequence dated Preliminary evidence suggests trade and high status individuals through the entire Upper Paleolithic. Artifacts include a few lithics, moved through this nomadic hinterland. Additionally the culti- worked bone and a pierced red deer canine, typically found in Solu- vation of grain and diversification of domesticated animal popu- trean and Terminal Gravettian contexts. Abundant faunal remains lations suggests a settled population. Such a dramatic change in in levels T and U dated 20-22,000 BP provide new subsistence and subsistence indicates that the pull of trade and power may have paleoenvironmental data for the Last Glacial Maximum. The mam- reached even as far as these fringes of the empire. malian fauna include red deer, roe deer, ibex, horse, rabbit and the S2-3, Empires, poster Iberian lynx. Preliminary analyses suggest both human and car- nivore/raptor inputs. The rabbit bones suggest human agency as Hashemi Narguess1,2, Vigne Jean-Denis3, punctures are rare and breakage is consistent with human-caused 4 5 patterns. Human consumption of red-legged and gray partridges is Bailon Salvador , Roustaie Kourosh. , confirmed by cutmark data. Other bird species were likely brought Rezvani H.6, Darvish Jamshid.7 & in by raptors. Amphibians recovered from the LGM levels include Mashkour Marjan8 the Iberian spadefoot, an endemic species found in most of Portu- gal, central and southern Spain and the south of France. Picareiro 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, lies within its preferred biogeographic zone today. The numerous pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] 2, Department for Rodent studies, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran, nhashemi_geol@yahoo. species of mammals, birds and amphibians indicate relatively mild com climatic conditions during the early LGM. Both mammal and bird 3, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] species present in these level prefer open environments such as 4, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, grassland/steppe and open woodlands. pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. salvator. [email protected] 5, ICHTO (Iranian Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organisation) - ICAR ( Iranian Centre for S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster Archaeological Research), Iran, [email protected] 6, ICHTO (Iranian Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organisation) - ICAR ( Iranian Centre for Archaeological Research), Iran, HENTON Elizabeth 7, Department for Rodent studies, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad-Iran, darvish_j2001@yahoo. com Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London WC1H0PY, 8, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : United Kingdom. [email protected] sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] The management of domestic herds and their resources Preliminary results of the study of the small vertebrates in the Late Central Anatolian Neolithic; the use of oxygen of Kani Mikaiel cave (Western Iran; 20.000 BP to Historical isotopes in Çatalhöyük sheep teeth Times) Domestic caprines and crops were the economic mainstay of many Kani Mikaiel cave is located at 40 km east of the city of Saqiz in Za- settlements in the Late Neolithic of Southwest Asia. Pasture and gros Mountain. During systematic excavations in 2001, a considerable fodder provision probably competed with farming for land, and amount of small vertebrate remains were recovered in the rear part could have depleted and degraded local resources over time. One of the cave, where archaeological deposits were very scarce.. The aim solution might have been more controlled herd management that of this study is a paleoecological reconstruction of the northwest scheduled intensified exploitation of natural pasture and arable of Iran during the represented sequence. Eigth radiocarbon dating by-products. Successful experimentation with caprine feeding and indicates that it covers a period from the late Pleistocene (20 Ky) to mating behaviour could have altered animal; human relationships 4-6th c. AD, but probably not continuously. and enhanced the status of herding. Lambing seasonality and Most of the micro vertebrates recovered belong to rodents and pasture location may be explored through oxygen isotopes in ar- lagomorphs. Four subfamilies of rodents were identified: 1) Arvi- chaeological sheep tooth enamel. In the second mandibular molar colinae (Ellobius cf. lutescens, Microtus cf. socialis, Chionomys cf. ni- the time resolution of enamel formation allows sequential oxygen valis), 2) Cricetinae (Mesocricetus auratus, Cricetulus migratorius), 3) isotope values to be related to seasonal changes in water ingested Allactaginae (Allactaga cf. williamsi), 4) Gerbillinae (Meriones sp.), in the first year. Within a model constructed from modern compa-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 149 rators a lamb’s season of birth and the conditions in which it passed blages from Romano-British sites indicate a military diet reflecting its first summer and winter may be interpreted. Each archaeological ‘Gallic’ or ‘Germanic’ tastes. Although these suppositions may be tooth thus provides the sheep’s biography; from this its manage- true for some of the military and urban sites in Britain, they are ment may be constructed. Further detail can be added using, for comprehensively inaccurate for the Thames Valley region. In fact, example, tooth aging and dental microwear analysis. Çatalhöyük’s the diet of this region, as evidenced by botanical remains, suggests palaeoenvironment, its long 1200-year occupation and its large, ti- a kitchen replete with many of the fruits and herbs one would find ghtly-stratified faunal assemblage make it a suitable study. Biogra- in Italy. The faunal assemblages from both rural and urban sites in phies of 72 sheep have been constructed; preliminary interpreta- the Thames Valley, however, are strikingly distinct from those found tion shows contrasting periods of variability and uniformity in herd in both Italy and the Northern Provinces. The Thames Valley faunal management. remains represent something which is not a result of ‘Romanization,’ S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: ‘militarization,’ or a continuation of native Iron Age practices, but integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral rather appears to be a result of environmental factors and econo- mic concerns. This raises tantalizing questions about the accuracy 1,2 HERRERA Michael James B. , PIPER of assuming cultural determinism for faunal remains, and calls into Philip J.1, EUSEBIO Michelle S.1,2 & question the commonly accepted theories of animal husbandry 2 and diet in the Roman world. RUBIO Raquel O. S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral 1, Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101, [email protected] 1 2, Biological Research and Services Laboratory, Natural Sciences Research Institute, University HETEREN Anneke H. VAN , MACLARNON of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101, [email protected] Ann2, SOLIGO Christophe3 & RAE Todd4 Microtemporal phylogeny and morphometric account of 1, Centre for Research in Evolutionary Anthropology, School of Human and Life Sciences, Roehampton University, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, United Kingdom. the domestic Sus in the Phillippine archipelago [email protected], [email protected] 2, Centre for Research in Evolutionary Anthropology, School of Human and Life Sciences, Pig species diversity in the Philippine archipelago is among the Roehampton University, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, United Kingdom. [email protected] most remarkable in the Southeast Asia. Understanding evolutiona- 3, Department of Anthropolgoy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, ry history of wild pigs and the recent antiquity of pig domesticates United Kingdom. [email protected] 4, Centre for Research in Evolutionary Anthropology, School of Human and Life Sciences, make for a picture that is significant of not only on human origins Roehampton University, Holybourne Avenue, London SW15 4JD, United Kingdom. t.rae@ and expansion routes but also on the mechanisms that lead into roehampton.ac.uk the evolution of several Sus species in the region. Using a tripar- tite approach, we present the current collated information coming 3D geometric morphometrical analyses of the functional from (a) molecular studies using samples of pig population, morphology of the cave bear Ursus spelaeus (b) morphometric analysis of archaeological and sub-recent skele- tal remains, and (c) ancient DNA analysis of pig remains excavated There are eight living species of Ursidae in the world today. In the from archaeological sites in the Philippines. Pleistocene of Europe, however, there was also the now-extinct S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster cave bear (Ursus spelaeus s.l.). Cave bears are hypothesised by most (though not all) authors to have been primarily herbivorous, usually HESSE Brian1 & JIN Jennie2 based on the morphology of their teeth. To test this hypothesis and 1, Jewish Studies Program, The Pennsylvania State University, 103 Weaver Building, University assess the dietary adaptations of cave bears, 3D geometric mor- Park, PA 16802, USA, [email protected] phometrics has been utilised. 2, Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command, Central Identification Lab (JPAC-CIL), 310 Worchester Fifteen landmarks of the mandible have been chosen to reflect Avenue, Hickam AFB, HI 96853, USA, [email protected] functional shape. Specimens of U. spelaeus s.l. (N=13) and its relati- Domestication in East Asia as seen from over the horizon ves (N=89) have been digitised in three dimensions with a Micros- cribe G2. The data were analysed by Procrustes Analysis, Regression From a perspective shaped by fieldwork in Southwest Asia, the pro- onto log centroid size and Principal Component Analyses (PCA) cesses leading to the domestication of livestock in East Asia seem using MorphoJ. intriguingly different. The categories of evidence marshaled to U. spelaeus occupies a unique position in shape-space based on PCs document the taming process differ radically from what has been 1 and 2 (explaining 54.8% of variance). PC1 separates different die- found in the lands bordering the Taurus-Zagros arc. Further, our tary niches and classifiesU. spelaeus as a herbivore (p<0.01). Within review of the literature suggests that the pathways (to borrow Da- each dietary niche, more fibrous diets are associated with higher vid Harris’s language) to the adoption of pigs, cattle and camels fol- PC2 scores than less fibrous diets (p<0.01). Within the herbivores, lowed different courses and different rules. We suggest here that a the giant panda ( melanoleuca), which eats bamboo, has culture-area approach to tackling the transformation might enrich the highest PC2 values, followed by the spectacled bear (Tremarc- interpretations of the evidence and suggest alternative strategies tos ornatus), which eats the bamboo-like suro and bromelias; U. for future research. spelaeus has lower PC2 values than T. ornatus (p<0.01), indicating a S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, less fibrous diet. This method thus provides the opportunity to de- Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral termine the diet of extinct animals without an extant homologue. S1-7, Geometric morphometrics in archaeozoology: Hesse Rachel applications and perspectives, oral Oxford University, Merton College, Merton Street, OX1 4JD, Oxford, UNITED KINGDOM, rachel. [email protected] Hicks Megan City University of New York, 365 Park Avenue, 10061, New York, USA, [email protected] Reconsidering animal husbandry and diet in roman bri- tain Subsistence in the Lake Mývatn Area of Northern Iceland

Within Roman archaeology, it has commonly been assumed that Beginning in 1991 and continuing through today, past human sub- certain dietary patterns, as evidenced by the relative percentages sistence in the Lake Mývatn Area of Northern Iceland has been in- of domestic species, correspond to different cultural groups. From vestigated archaeologically and extensive collaborative fieldwork analyses of the faunal remains from Roman Britain, two assertions has produced several large archaeofaunal collections, spanning are commonly made. First, the Romano-British diet was distinctly the settlement period through the early modern era (9th-19th c). un-Roman (or un-Italian) in character. Second, the faunal assem- Evidence indicates that within the Lake Mývatn Area, specific eco-

150 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 nomic strategies varied between sites significantly and included buried. However, the Chunqiu age was a turning point, with horse distinct combinations of imported domestic livestock, local wild burials including only colts; after that, more foals were sacrificed resources and marine resources. Over approximately 1100 years than during the previous period. Moreover, the number of horses these strategies have transformed the physical and social landsca- scarified together at the same time increased considerably, which pe, causing massive soil erosion, shaping and reshaping settlement might indicate that governing structures were gradually stabilized. patterns but also producing archaeologically evident examples of S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, long- term sustainable resource use. This contrasts with contem- Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, poster poraneous evidence from the neighboring Faroe Islands where subsistence strategies appear to have been generally more sustai- HOFFECKER John F.1, ANIKOVICH M. V.2 & nable over the long term. The Lake Mývatn Area archaeofaunal col- SINITSYN A.2 lections discussed here have been analyzed at the City University 1, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, of New York (CUNY) Hunter College and CUNY Brooklyn College USA. [email protected] Zooarchaeology Laboratories and this presentation summarizes 2, Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, some major themes resulting from years of analysis and compari- RUSSIA son and representing the collaborative work of many. The field pro- Large Mammal Procurement in an Early Upper Paleolithic jects were supported by Rannis (Icelandic Center for Research) as well as the U.S. National Science Foundation. Full laboratory reports Landscape on the Central Plain of Eastern Europe of excavations and faunal analysis mentioned in the presentation Stratified open-air sites at Kostenki-Borshchevo contain multiple are available on the NABO website (www.nabohome.org). occupations of early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) age buried in slope S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral deposits around side-valley ravines on the west bank of the Don River (Russia). The EUP occupations are dated by tephrochronolo- Hill Austin gy, luminescence, radiocarbon, and paleomagnetism to ca. 45-30 ka cal BP and some are associated with buried soils that formed University of Connecticut, Department of Anthropology, Storrs, CT 06269-2176, USA (austin. [email protected]) during the age equivalent of MIS 3. Analysis of vertebrate remains associated with the artifacts and features suggests that both habi- Ploughing and Surplus Production: secondary products tations and kill-butchery sites are represented in an EUP landscape. use at Chalcolithic Tel Tsaf, Israel Several occupations beneath the CI tephra (40 ka) yield evidence of the killing and/or butchering of large mammals, including horse, The development of the specialized production of wool, dairy pro- reindeer, and mammoth. Occupations at Kostenki 14 and 15 exca- ducts, and animal traction has long been suggested to have played vated in the 1950s by Rogachev that overlie the CI tephra (39-30 ka) a key role in the development of complexity during the Chalcolithic are associated with evidence of killing and butchering groups of period of the Near East. Additionally, as the timing of various uses of horses that may have been driven into the side-valley ravines from secondary products in Europe and the Levant becomes more refined, the main river valley (analogous to postulated horse drives into a it is becoming increasingly clear that both the earliest use of the three cul-de-sac at Solutré [France] during the same period). major secondary products, as well as major changes in the intensifi- S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early cation of their production, were not simultaneous. This research iden- Holocene, oral tifies the development of the specialized production of secondary products at the middle Chalcolithic site of Tel Tsaf, Israel. At Tel Tsaf, Hofreiter Michael the adoption of ploughing may have enabled immediate changes in Department of Biology (Area 2), University of York, PO Box 373, York YO10 5YW York, United the scale of agricultural production. Dramatic increases in agricultural Kindom. [email protected] surplus would have enabled the provisioning of non-subsistence spe- cialists, spurring the development of urban market economies and Hybridization capture, high-throughput sequencing and centralized redistribution systems. Thus, while changes in milk and its implications for ancient DNA research wool production may reflect changes in social complexity, the use of cattle for labor to plough fields is more likely to have played a key The development of high-throughput or next-generation DNA role in driving social change. The presence of extensive quantities of sequencing (NGS) has transformed molecular biology as a whole. grain storage silos at Tel Tsaf, along with pilot study data suggesting In ancient DNA research, it has allowed the sequencing of the first non-meat production of cattle, provides new evidence for the develo- draft genome version of an extinct species, the woolly mammoth. pment of complexity during this critical period. However, as all NGS technologies are shotgun methods, they are S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, poster in themselves not suited for sequencing of specific DNA regions or multiple individuals. Therefore, techniques have been developed HIROKI Kikuchi for barcoding DNA in order to sequence large numbers of indivi- duals in parallel, as well as for targeting large amounts on DNA se- Nara National Institute for Cultural Properties Center for Archaeological Operations,2-9-1, Nijo- quence beyond the scope of standard PCR. Although initially based cho, Nara 630-8577 Japan, [email protected] on variants of PCR such as multiplex PCR and long-range PCR, The sacrifice of horses during the Pre-Qin Age in China capture methods using DNA-DNA hybridization are increasingly used to this end. I will present recent developments that make NGS This study summarizes the changes in horse sacrifice during the Pre- available for functional and population genetic studies using an- Qin Age in China and provides new results from the zooarchaeolo- cient DNA and will show how these technologies are transforming gical analysis of horse remains in order to reconstruct patterns of the way one should think about ancient DNA research. horse exploitation in ancient China. S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral The use of the horse started from the period of the Late Shang dy- nasty in the eastern and western parts of the Yellow River Valley. La- HOLLUND Hege & JANS Miranda ter the utilization of horses expanded to the northern and southern VU University, Amsterdam, Institute for Geo- and Bioarchaeology, Faculty of Earth and Life regions. The size and the use of horses displayed considerable Sciences, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, [email protected], variation between the area close to the political centre and in the [email protected] frontiers area. At the same time, differences are attested between villages and cities. The relationship between taphonomic histories and his- The horse burials of the political centre can be separated into two tology: A case study types. The first is burial of adult horses ca. 7 years old with a chariot, and the second type is burial of individual horses. The sacrificing age Understanding taphonomy and bone diagenesis is essential to changed through time. At first middle-aged horses and colts were assess and evaluate the reliability of biogenic signals such as DNA

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 151 and stable isotopes in archaeological bone. To predict the survi- between the height of a site and the relative proportions of sheep val of biomolecules in bone, different diagenetic parameters can and cattle recovered (pig numbers are not affected). It is suggested be used. One such parameter is the preservation of bone micros- in this poster that this represents evidence for environmentally de- tructure. Taphonomic signatures as detected using histology can termined transhumance. also provide additional data on deposition/burial and the burial S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster environment. (Turner-Walker & Jans 2008). In 1995, a Roman Period farm and cemetery were excavated at Castricum, in the province of Holt Emily Noord-Holland in The Netherlands. The excavation uncovered ske- letal material of humans and a variety of animal species which had Museum of Anthropology, 1109 Geddes Avenue, 48109, Ann Arbor, USA, [email protected] received different burial treatments. The humans, as well as some dogs and cattle, were buried as complete inhumations. The skeletal Per capita growth in the early Roman empire: faunal re- remains of horses provided evidence that the meat had not been mains from the Pompeii archaeological research project: consumed but that the carcass had been left to rot in the open. Porta Stabia Together with the animal refuse bones (of pig and cattle) from the site, this assemblage provides an excellent opportunity to investi- Ancient economies experience aggregate growth through popu- gate the relationship between early taphonomy, burial conditions, lation increase, but disagreement obtains on whether per capita and biomolecular analytical potential and histological appearance. growth was possible before the industrial revolution. Unlike aggre- Turner-Walker, G. & Jans, M. 2008 Reconstructing taphonomical his- gate growth, per capita growth has the power to increase the stan- tories using histological analysis, Palaeogeography, Palaeoecology, dard of living of an entire population, not just of a wealthy segment. , 266: 227-235. The late Roman Republic and early Empire have been identified as S7-1. New Perspectives on Taphonomy, poster periods when per capita growth may have taken place. Macro evi- dence such as increasing numbers of shipwrecks may support this HOLLUND Hege1, JANS Miranda1, COLLINS broad characterization. However, identifying per capita growth at 1, 2 1 the micro level has proved difficult. Matthew , & KARS Henk I use the faunal remains from the Pompeii Archaeological Research 1, VU University, Amsterdam, Institute for Geo- and Bioarchaeology, Faculty of Earth and Life Project: Porta Stabia to investigate per capita economic growth at Sciences, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] a micro scale. PARP:PS is excavating a neighborhood of two town 2, University of York, BioArch, Departments of Biology and Archaeology, University of York, P.O. blocks characterized by light industry, small shops and inns, and Box 373, York YO10 5YW, UK, [email protected] non-elite residences. The faunal remains from this insula, though affected by site-formation and taphonomic processes, are a direct More information from Archaeological Bones? Maximi- representation of ancient consumption patterns. If the average per- zing the information potential of archaeological skeletal son’s ability to consume meat - an expensive but desirable product material; now and in the future - increased during the late Republic and early Empire, it would sug- gest that per capita growth occurred. A preliminary analysis of the Understanding taphonomy and bone diagenesis is essential to ob- fauna excavated by PARP:PS provides a complicated but intriguing tain reliable information from archaeological bones, and to preser- picture of per capita growth in the early Empire. ve this information for future research. The aim of our study is to in- S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral vestigate the relationship between bone preservation parameters and survival of its biomolecules, taking advantage of the large scale HÖLTKEMEIER Svenja LeCHE project investigating dairying in the Neolithic. Alteration of bone in the burial environment can lead to contamination of the Université Paris 1, Panthéon – Sorbonne, France. [email protected] material or even complete loss of biomolecules. The procedures for extracting and analysing biomolecules are destructive, costly and Les dépôts de faune dans les enceintes du Néolithique time-consuming, and often fail due to poor preservation. A simple moyen dans le Nord de la France et en Allemagne and reliable screening method is needed to aid selection of optimal samples but thus far there is no one unequivocally successful stra- Le nombre des enceintes de Michelsberg a augmenté depuis plu- tegy. The current project is part of the LeCHE EU research training sieurs années grâce aux fouilles programmées autant que par le network. The project, which includes isotopic and genetic approa- biais de l’archéologie préventive et la documentation sur les rejets ches, allows us to obtain a large set of complementary information osseux s’est par là-même étoffée. on a range of bone assemblages. This provides an opportunity to Au cours de cette étude, nous traiterons les dépôts de faune exis- assess several diagenetic parameters, including the crystallinity tants dans les enceintes du Nord de la France (Nord Pas-de-Calais, index (by FTIR) and histological preservation, as predictive tools Picardie) et en Allemagne (Baden – Württemberg, Rhénanie – du – for preservation of biomolecules. An additional and important re- Nord – Westphalie) de manière chronologique. search question is the effect of museum storage on bone preserva- Dans un premier temps, cette étude s’attachera à révéler des parti- tion. The amount, diversity and time depth of material in storage cularités propres aux dépôts de faune liées à cette culture. Dans un provides a rich source of archaeological information. Potential sto- deuxième temps, elle tâchera de trouver des correspondances avec rage effects will be investigated by comparing the level of preser- les études déjà effectuées concernant les autres types de vestiges vation in museum specimens to that of freshly excavated material comme la céramique. Enfin, on s’interrogera sur la question de la from the same site. genèse de la culture de Michelsberg à travers les manifestations S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral cultuelles particulières dans les sites analysés. S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster HOLMES Matilda Horáček Ivan1 & Knitlova Marketa2 University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, England, matty@archaeozoology. co.uk 1, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ 128 44 Praha, Czech Republic, [email protected] 2, Dept.Zoology, Charles Univ. Prague, Check Republic,[email protected] Sheep on the Hills: Evidence for transhumance in Saxon England? Biogeography of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene faunal transition in Central Europe Recent analysis has been undertaken of the domestic species re- covered from a large number of English archaeological sites dating Patterns of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene rearrangements of to the Saxon period (AD 450-1066). These show strong correlations mammalian communities were analyzed based on a rich fossil re-

152 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 cord obtained from continuous sedimentary neighbouring coun- trance; this part of the site is well recorded with fascinating strati- tries of Central Europe. We demonstrated considerable interregio- graphy. This research will examine butchery patterns and body part nal differences in tempo and mode of the common trends in the representation from within these deposits to determine the nature Late Pleistocene-Holocene faunal rearrangemements (disappea- of carcass utilization, including the presence of cut, chopped or rance of glacial elements, arrival of core elements of the Holocene smashed bone and the distribution of marks to reveal the nature of communities, dramatic changes following the the butchery process including skinning, dismemberment and fille- etc.). Among other, with aid of multiple records we proved (a) the ting. At a later date this will aid comparison with midden deposits Late Pleistocene or early Holocene FAD of the Holocene apochoric from other areas of the site to determine if the ditch deposits are elements such as Crocidura suaveoilens, Pipistrellus pipistrellus, (b) special or mundane in nature. continuous survival of several woodland elements (Clethrionomys S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster glareolus, Sorex araneus, Micotus subterraneus, Microtus agrestis) throughout Weichselian (including LGM) in the Carpathians, (c) HOUMARD Claire prolonged survival of the glacial elements Ochotona pusilla and Microtus gregalis until middle Holocene in the Pannonian basin and Université Paris Ouest Nanterre, Université Laval, 40 rue Beaujon, 75008, Paris, France, [email protected] (d) Dicrostonyx gulielmi in the Carpathian foredeep, contrasting to (e) the early disappearance of these elements in S-Germany and Walrus and caribou exploitation at the Tayara site (Dor- Bohemia. The corresponding regional differences were found also in other cenologic traits. While the glacial communities were nearly set period, Canada) homogenous in their structure throughout whole the region, the The Tayara site is situated in the extreme north of the Quebec Holocene development produced a considerable faunal provincia- province and was occupied at least three times. Mainly two levels lism, which was the most pronounced during . S1-4, New developments in biogeography, poster of occupation delivered osseous industry. The main raw material used was walrus ivory, but bone (mainly walrus and caribou) and antler artefacts were also found. A typotechnological study of the HORSBURGH Katherine Ann osseous material was performed and a comparison with similar ar- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, PO Box 913, University of Otago, Dunedin tefacts from a few Arctic sites established. 9054, New Zealand. [email protected] The life of the artefact from the raw material procurement until its Cattle In Africa: A genetic perspective discard has been traced. The differential exploitation of the hunted game between artefact production - heads, needles, kni- African cattle are both economically, socially and ideologically ves… - and food needs was also examined. important across much of Africa, but the patterns interbreeding Hypotheses about the techniques used for the exploitation of the between Bos taurus and Bos indicus during their prehistory on the walrus tusk and bone, as well as caribou bone and antler have been continent is not well understood. Toward the end of the 19th cen- deduced. New chronological markers for the Arctic archaeology tury, Africa saw the confluence of disease epidemics and a dete- have been defined. A few sociological considerations will also be riorating climate impact the health of cattle populations such that presented. only 25% of sub-Saharan cattle survived. Such a dramatic reduction S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral in population size, followed by interbreeding with cattle introdu- ced from outside the continent, must have profoundly altered the nature of the gene pool of cattle on the continent. Here, we report HOWCROFT Rachel1 & LIDÉN Kerstin2 preliminary data on DNA preserved in cattle remains adding a tem- poral dimension to our understanding of the genetics and prehis- 1, Stockholm University, Wallenberglaboratoriet, SE-106 91, Stockholm, SWEDEN [email protected] tory of African cattle. 2, Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, Wallenberglaboratoriet, SE-106 S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, poster 91 Stockholm. [email protected]

The Milky Way: The implications of using animal milk HOSKING Kimberley¹ & CUSSANS Julia E.² products in infant feeding Every population has a subpopulation of lactose digesters: all Exploring taphonomy: butchery marks upon bovine re- young children are able to digest milk. It is possible, therefore, that mains from Broxmouth hill fort the first dietary use of animal milks by humans was for infant fee- ding. The population increases that accompanied the adoption of 1, University of Bradford, Division of Archaeological, Geographical and Environmental Sciences (AGES), University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP. agriculture in Europe have often been attributed to a reduction in [email protected] the age of weaning and a resultant increase in female fertility. The 2, University of Bradford, Division of Archaeological, Geographical and Environmental Sciences weaning period is a dangerous time for infants, and earlier wea- (AGES), University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP. [email protected] ning would be expected to increase levels of infant morbidity and mortality. The use of animal milks as a substitute for human milk The excavation of Broxmouth Iron Age Hill Fort, located near to may have been a way that early dairying populations were able to Edinburgh, East Lothian, in 1977/1978 was in its time the largest mitigate the negative effects of early weaning. The constitution archaeological rescue project in Scotland. To this day it remains the of milk varies according to species, however, and thus the use of most complete excavation of a Scottish hill fort and its structural, another species’ milk to feed human babies brings its own impli- ecological, artefactual and taphonomic evidence makes its publi- cations for infant health. This paper will detail some of the diffe- cation a priority for British Iron Age studies. A team based at the rences between human milk and milks from common dairy species University of Bradford are currently working on the full publication in terms of their suitability as foods for human infants. If animal of Broxmouth with funding from Historic Scotland. milks were used in infant feeding the resulting impact on infant However, due to the complex nature of the original post-excava- health would depend on the type of milk used, whether it was in tion process and the long period of time that has passed since, raw or fermented form, and the levels of nutrition and infectious many problems have been encountered during this current phase disease in the wider population. There would, however, have been of post-excavation. few circumstances in which opting to wean earlier was not a tra- Broxmouth has a large quantity of faunal remains; of which the ma- de-off between increased female fertility and increased risk to the jority are bos. This poster examines butchery marks found on cattle individual infant. bone within the two middle ditch terminals at the South-West En- S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, oral

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 153 Hu Yaowu bones were studied and sorted and only samples coming from distinct individuals were retained for each site for further analysis. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsui, Wang No. 19A, Yuquan Road, 100049, Beijing, CHINA, [email protected] Among them, some were radiocarbon dated to ascertain the time period and exclude any artefact, in particular for sites poorly stu- Isotopic evidence of pig domestication and management died until now. In parallel, ancient DNA techniques were used to during the Neolithic in northern China extract DNA of all selected bones and amplify a short, but highly variable, mitochondrial DNA fragment. We paid specific attention Although great achievements have been made to understand pig to avoid contamination by handling the samples in facilities only domestication in Northern China by the means of zooarchaeologi- dedicated to ancient DNA (National French Platform of Paleogene- cal and bimolecular studies, how the pigs were domesticated and tic, PALGENE). For 60 ancient samples out of 120 analysed, we were managed are still unclear. In this study, carbon and nitrogen stable able to obtain mitochondrial sequences among which 3 different isotopes of pig bones from several archaeological sites dating to the haplogroups were identified but with one being predominant. We Neolithic were analyzed to reveal the dietary differences between compared these Neolithic sequences to another dataset gathering pigs to differentiate the domesticated pigs from wild boars due to all the present-day mitochondrial sequences already described for the feeding activities by humans and to understand the patterns domestic sheep and for which we also added sequences of extant of pig domestication and management as well as the relationship wild specimens that we generated for this study. We will discuss the between humans and pigs. hypotheses that can be drawn from these results about the diffu- S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, sion of sheep in Europe during the Neolithic period. Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral

HUDSON Jean HULME-BEAMAN Ardern1,2, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413, 53201, Milwaukee, USA, [email protected] LARSON Greger1,MACDONALD Alastair3, Cultural Implications of Worked Bird Bone in Prehistoric CUCCHI Thomas2,4, EVIN Allowen2,4, STRAND- Peru VIDARSDÓTTIR Una5 & DOBNEY Keith2 Can early worked bone choices help us identify deep roots of 1, Department of Archaeology, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United cultural traditions? Can we tease apart the interplay of the role Kingdom. [email protected]; [email protected] 2, Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, St Mary’s Building, Elphinstone Road, of particular animals in early subsistence and as enduring icons? Aberdeen AB24 3UF, United Kingdom. [email protected] Two prehistoric Peruvian forager sites, separated by a thousand ki- 3, Department of Preclinical Veterniary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Summerhall, lometers of coastline, show a strikingly similar preference for the Edinburgh EH9 1QH, United Kingdom. [email protected] 4, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : use of three marine birds in the making of beads, tubes, flutes, and sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected]; evin@ perhaps fans. These chosen birds (Phalacrocorax, Sula, and Peleca- mnhn.fr 5, Department of Anthropology, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United nus) may represent many things: a selection of element and species Kingdom. [email protected] technically ideal for the intended function of the finished artifact, a practical efficiency in hunting choices based on the birds’ biology A Geometric morphometric analysis of Sulawesi pigs (Ba- and behavior, a symbolic connection with a “giving environment” byrousa spp. & Sus celebensis): Exploring their taxonomy sensu Bird-David (1990), or all of these in varying degrees. More for future archaeological applications than a thousand years later along the same coast, artists in prehis- toric agricultural societies chose these same birds when they deco- The two indigenous pig species of Sulawesi both have curious geo- rated fine ceramics and the walls of elite compounds, suggesting a graphical distributions. The distribution of Sus celebensis, the Sulawe- continuity of symbolism. Careful identification of taxa and element si warty pig, has possible anthropogenic origins across some islands of worked bone is an essential first step in analysis. Contextualizing of South East Asia; while the distribution and species status of Baby- these taxa ecologically, and comparing their uses and treatment by rousa spp. are peculiar and debated. The crania, mandibles and denti- contrasting worked and unworked bone, provide two methods for tion of modern museum specimens of Babyrousa spp. from Sulawesi evaluating cultural implications. Ethnographic data on recent fora- and Buru and Sus celebensis from Sulawesi have been subjected to gers and analyses by art historians provide additional insights. both two and three dimensional geometric morphometric analyses. S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral The results taxonomically define the crania and dentition of the de- bated subspecies and highlight morphological differences between HUGHES Sandrine1, DUFFRAISSE Marilyne1, the regional populations. These results may help identify the origins 1 of archaeological specimens and modern displaced populations. The BERTRAND Bénédicte , morphological results were compared with a previous, unpublished, POMPANON François2, BALACESCU Adrian3, genetic analyses carried out on specimens from the same collection. 4 4 When compared, the Buru populations of Babyrousa spp. with sug- MASHKOUR Marjan , VIGNE Jean-Denis , gested human origins appears both genetically and morphologically TRESSET Anne4 & HÄNNI Catherine1,5 distinct from other populations analysed. This suggests either they 1, Paleogenetics and Molecular Evolution, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, naturally colonised the island or the founding members came from Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée an unrepresented populations, possibly SW Sulawesi. Greater sample d’Italie 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France. [email protected] sizes are required to investigate this. Human mediated dispersal and 2, Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5553, Universite´ Fourier, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France trade are evident from the complicated results of the Sus celebensis. 3, Musee National d’Histoire de la Roumanie, Calea Victoriei, nr.12, sect. 3, cod poştal 030026, They could not currently be explained, but reveals areas requiring Bucureşti, Romania 4, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5197, Muséum further exploration. National d’Histoire Naturelle, ‘‘Archéozoologie, Histoire des Sociétés Humaines et des S1-7, Geometric morphometrics in archaeozoology: Peuplements Animaux’’ Département d’Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, CP 56, 57 rue applications and perspectives, oral Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France 5, PALGENE, French National Platform of Paleogenetics, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d’Italie 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France Humphrey Emma S. Mitochondrial diversity of Neolithic sheep in Europe Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell Street, Toronto ON M5S 2S2, Canada. [email protected] In a way to study genetic diversity of first domestic sheep in Eu- rope, we collected sheep bones from more than 20 Neolithic ar- Specialised hunting and mobility strategies in the Levan- cheological sites located at the beginning and along both routes of tine : A case study from the early Kebaran diffusion in Europe, the Mediterranean and Danubian ones. These site of Urkan e-Rub IIa

154 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 Urkan e-Rub IIa (UR IIa), an early Kebaran Epipalaeolithic site (ap- them between areas. If the origin of animal remains is identified, we proximately 18,000 cal years BP), in the Lower Jordan Valley, repre- can obtain a strong evidence of such interchanges. sents a specialised gazelle hunting and processing camp. Although We have made efforts to identify the catching sea areas from fish a high frequency of gazelle is typical of Epipalaeolithic faunal as- remains which have been transported to inland areas. This kind of semblages, the narrow focus of faunal exploitation at UR IIa is in study has also started in Europe with the detection of cod trade. sharp contrast to the Kebaran sites of Ohalo II and Ein Gev I (in the The report discusses the determination of excavated marine fishes Northern Jordan Valley), both of which have higher species diver- from inland or mountain sites dating from the medieval and early sity. This paper presents data on species and skeletal element re- modern periods in the Japanese archipelago. presentation from two phases of occupation at UR IIa, with a com- S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster parison to data from these two other Jordan Valley sites. The data will be considered from the perspective of specialized hunting and IZETA Andrés D.1 & LAGUENS Andrés G.2 processing. This helps explore the possible mobility strategies that 1, CONICET- Museo de Antropología, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional could encompass sites with both a concentration of gazelle and de Córdoba. Av. H. Yrigoyen 174, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected] high species diversity, as well as sites with specialised gazelle ex- 2, CONICET- Museo de Antropología, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional ploitation, such as found at UR IIa. de Córdoba. Av. H. Yrigoyen 174, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected] S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster Feeding the elite? Southamerican camelid differential feeding analysis through stable isotopes in the first mille- IKRAM Salima nium AD (Ambato valley, northwestern Argentina) American University in Cairo. [email protected] The use of stable isotopes to establish South American camelid pa- leodiet has been studied in the valleys of northwestern Argentina Man’s Eternal Best Friend: Dog and Human Burials in in the last three years. In a first diachronic approach we established Egypt a feeding pattern of animals that differed over time. Also in several There is a long history of animal burials, both ritual and pet, in areas the remains of camelids association with such palaeodietary Egypt. Among the many animals buried in Egypt, dogs are amongst indicators allowed to see a differentiation of the feeding of these the most commonly found. In the cases of ritual (votive) depo- animals in different times and that may be related to different types sits, the dogs are buried in groups together, far from any human of social organization of the region. So it seems to be a correlation remains. A handful of pet burials indicate that dogs were buried between the type of food eaten and the socioeconomic context in near their owners. However, recent excavations in the Fayum and which the camelids were found. Specifically in the Ambato Valley, a Baharia Oases have yielded a hitherto unknown type of deposit, non egalitarian society developed for the first millennium AD whe- containing both dog and human remains. This paper will explore re elite people had differential access to varied goods that included the phenomenon of joint human and canid burials in Graeco-Ro- specially breed camelids. This work aims to integrate 21 new results man Egypt and try to understand the precise meaning and nature of from Ambato Valley. The new data come from Piedras Blancas of these assemblages. (~1000 A.D.). The isotopic values suggest a diet with high content S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral of C4 plants, which in turn was interpreted as a feeding cycle ma- nagement of these animals. These new data strengthen our model Ishimaru Eriko1, Kicheol Shin 2, of specialization in the handling of animals associated ultimately the development of non egalitarian societies in Ambato Valley. In 3 4 Hirofumi Teramura , Takanori Nakano order to assess if this was a particular practice of this period and & Takakazu Yumoto 5 site, results were compared with other sites of the Valley from the same time and with an earlier one (El Altillo, ~0 AD), confirming the previous model. Hunting area of Jomon Period in Japan revealed through S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: integrating isotopic and strontium isotope ratios of excavated mammal tooth trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral 1, Research Institute for Humanity and Natuire, 457-4,Motoyama Kamigamo, Kita-ku , 603- 8047, Kyoto, JAPAN, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ; [email protected]; [email protected] IZETA Andres & CATTANEO G. Roxana CONICET, Facultad de Filosofia y Humanidades, UNC, Av. H. Yrigoyen 174, 5000, Cordoba, We tried to reveal the hunting area of Jomon and Yayoi period in ARGENTINA, [email protected] Japan by strontium isotope analysis of mammnal tooth enamel and Bone instruments from first millenium in northwestern modern plants. occupations in Argentina. A macro and microscopic ap- S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster proach to study their functionality Ishimaru Eriko1, Ichiro Tayasu2, Bone instruments are not commonly found in first millennium AD Tetsuya Umino3, Minoru Yoneda4 & occupations in northwestern Argentina. While the paucity of this type of evidence is clear a recurrent type is found: South American 5 Takakazu Yumoto camelids metapodials with a standardized shape (a rounded sha- ped tip at the proximal epiphysis). Ancient transport in the Japanese archipelago assessed Macroscopic analysis as microscopic analysis was taken in order to by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of assess the ways the instruments were used. Preliminary results insi- marine fish nuate that can be one of the functions. 1, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4,Motoyama Kamigamo, Kita-ku , 603-8047, S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster Kyoto, JAPAN, [email protected] 2, Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto Universioty, 509-3 2-chome, Hirano, Otsu, Shiga, 520- 2133, JAPAN, [email protected] IZQUIERDO Manuel Arturo & BURKEAriane 3, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Université de Montréal, Département d’anthropologie, C.P 6128 succursale Centre-Ville, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8528, JAPAN, [email protected] Montréal, QC, Canada, H3T 3J7, [email protected]; [email protected] 4, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, JAPAN, [email protected] 5, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto, The paleoethology of E. hydruntinus: agent-based simu- 603-8047, JAPAN, [email protected] lations This study aims to establish a method to identify the origin of ex- The spatial organisation of Neanderthals has been studied relative cavated marine products in order to determine the interchange of to the distribution of resources such as lithic raw materials; the im-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 155 pact of prey distributions is more difficult to assess, however. An pregnancy. To maintain a certain level of milk production part of initial attempt to address this issue (Burke et at. 2008) analysed the staple is replaced annually. Furthermore, the old individuals the spatial distribution of Middle Palaeolithic sites in Crimea with that did not produce milk any longer were transported to another the help of a probability distribution model of the dominant prey region of the Netherlands to increase in weight and to be slaugh- species, E. hydruntinus. The probability distribution model was tered. Knowing this, it is obvious that the analysis of the archaeo- constructed using ArcGIS and based upon the ethology of E. hemio- zoological record from the area is not straightforward. The visibility nus, the closest known relative of E. hydruntinus. The present work of specialised dairy farming is complicated as the Late Medieval aims to improve upon this approach using agent based simulations. record from South Holland indicates. The simulations provide us with a testing ground within which to S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, oral establish the spatial and temporal dynamics of E. hydruntinus, the dynamics of the predator-prey relationship and its effect upon the JAMES-LEE Tiffany spatial distribution of Neanderthals. Department of Anthropology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand, A mixed programming environment based on C++ and Python lan- [email protected] guages is used, incorporating topological, hydrological, vegetation and paleoclimate layers in a GIS. The preliminary product of simula- Shellfishing and Horticulture in Prehistoric Northern New tions run over the southern part of the Crimea Peninsula (Ukraine) Zealand is presented in this paper and the outcome of the agent based si- mulations is compared with the probability distribution model as a This paper will examine the role of shellfish in prehistoric diet in test of the relative merits of both approaches. the Coromandel and Bay of Plenty region of New Zealand. Previous S1-4, New developments in biogeography, oral diet reconstructions in New Zealand have argued that fish, mam- mals and birds were significantly more important than shellfish. JAFFE Kelila However these studies were generally focused on southern New New York University, 25 West Fourth Street, 10th Floor, New York, New York, 11385, USA, kelila. Zealand which differs significantly from the north because it lacked [email protected] horticulture. I will examine the role that shellfish played in the hor- ticultural economy of a selected region in northern New Zealand, Zooarchaeology and the Natural History Museum Exhi- testing the hypothesis that they helped to sustain communities bition that were constrained in mobility and therefore access to other re- sources by both the requirements of garden maintenance and the Once stodgy places replete with taxidermy and dusty dioramas, close territorial proximity of other horticultural communities. natural history museums now offer exciting and interactive exhibits S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - Shell middens that attract a diverse range of visitors. These museums offer more and shells as a food resource, oral than an introduction to the physical and biological sciences. 1 1 Natural history museums have a long tradition of including cultural JANGJOO Maryam , DARVISH Jamshid , elements, often in the problematic context of “primitive culture Hashemi Nargues2 & MASHKOUR Marjan2 halls.” Debates have arisen in the museum community as to whether these displays should be replaced or conserved. One of the greatest 1, Rodentology Research Department, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran. [email protected] challenges facing these institutions’ modernization efforts is the [email protected] appropriate reconciliation of the cultural and the natural. Mission 2, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. nhashemi_jeol@yahoo. statements have been revised to include an emphasis on human com, [email protected] cultures and their interactions with the biological and physical world. Zooarchaeology is exactly positioned at this intersection, Geometric morphometric analysis of steppe field mouse and already has an established presence in natural history Apodemus witherbyi (Rodentia: Muridae) from Nor- museums. This makes zooarchaeology uniquely suited to bring the human element into natural history, especially in the areas of thern part of Iran special programming. Many of today’s most popular topics, such as Steppe field mouse (Apodemus witherbyi( is a species with the wide food, can be showcased through the work of zooarchaeologists. distribution at Iran plateau. This species occurs syntopically with S2-6, Influencing, supporting and maintaining our profession: past, present and future, oral A. flavicolis and A. uralensis and is altitudinally parapatric with A. hyrcanicus. Morphological differences among four populations of Iranian wood mice belonging to A. witherbyi were investigated by JAGT Inge M.M. van der outline-based geometric morphometrics method on the first and Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, second upper molars (M1/ and M2/) and also M/2 of fossil speci- [email protected] mens. These fossils are collected from Kordestan (Kan Mikaeil). The results indicated that A. witherbyi of East Azarbayijan was separated Agricultural changes and the visibility of dairy farming from populations of Tehran, Khorasan, Gorgan based on varia- tions in the shapes of the M1/ and M2/. According to these results, The agriculture in the western part of The Netherlands (called specimens of NW Iran belong to subspecies different from Tehran, South Holland) underwent major changes during the late Middle Khorasan, Gorgan subspecies. Moreover results of discriminant and Ages. Changes in landscape due to cultivation and reclamation of clustering analysis shows those fossil specimens belong to A. with- land and an emerging market economy resulted in a transforma- erbyi are ancestral and close to the population of East Azarbayijan. tion from a composite economy with field cropping and stock rea- S1-7, Geometric morphometrics in archaeozoology: ring to a specialized cattle farm with emphasis on dairy products. applications and perspectives, poster These changes are described in publications based on historical sources but have never been substantiated by JANS Miranda archaeozoological data. Institute for Geo and Bioarchaeology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV The question is whether this shift in agriculture is visible in the ar- Amsterdam, The Netherlands, [email protected] chaeozoological record. A complicating factor is for instance the fact that in this period livestock is frequently transported. From Histological analysis of bone diagenesis: the first 6000 historical literature it is known that with highly specialized milk years production cows are not bred and do not die at the dairy farms. The cows are transported to the dairy farms in Holland from e.g. Degradation processes can alter or destroy biological information- Friesland in the north just after giving birth or in the last stage of contained in skeletal remains, like morphology, histological structu-

156 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 re and biomolecules. Diagenetic signatures however can also pro- unité stratigraphique. Des remontages ainsi que des comparaisons vide additional information about the taphonomic history of bone. avec les données lithiques permettent de mieux comprendre les In this presentation data from several studies on the preservation différentes étapes au niveau chronologique et spatial de la chaîne of bone are combined resulting in an overview of degradation me- opératoire, à l’aide également de réferentiels expérimentaux. L’étu- chanisms during the first 6000 years in the burial environment. In de de l’industrie peu élaborée en matières dures animales connaît a previous study on archaeological bone in Europe, it was found un essor sans précédent ces dernières années et ce travail s’articule that bone from intact human burials shows bacterial alteration dans cette lignée. more often than fragmented and processed bones, indicating that Sur ce site précisément, les groupes du Paléolithique moyen ont, bacterial alteration takes place early post mortem, perhaps during dans la grande majorité des cas, utilisé les diaphyses d’os longs putrefaction. In the framework of another European funded pro- d’ongulés. Un retouchoir à partir d’un fémur d’Ursus arctos ainsi ject (BacBone), recent human bone (0 to 190 years post mortem) qu’un autre issu d’un bois de cervidé complètent ce tableau. La dis- from different sites in Europe, the USA, Asia and Oceania was sam- tribution spatiale des pièces selon les différentes unités stratigra- pled for histological analysis, and analysed for DNA quality. From phiques montre quelques différences dans l’utilisation de l’espace. the results it becomes clear that significant microbial alteration can Cependant, deux zones témoignent d’un schéma d’abandon préfé- already take place within the first 100 years post-mortem, depen- rentiel. L’une d’entre elle coïncide avec les nombreuses structures ding on the burial environment and peri-mortem circumstances. mises au jour. The types of microbial alteration of bone are similar in sites from S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster different environments across different continents. A relationship is found between presence of bacterial alteration and peri-mortem JIN Jennie fragmentation or complete burial of the body. Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command, Central Identification Lab (JPAC-CIL), 310 Worchester S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral Avenue, Hickam AFB, HI 96853, USA, [email protected]

JENKINS Sarah L. Zooarchaeological and taphonomic analyses of a 8,800- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, College Hall, Pullman, WA 99164 year-old archaeofauna from southwest China: any evi- USA, [email protected] dence of resource intensification? Old Site, New Questions: Putting Resource Intensification This paper is a zooarchaeological and taphonomic analysis of the to the Test in the Southeastern Plateau Using Faunal Re- faunal assemblage from Tangzigou, an Early Holocene open-air site in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. The goal of this study mains from Windust Cave (45FR46) was to reconstruct the foraging behavior of Tangzigou people in order to investigate whether there were archaeological signs of re- Recent research suggests that the use of certain resources inten- source stress and/or intensification in post-Pleistocene southwes- sified in the Columbia Plateau during the Late Prehistoric period tern China. This research contributes to our current understanding dating around 3,500 B.P. to approximately 250 B.P. Evidence for of the timing and process of the subsistence shift from foraging to the intensification of salmon and camass is illustrated by the many agriculture during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. artifacts and features related to a forager-collector lifestyle found No evidence of resource intensification was found in the Tangzigou in the Southern Columbia Plateau. However, direct evidence for assemblage. Data used to evaluate the resource stress hypothesis intensification of large mammal resources through decreased rich- were derived from the analysis of the skeletal element representa- ness and evenness in animal remains, representation of low quality tions, mortality profiles, bone breakage patterns, and bone surface parts and greater processing of elements from large mammals for modifications of ~9000 mammalian bone fragments. The Tangzigou extraction of grease and marrow, has yet to be shown. An analy- people seemed to have enjoyed the rich range of natural resources sis of the faunal remains from Windust Cave, a temporary hunting including hundreds of endemic plants and animals. Thus intensifi- camp used from 10,000 years ago continuously to historic time, has cation may not have been part of the process of subsistence shift in illuminated new evidence on the use of large ungulates in the late western Yunnan. Alternatively, intensification may have been part period for the Southeastern Plateau. These findings compared to of that process but occurred much later in the Holocene. Whether other faunal assemblages from contemporaneous sites in the area the Tangzigou pattern was a local phenomenon confined to a li- illustrate how subsistence strategies have changed overtime. Win- mited time period or a general trend in broader Yunnan Province Cave is located on the Lower Snake River in Washington State during the Early Holocene remains a subject for further testing. and was excavated in the late 1950s to the early 1960s; it repre- S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, sents one of the oldest sites in the area. Faunal remains were poorly Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral preserved in lower levels, limiting NISP primarily to upper strata. In answering the question of resource intensification, I will also JIN Jennie address issues with site preservation, taphonomy, and excavation Pennsylvania State University, 409 Carpenter Bldg, 16802, University Park, USA, pearl0918@ biases at Windust Cave. hotmail.com S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral Documenting natural wear on antlers: a first step in iden- JÉQUIER Camille, PERESANI Marco & tifying use-wear on purported antler tools ROMANDINI Matteo Natural behavior of the deer can leave various modifications on the Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Sezione di Paleobiologia, antlers. Deer often rub their antlers against tree bark and bushes Preistoria e Antropologia, Corso Ercole I d’Este 32, 44100 Ferrara (I). camille.jequier@student. and use them intensively during the male-male competition. All of unife.it ; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] these behaviors can leave marks on the antlers. Distinguishing the- se naturally-made marks from the human-made marks is crucial in Les retouchoirs en matière dure animale du Moustérien accurately identifying antler tools from archaeological site. In this récent et de l’Uluzzien de la Grotte de Fumane: caractéris- paper, we examined 347 white-tailed deer antlers to document the tiques, critères d’utilisation, abandon types and frequencies of the natural modifications. Scratches, po- lish, deformation, and fractures on the tip are the most frequently Ce travail porte sur l’étude des retouchoirs en matière dure animale, found modifications. Unless the modifications on the antlers from de l’Uluzzien au Moustérien (A3-A6), de la Grotte de Fumane (VR, archaeological sites can be distinguished from these natural mo- Italie du Nord). L’analyse des quelque 200 pièces s’articule autour difications, the nature of the purported antler tools remains ques- de la compréhension de l’acquisition des supports, sur leurs mo- tionable. dalités d’utilisation et sur les critères d’abandon au sein de chaque S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 157 JOHANSEN Trine B. some stratified sites containing paleontological and archaeological remains do exist. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, One Shield Avenue Davis, CA 95616, USA, [email protected] The Wasden site, located on the southeastern Snake River Plain, is one such site; a rich history of excavation has produced a rich mi- Foraging efficiency and small game: the importance of crofaunal record (produced largely by owls) as well as a fascinating little auk (Alle alle) in the Inughuit diet zooarchaeological sequence. The ratio of pocket gopher (Thomo- mys talpoides) to pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis) in the pa- The archaeological site at Iita in Northwest Greenland offers a uni- leontological deposits from Wasden suggests that indeed, glacial que opportunity to investigate the importance of small game in environments persisted in the immediate environment longer than Inughuit (formally Polar Eskimo) diet. The presence of large colo- in adjacent regions. In this poster, I use these data to investigate nies of little auks (Alle alle) at Iita has played a key role in attracting the ways in which shifting environmental conditions at the Pleisto- people to this area for the past thousand years. An estimated 15 cene-Holocene transition may have affected human hunting deci- million pairs of little auk breed along the northwest coast of Green- sions at the Wasden site. land during the summer months, offering the Inughuit access to S3-1, Climate Change, Cultural Response and Archaeozoology, poster reliable meat for winter storage as well as bird skins for clothing. Of the 30,000+ faunal remains recovered from the 2006 excavation Jones Gillian G.1 & Sadler Peta2 of two Inughuit houses at Iita (AD 1400-1920), the majority were 1, 3 Church Farm Garth, Shadwell, LS17 8HD, Leeds, UK, [email protected] little auk bones (18,500), which suggest a reliance on these small 2, 6 Fairacres, Prestwood, Bucks, HP16 0LD, UK birds. Ethnographic accounts indicate that little auks were captu- red en masse using nets attached to poles. The presence of small Age at death in cattle: methods, older cattle and known- animals in the diet is generally interpreted as reduced foraging ef- age reference material ficiency, but this interpretation changes when the biomass of prey caught simultaneously is considered as the comparative unit and Three sources have contributed information on methods of re- not the individual animal. The total body weight of auks captured cording and summarising samples of cattle mandibles in order in a single net along with the low processing time for consumption to estimate age at death. The collections of known age at death should be considered when investigating foraging efficiency at Iita. cattle at the Julius Kühn Museum, Halle, Germany, and two smaller In addition, auk droppings contribute important nutrients to the collections were studied. A unique archaeological sample of cattle local soils, facilitating the growth of plant material that attracts her- mandibles from Ferry Fryston, Yorkshire, UK, provided a research bivores such as caribou and hares, creating a viable ecosystem for resource. And a detailed study of published data where it is certain human subsistence. that primary observations were made added further reference data. S2-7. Circumpolar archaeozoology: Arctic hunter-gatherers in context, oral For older cattle, the position of the cement/enamel junction (CEJ) and the root arch are useful additional characters. Some amend- 1 2 JONES Emily Lena & HURLEY David A. ments to Grant’s Tooth Wear Stages are suggested. Detailed man- 1, Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology, Utah State dible wear stages are described which use the eruption events plus University, Logan, UT 84322-0730, U.S.A., [email protected] the wear of the most recently-erupted tooth, with use of the CEJ 2, Albuquerque/Bernalillo County Library System, 6900 Gonzalez Rd and root arch position in older cattle. The results from the known- SW, Albuquerque, NM 87121, U.S.A. [email protected] age cattle from Halle, English Heritage and the National Museum Cardiff, and from primary data in published sources, are presented Relational databases and zooarchaeology education using standard summary methods and the more detailed stages. S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster The efficient management of data is a critical component ofac- curate zooarchaeological analysis, and the ability to manage da- JONES Jennifer1 & BEST Julia2 tabases and normalize data have long been considered essential skills for zooarchaeologists. As relational databases have become 1, Cardiff University , School of History and Archaeology, Humanities Building, Column Drive, Cardiff, United Kingdom, CF10 3XQ, [email protected] increasingly widespread, the ability to think about data relationally 2, Cardiff University, School of History and Archaeology, Humanities Building, Colum Drive, and create data structures to take advantage of these databases. Cardiff, United Kingdom, CF10 3EU, [email protected] Despite the importance of these skills, however, database creation and management is seldom taught in zooarchaeology courses. In Marine matters: Challenging current views on subsisten- this paper, we discuss ways of integrating data management and ce in the North Atlantic Islands relational thinking into our already crowded zooarchaeology syl- labi. Coastal environments provide a diverse and bountiful resource S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: base. The exploitation of marine resources on the North Atlantic new approaches to communication and collaboration, oral Islands was widespread during the Mesolithic and is evident from both the faunal remains and isotopic analysis of insular human re- JONES Emily Lena mains. During the Neolithic, isotopic evidence suggests an almost Department of Sociology, Social Work, and Anthropology, Utah State University, Logan, UT complete shift in diet to terrestrial resources but the faunal eviden- 84322-0730, USA, [email protected] ce contradicts this, showing the continued exploitation of marine animals and resources, even after the introduction of domesticates Glacial environments in a post-glacial world? Human to the islands. This paper explores and attempts to integrate these hunting decisions at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary two contradictory lines of evidence and considers the contribution at the Wasden site, southeastern Idaho of translocated terrestrial and marine live and dead stock to the in- sular diet. Southeastern Idaho, and particularly the Snake River Plain, has a Initial zooarchaeological results show that fish, shell, and sea bird remarkable paleontological faunal record of the final Pleistocene remains are common in the Neolithic, indicating potential use of and early Holocene. This record suggests an unusual Pleistocene- marine resources as part of a diverse resource strategy, possibly Holocene transition environment; southeastern Idaho appears to being used seasonally, in times of need or as livestock fodder. This have contained islands of relatively persistent glacial environments paper presents a review integrating zooarchaeological, isotopic into the early Holocene. Despite this paleontological record and and residue analyses from a range of North Atlantic Island sites the rich record of Paleoamerican sites in this area, however, a larger to evaluate the changing relationship between marine resources picture of Paleoamerican hunting patterns has yet to be developed. and domestic species. The acquisition of non-local wild terrestrial This is partly due to the archaeological data available; however, and aerial species and their translocation among islands and to the

158 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 mainland will also be explored to challenge the view that with the JOUSSE Hélène introduction of domesticates in the Neolithic there is a marked shift UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, away from using marine species. pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, oral African mammals over the last 18 000 years: sharing data Jones Jennifer of their distribution, identification and biometry Cardiff University, School of History and Archaeology, Humanities Building, Column Drive, Cardiff (Wales), CF10 3XQ, UK. [email protected] More than 850 archaeological sites providing about 12000 ver- tebrates occurrences throughout Africa from the LGM (18 ka) are Using Gazelle Dental Cementum studies to explore Seaso- compiled into a databank. A chronological distribution atlas is nality and mobility patterns of the Early-Middle Epipa- available for all mammalian species recorded in the litterature, wild laeolithic Azraq Basin, Jordan and domestic. Those data facilitate the interpretation of many ar- chaeozoological issues, including the pastoral phenomenon. Mo- There is a lot of interest in Early-Middle Epipalaeolithic mobility pat- reover, palaeoecological issues are investigated: the adaptation ca- terns in the Near East to try and understand the build up towards pacity of fauna facing the drastic climatic changes of the post-LGM permanent settlement in the Natufian. Current theories relating period is analysed through their potential past distribution (using to the Early-Middle Epipalaeolithic ‘mega sites’ of Kharaneh IV and Ecological Niche Modelling method, coupling their modern ecolo- Wadi Jilat 6 suggest that these sites may have been occupied for gical requirements with palaeoclimatic models). The evolution of prolonged periods of time. Seasonality can be used to understand the Ungulates size with the Holocene climate change is studied using a new robust statistical sample: the biometrical data pu- more about mobility patterns and territoriality at these sites. A sam- blished in the litterature for past fauna (8000 data), and a databank ple of gazelle teeth from Kharaneh IV and Wadi Jilat 6 were studied of modern Ungulates skeleton size gathered from 10 collections in using cementum analysis to determine the season of death of the European Institutions (1150 skeletons, 53 species). The aim of the animals providing an insight into when these sites were occupied. presentation is to propose to share those data within the archaeo- The results demonstrated that both of the sites were occupied in zoologist community, with each participants of a working group the spring/summer and autumn/winter seasons, suggesting multi- providing their own new data to increase the databank. Data will ple seasons of occupations at the sites. This provides evidence for be published into a biometrical guide of species identification, with prolonged periods of occupation during this period. Some of the skeletal dimension provided for at least 10 individuals for each Bo- limitations of the technique, and improvements arising from this vid species. Morphological guides will also be provided, especially pilot study have been addressed in addition to considering other for horncores and dental morphologies of Bovids. ways of accessing seasonality information in the region. Alternative S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, oral lines of evidence to further knowledge of the relationship between the Azraq Basin sites are identified such as looking at site function, JULIEN Marie-Anne material culture and contextual information. Cementum analysis Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Dpt Préhistoire, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France, can be successful in the region, but there is a need for more holistic [email protected] studies in the future. S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early Biogeochemistry as a tool for paleobiogeographical re- Holocene, poster search 1 2 JONES Sharyn & QUINN Rhonda Given the impact the mobility and distribution of prey has on hu- 1, Department of Anthropology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Heritage Hall 315, 1530 man hunting strategies and subsistence economies, biogeographi- 3rd Ave. S., Birmingham, AL 35294-3350, USA, [email protected] cal research is obviously of importance to archaeology. The bio- 2, Department of Anthropology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL geography of prehistoric taxa is traditionally reconstructed using 60660, USA, [email protected] a combination of zooarchaeological tools and paleoethological re- Kana Vanua or eating the land construction. Here, we use stable isotope analysis (carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope ratios from tooth enamel) as an adjunct to We explore the role of domestic animals in subsistence and socio- traditional biogeographical approaches. political systems in Fiji’s Lau Island Group. The use of translocated The advantages of using a combined approach will be demonstra- terrestrial domestic species relative to native reef and pelagic ma- ted by use of a case study: the site of Amvrosievka (Ukraine), an Up- rine resources in Lau is viewed through zooarchaeology and geo- per Palaeolithic bison kill and camp site. We present a reconstruc- chemistry. We combine faunal analysis with stable isotopic data tion of the spatial behaviour of steppe bison using stable isotope analyses as an adjunct to zooarchaeological analyses and demons- to examine subsistence and dietary change. To capture ecological trate how this approach enriches the archaeological interpretation variability and change through time, we use assemblages from a of the site. range of archaeological contexts on three study islands spanning S1-4, New developments in biogeography, oral three millennia. Attention is given to domestic animals and chan- ges in use, relating to Lauan social status and ecological impact. Our 1,2 2 findings suggest that Lauans relied on nearshore reef resources ra- JULIEN Marie-Anne , BURKE Ariane , ther than pelagic fishes. Terrestrial domestic species may have been PATOU-MATHIS Marylène1 & KROTOVA a substantial portion of the diet at specific times, possibly serving Alexandra3 as staples and fallback foods as native resources were depleted. Our 1, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Dpt Préhistoire, 1 rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, isotopic results differ from previous studies of Fijian diet illustrating FRANCE. [email protected] diet breadth and variability potentially due to resource abundance, 2, Université de Montréal, Dpt d’Anthropologie C.P. 6128, succ. centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, CANADA. [email protected] subsistence technologies, and social status. This case study reveals 3, National Ukrainian Academy of Science, Institute of Archaeology, 12, Geroiv Stalingrada ave. that the combination of fauna and isotopes from the same sites 04210 Kyiv – 210, UKRAINE provides an opportunity to critically examine explanations derived from each line of evidence, and ultimately to amalgamate this in- Bison hunting in Eastern Europe during the Upper Pa- formation to form robust interpretations. Our approach and overall laeolithic: The sites of Amvrosievka (Ukraine) results raise cautionary points regarding the interpretation of each line of evidence independently. Bison are one of the most abundant and widely distributed large S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, oral mammals during the Late Pleistocene. This large game is omnipre-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 159 sent and well represented in Palaeolithic faunal assemblages from KANSA Sarah Whitcher the southern steppes of Eastern Europe, where Palaeolithic econo- The Alexandria Archive Institute, 125 El Verano Way, San Francisco, California, 94127, U.S.A., mies are considered to “specialise” in bison hunting. [email protected] Located in south-eastern Ukraine, Amvrosievka is a complex of Epi- gravettian sites particularly rich in bison remains; thus, it provides Beyond BoneCommons: recent developments in zooar- a good context for verifying the applicability of this controversial chaeological data sharing and publication notion (economic specialisation) to the northern Black Sea econo- mies. Different interpretations have been proposed concerning the BoneCommons was launched at the last ICAZ meeting, in Mexico seasonality and modality of acquisition of bison at the site. In this City in 2006 as a place on the web for zooarchaeologists worldwide paper we will present the results of a paleoethological and paleth- to communicate and share their work. In 2010, the site was “remo- nographical study based on biogeochemical and zooarchaeologi- deled” in order to extend its functionality. We have especially prio- cal analysis, which enables us to examine acquisition strategies and ritized improving discoverability and reuse of the system’s content subsistence economies of Epigravettians from the southern step- through the use of a “feeds-based” architecture; citation of content pes on the basis of this important site. through permanent URLs; and archiving of content with appropria- S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral te metadata to ensure longevity. This paper demonstrates the new BoneCommons system, and describes the tools it offers to facilitate communication and collaboration among the zooarchaeological KANNE Katherine community, as well as to improve discovery, reach and reuse of re- Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Ave., 60208, Evanston, USA. k-kanne@northwestern. levant content—publications, images and collections. We demons- edu trate the positive outcomes of linking open data (allowing items from different collections to be related). Examples include Open Pivotal ponies: early equestrianism and the rise of com- Context, an open access data publication and archiving system, plex societies in bronze age hungary which feeds into BoneCommons, thereby increasing the reach and longevity of data. We also review other current content sharing ini- This paper examines how horses functioned in political economies tiatives and discuss ways that these systems can work together to and social relations of past human societies and explores how they best meet the diverse needs of the international zooarchaeological were used as key socio-political resources in the emergence of nas- community. cent political institutions. A major shift in horse use occurred with S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: the development of the tell cultures Middle Bronze Age Hungary new approaches to communication and collaboration, oral (1800-1400 BC). Previous work suggests people generally stopped eating horses as they increased in both size and number at Middle Bronze Age hillforts. How people employed horses in attempts to KASPAROV Alexey affect political, economic, and social change are explored through Senior researcher, Institute for the History of Material Culture, Drezdenskaia ul., 10 – 1 – 3, 194017 , IHMC RAS Dvortsovaia nab. N 18, , 191186, St.-Petersburg, RUSSIA.. alexkas@yahoo. the results of a novel integrative research methodology that com- com bines zooarchaeological and chemical isotope analyses of horse bones and teeth from tell settlements throughout Hungary, an os- The new data on burial of dogs in antique settlements of teological study of human remains that establishes if people were East Crimea (Ukraine) riding horses and who may have ridden them, and reconstructions of landscapes in the context of horse production. More than just Tombs of dogs are found enough frequently on settlements of the describing the functional or symbolic roles of horses in past socie- North Black Sea coastal region. It is supposed, that buried dogs car- ties, this paper stresses how people actively manipulated horses in ried out a connection between our world and the beyond. It’s most attempts to create and consolidate power. possible dog was killed specially for such sacrificial burial. S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: Sampling of skulls of dogs of hellinistic time, from the layers dated bringing methodology to bear on social questions, oral by IV - II centuries BC has been used for this research. Twenty skulls have been received from the urban site Nimphayon, and six skulls KANSA Sarah Whitcher of dogs came from the monument Mirmekion (the area of the mo- The Alexandria Archive Institute, 125 El Verano Way, 94127, San Francisco, USA, skansa@ dern Kerch city). alexandriaarchive.org As it has been ascertained earlier, there were two types of dogs at settlements of East Crimea. One of them – is the mediterranean Diet and economy at Petra: faunal analysis from the great type, described, for example, by P Wapnish. and B.Hesse (1993). temple excavations These dogs have been brought at region by the greek colonists. Probably they were rare and were appreciated by their owners. This paper presents analytical results on the fauna recovered since Other morphologic type, more numerous – is northern, husky-like 1995 at the Great Temple at Petra (Brown University excavations). type. Extensive samples recovered from Nabataean, Roman and, in Comparison of samples by condylobasal length and by index of the particular, Byzantine contexts contribute to our understanding of attitude of zygomatic breadth to condylobasal length was carried. diet and economy in the Petra region. Significant events marking The majority of the investigated dogs belong to husky group. Only changes both in population size and demographics are mirrored by three skulls have the southern. temporal changes in the animal economy over hundreds of years at S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster the site. Sheep, goats and fowl contributed the bulk of the meat to the diet in all periods. Beef was not common and pigs and chickens only appeared after the Nabataean period. We present evidence for KAWAMI Trudy S. meat procurement through a market system, as well as local pro- 1 Arthur M. Sackler Foundation, 461 East 57Th Street, New York 10022, United States. tkawami@ duction of meat and secondary products. The diversity and diffe- arthurmsacklerfdn.org rential exploitation of domestic and wild fauna over time indicates a shifting population with different dietary traditions. New insights Till the cows come home: The décor of the Ninhursanga into religious practices of the Nabataeans related to animal offe- temple at Tell el-Obeid, Mesopotamia rings are also described, in light of probable cultic offerings iden- tified in the assemblage, as well evidence for the deliberate exclu- The temple dedicated to Ninhursanga at Tell el-Obeid provides the sion of certain taxa from the Temple area. most extensive evidence for temple décor in Early Dynastic Meso- S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: potamia (mid-third millennium BCE). The relief sculptures and in- archaeozoological evidence, oral laid friezes of copper, stone and shell found at the base of the ter-

160 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 race façade have been widely reproduced in the 90 years since they KINDLER Lutz were excavated. The style of this art parallels other, secular works Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum / Univ. Mainz, Schloss Monrepos, D-56567 Neuwied, of the same time, but the subject matter, cattle and dairy activities, GERMANY. [email protected] is rarely attested elsewhere in the Early Dynastic period. The motifs are, instead, characteristic of the preceding Late Uruk/Jemdet Nasr Late Pleistocene Neanderthal land use, territoriality and period, as are the floral-topped ceramic ornaments associated with interspecific competition in central Europe: a view into the friezes. This apparent disjunction between style and subject the Balve cave (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) matter will be examined with an eye to reassessing the restored decorative scheme, and may shed some light on the date and func- Late Pleistocene Neanderthals were efficient and specialised tion of the temple and role of cattle in religious imagery. hunters on the peak of the trophic . Neanderthal hun- S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairy practices, poster ting behaviours and strategies require high degrees of mobility in Pleistocene landscapes and implicate territorial and nutritional KENNERTY Michael competition with sympatric carnivores. However settlement sys- University of Connecticut, 354 Mansfield Road – Unit 2176, Storrs, CT 06269, michael.kennerty@ tems, their variations and limitations are not well understood, since uconn.edu it is impossible to connect archaeological sites of different function Epipaleolithic Subsistence Strategies in Wadi al-Hasa, in a broader context. Thus patterns of subsistence strategies seen in archaeofaunas scattered in Europe only reflect the niche geogra- Jordan phy of Neanderthals and not behaviour related to past landscapes. Wadi al-Hasa is an east-west drainage located in Central-West Jor- The faunal material from the Balve Cave highlights special aspects dan. This paper presents the analysis of faunal materials from three of Neanderthal land use, territoriality and competition during the Epipaleolithic sites in Wadi al-Hasa: Tor Sageer (WHNBS 242), Tor at- early Weichselian. Tareeq (WHS 1065), and Yutil al-Hasa (WHS 784). Lithic types and The fauna is dominated by cave bears, indicating an intensive use radiocarbon results date the sites to the Last Glacial Maximum and as a hibernation den. Active exclusion of this competitor demons- the subsequent period of climate amelioration. trates Neanderthals exclusive claims upon the Balve Cave and oc- Wadi al-Hasa was once Pleistocene Lake Hasa (surface area of 48 cupations in frequent intervals. In the diverse species composition km2) and a 60 km drainage system that emptied into Lake Lisan. of the herbivore assemblage we witness opportunistic hunting in During the Early Epipaleolithic, the lake was receding, increasing the vicinity of the cave and the value of bones as raw material. in salinity, and encroached upon by ponds and marshes. Rising For a long time interval the Balve Cave was an important and ex- temperatures and rainfall during the Middle Epipaleolithic produ- clusive locality to exploit the landscapes in the vicinity of the Cave, ced an increasingly hospitable environment as the lake expanded which Neanderthals aggressively defended against competitors. and the water became more potable. The Late Epipaleolithic was a This behaviour can be interpreted as territoriality and suggests continued time of favorable climate, but a fault shift resulted in the seasonal variations in land use. disappearance of Lake Hasa and the gradual drying of the drainage. S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral Faunal remains from the sites provide a basis for analysis of the hu- man responses to these environmental changes and the placement 1 of Wadi al-Hasa into region-wide trends during this important pe- Kindler Lutz , Gaudzinski- riod preceding the initial domestication of animals. Windheuser Sabine1, Roebroeks S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral Wil2, Bakels Corrie2, Mucher Herman3, Kerneur Sophie & Béarez Philippe Brühl Enrico1, De Loecker Dimitri2, Hesse Norbert1, Jagich Adam2, Results of fish exploitation by the Neolithic fishermen Kamermans Hans2, Klinkenberg from Ra’s al-Khabbah (KHBb-1) Victor2, Kuijpers Wim2, Laurat Thomas1 & 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : 2 sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected]; Sier Mark [email protected] 1, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum / Univ. Mainz, Schloss Monrepos, D-56567, Neuwied, GERMANY. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], anno. The site of Ra’s al-Khabbah (KHB-1) is located in the south-eastern [email protected] 2, Leiden University, Faculty of Archaeology, P.O. Box 9515, 2300RA Leiden, THE NETHERLANDS part of the Sultanate of Oman and lies on a high cliff overhanging [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], the Arabian Sea, about 1,5 km north of the village of Khabbah. Wi- [email protected] thin the framework of a French-Italian programme (Joint Hadd Pro- 3, ret.: Laboratory of Physical Geography and Soil Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1093 BS Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [email protected] ject), the Italian archaeological mission excavated on this site a mul- ti-stratified deposit which has been dated between the end of the Defining spatial and temporal resolution at the Middle fifth millennium BC and the beginning of the fourth millennium BC. Palaeolithic site of Neumark-Nord 2 (Saxony-Anhalt, Ger- Five phases of occupation associated with dwelling structures have many): preliminary results and perspectives for future been identified. The great number of fish bones and fishing tools suggests that subsistence was based mostly on fish, although ma- research rine and terrestrial mammal, turtle and shell remains have also been Defining temporal and spatial resolution are ultimate challenges recovered. The Optimum Climatic Holocene (around between 8000 in the analyses of Early and Middle Palaeolithic sites. Temporal and and 4000 BC) probably allowed the ancient human communities to spatial resolution at archaeological sites strongly affects our per- exploit different kinds of ecological habitats, such as the now-dry ception of the archaeological record as a of past hominin lagoon of Ra’s al-Khabbah and the mangrove, as well as the Arabian behaviour. Analyses of site formation processes and/or taphonomi- Sea. Given the fact that the fourth millennium BC is considered as a cal histories aim to implement a chronological and biostratinomic period of climatic and cultural transition, it seemed to us interesting frame for analyses here. However in this context frames of referen- to analyze the fishing strategies before the impacts of a new stage ce often suffer from methodological uncertainties. In-depth inves- of aridity and the cultural changes of the Bronze Age. This commu- tigations of “high resolution archives” bear the potential to resolve nication focuses on the results of specific determinations and size- these methodological limits in order to reveal defined aspects of estimations of fish caught by the Neolithic communities during the past hominin behaviour. successive occupation phases of Ra’s al-Khabbah. Eemian biotopes uncovered in the coal mining district of Sachsen- S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster Anhalt (Germany) have the potential for high resolution analysis. In

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 161 this paper we concentrate on the geoarchaeological context of the Anatoly8, Rathgeber Thomas9, faunal assemblage from the recently excavated site Neumark-Nord 10 2. Continuous sedimentation within the 1.8ha large pond allows Kuznetsova Tatiana , Laluez-Fox accurate estimates of sedimentation rates and the analysis of the Carles11, DalÉn Love12, WRINN Patrick13, relative depositional chronology of the faunal accumulation. More GERMONPRÉ Mietje14, ROSENDAHL than 120,000 animal remains located in an area 500m2 were buried 15 16 in different sedimentary milieus which enable the analysis of the Wilfried , WILLERSLEV Eske , LISTER biostratinomic sequences within defined spatial boundaries to Adrian17, Joger Ulrich18 & Hofreiter disentangle hominin activities within the Eemian biotope of Neu- 1,19 mark-Nord 2. Michael S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster 1, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany 2, Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, Department of Anatomy and Klokler Daniela Structural Biology, University of Otago, 270 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand, [email protected] Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, 20940-040, rio de janeiro, BRAZIL, dklokler@ 3, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, email.arizona.edu [email protected] 4, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Ecology Centre, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany, [email protected] Wild v. domesticates: analysis of faunal deposits in histo- 5, Institute of “Emil Racovita” Str. Frumoasa, nr. 31, sect. 1, 010987 Bucharest, rical sites in Guanabara Bay area, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Romania. 6, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 Archaeological studies of prehistoric subsistence have been a fo- 0EX, United Kingdom, [email protected] 7, Mammuthus Club International, Gudumholm 41, 2133 HG Hoofddorp, Netherlands. cus of Brazilian researchers for decades, but comprehensive faunal 8, Paleolithic Department, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Russian Academy of analyses of historical sites are still rare. Fortunately, the scenario is Sciences, Siberian Branch, Lavrentieva Avenue, 17 , RU-630090, Russia 9, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein, Gewann 1, 70191 Stuttgart, rapidly changing with new interest in faunal studies of sites from Germany the Colonial period. Along with the realization of the importance 10, Palaeontological Department, Geological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia, [email protected] of zooarchaeological research, renewed attention to field and lab 11, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Dr. AIguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain, carles. strategies is needed. Current analyses of materials from the Gua- [email protected] 12, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Molecular Systematics Laboratory, P.O.Box 50007, S-104 nabara Bay area can help direct field methods and elucidate ques- 05 Stockholm, Sweden, [email protected] tions about the diet and general use of animals by African and 13, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, USA, European populations in Brazil. This paper focuses on research at 14, Department of Palaeontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium two sites: Macacu II and IV, investigated as part of the COMPERJ 15, Department „World Cultures and Environment“, Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, C 5, Zeughaus, Archaeological Project. Both sites contain rich deposits of animal 68159 Mannheim, Germany, [email protected] 16, Centre for GeoGenetics, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark, ewillerslev@bio. bones, with the assemblage from Macacu IV hinting at special areas ku.dk for deposition of wild animal remains. Preliminary results indicate 17, Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK, [email protected] distinct intra- and inter-site food preparation and discard strategies 18, Staatliches Naturhistorisches Museum Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany, Ulrich. and explore the hypothesis that the strategies could be related to [email protected] different occupations by African and European groups. 19, Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5YW, York, UK, [email protected] S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral A mammoth story - population mitogenomics of Eura- sian woolly mammoths KLOKLER Daniela Mammoth are no doubt the most iconic of all Pleistocene spe- Postdoctoral fellow, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040. [email protected] cies. They are met with great interest not only by the lay audience but also by scientists as testified by the fact that mammoths were Funerary feasting in a Brazilian shell mound among the first Pleistocene species from which DNA was sequen- Shell mound sites, known as sambaquis in Brazil have long been ced and the first for which the complete mitochondrial genome, considered the result of random accumulation of food refuse. Such a complete nuclear gene and large parts of the nuclear interpretation, has been deconstructed by recent archaeological were sequenced. There have also been a number of population research. The analysis of site formation processes and faunal ma- genetics studies addressing the population history of mammoths terials demonstrate that these shell sites were intentionally built from parts of their former geographical range. However, all these by prehistoric coastal populations since approximately 6000 BP. studies investigated almost exclusively mammoth specimens from While many were habitation, processing, and inhumation areas, the permafrost regions of northern Siberia and Alaska, due to the others served only as funerary sites. Jabuticabeira II is an example superior preservation of ancient DNA compared to temperate re- of the latter, and its study sheds light on many aspects of the ritual gions. Here we present analyses of complete mitochondrial geno- life of the population that inhabited the southern coast of Brazil. me sequences from mammoths from most of their former habitat in Eurasia. The results help reconstructing demographic changes Their ritual lives involved the interment of groups of individuals in throughout the Pleistocene and contribute to evaluating different one discreet area, deposition of grave offerings that included lithic hypothesis explaining the extinction of the woolly mammoth. and bone artifacts, ornaments, and food, and the performance of S4-2, Mammoth extinction: environmental vs anthropogenic factors, oral funerary feasts. Zooarchaeological analysis of feast remains from 12 different funerary areas demonstrates the continuity in mortuary 1 rituals (during an occupation of approximately 1000 years), the KNITLOVA Markéta , KREJCOVA Debora & strong connection between groups and aquatic resources and the HORACEK Ivan2 estuarine ecosystem, and the cooperative nature of these events. 1, Dept.Zoology, Charles Univ. Prague, Check Republic,[email protected] S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster 2, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ 128 44 Praha, Czech Republic, [email protected] 1,2 1 Knapp Michael , Meyer Matthias , Late Pleistocene - Holocene biogeography Apodemus 1 1 Lippold Sebastian , KIRCHER Martin , (Sylvaemus) spp. and Myodes glareolus (Mammalia, Ro- Shapiro Beth3, Czechowski Paul1, dentia) in Central Europe 4 5 Sommer Robert , Hillebrand Alexandra , Apodemus spp. and Myodes glareolus are often considered index BARNES Ian6, MOL Dick7, DEREVIANKO species of intergacial communities. We analyzed history of their

162 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 Late Pleistocene and Holocene distribution in central Europe (meat, hide, fleece, milk, work...) for each species considered. Their (based on a rich material coming from continous sedimentary se- analysis suggests a management of cattle and sheep (and goats to ries covering that period). a lesser extent) herds that mixed primary and secondary products For Myodes glareolus (found in 300 community samples, 1579 M/1 exploitation. The majority of cattle stock was slaughtered before 2 and M/3 analyzed with aid of 20 metric and 20 non-metric charac- years. We can not exclude exploitation of cattle for milk and poten- ters) we proved convincingly continuous survival in glacial refugia tially for force. The culling profiles in small stock indicate a herd in Carpathians (15 community samples including LGM). Significant management for meat of type A (Helmer and Vigne, 2007 terminol- shift in phenotype pattern during Atlantic may suggest invasion ogy), sporadically for meat of type B, for milk, and rarely for hair. of alien populations accompanying the Late Boreal expansion of The archaeozoological examination came to the conclusion that beech into Central Europe. the breeding of small ruminants was more important in the Late In contrast, Apodemus spp. (n=1830 from 65 Holocene samples, Neolithic period. All of the pig culling profiles showed a hight (47- scored for 57 metric, 24 non-metric characters) invariantly ab- 90 %) mortality between the ages of 12-24 months and very few sents in the glacial communities. Contrary to common opinion not individuals survived to adulthood. The research focused on 29 of A.sylvaticus but A.flavicollis was found to be the species colonizing the Neolithic sites from the Czech Republic was also supplemented the region of Central Europe first (late Vistualian in Pannonia, pre- with a stable isotope analysis. A pilot isotope study was conducted boreal in Bohemian Massif) and predominated there throughout on the Neolithic settlement of Chotěbudice () until late Boreal. A.uralensis occured regularly in the early Holocene in order to determine the ecology of domestic animals present at even much beyond limits of its today distribution in the region. this site. The carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotope analysis A.sylvaticus appeared first during Boreal in Bohemian Massif and of cattle tooth enamel suggested pasture in open areas, and a sea- with a clear delay in the Carpathians. Considerable differences in sonally restricted birth period. dental phenotype between the Early Holocene and Late Holocene S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral samples of A.flavicollis suggest possible effects of character displa- cement. KOVÁCS Zsófia Eszter S1-4, New developments in biogeography, poster Field Service for Cultural Heritage, Budapest, Hungary

1 2 KONUSPAYEVA Gaukhar & FAYE Bernard An invasive small mammal from archaeological sites in 1, CIRAD-ES , Campus international de Baillarguet TA C/dir B 34398 Montpellier Cedex France, Hungary – the expansion of black rat (Rattus rattus L.) in [email protected] 2, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 av. Al Farabi, 050073 Almaty, Europe [email protected] The black rat (Rattus rattus L.) is a cosmopolitan rodent, spread al- Hybridation pathes in the the camelids most all over the world. The origin of this rodent could be placed to the South East of Asia and it’s occurrence in Europe is a result of Although being two different species, the dromedary (Camelus westward expansion. The black rat conquered the Mediterranean dromedarius) and the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) are and other parts of Europe during prehistoric times as a commen- inter fertile, and the hybridising is widely used in the countries sal species associated with trade. To date, the earliest black rat re- where the two species are cohabiting (notably in Kazakhstan). The mains in Europe are dated to the late Bronze Age-early Iron Age aim of hybridising is to associate in one animal the robustness, the (ca. 1100–800 AD) from Switzerland and . From the Roman conformation (meat production) and the wool productivity of the period there are more data – especially from Britain. Bactrian to the milk productivity of the dromedary. It exists diffe- In this paper the occurrence of this species will be demonstrated rent hybridising ways according the number of the hump of the ge- from sites in Hungary (from the Mesolithic to Medieval times). So nitor. Globally, in Kazakhstan, two schemes are distinguished: the far the appearance of black rat was detected from Roman (2nd–3rd Kurt-nar way (dromedary female x Bactrian male) and the Kez-nar century AD) and Medieval (14th century AD) samples. It means that (Bactrian female x dromedary male). In Latin America, hybridising there is about 1000 years delay in the expansion of this rodent from is sometimes used between lama and alpaca (wakisso) or between the south. Nevertheless there is another gap between the Roman alpaca and vicuna (Pacovicugna). Recent trials were carried out also and Medieval period in Hungary. What could be the reasons for to hybridise lama and dromedary (cama). These hybrizings are not these time gaps? Ecological, biological as well as sampling-meth- without consequences on the behaviour and physiology of the ani- odological effects will be suggested in an attempt to answer this mals. question. S1-3, Old World Camelids, oral S1-2. Animals, plants and new worlds: from exotic trading to biological invasions, a bioarchaeological approach, oral 1 2 KOVAČIKOVÁ Lenka , BALASSE Marie & 1 2 Krause-Kyora Ben , Renneberg TRESSET Anne 1 1 1, Laboratory of Archaeobotany and Palaeoecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rebecca , Röpke Melanie , von Wurmb- South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 Česke Budějovice, CZECH REPUBLIC, lena7853@yahoo. Schwark Nicole1, Nebel Almut2 & von com 2, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : Carnap-Bornheim Claus3 sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected]; [email protected] 1, University of Kiel, Graduate school Human Development in Landscapes, Institute of Legal medicine, Arnold-Heller-Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany, [email protected] 2, University of Kiel, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, The sustenance and farming facilities of the Neolithic Germany settlements in Central Europe: archaeolozoology eviden- 3, Schloss Gottorf, Archaeological State Museum, Schloss Gottorf, 24837 Schleswig, Germany ce from the Czech Republic The flying pig, migration or transfer of ideas in prehistory. Molecular genetic and archaeological investigations of An archaeozoological analysis of the assemblages of animal bones Mesolithic and Neolithic pigs (Sus scrofa) and teeth of Linear and Stroked Pottery cultures settlements pro- vided new elements on the way of life of early farmers of central This study shows the reflection of population dynamics, like mobi- Europe (specifically of the Czech Republic). It showed that livestock lity and migration, in archaeological evidence from pigs. How did products were at the basis of the subsistence economy, game the domestication of the pigs take place in Northern Europe? Did hunting playing an insignificant role (the percentage of hunted domestic pigs of Near Eastern ancestry were definitely introduced animals did not exceed 10 %). Stock breeding practices can be best into Europe during the Neolithic or did local European wild boar documented by kill-off patterns, which reveal specific orientations were also domesticated by this time?

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 163 First goal of this study was the development and establishment second half of the 1950s at Bockstein in the Lone Valley of the Swa- of extraction methods suited for extraction of DNA from historical bian Jura of southwestern Germany. The site yielded several featu- samples, the selection of suitable genetic markers, and the establis- res dating to the Middle and the Upper Palaeolithic. The analysis hment of sensitive, reliable and reproducible detection methods. examines the potentials of faunal assemblages from ”old excava- PCRs were established to amplify pig-specific DNA with high sensi- tions” for such reconstructions. In the case of Bockstein, only the re- tivity down to single molecules. mains of larger mammals and birds were available for analysis. Due Different primer pairs were used to amplify highly variable regions to Wetzel’s high quality work with regard to excavation, collection of the mitochondrial DNA to determined specific mtDNA haploty- of finds, and documentation, it was possible to produce remarkably pes. Further on specific nuclear DNA markers for coat colour and detailed environmental reconstructions. In all find layers species of sex determination were established. The amplified DNA fragments steppic environments dominate; in most cases there are also in- were sequenced and the DNA sequences finally aligned and com- dications for a wooded steppe. For the Middle Palaeolithic layers, pared to those already deposited in databases. This makes it possi- even forest land could be detected. Given the good agreement of ble to distinguish different DNA haplotypes and subhaplotyps from the results from archaeozoological analyses with those from pa- the individual species. laeobotanical and sedimentological analyses, the Bockstein case The preliminary results show that around 4500-4000 BC domestic demonstrates that assemblages from older excavations provide a pigs are introduced in the archaeological sites in northern Germa- rich and easily accessible data-source which really should be regar- ny. The study points out that the oldest domestic pig in the sample ded on a broader scale. (4500 BC) has a “Near East” haplotype. All other domestic and wild S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster boars show the same “European” haplotype. S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster KRYLOVICH Olga 1 2 Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS, 33, Leninsky pr., Moscow, Russia, 119071, Moscow, KRÖGER Peer , STOPP Barbara , CALLOU RUSSIA, [email protected] Cécile3, VAN DER MEIJDEN Chris4, OBERMAIER Henriette5, PETERS Joris6 & Results of stable isotopes analysis of sea mammals re- 2 mains from Ancient Aleutian archaeological site (Adak SCHIBLER Jörg Island, Aleutian Chain) 1, Institute for Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Oettingenstr. 67, D-80538 Munich, Germany, [email protected] An ancient midden was found on the Adak Island (Aleutian Islands, 2, Institut für prähistorische und naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie (IPNA) Spalenring 145, CH- 4055 Basel, Switzerland, [email protected], [email protected] Alaska) at the precipitous coast of Clam Lagoon with numerous 3, Dpt Ecologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Bat. d‘Anatomie comparée, CP 55, Muséum national remains of invertebrates and vertebrates (archaeological site ADK- d’Histoire Naturelle, 55 rue Buffon 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] 4, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstraße 13, 171). Midden was investigated by the members of the «The Western D-80539 Munich, Germany, [email protected] Aleutian Archaeological and Paleobiological Project (WAAPP)» and 5, State Collection of Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy Munich (SAPM), Kaulbachstraße 37, rich archaeozoological material was collected. Radiocarbon dates, D-80539 Munich, Germany, [email protected] 6, Institute for Palaeoanatomy and History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians- made from fish bone collagen, show that the cultural layer was for- Univertität München, Kaulbachstraße 37, D-80539 Munich, Germany, med about 6000 years ago. These data confirm that ADK-171 is the [email protected] most ancient site with rich deposit of faunal remains on all Aleutian Islands. Midden has a good stratigraphy and included two layers OSSOBOOK – the new flavour separated by layer of redeposited volcanic ash. Carbon and nitro- gen stable isotopes from collagen of Fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus), We present the latest version of OSSOBOOK, a database tailored to Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris), Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) and Harbor the needs of archaeozoologists gathering a massive amount of data Seal (Phoca vitulina) were analyzed. Carbon isotopic composition of from faunal analyses. It implements an intermittedly synchronized Sea Otters’ bones from the upper layer differs from the lower one. database system that allows any authorized user to record data of- Possible reason is that the hunting for Sea Otters in almost closed fline at the site and later synchronizing this new data with a central lagoon resulted in the decreasing of their abundance there. After data collection. This way, different researchers may work with the that migrants from seacoast with different isotopic composition data in parallel at varying locations. We will present details on these started settling the lagoon. potentials and a discussion on how the architecture of OSSOBOOK S5-1, The biochemical study of animals remains: can even be used as a first step towards a standardized way to re- integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to archaeozoology, poster cord and analyze data through a central world-wide database. Last but not least, we present some powerful data mining and simila- KÜCHELMANN Hans Christian rity search tools integrated into the OSSOBOOK user interface that facilitate powerful data retrieval and data analysis. Both sketched Knochenarbeit, Konsul-Smidt-Straße 30, D-28217 Bremen, Germany, [email protected] aspects of OSSOBOOK are unique within the community. S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: Noble Meals instead of abstinence? A faunal assemblage new approaches to communication and collaboration, oral from the Dominican abbey of Norden, Northern Germa- ny KRÖNNECK Petra The faunal assemblage presented here was excavated at the site Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters, Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie; Rümelinstrasse 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany of the late medieval Dominican abbey of Norden, a town situated [email protected] directly at the North Sea coast of East Frisia, Lower Saxony, Ger- many. The abbey was founded in the 13th century and demolished Fauna as a mirror of climate: Middle and Upper Palaeoli- in the 16th century. The assemblage is extraordinary as it contains thic faunal remains from Bockstein (SW-Germany) – besides the usual medieval domesticates – a variety of mammal, bird and fish species otherwise rare in archaeological contexts. The While from modern excavations various data for environmental re- assemblage allows conclusions concerning social status of the in- constructions are available, coming, for instance, from analyses of habitants. Furthermore the comparison of early with late stratigra- microfaunal or mollusk remains, or from modern laboratory analy- phical layers reveals a dramatic change in the species composition ses such as isotopic measurements, this is normally not the case for pointing towards a shift in alimentary habits. Potentially these can older excavations. be connected with a historically documented shift in values in the For this, the author presents a new analysis of the faunal remains order. from Robert Wetzel’s excavations between the early 1930s and the S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral

164 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 KUDINOVA Maria KUNST Günther Karl1, RADBAUER Silvia2, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Viacheslav Molodin, Sergey Komissarov, GáL Erika3 & GALIK Alfred4 Novosibirsk, pr. Akademika Lavrentieva, 17, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia. maria-kudinova@ yandex.ru 1, Vienna Institute of Archaeological Science, University of Vienna, 14 Althanstrasse, Vienna, A-1090 Austria. [email protected] Burials of dogs in the territory of siberia and china in 2, Department of Classical Archaeology, University of Vienna, 1 Franz-Klein-Gasse, Vienna, A-1190 Austria. [email protected] the paleometallic period 3, Archaeological Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 49 Úri u., Budapest, 1014 Hungary. [email protected] The practice of burying dogs in burial and settlement comple- 4, Department of Pathobiology/Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1 Veterinärplatz, Vienna, A-1210 Austria. [email protected] xes was widespread in Eurasia. Interpretations of these burials are multifarious. Testing bone counts within an urban sequence Archaeological, epigraphical materials and written sources’ data give numerous witnesses of the existence of certain mythologi- In 2002-03 comprehensive archaeological investigations were cal views connected with dogs among the ancient population undertaken along a paved city street delimiting an urban insula of Siberia and China’s territory. It was one of the totem animals in the Roman town of Carnuntum (Lower Austria). The substructu- of Proto-Chinese and some ancient Siberian tribes. On the other res of the street, investigated for a length of 70m, revealed urban hand, the dog was the first domestic animal and an important strata covering over 200 years of local history (2nd and 3rd c AD). animal from the economic point of view. Some Asian peoples Principally, the features excavated belong to two different groups: use dog’s meat as food, that influenced the process of the crea- construction, repair and occupation layers of the street itself, tion of the image of the dog in cultures of these peoples greatly. and backfill from structures related to the sanitary and sewage Being seen as a mediator between two worlds (“the world of na- systems, integrated into the street body. Together, the features ture” and “the world of culture”) and an animal connected with yielded a sequence of both coeval and consecutive animal bone the world of ancestors (in other words, the world of the dead), assemblages, exposed to different taphonomic pathways and dogs in the territory of China were frequently buried in hu- sedimentary influences (fragment size, sorting). These remains man’s graves (the efflorescence of this custom falls at Shang-Yin with a total NISP of 13,500 were allowed to accumulate or acti- epoch); it also was one of the sacrificial animals used as an offe- vely discarded as the street was repaired and parts of the sani- ring to the spirits of the dead, the of the Earth – She and as tary system became abandoned. The fine-grained stratigraphy a building sacrifice. In Siberia dogs, for instance, were used for of the site provides an opportunity to assess the impact of the accompanying burials and sacrifices in Kulajka culture. varying conditions of deposition upon species and skeletal part Thus, the main concern of this work is to find out the basic ideas representation. Important differences could be observed both in of the dog among the ancient population of North-Eastern and the composition of the main domestic triad (cattle, ovicaprines, Eastern Asia, that were reflected in the funerary rituals. pig) and in the relative abundances of birds and fish, both often taken as indicators of the consumers’ social background. Clearly, S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral delicate fragments profit from protective context types, whereas larger bones were favoured by more spacious conditions like in KUITEMS Margot the main sewer. Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands, S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: [email protected] bringing methodology to bear on social questions, poster

Water and food stress: fatal blow for mammoths? Sta- KUNST Gunther Karl ble isotopes as indicators of water and food stress in University of Vienna, Doneus Nives, UZA II Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria. large Pleistocene herbivores [email protected]

Fossil bones of Late Pleistocene woolly mammoths show a re- Roman graves and rural rubbish markably high 15N/14N ratio in comparison with other contem- porary living herbivores. The reason why is not very obvious. The Roman cemetery of Halbturn (Burgenland, Austria) was com- Modern elephants and other extant herbivores in a controlled pletely excavated in the years 1988-2002. Associated to a small agricultural settlement, it covers an area of about 7000 m2 and feeding study do not show the difference in isotope variation was used as a burial site from the 2nd to the 5th c AD. An analysis known from the Late Pleistocene record. Elephants, rhinoce- of features and artefacts indicated a diachronic change of burial roses and horses from different zoos in The Netherlands show practices, from a dominance of cremation burials towards inhu- comparable isotope ratios. Based on the dietary uniformity of mation graves at the later phases, and a gradual expansion into the investigated animals it can be concluded that differences in some areas. The cemetery itself is integrated into an orthogonal physiological factors do not result in significant discrepancies system of field ditches, which eventually continue into the ceme- in isotope ratios. The challenge is to explain the Late Pleisto- tery and delimit grave groups. Only a small part of the 23,500 ani- cene variation. mal bones found in various contexts can be interpreted as grave Elephants have relatively very low digestion coefficients. This goods proper or ritually deposited skeletons. The vast majority of feature combined with the fact that elephants in their natural the animal remains, however, derives from field ditches, pits and habitat must deal constantly with water and food stress might structural features of the graves. These assemblages are domina- affect their isotope ratios. During periods of food shortage the- ted by remains of cattle, equids and dogs indicating little human 15 re is a negative nitrogen balance resulting in higher δ N values. manipulation. They correspond to a pattern of carcass disposal Due to the lower digestion coefficient of elephants, their nitro- frequently met at the periphery of rural settlements. The interpre- gen balance would be more negative than in other herbivores tation of the animal bones from the wider grave areas remains and, hence, the δ15N values of elephants are higher. This isotope controversial, as the pottery spectrum may be indicative of ritual pattern is also observed in modern elephants living in their na- meals, whereas the bone record does not differ from the situation tural habitat. This might explain that water and food stress are met outside the cemetery. The opportunistic disposal of carcas- responsible for the enriched δ15N values in woolly mammoths. ses in the course of earth works appears as the main driving force The relevance of these data in the debate on mammoth extinc- responsible for the accumulation of animal bones within the ce- tion will be discussed. metery area. S4-2, Mammoth extinction: environmental vs anthropogenic factors, oral S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 165 Kurzawska Aldona1, Bar-Yosef Mayer KVEIBORG Daniella2 E. & Mienis Henk K.3 Moesgård Museum, Moesgård Allé 20, DK-8270 Hojbjerg, Denmark, [email protected] 1. Institute of Prehistory, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Św. Marcin 78, 61-809 Poznań, Poland, [email protected] Caught in the fire –animal remains from catastrophic 2. Department of Zoology Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel, [email protected]. ac.il fires 3. Mollusc Collection, National Natural History Collections, Berman Building, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, IL-91904, Jerusalem, Israel, [email protected] During the last two decades Danish archaeologists have excavated a number of well preserved burned down house structures with Scaphopod shells in the Natufian Culture preserved animal remains. The material in question is the result of accidental fires and provides a snapshot of the daily life in Early Iron Scaphopod shells, which predominate shell assemblages of the Na- Age Denmark. Due to the use of earthen walls huge piles of buil- tufian culture, are considered to be one of its hallmarks. Previous ding material have sealed the houses immediately after the catas- studies of the shells determined that they were obtained from three trophic events. The number of taphonomic alterations is therefore different sources: The Mediterranean, the Red Sea and Pliocene for- minimal when compared to animal bone remains found in refuse mations. The current research was focused on a detailed analysis dumps and pits. The material provides a unique opportunity to a of scaphopod shells from assemblages of Late Pleistocene/Early greater understanding of the use of stable and byre, husbandry Holocene sites in Israel: Urkan e-Rub IIa (Kebaran), Hayonim Cave, strategies etc. in the northernmost parts of continental Europe. An Eynan, Hilazon Tachtit Cave and (Natufian), Gilgal (Fi- overview of the latest results will be given. In addition considera- nal Natufian & PPNA) and Ramat Harif (Harifian). Eleven different tions regarding differential preservation and alterations due to dif- species were identified, belonging to three families: Fustiariidae, ferential burning will be made. During the analysis it was observed Dentaliidae, and Laevidentaliide. The majority of shells originated that the effects of the fire varied considerably within the same area in the Mediterranean and were identified as Antalis vulgaris and of the byre, between different elements from the same animal, and “Antalis dentalis group”. They were probably the most easily acces- even on the same element. sible scaphopods in the Late Epi-Palaeolithic period. Red Sea shells S7-1. New perspectives in taphonomy, oral mostly belong to the “Dentalium reevei complex”. Our research indi- cates that prehistoric humans chose specific species to be used as 1 2 beads, and used them separately in burials (at the sites of Hayonim KYSELÝ René , MIKLÍKOVÁ Zora & Cave, Hilazon Tachtit Cave and Eynan). Detailed taxonomic obser- GALETOVÁ Martina3 vations along with in-depth study of the archaeological context 1. Department of the archaeology of landscape and archaeobiology, Institute of Archaeology will enhance our understanding of the role that scaphopod shells of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Letenská 4, 118 01 Prague, Czech played in prehistoric societies in the Levant. Republic, [email protected] 2. Institute of Archaeology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2, 94921 Nitra, S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster , [email protected] 3. Moravské zemské muzeum, Institut Anthropos, Zelný trh 6, 659 37 Brno, Czech Republic, KUSNO Abi1, SETIAGAMA Kasman2, [email protected] ANSYORI Mirza1, MOIGNE Anne-Marie2, Archaeozoology in the Czech Republic and Slovakia 2 2,3 SEMAH François , SEMAH Anne-Marie & Over the last 65 years, a large number of osteozoological assem- SIMANJUNTAK Harry Truman1 blages from archaeological excavations have been analyzed in 1, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi Nasional, Jakarta, , ktrenggiling@ Bohemia, Moravia (two parts of the Czech Republic) and Slovakia. gmail.com Altogether there are so far more than 300 published and more than 2, Département de Préhistoire, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France, 500 unpublished reports available. South Moravia is famous for Pa- [email protected] 3, Institut pour la Recherche et le Développement, Paris, FRANCE leolithic finds, such as large mammoth assemblages. The early me- dieval Slavic period has also been a focus of interest in the past. On Short and temporary human interventions at the end of Pleistocene the other hand, we have almost no material and thus no data from as recorded in the Tabuhan layer of the Song Terus cave of the Gu- the Mesolithic. In the Czech Republic recent studies focus on the nung Sewu’s karstic landscape in southern Java (Indonesia) Neolithic and Eneolithic (Chalcolithic) periods. The lack of synthetic The Tabuhan layers of Song Terus cave, as an intermediate deposit studies on the areas and/or periods rank us (from the archaeozoo- dating to the Upper Pleistocene period (80 to 30 ky BP), have si- logical point of view) among less known regions. Moreover, unfor- gnificance with respect to faunal composition, human subsistence tunately, the results of archaeozoological research from our region behavior, and –H. sapiens replacement. The charac- are usually out of reach to the scientific community abroad due to terization of these layers is made difficult because of stratigra- their use of local languages (Czech and Slovak). We want to fill this phic perturbation due to the presence of blocks. Many gap, at least partly. In the joint presentation we describe the state of remains have been discovered from archaeological excavations archaeozoological knowledge in the Czech Republic and Slovakia in this deposit (±2 meters thickness), such as faunal remains, fire- and we offer an overview on the prehistory and history of animal places, and a few artifacts, but only one small bone attributed to keeping in our region. In addition to that, we try to point out the Homo. The preservation of the faunal remains, mostly represented most significant results on the main archaeological cultures, pe- by Cervidae and Bovidae, is variable (from clean surface to fully riods, species and topics. The most recent investigations from both covered by concretions), and most of the bones are fragmented. countries will be presented preferentially. Faunal composition, skeletal part representation, mode of faunal S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, oral accumulation, and bone surface modifications (fissures, concre- tions, and manganese) are several attributes that can be used to KYSELÝ René help characterize depositional processes. Based on the distribution Department of the archaeology of landscape and archaeobiology, Institute of Archaeology of the archaeological remains, the Tabuhan layers can be divided of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Letenská 4, 118 01 Prague, Czech into three levels. Local climate changed from a dry phase to a drier Republic, [email protected] phase and then to a wet phase in the upper part. Humans played important roles not only as taphonomic agents during the accu- The Eneolithic story: selected results from archaezoologi- mulation of faunal remains for subsistence purposes, but also in cal research in Bohemia the application of technological practices and in the use of several skeletal parts as expedient tools. The lack of synthetic works dealing with animal keeping in post- S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, Mesolithic periods and cultures inspired the author to focus on one Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, poster period of Bohemian prehistory. Here I want to present briefly selec-

166 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 ted results coming from the last 7-yearinvestigation on animal bo- bones of fish or birds were recovered. With the exception of those nes from the Eneolithic (Chalcolithic) period. The results are based that have been burnt, the mammal bones are heavily weathered. on original data coming from standardized and detailed analyses of Small elements – carpals, tarsals, and phalanges – appear particu- many samples from Bohemia (76 sites, both settlements and ritual larly abundant. This pattern of preservation indicates the need for contexts). Published sources from the region as well as neighboring careful assessment of the effects of taphonomic processes at this Moravia were however involved for comparison (altogether 127 si- site. tes, ca. 30 000 determined bones). The research focuses upon pa- S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, leoeconomic themes such as the hunting and breeding of animals, Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, poster the importance of individual domestic mammals, exploitation of 1 2 „secondary“ products etc., but the ritual and symbolic significance LANERI Nicola & BERTHON Rémi of animals and morphometric characterization were analyzed as 1, Istituto Italiano per l’Africa e l’Oriente, Via U. Aldrovrandi 16, I-00100 Rome, nicolalaneri@ well. Eneolithic cultures were compared each other to find possible hotmail.com 2, Graduate School “Human Development in Landscapes”, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu differences in paleoeconomic strategies or symbolic beliefs. Kiel, Neufeldstraße 10, D-24118 Kiel, [email protected] S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, poster Dancing with Deer: Animal Exploitation and Ceremonial Lacarrière Jessica Activities in Anatolia and the Eastern Mediterranean du- TRACES UMR 5608, Université de Toulouse- Le Mirail, Maison de la Recherche, 5, allées Antonio- ring the Bronze Age Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, FRANCE. [email protected] Deer, especially fallow deer and red deer, played a role in ceremo- La subsistance au Gravettien dans la partie atlantique nial and ritual activities of ancient Anatolian and Eastern Mediter- des Pyrénées: l’exemple d’Isturitz (Pyrénées-Atlantique, ranean societies as it is recognizable from iconographic and textual France) et d’Amalda (Pays-Basque, Espagne) evidences. This symbolic function is also attested by a contextual analysis of deer skeletal remains in numerous archaeological sites. Avec pour objectif, une approche territoriale de la subsistance au In particular, the high density of deer bones and antlers at ceremo- Gravettien dans la partie atlantique des Pyrénées, les résultats des nial centers during the Middle and Late Bronze Age in Anatolia and études archéozoologiques des niveaux gravettiens d’Isturitz et Cyprus reinforces this assumption. d’Amalda seront présentés. A environ 80 kilomètres de distance, The paper presented here will focus on new data recently disco- ces deux sites ont livré une industrie similaire mais se distinguent vered within the Middle Bronze Age architectural complex of Hir- nettement par leur superficie et la nature des vestiges fauniques. bemerdon Tepe, a small site located along the upper Tigris River La grande salle d’Isturitz a livré un ensemble gravettien s’étendant valley in Southeastern Turkey. These results will be discussed in the environ sur 700 m2 dont la densité en vestiges de toute nature est light of evidences coming from the investigation of the iconogra- exceptionnelle. L’étude des restes fauniques met en évidence un phy, historical sources, and faunal remains. We aim at making new spectre de chasse diversifié mais une prépondérance du Bison pris- assumptions on the place of deer in Anatolia and the Eastern Medi- cus (NISP : 67%). Leur abattage se serait déroulé en Automne au terranean during the Middle and Late Bronze Age. dépens des groupes familiaux et l’étude de la représentation sque- lettique démontre une sélection des éléments les plus nutritifs. S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral La grotte d’Amalda, de dimension modérée (50 mètres sur 6 en moyenne), a été fouillée entre 1979 et 1984. Pour ce dernier, les LANSING Sarah & MAREAN Curtis restes de Rupicapra rupicapra largement majoritaires (NISP : 75 %.) Institute of Human Origins. School of Human Evolution and Social Change. PO Box 872402. seraient essentiellement d’origine anthropique. Cette hypothèse a Arizona State University. Tempe, AZ 85287-2402, USA, [email protected], sarah.lansing@ été remise en question par l’analyse taphonomique de J. Yravedra asu.edu pour qui les Carnivores sont les principaux responsables de cette accumulation. Les résultats de l’étude en cours, intégrant les don- The taphonomic history of a Middle Pleistocene brown nées fournies par les autres Herbivores, seront présentés afin de hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) den from , discuter ces deux hypothèses. , South Africa La comparaison de ces deux sites nous amènera à nous interroger sur leur fonction respective au sein de ce territoire Gravettien et de We present one of the first systematic taphonomic examinations of discuter d’une éventuelle complémentarité. a Middle Pleistocene hyena den assemblage. Pinnacle Point Site 30 S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World (PP30) formed in a small calcrete cave on the Western Cape coast during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster of South Africa. PP30 accumulated over a discrete period dated to ~151 ka with optically stimulated thermoluminescence, placing it LAM Yin1, FU Xianguo2, FU Yongxu2, in Marine Isotope Stage 6 (MIS 6). Analyses indicate that PP30 was 1 1 accumulated by brown hyenas (Parahyaena brunnea). Tooth marks FARGO David , LORIMER Georgina & frequently occur on bone fragments, and evidence of hominin bo- WHARRAM Adam1 ne-processing is lacking. Gnaw marks attributable to rodents are 1, Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3050 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W uncommon. PP30 contains 34 large mammal species, avian and 3P5, CANADA, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] reptilian remains, hyena coprolites, and ostrich eggshells. PP30 re- 2, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 27 Wangfujing, Beijing, CHINA, presents an unselected assemblage for which all materials were re- [email protected]; [email protected] tained and analyzed. The inclusion of long bone shaft fragments in our GIS-based analysis of skeletal element abundance documents A preliminary report on the taphonomy of the mammal a pattern dominated by high utility elements. This is in contrast to assemblage from the Neolithic levels of Dayan (Guangxi, other den assemblages, such as Equus Cave, where shaft fragments China) were not analyzed. We suggest that comprehensive methodologies should be employed throughout excavation and analysis of hyena Excavated in 2000, the site of Dayan in Guangxi, China, has produ- dens to more effectively estimate the pattern of skeletal element ced early pottery as well as an extensive faunal assemblage dating abundance in these accumulations. MIS 6 is a critical period in to the Early Holocene. Cultural material recovered from the site re- the evolution of modern humans but is poorly represented in the presents the time period from the Late Paleolithic to the Late Neoli- current inventory of fossil sites. Thus, PP30 has the potential to ge- thic. The faunal remains comprise primarily gastropod shells (which nerate paleoecological information significant to modern human are abundant until the Late Neolithic) and mammal bones. The ver- origins. tebrate assemblage is dominated by several species of cervid. Few S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 167 LAPHAM Heather A.1, MOORE David G.2, neticists unique access to the temporal record of change previously 3 4 accessible only to paleontologists and archaeologists. The rush to BECK Robin A. & RODNING Christopher B. generate empirical data has often come at the expense of the es- 1Center for Archaeological Investigations, Faner 3479 – Mail Code 4527, Southern Illinois tablishment of a hypothesis testing framework, often only allowing University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA, [email protected] 2Department of Sociology and Anthropology, CPO 6076, Warren Wilson College, PO Box 9000, for a description of the results to pass as discussion or conclusions. Asheville, NC 28815, USA, [email protected] Taking a step back, I will ask what the ultimate value of formula- 3Department of Anthropology, 101 West Hall, 1085 South University Avenue, University of ting a null hypothesis is within the context of our field, which is Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA, [email protected] 4Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, 7041 Freret Street, New Orleans, LA 70118, by necessity historical, and thus heavily reliant upon a narrative USA, [email protected] to express the resulting pattern of shifting haplotypes in time and space. I will conclude by demonstrating that neither a framework Diets and Desires: Provisioning Soldiers at Fort San Juan that demands an absolute adherence to Occam’s Razor and strict in Spanish Florida, USA hypothesis testing, not one that allows mere descriptions of haplo- Spanish exploration and settlement in the Americas during the 16th type networks to pass for conclusions are sufficient to move the and 17th centuries needed to develop new supply systems. Soldiers, field forward. S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral clergy, and colonists could not rely solely on provisions imported from Spain, across the vast . They turned instead to their Native American neighbors to supply their forts and missions LAUWERIER Roel with foodstuffs as well as labor. This paper examines garrison diet Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Cultural Heritage Agency, P.O. Box 1600, 3800 BP at the military outpost of Fort San Juan located deep within the Amersfoort, The Netherlands, [email protected] interior of Spanish La Florida. Built adjacent to Joara, a large Native Crossing borders of time and space: animal husbandry American town, the fort survived for about 18 months until it fell to native attack. When customary military supply systems are no and the transition from Iron Age to the Roman period on longer feasible, what remained, if anything, of traditional desires both sides of the limes in the Netherlands and cultural preferences in the consumption of animal foodstuffs? In Roman times the area that is now the Netherlands was divided Pardo departed inland with only bread, cheese, and wine for suste- by the Roman border. The southern area was part of the Roman nance; provisions did not include meat, neither dried nor on hoof. Empire while the northern part was ‘free’. This historic situation of- Using zooarchaeological data from recent excavations at the fort fers the possibility to study the characteristics of husbandry and and adjacent village, known collectively as the Berry site, this pa- livestock and the non-economic role animals played as well as the per investigates Spanish subsistence practices at the earliest inte- transition from the Iron Age to the Roman period in these different rior outpost of the Spanish Empire in southeastern North America. areas. A detailed contextual study of the distribution of animal species By crossing borders of time and space, we will compare archaeo- and skeletal elements help to gauge the degree to which Spanish zoological information from both eras and both areas and see how soldiers supplied themselves with meat and fish compared to the the processes of change and interaction developed. For example, degree to which the garrison accepted, or relied upon, provisions on both sides of the border new species like the cat and the chic- from their native neighbors. ken were introduced, however, the change of the attitude towards S2-3, Empires, oral horses as meat providing animals differed between areas. The large Roman presence seems to play a dominant role in these processes, LAROULANDIE Veronique but also in the greater emphasis on the exploitation of pigs and PACEA-UMR5199. Universite de Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultes, B18, 33405, Talence cedex, chickens. A change in animal husbandry is reflected in the size of France. [email protected] cattle and horses in the occupied area. However, it is not a simple Modifications des oiseaux proies par le grand-duc (Bubo bubo) uniform phenomenon, but seems to be different for different area’s or groups op people. The mortality patterns of cattle seem to indi- Les restes aviaires découverts dans les sites archéologiques en cate different regimes that changed in the most populated areas grotte peuvent appartenir aux proies des Hommes, des carnivores, from an emphasis on animal husbandry to a system in which cattle des rapaces ou à des individus morts naturellement sans interven- were primary kept for agricultural purposes. tion de prédateur. L’archéozoologue qui vise à connaître l’exploita- Based on own research and investigations of others, we will present tion des oiseaux par les Hommes doit donc se soucier de sérier les general trends, some differentiations and a lot of uncertainties. vestiges qui résultent d’une activité humaine. En fournissant des S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: données sur les modifications occasionnées par le Grand-duc sur archaeozoological evidence, oral les os d’oiseaux, cette communication y contribue. Plusieurs lots de pelotes provenant de ramassages effectués dans le Sud de la LAW Matt1 France (transmis par P. Bayle) sont analysés avec les outils « classi- 1, 42 The Crescent, Hannover Quay, Bristol BS1 5JP United Kingdom, [email protected] ques » de la taphonomie. Les oiseaux constituent entre 25 et 35% des individus identifiés dans les lots de pelotes analysés. Le spectre Archaeozoology on the Internet, a view from Britain avifaunique y est varié. Il en est de même de la taille des oiseaux An increasing awareness among archaeologists of the desirability proies, comprise entre celle du Martinet et de la Perdrix rouge, et and importance of engaging with wider audiences has coincided des poids qui s’échelonnent entre 40 et 500g. La fragmentation des with the development of online Web 2.0 applications. These allow os longs et la fréquence de certaines traces, en particulier des im- ever-more sophisticated methods of interactive data presentation, pacts de becs et de la digestion, varient selon l’os mais également while requiring minimal knowledge of computer programming selon la taille des oiseaux proies considérés. S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral languages. The result has been a growth of public-oriented websi- tes relating to specific archaeological projects, as well as a number of peer-to-peer initiatives, such as the handful of databases of so- LARSON Greger called ´grey literature´ that are being developed in the UK. Durham Univeristy, Dept. of Archaeology, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK, greger.larson@ At the specialist level, archaeologists have been somewhat slower durham.ac.uk to embrace this trend. Within archaeozoology, a small number of Paleogenetics and Archaeozoology: The relative merits data-sharing projects do exist, either contained within websites of hypotheses, post hoc narratives, and Occam’s Razor relating to particular field projects, or within social networks and e-mail lists. The ability to extract genetic data from paleontological and ar- This paper will outline the current situation in Britain, presenting cheological remains of wild and domestic animals has allowed ge- results of a survey on internet use for research by UK archaeozoolo-

168 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 gists, suggest future directions for archaeozoological data sharing, Alpine and Jurassian lakeside populations, for which it seemed to and highlight concerns about sustainability of current initiatives. be a good marker of cultural variations. In American continent, it S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: new approaches to communication was recovered during pre-Columbian times in Chile and Peru, but and collaboration, oral also in North America for more recent epochs. Finally, recoveries are known for different prehistoric and historical periods in Near- LAW Matt1 East (Cyprus, Israel), Africa (Sudan, Egypt), and Asia (Japan).The ar- 1. School of History and Archaeology, Cardiff University, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, United chaeological occurrences of Diphyllobothrium sp., and its presence Kingdom [email protected] at each period of the History, show that the fish tapeworm geo- graphical distribution is probably the result of very old migrations, Shells in Archaeological Building Materials and indicate that this parasite may be very ancient by humans and animals. Mollusc shells can enter the fabric of a building through numerous S1-6, Palaeoparasitology: advances and potential, oral methods. They can be ornaments, the most extreme examples being in buildings such as the shell cottage on the Carton Estate, LEBON Matthieu1 , REICHE Ina2 & County Kildare, Republic of Ireland, or the Little Chapel on Guern- 2 sey, Channel Islands; they can be structural inserts; they can be de- MUELLER Katharina liberately broken up as temper for brick and cement; or they can be 1, Département de Préhistoire du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle - UMR 7194 CNRS 1, rue incidental inclusions in the sedimentary component of mortar, or René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France, [email protected] 2, Laboratoire du centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de Frances - UMR 171 in brick or daub. The potential of shell deliberately or accidentally CNRS, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001 PARIS. [email protected]; katharina.mueller@ incorporated into building materials, as an indicator of the source culture.fr of raw materials used in construction will be considered by this pa- per, along with a review of work to date and recommendations for Spatially resolved investigation of fossil bone composi- future research. tion at histological scale by Fourier transform infrared S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster micro-spectroscopy

LAZAR Ninov The structure and the composition of bone can be deeply affec- National Archaeozoological Institute with a Museum – BAS, Saborna Str. 2, 1000 Sofia, , ted by various biological and physico-chemical factors once their [email protected] exposition on soil surface and in their burial environment. Several analytical methods have been used to characterize composition Osteological evidences for one way of hunting during the changes induced by these alteration processes, but unfortunately, Chalcolithic Age these analysis are generally performed on bone powder. As bone is a highly hierarchical tissue, the diagenetic processes induce hete- There is not much information about hunting in the Prehistorical rogeneous modifications at the histological scale, classically orga- Age. As well known, animal bones can’t provide facts about the way nized in compact bone by osteons surrounding haversian pores. In of hunting. That is why I think it’s very important to present you a this study, we applied Fourier transform Infrared Microscopy using find from the Chalcolithic settlement nearby Radingrad - Northeast Synchrotron light sources (SR-FTIR) to investigate the composition Bulgaria, culture Karanovo VI. Among many bones of domestic and of histological structures in fossil bones from Chalain (France, 3850- wild animals as deer, roe, cattle, wild pig, hare etc., it is significant 2900 BC), Bize-Tournal (15,000BP), Song Terus (Indonesia, 5-100 to mention a big fragment from a neurocranium of a wild pig in ka). This method has allowed to obtain highly spatially resolved which is stuck a flint arrow point. The arrow has pierced the skull, quantitative and qualitative information on organic and mineral penetrated deep in Sinus Frontalis and it stuck there without inju- components of archaeological bones. The results obtain by SR- ring the brain cavity and hurting the brain. By surprise, the animal FTIR imaging demonstrate the usefullness of this method for the survived and near the wound there was some callus. As the arrow knowledge of the complex evolution of bone material properties point is fixed on the healed bone, it can be clearly recognized. We over geological time, and a better localization of well preserved have made many investigations and roentgenograms. From biolo- areas likely to contain un-altered biogenic signal. gical point of view, it is interesting that the animal didn’t die and ac- S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral cepted the foreign body. But the cultural-historical interpretation is more important. At the destination of the flint point we can follow Leduc Charlotte the route of the arrow. It has flown slantingly downwards. Obvious- 1, PhD student Université Paris 1 - UMR7041 - Equipe Archéologies environnementale, MAE - 21 ly this concerns hunting behind ambush. Apparently, the hunter allée de l’université - 92023 Nanterre cedex - France. [email protected] was behind a reliable shelter, which was lower than the path, on which had been walking the animal. This is a very dangerous way of From animal procurement to carcass treatment: subsis- hunting, which requires courage and experience. There is one more tence and raw material resources exploitation at the Ma- consequence - the hunter didn’t use any poison for his . S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, oral glemosian site of Mullerup (Denmark)

The Mullerup site (Zealand, Denmark) is the first excavated and LE BAILLY Matthieu & BOUCHET Françoise probably most famous site assigned to Maglemosian Culture, i.e University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Environmental the beginning of the Mesolithic in Northern Europe (8500-6550 Parasitology and Palaeoparasitology, EA 3795 GEGENA², 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51 096 Reims cedex, France. [email protected] Cal BC). Maglemosian culture in Zealand is characterized by very well preserved faunal assemblages from peat context, including a Review of past Diphyllobothrium very abundant industry, recently analysed from a typolo- gical and technological point of view (David, 1999; 2004). Despite The fish tapeworm, Diphyllobothrium sp., is one of the longest in- the age of the excavation (by G. F. L. Sarauw in 1900), a fairly good testinal parasites of human and fish-eating carnivorous. Owing to sampling procedure of the faunal remains was conducted. It there- a complex life-cycle, it provides information that concerns many fore appeared relevant to analyse all the faunal remains in order to fields of palaeoparasitological research, such as palaeopathology, reconstruct the exploitation of animal resources (dietary as well as palaeodiet, environment, and animal biodiversity. We present a technical). The detailed quantification of species, individuals, skele- short synthesis of the fish tapeworm occurrences in archaeologi- ton parts as well as marks on the bone surface (cutmarks and tech- cal remains. In Europe, it was known since the Neolithic, mostly in nical marks), provides relevant data to reconstruct the respective north-western regions (Germany, Switzerland, France, and Norway). contributions of subsistence and technical activities. This allows a During this period, it was the most important parasitosis of ancient global view of animal resources management in time and space.

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 169 I shall focus on the exploitation of some of the main ungulates Leonardi Michela, Weber Christine, hunted: wild boar, red deer and aurochs. The chosen examples will emphasize the fact that these animal resources were exploited in Benecke Norbert, Thomas Mark G. & different ways, depending on species and material needs, i.e. for Burger Joachim bone points manufacture. Johannes Gutenberg University, SB II, Colonel Kleinmann-Weg 2, 55128, Mainz, Germany. [email protected] S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral Horse domestication inferred from ancient dna data Lefèvre Christine1, Laroulandie Domestication of horses was an important step in human history, 2 3 Véronique & Christensen Marianne but the way it happened is still controversial. Two main hypotheses 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : are proposed: domestication from a single region and then spread sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] of domesticates in a wider territory (with or without gene flow with 2, UMR 5199 « PACEA », Université de Bordeaux, Avenue des Facultés, B18, 33405, Talence cedex, wild populations) or domestication in many different regions. Here France, [email protected] 3, UMR 7041 « Archéologies et Sciences de l’Antiquité (ArScAn) », Université Paris 1 Panthéon- we analyse ancient mtDNA sequences sampled in European and Sorbonne, Maison René Ginouvès, 21 allée de l’Université, 92023 Nanterre Cedex, marianne. Central Asian populations dating from different periods. We model- [email protected] led many different scenarios to find the one that fit better with the observed genetic diversity in ancient and modern horses. Birdskin clothing in Southern Patagonia S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster The archaeological site of Offing 2, in the Strait of Magellan (Chile), provides evidence of repeated human occupation by groups of LEPETZ Sébastien hunters-gatherers between 3000 and 800 years BC. It has yielded UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, a huge number of bird remains, belonging to a minimum of 23 pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] taxa: albatrosses (Diomedea melanophrys, D. exulans.), petrels (Ma- cronectes giganteus, 2 or 3 species of Procellaria sp.), cormorants, Horses in scythians burials in Mongolia (Phalacrocorax magellanicus, P. atriceps), steamer ducks (Tachyeres pteneres) and geese (Chloephaga sp.), gulls (Larus dominicanus, L. In the 2000s, Tsagann Turbat (Ph.D Associate Professeur,School of scoresbii) and tern (Sterna hirundinacea), skuas (Catharacta skua), History and Social Sciences of the Department of Mongolian His- oystercatcher (Haematopus sp.), greater yellowlegs (Tringa melano- tory, Ulaanbaatar) and P.-H. Giscard have made excavations in the leuca), and at least two species of passerines. Mongolian Altaï. They discovered many graves dated to the scy- Three taxa dominate the assemblage: albatross, cormorants, and thian period , about ten of which gave away horses. On skulls of petrels. Cormorants are the most abundant in the oldest occupa- this horses appear traces of their sacrifice which took place during tion sequences, while albatrosses prevail between 1400 and 900 the funerary ceremony. The poster will present the particularisms years BC. (age, sexe, arrangement) that equids have in common and the dis- Deep, longitudinal cut marks were observed on 60% of the 145 al- similarities. S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster batross skulls and 35 % of the 37 petrel skulls. Cormorant skulls are much more fragile and only two sub-complete skulls were present in the studied sample. Cut marks and clear breakages were also ob- LESHCHINSKIY Sergey served on the mandibles, at the limit between the feathered skin of Tomsk State University, Lenin ave. 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia, [email protected] the skull and the horny part of the beak. These marks were interpre- ted as resulting from skinning the birds, an hypothesis confirmed Enzootic diseases and extinction of mammoths as a re- by the experimental skinning of an adult goose. flection of deep geochemical changes in the ecosystems Evidence for skinning activities on birds is not commonly identi- of Northern Eurasia fied at Patagonian sites, especially on albatrosses, and will be dis- cussed. In 2003-2009, I examined more than 22 000 bones and teeth of northern Eurasian mammoths for enzootic diseases. The study fo- S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral cused on the western Siberian Sartan beast solonetzs (Shestakovo, Kochegur, Volch’ya Griva, and Lugovskoe), and on sites with ages Legge Anthony of ~ 30-10 ky BP, mammoth remains accounting for more than 90% University of Cambridge, Downing Street, CB2 3ER, Cambridge , ENGLAND, [email protected] of the total amount (Gary, Berelekh, Krasnoyarskaya kurya, Krakow Spadzista Street, Předmostí, Dolní Věstonice, Milovice and others). Ageing domestic animals by dentition; facts and fictions The study showed that, at the end of Pleistocene, large herbivorous animals underwent a strong geochemical stress. Its manifestations Archaeoozoologists usually rely on a few modern texts for the tabu- are present in mass destructive changes of bones undoubtedly re- lations of data by which their dental specimens are aged. However, sulting from enzootic diseases caused by mineral deficiency. In all these are often based on borrowings from earlier publications, but studied collections, remains with destructive changes are common. seldom with full acknowledgement. Scrutiny of these recent publi- The maximum damage was found in bones and teeth of M. primi- cations, and the earlier sources from which they have borrowed, genius. The most typical signs of osteodystrophy were osteoporo- had led to the repetition of some highly questionable science. Fre- sis, osteofibromatosis, osteomalacia, osteolysis, cartilage atrophy, quently, the number of observations was very few, and conclusions exostoses, fractures with protracted nonunion, ulcers and friction were expressed in a very general way. Even more recent investiga- on articular surfaces. Our paleoecological analysis allows tions have propagated serious errors. Together these have led to us to assess the situation in most part of northern Eurasia at the end unfounded beliefs surrounding the timing of tooth eruption events, of Pleistocene as extremely unfavorable for the mammoth popula- and about the influence that domestication has had upon this pro- tion. The disruption of abiotic interactions caused by cardinal trans- cess. This paper will show the limitations inherent in this work, with formation of geochemical landscapes apparently became the main reference to cattle and pigs. The proposition that modern breeding reason for the wide spread of enzootia and, finally, extinction of the and feeding has significantly modified tooth eruption timings can- mammoth. This work was supported by a grant (09-04-00663) from not be supported from the evidence. the RFBR.

S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral S4-2, Mammoth extinction: environmental vs anthropogenic factors, oral

170 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 LESUR-GEBREMARIAM Joséphine cus on the horse since this is my main area of interest. I have used biometric data for various purposes and I have collaborated on a UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] number of archaeogenetic projects. I would like to discuss two si- gnificant problems which have become apparent to me over the Domesticates and wild game in the western Egyptian de- years. sert at the end of the 5th millennium BC: the results from One, most archaeozoologists do take measurements, but they are KS 43, oasis of kharga, Egypt not always clear about the purpose behind these measurements or whether they are appropriate for the questions they are asking. The site of KS43 is located in the southern part of the Oasis of Khar- Two, archaeozoologists and archaeogenetics are not always very ga, in the western desert of Egypt. The faunal assemblage is very good at communicating to each other either their methodologies rich as more than 30 000 bones fragments have been found. or the rationales behind the conclusions they draw from their data. The faunal spectrum show a clear predominance of domesticates Both biometrics and genetics can be useful and productive for the especially caprines and cattle. The rest of the spectrum includes do- study of ancient faunal material. But archaeozoologists and ar- mestic dog and wild animals such as barbary sheep, dorcas gazelle, chaeogeneticists both need to learn to listen to one another more hare, birds and rodent. Few remains of catfish and of Nile mussel’ carefully and to test their own interpretations more rigorously. shell have also been found, suggesting contacts with the Nile val- S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster ley. The fauna from the site of KS43 holds a great interest as it the first LEV-TOV Justin1, ATICI Levent2 & pre-dynastic site from the western desert to present such a large 3 assemblage. The high representation of caprines and cattle testifies KANSA Sarah Whitcher of a well developed pastoral economy relying partly on the tempo- 1, Statistical Research, Inc., 21 W. Stuart Avenue, Redlands, California, 92374 U.S.A., jlev-tov@ sricrm.com rary water resources that are artesian . The exploitation of wild 2, Department of Anthropology & Ethnic Studies, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, animals seems small and could represent only a sporadic comple- Nevada, 89154-5003 U.S.A., [email protected] mentary resource. The presence of barbary sheep, dorcas gazelle 3, The Alexandria Archive Institute, 125 El Verano Way, San Francisco, California, 94127, U.S.A., [email protected] and hare give the image of a semi-arid environment and in that context the artesian well may have represented a good watering Other People’s Data: Blind Analysis and Report Writing as place for those animals and therefore a good hunting place for the occupants of the site. a Demonstration of the Imperative of Data Publication S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, poster Scholars increasingly rely on digital formats for their research, from 1 2 data collection to analysis and presentation. While sharing PDFs of LEVINE Marsha & YUAN Jing published syntheses has become common practice, researchers 1, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, tend not to share the raw data collected, meaning that others can- Cambridge, CB2 3ER, UK, [email protected] not access the primary content for reexamination or reuse. Thus, 2, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 27 Wangfujing Dajie, Beijing 100710, China, [email protected] though web publication of data is increasingly easy to accomplish, many scholars have yet to realize the rewards of sharing their pri- New research on the Late Shang dynasty horses from mary data. We discuss the motivations and disincentives for zooar- Anyang (Henan) chaeologists to publish datasets on the web. Our perspective is the result of a blind analysis and report-writing study recently conduc- The earliest confirmed evidence for the domestic horse in China da- th ted by the authors. The study aimed to demonstrate the diversity tes to the 13 century BC at Yinxu (Anyang, Henan), the Late Shang of interpretations when different zooarchaeologists work with the capital. A large number of high status chariot burials and many same dataset. The publicly available dataset of faunal analysis from horse pits - apparently from ritual contexts - have been excavated. the 1960s excavations at Choga Mish, Iran was selected for this The horses from these contexts are often from complete, articula- project. Each of three analysts was given basic ground rules, but ted skeletons. However, some disarticulated bones have also been analytical methods and interpretive aims were not defined. The di- recovered. Even a preliminary investigation of the material from vergent results of this study highlight the importance of publishing Yinxu raises many questions. 1) How did the horse and chariot, as original datasets alongside syntheses, and most importantly, of do- a complex, arrive fully formed and apparently with no precursors cumenting the datasets and the methodologies used in the study. during this period? 2) Were the horses from Yinxu bred locally? 3) We conclude that datasets should be published even in absence of Were all the horses from high status contexts? 4) Did the horse play a written report, but that a minimum of basic descriptive informa- a much greater role in Yinxu daily life than has been assumed? tion makes such “orphan” datasets far more useful. In 2007 we decided to look at the material from Yinxu with fresh S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: new approaches to communication eyes. Because of the site’s importance, we may never be able to and collaboration, poster gain access to the bones from intact chariot burials and the most spectacular sacrificial pits. Interesting as it would be to study those L’HEUREUX Gabriela Lorena1, BELARDI Juan2 bones, there is other material, less grand but possibly most impor- 3 tant in terms of our understanding of the role of the horse in Late & CARBALLO MARINA Flavia Shang culture. We have therefore started work on both skeletons 1, CONICET-IMHICIHU, Departamento de Investigaciones Prehistóricas y Arqueológicas (DIPA). and individual bones from a variety of contexts which have led us Saavedra 15, piso 5, (ACA 1083) Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. lorenalheureux@yahoo. com.ar to the very preliminary conclusion that horses probably a played a 2, CONICET-UNPA. Avenida Gregores y Piloto Lero Rivera, Campus Universitario. (9400) Río more significant role in Yinxu life than had been believed. Gallegos, Provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. [email protected] S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, 3, UNPA. Avenida Gregores y Piloto Lero Rivera, Campus Universitario. (9400) Río Gallegos, Provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. [email protected] Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral Exploitation of fauna at Cabo Virgenes, Patagonia Ar- LEVINE Marsha gentina, during the Late Holocene. The use of the coast McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3ER, UK. [email protected]. by inland populations Can biometrics and archaeogenetics teach us about past Cabo Virgenes 20 (CV20) is located in an erosional beach by the human-horse relationships? southern Atlantic Ocean, Patagonia, Argentina (52º 19’ S; 68º 22’W). According to previous research, land hunter groups began using The purpose of this presentation is to stimulate discussion about this coastal space marginally -although purposely- since 2000 BP. collaborations involving biometrics and archaeogenetics. I will fo- Of all the archaeological sites studied in Cabo Virgenes, CV20 has

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 171 the highest density of faunal remains and richness of exploited but also in contexts related to ritual activity such as sacrificial pits species. Analysis of the bone assemblage shows emphasis on ex- and burials during the early Bronze Age (1900–1100 BC) in the ploitation of seabirds (Phalacrocorax sp.; Aptenodytes patagonica), heartland of ancient China. Dog sacrifices have only been disco- in addition to important presence of pinnipeds (Otaria flavescens; vered in such contexts as sacrificial pits prior to Upper Erligang Arctocephalus australis) and carnivores (Pseudalopex culpaeus) with Culture (1400 BC) when the ritual use of dog sacrifices in mortuary indications of anthropic use. In the general context of archaeologi- contexts started to rise in this region. During the Late Shang (1300– cal records in the Cabo Virgenes area, CV20 provides new evidence 1100 BC), the ritual use of dog sacrifices in both mortuary and other about the use of the coast and its resources by inland populations contexts became popular, which indicates that dog husbandry had at around 700 BP. also become well developed. But in contrast to sheep, cattle and S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster pigs, which were generally use as food offerings to the deceased, dogs were only used to accompany the dead. The mortality pattern L’HEUREUX Gabriela Lorena1 & KAUFMANN of dog sacrifices found in the burials indicates a preference for dogs 2 younger than one year old in mortuary ritual. The extraordinarily Cristian large number and the limited age distribution of dog sacrifices sug- 1, CONICET-IMHICIHU, Departamento de Investigaciones Prehistóricas gest the probability of specialized dog husbandry for the ritual use y Arqueológicas (DIPA). Saavedra 15, piso 5, (ACA 1083) Ciudad de of dogs in Anyang, the capital of Late Shang. Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, 2, CONICET-INCUAPA, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad del Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Avda Del Valle 5737, (B7400JWI) Olavarría, Argentina. [email protected] LIESAU Corina1, DAZA Arantxa2, CIRUJANO Fernando2, LLORENTE LAURA3 & Guanaco (Lama guanicoe) juvenile age estimation using MORALES Arturo3 diaphyseal long bone lengths 1. Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Madrid. Campus de Cantoblanco, C/ Fco. Tomás y Valiente 1, 28049 Madrid. [email protected] Lama guanicoe (guanaco) is the best represented land mammal in 2. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid. [email protected]; [email protected] continental archaeological sites of the whole Holocene in Pampa 3. Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, Departamento de Biología, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049 Madrid. and Patagonia, South America. The main techniques developed for [email protected]; [email protected] age estimation of guanaco specimens occurring in archaeofaunal Singular animal deposits from a chacolithic ditched en- assemblages are based on tooth eruption and wear and on the closure at Camino de las Yeseras (Madrid) sequence of epiphysial fusion. This work presents a model for es- timating age from long bone length. The sample included 50 indi- Different findings in a series of pits of the ditched enclosure set- viduals with age at death ranging from 9th month of gestation to 4 tlement at Camino de las Yeseras reveal a special relationship be- years old, divided into 11 age classes defined by tooth eruption and tween the inhabitants of this site and some of the domestic and wear. The results will be greatly useful to calibrate the age struc- wild species deposited there. Of particular relevance are the dog ture in the archaeological and reference samples, and will provide remains that appear as either complete or beheaded specimens more tools to discuss prey selection strategies and seasonality of in isolated pits. One of these complete dogs, associated with ware, resource exploitation. was placed in a ditch zone lying next to the entrance that gave ac- S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster cess to the central area. Other complete dogs are associated with human burials. In addition to dogs, some aurochs crania appear in LI Min other pits that suggest a treatment of these animals disconnected with subsistence practices. UCLA. [email protected] S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster

Animals in the Mortuary Rituals of Early China: Evidence 1,2 2 from the Neolithic and the Bronze Age LIESAU Corina , MORALES Arturo , DAZA Arantxa3, CIRUJANO Fernando3 & Animal remains feature prominently in the mortuary contexts of 2 early China. This paper examines the incorporation of animals in LLORENTE Laura the mortuary rituals in relation to social change and interregio- 1. Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Madrid. Campus de Cantoblanco, C/ Fco. Tomás y Valiente 1, 28049 Madrid. nal cultural interaction during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age. [email protected] Combining literature survey with archaeological case studies, we 2. Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, Departamento de Biología, C/ Darwin, 2, 28049 Madrid [email protected] will focus on the convergence of different cultural traditions in the [email protected] funerary rituals and the development of ritual protocols for formal 3. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid representation of rank and identities through animal use in mor- [email protected] [email protected] tuary contexts. Animal remains in the tomb are evaluated in rela- tion to fauna remains from sacrificial offerings, divination activities, Funerary feasting in a Brazilian shell mound and consumption episodes associated with the funerary events. Collectively, the configuration of human-animal relationship in One of the most spectacular human inhumations in the Bronze Age the mortuary contexts of early China constituted a dynamic realm pits at Camino de las Yeseras (San Fernando de Henares, Madrid) is of political negotiation for maintaining or transforming the social that of an infant 2-3 years old. The child, placed facing down (in it- network through rites of passage. self an unusual posture for this period in Iberia), was lying eccentri- S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral cally on a rather small pit (1,5m), among an assortment of animals. Next to the infant a dog was placed in a forced manner, and under LI Zhipeng the dog scattered remains from fetal suids were found. Between Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 27 Wangfujing Street, Beijing, the child and the dog a series of sheep bones were located but the 100710, CHINA, [email protected] most remarkable find, lying under the feet of the infant, was that of a complete raven –also facing down- with its wings widely spread. The ritual use of dogs and its relationship to dog husban- Finally, a distal humerus from a cow was retrieved next to the wings dry during the Early Bronze Age in ancient China of the raven. Many of the bones of the bird exhibited pathological features that suggest that this animal had been kept by people pro- The remains of dogs have been found not only in refuse deposits bably since an early age.

172 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 Such a varied faunal assemblage might be taken to indicate the he- gans (11% burned) vs. the streamlined Rumina decollata (4% bur- terogeneous meanings that the different species imply, with some ned), such differences may reveal the depth at which the animals of them presumably representing funerary food while others, such buried into the soil. The marine molluscs (0.5% burned) probably as the raven and the dog, evidencing a ritual role and close cultural lied scattered across the occupation floors, standing higher chan- association yet to be determined. ces of direct contact with fire. S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster

LINSEELE Veerle1, VAN NEER Wim2,3 & LLORENTE Laura1, MORALES- THYS Sofie2 MUÑIZ Arturo1, CIRUJANO Fernando2, 1. Center for Archaeological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E - bus DAZA Arantxa2 & LIESAU Corina2 2409, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. [email protected] 2. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. Willem. 1, Chair of Zoology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, E 28049, Madrid, SPAIN, [email protected] [email protected] 3. Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity and Systematics, Ch. 2, Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Facultad de Letras, Universidad Autónoma de Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Madrid, E 28049, Madrid, SPAIN

Faunal studies of the Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic in the Earliest archaeozoological evidence of falconry in the Fayum Oasis (Egypt). A status quaestionis Iberian Peninsula

The Fayum Neolithic is a period of early food production in Egypt No information presently exists concerning the origin of falconry and the whole of Africa. Its economy seems to represent a unique in the Iberian Peninsula, although several lines of evidence suggest situation, as an intermediate between the more sedentary agricul- that the introducers of the practice were the Germanic tribes that ture of the Levant and the mobile pastoralism from the Egyptian invaded the subcontinent after the collapse of the Roman Empire. deserts. Since a few years new archaeological excavations are being Within this context, our paper reports the presence of two goshawk carried out at the largest Fayum Neolithic sites, Kom K and Kom W (Accipiter gentilis, L.) finds –one isolated tibiotarsal and one incom- (both ca. 4500 calBC), and faunal remains have been systematically plete skeleton- deriving from domestic contexts of Visigoth (VIth collected. All Epipalaeolithic sites are surface sites and a very exten- century AD) settlements. sive one, E29H1 (ca. 9000 calBC), has recently been mapped and The two major lines of evidence that suggest that these two finds inventoried in detail. From selected areas of the site, faunal remains may represent the earliest indication of these animals being kept have been collected. In total more than 100,000 new faunal remains by people at that time include: have been analysed for the Fayum Neolithic and a few 1000 for the 1. The pathology on the right tarsometatarsal of the articulated Epipalaeolithic. The results from these analyses will be presented specimen, whose etiology corresponds to a growth disorder asso- and compared with those from previous work. At the Neolithic si- ciated with animals kept in captivity. tes, the presence of domestic sheep, goat, cattle as well as pig could 2. Both sites are located on areas that have been open landscapes be confirmed. Fish are largely predominant, however, and indicate for centuries, constituting unsuitable habitats for the goshawk, a that fishing mainly took place at annual high water levels. Inter and strictly forest species. intra sites variations in the faunal composition for the Neolithic The measurements taken are not only indicative of the presence of are evident and may be due to location of the sites, their function, males from the nominate subspecies (ie., A.g. gentilis), but also of season of occupation etc. The new data from the Epipalaeolithic are animals from the Iberian population, far smaller than its European equally important, as details on the economy and environment of equivalents. the Fayum in this period - immediately preceding the Neolithic - are From such data, one may conclude that although falconry was a limited up to now. practice alien to the Iberian hunting traditions previous to the Mid- S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, poster dle Ages, and the Visigoths appear to have been its introducers into Iberia, local birds, rather than imports, were tamed from the very LLORENTE Laura & DE FRANCISCO Carmen, beginning of the process. DAZA Arantxa, CIRUJANO FERNANDO, S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster LIESAU Corina & MORALES-MUÑIZ Arturo LLOVERAS Lluís 1, 2, MORENO-GARCÍA Marta3 Chair of Zoology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin, 2, E 28049, Madrid, SPAIN, 1 [email protected] & NADAL Jordi 1, SERP. Departament de Prehistòria, Història Antiga i Arqueologia. Facultat de Geografia i Molluscs from Cova Fosca: a 6,000 years cultural and en- Història. Universitat de Barcelona. Montalegre 6, 08001 Barcelona, Spain, [email protected] 2, Laboratório de Arqueozoologia, IGESPAR, I. P. Avenida da Índia 136, 1300-300 Lisbon, vironmental record from eastern Spain Portugal. 3, Grupo de Investigación Arqueobiología. Instituto de Historia. Centro de Ciencias Humanas Mollusc remains from the site of Cova Fosca allow for the study of y Sociales (CCHS). Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). C/ Albasanz 26-28, 28037 Madrid, Spain, [email protected] natural and anthropic processes evidencing the nature of the hu- man occupation of this shelter covering the first half of the Holoce- Feeding the foxes: an experimental study to assess their ne. Neither the majority of pulmonates nor the minority of marine shells represent meal leftovers, each group revealing different as- taphonomic signature on leporid remains pects of the occupation and environment around the site. The small S2-5, Animals, and their bones, in the modern world (AD1750-1950), poster size (7-30mm) of the dominant pulmonates (Pomatias elegans (75% NISP) and Rumina decollata (18%), and the scarcity of human 1 2 traces in them, indicate their intrusive character. Together with the LOCKER Alison & SERJEANTSON Dale remaining pulmonates (8 species), they testify to the shifting cli- 1, Edifici L’Ingla, Atic 1ª, 58 Avenguda del Pessebre, Escaldes – Engordany, AD 700, Andorra, [email protected] matic conditions from the Epipaleolithic until the Late Neolithic. 2, Archaeology, University of Southampton, Avenue Campus, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 The marine molluscs represented either tools or ornaments. Their 1BF, [email protected] presence is significantly and negatively correlated with that of the pulmonates. Since the abundance of the later correlates with that The social development of ‘coarse’ angling in England of intrusive microvertebrates, the abundance of these two groups between 1750 and 1950 can be taken as a proxy for the cyclical abandonment of the cave. A pattern that requires further analysis is the differential burning in In 1750 freshwater angling was already a long-established sporting the three major groups. Given the globular shape of Pomatias ele- pastime. However rapidly accelerating industrialisation created a

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 173 new urban workforce who embraced coarse fishing. Social diffe- specially of juvenile specimens, for the taxonomic determination of rences were underlined between anglers of ‘game’ fish, i.e. salmon, camelids found in archaeological and paleontological sites in the trout and grayling, generally the preserve of gentry and private lan- Southern Cone of America. downers. All other species were classed as ‘coarse’ and favoured by S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster ‘working men’ who formed fishing clubs, often based in a public house. They initially fished local municipally-owned waters and LÓPEZ ALDANA Pedro Manuel1 & PAJUELO then farther afield, using the new railway network. Their clubs and 1 societies also leased fishing rights. Angling was encouraged among PANDO Ana the ‘working classes’; viewed as more civilising than other traditio- 1. Universidad de Sevilla. Dpto. de Prehistoria y Arqueología. C/Palma del Río, 24, 4ºB, 41008, nal violent, physical and alcohol-fuelled pastimes. Sevilla (España), [email protected] In the inter-war years angling became the most popular partici- pation sport with the development of competitions and the hunt Un depósito malacológico en fosa del yacimiento prehis- for trophy fish. The quest for carp culminated in the enormous size tórico del Seminario-La Orden (Huelva, España): Desecho and celebrity of some fish today and is a post 1950s phenomenon. o Ritual The respect of the ‘hunter for prey’ relationship has long been es- tablished for game fish while the anthropomorphic cult status ap- El yacimiento prehistórico del Seminario-La orden se encuentra en plied to individual ‘coarse’ fish, particularly carp seems to have its la periferia del casco urbano de la ciudad de Huelva. El registro ma- roots in the managed ‘wilderness’ of the industrial age fostered in lacológico que presentamos está compuesto por Solen Marginatus the ‘catch and release’ policy implemented to maintain stocks. y Venerupis Decussata con predominio de esta última especie en The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a generalist predator but in areas whe- una proporción del 80%. La totalidad del relleno de la fosa circular re abundances of rabbits are high, as in Mediterranean ecosystems, de 1’30 m de diámetro y 0’60 m de profundidad corresponde a es- they constitute one of the most common prey species. Taphonomic tos elementos malacológicos integrados en una matriz de arcillas studies on leporid remains consumed by this terrestrial carnivore rojas sin ningún otro material arqueológico asociado, por lo que are scarce and its role as an agent responsible for bone accumu- no resulta parangonable con las estructuras “siliformes” conocidas para el Calcolítico, de ahí que adquiera cierta entidad la posibilidad lations in the fossil record is not fully understood. With the aim of de que este depósito obedezca a una acción simbólica; no obstan- contributing new data to this subject an experimental study was te, dado el grado de especialización de las comunidades del IV-III carried out with four red foxes, two adult and two juvenile indivi- a.n.e. podría, por otra parte, responder a algún tipo de actividad duals, kept in captivity. They were fed with complete rabbit carcas- integrada en la esfera de la producción y consumo cotidiano. ses. Non ingested remains and those from scats were recovered. S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster Anatomical representation, breakage and digestion patterns were analysed. Finally, results were compared with another sample deri- 1 2 ved from wild red foxes scats. The variability observed among the LOPONTE Daniel , ACOSTA Alejandro & different samples shows that the identification of the taphonomic MUCCIOLO Leonardo3 signature of this predator on archaeological assemblages of leporid 1. CONICET/Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano. Postal address: remains is not a straightforward matter. 3 de febrero 1378, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C1426BJN), [email protected] S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral 2. CONICET/Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano. Postal address: 3 de febrero 1378, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C1426BJN), [email protected] 3. CONICET/Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano. Postal address: LÓPEZ Patricio1 & CARTAJENA, Isabel2 3 de febrero 1378, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C1426BJN), [email protected] 1, Universidad Católica del Norte, IIAM. Gustavo Le Paige 380, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, [email protected] Trends in faunistic exploitation during the Late Holocene 2, Universidad de Chile, Departamento de Antropología. Ignacio Carrera Pinto 1045, Santiago, in the Pampean Region Chile [email protected] The Pampean region is an extensive plain located on the extreme Lama gracilis (Artiodactyla: Camelidae) heterochrony south of South America. Human presence undoubtedly goes back and camelid taxonomic determination in Late Pleisto- to the boundary of Pleistocene-Holocene, which since then and un- cene and Early Holocene sites of the Southern Cone of til the XVI AC century, had an essentially hunter-gatherer lifestyle. America However, there are notable evidences about the great complexity on the aboriginal economic organization, particularly during the Lama gracilis (Artiodactyla: Camelidae) remains are registered from late Holocene. The interesting variability which can be seen in the Bolivia to the Tierra del Fuego in Middle to Late Pleistocene and archaeological record provides a notable scene to analyze regional Early Holocene deposits. Although some materials were recovered similarities and differences within a large space, basically domina- in paleontological sites, most of the findings came from archaeo- ted by a steppe, but with a notable variability on the offer of some logical sites. Comparative anatomical studies of this specie fossil faunistic resources. material suggest a small size camelid, slightly larger than Vicugna In this paper, we analyze trends in late Holocene (3 - 0.5 ky) faunal vicugna and smaller than Lama guanicoe. The metapodials are com- exploitation of Pampean hunter-gatherers, emphasizing the beha- paratively more gracile and the lower incisors are slightly imbrica- viors related to the selection, processing and contribution to the ted. They show a thick layer of enamel on the labial face which be- diet of different preys and the variability and temporal trends in this comes much thinner on the lingual side, especially the I . However, space-time block. 1 S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, poster knowledge of the juvenile animals is scare, specially the morpho- logical development of bones during the different growth stages, 1 2 leading to changes in size and shape. Heterochrony is relevant for LÕUGAS Lembi & WOJTAL Piotr the taxonomic determination of morphologically similar species 1, Department of Archaeobiology and Ancient Technology, Institute of History, Tallinn like Lama guanicoe, Vicugna vicugna and Lama gracilis, in particular University, Rüütli 6, EE10130 Tallinn, Estonia, [email protected] 2, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska for juvenile specimens. Lama gracilis material registered in the Ka- 17, PL-31016 Kraków, Poland, [email protected] mac Mayu site (22°S, northern Chile) is described. The bones were recovered by systematic excavations in deposits of gravel and sand New zooarchaeological data of the Late Bronze Age Asva set out on a karst formation eroded by river courses during the Late site (Saaremaa Island, Estonia) Pleistocene. The camelid assemblage is mainly composed by juve- nile individuals, represented mostly by the appendicular skeleton The Asva settlement site has provided a very rich and variable ar- and cranial remains. We present and discuss morphological and chaeological and zoological material. The settlement area is quite morphometric results and implications of Lama gracilis analysis, large – ca 3500 square meters, but only 1/6 is archaeologically

174 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 investigated. The chronostratigraphy of Asva is complicated, but man Republic. In cattle, most of the change took place before the most of the archaeological layers come from the time span of 900– end of the 4th c. BC, while in caprines the rate of increase was similar 500 yrs BC (Late Bronze Age). However, finds from the second half through to the early Empire. of the 1st millenium AD (Iron Age) have also been recorded. Accor- - Although the comparative importance of pigs increased over ding to some authors the „empty time range“ can be explained by time, the size of pigs gradually decreased. a fall of meteorite in Kaali which destroyed Asva settlement. Animal In addition, Monte Pallano may also provide biometric evidence of bones of that site are quite well taxonomically and anatomically in- specialized dog breeding (or the introduction of specialized types) vestigated, i.e. both terrestrial and marine mammals were in focus in pre-Roman Italy, with economic and historical implications. of earlier studies. Birds and fish were partly analysed by J. Lepiksaar S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: in 1930-ies. Taphonomic studies of bird bone remains were done by archaeozoological evidence, oral Z. Bocheński and T. Tomek in 2008. New zooarchaeological studies of mammal bones show a high number of cut marks on seal bones LU Peng, FU Xianguo & YUAN Jing as well as on bones of domestic animals, also many burnt bones Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 27 Wangfujing Street, Beijing, among the seal remains. Obtained results should be considered as CHINA, [email protected]; fuxianguo; [email protected] preliminary since mentioned studies just started in 2008. Final re- sults will be available during coming years. Zooarchaeological research on shell midden sites of the S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster Yong River, Guangxi, China LÕUGAS Lembi We studied shell middens in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Re- gion of southern China. These sites are along the Yong River and Department of Archaeobiology and Ancient Technology, Institute of History, Tallinn University, Rüütli 10, EE10130 Tallinn, Estonia, [email protected] include Dingsishan, Baozitou, Linwu, Luosishan, Huiyaotian, & Niu- lanshi. Our project is the first zooarchaeological research in China Archaeozoology in the Baltic States on shell midden sites situated next to rivers. Column and whole unit sampling yielded ca. 500,000 animal re- Although the tradition of archaeozoology in the Baltic States has mains (weight: 1.7 tons). The animal species represented are similar a long history, the list of researchers in that field is relatively short. among the sites with meat resources acquired mainly by collecting Better known are Johannes Lepiksaar and Kalju Paaver, both for mollusks, hunting mammals, and fishing. The gastropod Bellamya the application of their zoological/natural scientific knowledge and deer were the primary food animals, although fishing was also to fauna historical research. During the recent decades three ar- important. In the case of mollusks, proportions of taxa represented chaeozoologists have been more active in the Baltic States: Linas vary among the sites. Bellamya quadratus and B. mutica are the main Daugnora in Lithuania and Lembi Lõugas and Liina Maldre in Es- species represented at Dingsishan, Lingwu, Baozitou, Niulanshi and tonia. Most studies in Estonia focus on palaeozoogeographical dis- Luosishan, while Margarya melanioides dominates at Huiyaotian. tribution of different species as well as palaeoeconomy, including The main reason for this is differing habitats along the Yong River domestic animals. In Lithuania palaeopathologic studies should be as well as human selection of specific mollusk types, most of which also mentioned. Recent studies of the Ice Age fauna include the were used for food but some of which were employed to make im- dating of woolly mammoth and reindeer and proved that these plements, as were mammal bones. animals inhabited the area at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition. As part of our research on the animal remains, we analyzed forma- As the Baltic States have a long coastline, including many islands in tion processes of the shell middens throughout their occupation. Estonia, the Baltic Sea fauna is reflected in many archaeozoological After presenting results of that analysis, we discuss the reasons for studies. The history of this sea is quite complicated and its fresh and changing site formation processes and exploitation patterns. Final- saline water stages formed diverse fish and seal fauna in its basin ly, we compare shell middens from different regions and summa- attracting people to inhabit the coast and islands throughout the rize the character of such sites in China. times. Nowadays we cannot talk about the specific archaeozoology S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology in the study of human societies in South, of Baltic States, but many works are the result of cooperation with Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the Premodern era, oral foreign colleagues. Besides the morphological and anatomical in- vestigations more and more research concerns chemical and bio- Luik Heidi molecular compounds of bone. Senior researcher, Tallinn University, Institute of History, Ruutli 6, 10130, Tallinn, ESTONIA, heidi. S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, oral [email protected]

LOVE Elan N.1 & MACKINNON Michael2 Seal bones as raw material for tools in Estonian coastal 1, United States Geological Survey, 6505 NE 65th Street, Seattle, USA, [email protected] region in the Neolithic and Bronze Age 2, University of Winnipeg, Department of Anthropology, [email protected] Seal bones constitute a large share of faunal remains in coastal sett- In Rome’s shadow: nine centuries of Italic animal husban- lements of island Saaremaa (Estonia), both the Neolithic and the dry Bronze Age ones. Seal hunting played an important role in both discussed periods. Seal bones form the majority of bones from the Most zooarchaeological research in pre-Roman and early Roman Neolithic settlement of Naakamae, and they also prevail among Italy has to date focused on the north and the central western coast animal bones from the Neolithic settlement site of Loona. Among of the country. The southeast is poorly understood in comparison, the faunal remains in the Bronze Age fortified settlements seal bo- despite the historical importance and cultural richness of its regio- nes make up 39% in Asva and 19% in Ridala, but most of the animal nal cultures. A synthesis of biometric data and species ratios from bones from these settlements belong to domestic animals. Seal 41 faunal assemblages in southeastern Italy, dating from the early bones were used for making artefacts only in the Neolithic, the pro- Iron Age to the later Roman Empire, was augmented with original ducts being mainly awls from seal limb bones and tooth pendants. data from a set of sites at Monte Pallano, Abruzzo. Since occupation Among Bronze Age bone artefacts the use of seal bones has not spanned the 7th c. BC to the 2nd c. AD, it was possible to compare been discovered. The presentation seeks answer to the question these data with the trends identified for the broader study area, what was the reason for it. Was the attitude towards seal as species with consistent results: different? Or were the raw materials obtained from seals used in - A gradual shift from a caprine-dominant to a pig-dominant hus- ways that made it possible/impossible to make artefacts from bo- bandry strategy is strongly supported. nes? Or were bones of domestic animals just preferred for making - Cattle and caprines became significantly larger by the beginning artefacts in the Bronze Age settlements? of the 1st c. BC, predating the incorporation of the area into the Ro- S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 175 LUO Yunbing lization of craft production reflected in the workshops during this period at this site Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, 81, Tian’e Cun, Donghu Lu, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430077 CHINA, [email protected] S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, poster Pig raising and ritual use at the Dadianzi site, NE China MACKINNON Michael The analysis of pig bone remains from the Dadianzi site in the Liao University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, R3B 2E9, Winnipeg, CANADA, m.mackinnon@ river basin in northeastern China indicates that the activity of rai- uwinnipeg.ca sing pig was highly developed during the early Bronze Age in that region. Domestic pigs were the predominant meat resource of the Roman impact in North Africa: evidence from zooar- inhabitants of Dadianzi and were also widely used in burial ceremo- chaeological data nies. The body size of the pigs was larger than that of contemporary pig populations in other regions, which suggests that the domestic Archaeological and historical data outline cultural changes in North pigs raised at Dadianzi were of a local breed and that the develo- Africa that resulted from Roman conquest, including a greater de- pment of a local domestic pig breed was clearly successful in this gree of urbanization and wealth accumulation in some areas, in- region. In the Dadianzi cemetery, the number of whole-pig sacri- creased agricultural demands due to taxation in kind for grain, and fices is very large, with this mode of sacrifice being extraordinary a push to exploit new areas and resources, which prompted Roman in ancient China. The large quantity of whole-pig sacrifices may expansion both along the Mediterranean coast and down into de- result from a special socio-political demand to reflect the hierar- sert frontiers. Each of these changes, in turn, affected the role and chical social system in funeral ritual or an ideological demand to contribution of animals in Roman North Africa. Zooarchaeological maintain traditional rites in this region or perhaps both imperatives data attest to several important modifications, in this regard, inclu- together. ding: (1) augmented demands on provisioning North African cities S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, and military sites with meat, especially pork, with concomitant im- Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral pact upon economies, diets, and butchery practices in urban loca- les; (2) modifications to pastoral schemes, with shifts in the scale of LYUBLYANOVICS Kyra pastoral herding (both increasing and decreasing, depending on Central European University, Rippl Ronai u. 38, 1068, Budapest, Hungary. grane.lavrans@gmail. the area), the composition of such herds (sheep, goat, and cattle com ratios), and the territories in which it was practiced; (3) livestock “improvements” facilitated in part by aspects such as increased Nomad-sedentary relations and archaeozoology: a case trade, and economic and cultural contact among areas. This paper study on medieval hungarian cumans assesses patterns in these three components in a broad synthetic manner, using zooarchaeological data from the entire expanse of Much debate has been focused on Cumans, a nomadic people that Roman North Africa—Egypt to Mauretania. Attention focuses on entered Hungary in the 1230s and integrated into the Hungarian key similarities and differences in faunal patterns, which resulted population over the next centuries. Their integration has been from Roman contact and influence, across the region. investigated mainly through archaeology, as textual evidence is S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: scarce; scarcely any work has been done on the faunal remains as- archaeozoological evidence, oral sociated with them. This may be the main reason why the nature of their economic integration is not fully understood. According to the established historical framework, they were mobile pastoralists MACKINNON Michael with a subsistence economy, organized into a chiefdom level so- University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, R3B 2 E9, Winnipeg, Canada, m.mackinnon@ ciety. However, this seems to be a very oversimplified picture which uwinnipeg.ca relies on stereotypes of medieval authors of state-level societies. Cuman settlement and their later specialization in cattle, sheep tra- Zooarchaeology and classical archaeology: a young dis- de was a consequence of the economic nexus of the 15th century cipline in an ancient world when the demand for such animal products significantly increased and Cumans were able to fill an economic niche created by market Classical archaeology has a long tradition, with deep foundations in demands and the 13th century loss of the food-producing popu- philology, art history, and classical studies; however, only recently lation. The presented project is aimed to clarify the role of animal has zooarchaeological research been promoted and developed wi- husbandry in Cuman integration, by systematic comparison of se- thin the discipline. Early brief zooarchaeological reports have today veral Cuman and Hungarian faunal assemblages. The question as to led to much broader and detailed analyses, with a keener intent what extent faunal assemblages can be used as markers of ethni- to tackle a diverse range of domains—environmental, economic, city will receive special emphasis. cultural, social, ritual, among others—in which animals factor in S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: ancient life. Disciplinary and cultural boundaries, especially in how bringing methodology to bear on social questions, poster zooarchaeological programs are structured across academic de- partments, create some challenges in venturing forward. However, MA Xiaolin universal changes within classical archaeology overall, including— (1) a growing movement for more multidisciplinary archaeologi- Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, No.9 Longhaibeisan Street, Zhengzhou 450000, CHINA, [email protected] cal ventures; (2) a familiarity with more scientific, environmental, and statistical data, in larger part due to augmented archaeolo- Cattle bones and hairpins: analysis of worked bone from gical survey projects in the discipline; (3) a larger, diachronic, and the Western Zhou period of central China theoretical vision for interpreting and explaining cultural change in Greco-Roman antiquity; (4) the blurring of traditional academic Cattle bones for manufacturing hairpins were recovered from the boundaries—have instilled a spirit of collaborative and synthetic Western Zhou (1046-771 BC) urban site of Lijiayao in Sanmenxia, work. Zooarchaeology houses tremendous potential for contribu- Henan province, central China. This paper discusses the process ting to the future of classical archaeology, especially as the discipli- that was used to make the hairpins, details about which were obtai- ne taps into the philosophy that the ancient Greek and Romans of ned by sorting, measuring and analyzing waste materials from that the Mediterranean are just one of many cultures, past and present, process. The goal of the study has been to understand the source who contribute knowledge about humanity. of raw materials used to manufacture the hairpins, the nature of the S2-6, Influencing, supporting and maintaining our profession: manufacturing process and techniques, and the degree of specia- past, present and future, oral

176 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 MacMillan Douglas MADGWICK Richard Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, School of History and Archaeology, Cardiff University, Humanities Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, University of Kent. Canterbury, England, CT2 7SR, [email protected] Wales, [email protected]

Wild Deer – bellwethers for social change? Investigating the Potential of Holistic Taphonomic Analy- Wild deer have historically been a highly important game species sis in Zooarchaeological Research in social and economic terms and formal legislation, supported by complementary rules and practices, have existed in Britain for 1000 A thorough consideration of taphonomy is widely accepted as cri- years or more. This paper describes the co-evolution of wild deer tical to the interpretation of faunal assemblages. Processes, such management and society in British Isles and how proposed new as weathering, gnawing, trampling, abrasion, mould staining and measures to control the expanding population of wild deer might fracturing, have the potential to provide a wealth of information on precipitate major changes to the ownership and management of the treatment of different classes of faunal material and the depo- land for game. Employing a narrative analysis we link changes in sitional histories of assemblages. However, it remains rare that raw society with key legislative events and how together these changes data collection incorporates a comprehensive suite of taphonomic have impacted on deer numbers and led to current contemporary variables, especially outside of Palaeolithic archaeology. This is the debates about sustainable deer management. Our analysis conclu- result of many factors that hinder comprehensive taphonomic ana- des that current legislation is increasingly divergent from contem- lysis and subsequent interpretation, particularly the diverse range porary trends and has created inertia with respect to sustainable of biases affecting the rate and impact of different processes. To deer management. Furthermore we propose that new measures to explore the inherent susceptibilities of different classes of remains manage deer including the introduction of a legally-binding mana- (e.g. element/species) to modification, taphonomic analysis of a gement responsibility for wild deer might herald the demise of a large dataset (>37,000 identifiable fragments) from Bronze/Iron system of land ownership that has prevailed since Feudal times. Age sites in the UK has been undertaken. This aims to assess the value of different taphonomic indices for the reconstruction of S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral depositional histories, particularly in complex archaeological sites where stratigraphy is difficult to identify. With the benefit of a more 1 2 nuanced understanding of biases that affect modification, it may MADGWICK, Richard & MORRIS James be possible to reveal social practices pertaining to the treatment 1, Cardiff University, School of History and Archaeology, Humanities Building, Colum Drive, of different species at an inter and intra-site level. The potential of Cardiff. [email protected] this methodology for investigating Late Bronze Age middens of 2, Museum of London Archaeology, Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London , N1 7ED, UK. [email protected] southern Britain is reviewed. S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral Maintaining and Developing our Profession: An Early Ca- reer Perspective MAGNELL Ola This paper will review the present state of career structure, perso- Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00 Lund, nal development opportunities, training prospects and support Sweden, [email protected] networks for junior archaeozoologists and consider how these can be developed in the future. It will utilise data from two surveys of Climate change, wild game populations and hunting in commercial (developer funded) archaeozoologists in the United South Scandinavia during Early and Mid-Holocene Kingdom (UK) as well as the authors’ personal perspectives. The surveys were conducted in the first half of 2009, with 58 indi- Climate change due to global warming will affect the conditions viduals responding. They aimed to profile the commercial archaeo- for wild game populations in Scandinavia. Changes of geographi- zoological profession by gathering data on demographics, employ- cal distribution and abundance of different species are expected. A ment, work conditions and the challenges practitioners face (Morris way to understand how climate changes may affect wild game is 2010). The demographic data indicates archaeozoology is an ageing to study the past. The archaeozoological record from the Early and profession compared to archaeology as a whole, with the majority Mid-Holocene in South Scandinavia has been studied in order to of individuals becoming archaeozoologists later in life. Many of trace variations of wild game populations before, during and after the surveys’ participants suggested archaeozoology was a difficult the thermal maximum. The study deals with change of occurrence profession to enter with a limited and rarely straightforward career and body size (osteometrics) of ungulates (red deer, roe deer, Eu- path from student to professional. In many industries vocational ropean elk, aurochs and wild boar) from about 9,000-4,000 calBP training programmes bridge the gap between student and profes- in relation to other paleoenvironmental indicators. A decrease of sional, but due to time and money constraints, such initiatives are aurochs and European elk bones along with an increase of red deer rare in archaeology. Training often occurs via informal mentoring bones during the thermal optimum is probably linked to change of by a senior practitioner during the early stages of a career. However climate and vegetation. However, other variations in abundance la- small-scale training schemes and HLF funded internships have had ter on in Mid-Holocene cannot be explained by climate, but are ra- a positive impact on archaeozoologiy in the UK. ther explained by hunting pressure. Different species seem to have The survey data indicates a high proportion of junior professionals responded differently to climate change. A decrease in body size of are based within commercial archaeological units, with the poten- red deer can also be correlated with thermal maximum, but either tial for isolation from the rest of the profession. External support abundance or size of wild boar and roe deer could be correlated networks and peer group contacts are therefore crucial in profes- with change of climate and vegetation. S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, poster sional development. With ICAZ occurring every four years, there are infrequent specialist forums at which early career archaeozoo- logists can present and interact. As a result there is a danger that MAGNELL Ola the junior archaeozoological community could become disparate Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00 Lund, and this could have adverse affects on the discipline. To bridge this Sweden, [email protected] gap Cardiff University (with funding from the AHRC) created a new network in 2009, the Postgraduate Zoorarchaeology Forum, to pro- Weathering and diagenetic changes of wild boar bones in mote an integrated community and to provide an arena where re- five different environmental settings search can be presented in an informal setting. The benefits of this forum and its future potential are discussed. There are relatively few published studies of how bones are af- S2-6, Influencing, supporting and maintaining our profession: fected by weathering and diagenesis in different environments past, present and future, oral based on observation of present bones. Many experiments have

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 177 been dealt with bones of fish, birds and smaller mammals. It is well les murets en pierre sèche, les trous de poteau, les empierrements, known how bones from different environments look after several les fosses et d’autres éléments qui attestent une structuration de centuries and millennia, but how long does it takes for different dia- l’habitat associée à des activités domestiques. Deux sépultures pri- genetic changes to affect bones? In order to study weathering and maires, et plusieurs restes épars, appartenant à des individus diffé- diagenesis, long bones of subadult wild boar, were in 2002, placed rents retrouvés hors contexte sépulcral ont été mis à jours. in five different environmental settings; on the ground, buried in L’analyse archéozoologique de SHM-1 a permis de mettre en évi- sandy respectively clay soil, on a sea shore and a lake shore. The dence la présence d’une faune sauvage, principalement constituée taphonomic changes of the bones have since then on several oc- de bovidés, qui fournit l’apport carné majeur, associée à une exploi- casions been documented. Rate of decomposition of soft tissue, tation intensive de mollusques marins et à une consommation de degree of weathering, change of colour and texture of bones in the poissons, sparidés principalement, retrouvés dans tous les niveaux five different environmental settings will be presented and its im- d’occupation. Aucun reste ne peut être attribué avec certitude à plications for understanding the taphonomy of archaeozoological des mammifères domestiques, à l’exception de quelques restes de bone samples. canidés qui font leur apparition dans un niveau avancé de fréquen- S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral tation du site. Dans cette contribution, les données relatives aux variations obser- Mahanta Hari Chandra1 & ANJANA Sarmah2 vées au cours des différents niveaux d’occupation seront présen- tées, ainsi que des considérations sur la distribution spatiale des 1, Dibrugarh University, 786004, Dibrugarh, INDIA, [email protected] restes fauniques. Une première observation permet de souligner, 2, NLB City College, 786003, CR Building, Dibrugarh, INDIA, [email protected] par exemple, le poids économique croissant des bovidés sauvages The Garo Hills evidence for continuity and survival of dans les niveaux d’occupation les plus avancés, parallèlement avec hunting-gathering, fishing and farming traditions: an une baisse dans la consommation de poissons marins et lagunaires. Les tortues palustres représentées au début des occupations, dimi- ethno-archaeological study among the Garos of Megha- nuent très rapidement jusqu’à leur complète disparition vers la fin laya, Northeast India de l’occupation, dans les secteurs fouillés. S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, poster The Garo Hills of Meghalaya are situated between 25 9’ & 26 0’ N and 89 9’ & 91 2’ E. The discovery of Stone Age artifacts here dates back 4+ decades. Work so far has been on typological, technological & MAINI Elena & CURCI Antonio functional studies. Less emphasis has been placed on the economy ArcheoLaBio – Research Centre of Bioarchaeology – Department of Archaeology - University of of the people who used the artifacts. In the Garo Hills, and in Nor- Bologna, via S. Vitale 28-30, Ravenna. [email protected]; [email protected] theast India as a whole, preservation of organic materials is poor. A The food of dead: alimentary offerings from the necropo- humid climate, acidic soils, & heavy erosion in the hills caused by tree-felling are not congenial for preservation. Even stone tools & lis of Monterenzio Vecchio (Bologna - Italy) pottery are recovered mostly in weathered state. Thus an ethno-ar- The presence of animal bones within human graves might be often chaeological approach becomes a valuable tool for interpreting the due to aware ritual depositions of alimentary offerings for the dead. archaeological record. Here we describe the subsistence strategies Several ancient cultures manifested in fact mainly through food de- of the Garos, highlighting their life style and focusing on the survi- position within their burials the beliefs for a perpetuation also in val of prehistoric cultural traditions within a modern socio-cultural the next world of earthly life activities and necessities. framework. This research presents the methodological aspects and the results The Garos provide information on man-animal relationships. They of the archaeozoological analyses carried out on the 39 graves ex- subsist mainly on shifting cultivation, but production from shifting cavated so far in the Etruscan-Celtic necropolis of Monterenzio Vec- plots is not sufficient to sustain the population through the year. To chio (Bologna). The study of the animal bones remains has pointed compensate, they depend on hunting and fishing, gathering of fo- out a very high standardization of the meat portion preparatory rest foods and use of domestic animals & birds – mostly commonly practices and their laying down the graves. The meat portions re- cattle, goat, buffalo, pig, dog, duck, cock & hen. The dog is an im- sult always composed by a few adjoining ribs from a single juvenile portant hunting aid. Cattle are the major source of protein. Cattle, pig. The bone remains distribution, the lack of manifest stripping pig & cock play a significant role in funerary practices. The Garos traces on the surface and the evidence for meat cooking exclude a also hunt a variety of terrestrial, avian and aquatic animals. possible interpretation of these finds as refuses from an hypotheti- S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, cal funerary banquet. Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, poster The spatial and functional correlation between data from faunal and taphonomic analyses, the burials features and their relative MAINI Elena1, CURCI Antonio1, DRIDI Yosra2, good graves has stressed evident symbolic connotations related to AOUADI-ABDELJAOUAD Nabiha3 & the funerary ritual. The generalized presence in the graves of Mon- terenzio Vecchio of highly standardized alimentary offerings usual- 4 MULAZZANI Simone ly laid within the funerary pottery vessels seems so to demonstrate 1.ArcheoLaBio – Research Centre of Bioarchaeology – Department of Archaeology - University the existence of a well-determined “food of dead”. of Bologna, via S. Vitale 30, Ravenna, Italie. [email protected]; [email protected] S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster 2. ESEP, MMSH, Aix-en-Provence, France. [email protected] 3. Institut National du Patrimoine, Sidi Abid el Ghiriani, 3100, Kairouan, Tunisie. aouadi73@ 1,2 2 yahoo.fr Mainland Ingrid , Downes Jane , 4. Université de Paris 1 / CNRS UMR 7041 « Archéologie et Sciences de l’Antiquité », 21 Allée de 3 4 l’Université, 92023 Nanterre Cedex, France. [email protected] Mulville Jacqui & Ewens Vicki 1, University of Bradford, Division of Archaeological, Geographical and Environmental Sciences, Archéozoologie du site Epipaléolithique SHM-1 (Hergla, Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK. [email protected] Tunisie): analyses de la variabilité économique et de dis- 2, UHI Millennium Institute, Dept. of Archaeology, Orkney College, Kirkwall, Orkney, KW15 1LX, UK. [email protected]; [email protected] tribution dans les phases d’occupation 3, Cardiff University, School of History and Archaeology, Humanities Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK. [email protected] Le gisement de SHM-1 se situe sur le bord occidental du bassin mé- 4, University of Bradford, Division of Archaeological, Geographical and Environmental Sciences, ridional de la Sebkhet Halk el Menjel, l’une des lagunes côtières le Richmond Road, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK. [email protected], [email protected] long du golfe de Hammamet (Tunisie). Les fouilles planimétriques Sheep, wool and the Secondary Products Revolution in ont permis de mettre en évidence une série de plusieurs niveaux NW Europe d’occupation, datés au cours de l’Holocène ancien entre la moitié du VIIème et la moitié du VIème millénaire cal BC. Les niveaux sont carac- The transition to an ‘Age of Sheep’ (Albarella 2007) in Northern Eu- térisés par des restes structurels comme en témoignent les foyers, rope from a primarily cattle and pig based economy in the Neolithic

178 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 to an emphasis upon sheep in the Bronze and Iron Ages is well- MAKAREWICZ Cheryl documented, yet the economic and social reasons for this change Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel, Johanna Mestorf have received little attention. These periods are also associated with Straße, D-24098 Kiel, [email protected] a range of radical changes to landscape organisation and material culture which we suggest may be a direct result of intensification in Isolating winter pasturage systems in the nitrogen (δ15N) sheep husbandry for fleece and wool exploitation. Archaeozoolo- isotopes of plant graze and caprine dentin collagen gists have rarely looked beyond their faunal assemblages to consi- der how changes in sheep husbandry might relate to the material Pastoralists maintain the overall health their herd animals during record, and many are content to describe the rearing of sheep as the winter months through use of a variety of animal management generalised, focusing on both primary (meat) and secondary (wool, strategies. Supplementation of the animal diet is a particularly dung) products. There is therefore a poor understanding of the uti- important and flexible husbandry practice that maintains animal lisation and modification of the landscape relating to agricultural body condition during periods of graze depletion. Winter pastur- practices and sheep husbandry in later prehistory. A series of case age, the practice of reserving graze in specific pastures for seasonal studies drawn from the Northern and Western Isles of Scotland will use by livestock during months when natural graze is depleted, is be presented which indicate that wool production is probably un- an indispensable husbandry strategy and dietary resource essential der-represented zooarchaeologically. This paper will then go onto to animal survival and herd regeneration. Despite the fundamen- explore the extent to which traditional approaches to the identifi- tal role of winter pasturage in preserving the subsistence base of cation of the utilisation of wool within zooarchaeology can be aug- pastoralists, identifying the use winter pasturage systems by herd- mented by combining artefactual and architectural evidence and ers and their animal domesticates has not yet been explored in the by the use of novel techniques for understanding sheep husbandry zooarchaeological or isotopic records. Here, the nitrogen isotopic 15 such as isotopes and genetics. (δ N) composition of plant graze from winter and summer pastures are examined, as well as incrementally sampled tooth dentin from S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, oral modern caprines managed under a traditional pastoralist herding regime and feeding seasonally in reserved pastures. These data, MAITA Patricia as well as isotopic data from archaeological caprines, are used to Museo Nacional de Arqueología, Antropología e Historia del Perú. Plaza Bolívar s/n Pueblo investigate the emergence and evolution of winter pasturing sys- Libre. antropologí[email protected] , [email protected] tems in pastoral nomadic societies. S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: Herds of camelids of the Wari Empire (AD 550–1000) in integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral the Peruvian Andes Makowiecki Daniel From the department of Ayacucho, Peru, Wari Empire controlled Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Szosa Bydgoska 44/48, 87-100 Torun, much of the central Andes during the Middle Horizon (AD 550– Poland. 1000), through the establishment of administrative centers in dif- [email protected] ferent ecological zones. The osteological analysis of the camelids recovered from excavations at the Wari Capital and the administra- Archaeozoological and ethnohistorical data on milk pro- tive center of Conchopata, indicate different handling of herds of duction in Polish Lowland during Prehistoric and Historic camelids. Herds can be identified specialized for caravans; a group times for the ritual and other ones was selected for obtaining meat. The cattle of the temple are metrically different from the herds for Milk is regarded as a basic food product in prehistoric and early meat. Small sizes camelids predominate in the Wari Capital, while historic agricultural societies settled Polish Lowland. It seems to be the administrative center is characterized by large sizes camelids obvious fact because among animal bone assemblages presence of cattle, sheep and goat are common components in animal lists. with physical evidence linked to long journeys of the caravans. S2-3, Empires, poster Moreover, females of the mentioned species have natural ability produce of milk. On the other hand no really archaeozoological 1 2 data were used for more detailed analysis on milk production trou- MAITA Patricia & CASARETO Dante gh time. So far, data related to age distribution, sex composition 1. Museo Nacional de Arqueologia, Antropología e Historia del Perú. Plaza Bolívar s/n Pueblo and body size of cattle seep and goat were collected by the author Libre. antropologí[email protected]; [email protected] 2. Instituto Nacional de Cultura. Av. Javier Prado Este 2465. San Borja, Lima 41. dantecasareto@ in different parts of Polish Lowland. They have reviled some trends, hotmail.com which will be used for consideration dairying practices of the men- tioned species in Neolithic, Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Medieval Offering animals before human sacrifice: Sequence of sa- and Post-Medieval times. Some archaeological finds and ethnohis- crifice and burial of Condor (Vultur gryphus) and torical records supporting interpretation of archaeozoological data will be presented as wall. (Lama glama) in Cajamarquilla, Ancient Peru S3-3. The development and specialization of dairying practices, poster The analysis of faunal remains associated with human sacrifice found at the top of Tello Pyramid in Cajamarquilla, Peru, has provi- MALDRE Liina ded data for reconstruction of ritual sacrifice. Analysis and tapho- Institute of History, Tallinn University; Rüütli 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia nomic record indicates that the llama was sacrificed before. The [email protected] ritual involved the decomposition of the body with environmental th exposure. The condor was sacrificed later, perhaps shortly before Archaeozoological material from 7 century boat-grave the human sacrifice. Finished the sacrifices, all the bodies were ex- in Salme, Estonia posed to the weather at the top of the pyramid. In September 2008, an illuminated cycle track was being built in The llama was offered in parts, some anatomical parts were cut, Estonia, in Salme village, island Saaremaa. While an electrical cable others were dismembered easily because decomposition of the trench was being dug for the lighting of the track, a large number animal. Parts of the llama have been found either in burrows or on of human bones and some artefacts were found. In course of the surface, while the condor was placed entirely in a hole. archaeological excavations, remains of a boat from the 7th century The sacrifice of the condor as part of funeral rites is unusual, as this were revealed. The archaeozoological analyses indicated mainly bird is considered sacred in the mythology of the Andes. the remains of domesticated animals: bovine (Bos taurus), sheep S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster (Ovis aries), goat (Capra hircus) and pig (Sus scrofa domestica), but

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 179 also bird bones were present. No complete skeletons of animals vealed assemblages that are atypical of most Iron Age assemblages were found, only the parts of skeletons, which indicated that the from Britain in having unusually high percentages of pig and do- hashed carcasses were placed into the boat. Among the finds from mestic fowl and some evidence for the exploitation of fish. It has Salme, there were 71 gaming pieces and minimum 2 dices. 21 ga- recently been possible to re-examine the important assemblage ming pieces are made from cattle femur heads, 50 gaming pieces from Skeleton Green supplemented with analysis of previously from whalebone. unexamined material from other sites in the Braughing complex. In S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral addition to confirming previous results, this research has provided new information regarding species representation, mortality profi- MALLYE Jean-Baptiste1, les and carcass processing methods that are also atypical of British 1 Iron Age assemblages. This paper will consider these results in the BOUDADI-MALIGNE Myriam , context of investigating the impact of contacts with the continent 2 3 COSTAMAGNO Sandrine , MOURRE Vincent , and the Roman Empire in the period prior to the Roman conquest PRUCCA Audrey4, THIEBAUT Céline1 & of Britain in AD43. The paper will consider whether some of the 1 changes in animal exploitation, diet and cuisine that became es- LAROULANDIE Véronique tablished in the post-conquest period had antecedents in the pre- 1, Université Bordeaux 1, PACEA, UMR5199 Avenue des Facultés, 33405, Talence cedex France. conquest period in south-east England. [email protected], [email protected], c.thiebaut@ wanadoo.fr, [email protected] 2, CNRS. TRACES, UMR 5608, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées A. Machado, 31058, Toulouse S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: cedex 9, France., [email protected] archaeozoological evidence, oral 3, UMR 5608 - TRACES et Inrap - Direction Interrégionale Méditerranée, 561, rue Étienne Lenoir - KM Delta, 30900 Nîmes, France, [email protected] 4, Les loups du Gévaudan, Sainte-Lucie, 48100 Saint-Léger-de-Peyre, France, audreyprucca@ MALTBY Mark hotmail.fr School of Conservation Sciences, Bournemouth University, UK. [email protected] La faune de la grotte du Noisetier (Fréchet-Aure, Hautes- Zooarchaeology and the study of towns Pyrénées): une histoire taphonomique complexe During the last 30 years, many animal bones assemblages from La grotte du Noisetier a livré une séquence sédimentaire mise en towns have been examined. This paper reviews whether, and in place durant le MIS 3 et renfermant des industries moustériennes what ways, these studies have contributed to our understanding associées à de nombreux vestiges osseux. Le spectre faunique est of urban archaeology and whether zooarchaeological studies have largement dominé par les ongulés de montagne (isard, bouquetin), been successfully integrated with other branches of archaeology. suivis par le cerf. Une première étude taphonomique a mis en évi- By using examples from Britain and Russia, it will be shown that dence la présence de deux stocks osseux d’origines distinctes. Le progress over the last three decades has been patchy. In some cases premier, dominé par le cerf et le bouquetin, est clairement d’ori- zooarchaeology has been fully embraced within broader research gine anthropique. Pour le second, constitué majoritairement d’os into the development, functions and nature of towns. However, in d’isard, l’hypothèse d’une accumulation par le gypaète barbu (Gy- other cases, faunal remains have broader interpretations of urban paetus barbatus) a été avancée (Costamagno et al. 2008). La pour- settlements. Too often studies of animal bones from towns are res- suite de l’étude a révélé la présence de plusieurs dizaines de restes tricted to very basic summaries, fulfilling the requirements of post- de cuon (Cuon alpinus). Ces derniers sont représentés par des restes excavation studies in a commercial environment, but doing little to osseux et surtout par des restes dentaires, tant d’adultes que de advance the discipline or further our understanding of towns. With jeunes. L’identification de dents lactéales présentant une forte ré- a few notable exceptions, zooarchaeologists have not been at the sorption radiculaire démontre que de jeunes cuons ont fréquenté forefront of advancing knowledge in urban archaeology. This pa- la cavité. Les observations éthologiques actuelles indiquent que le per will conclude with suggestions of how urban zooarchaeology cuon ne rapporte pas de carcasses entières à son gîte, les jeunes could be improved in the future by making better use of restricted étant d’abord nourris par régurgitation des produits de la chasse resources to target research questions of relevance to broader ur- puis, lorsqu’ils sont plus âgés, emmenés sur les lieux d’abattage. Le ban archaeological studies. matériel osseux susceptible d’être introduit par les cuons se limite S2-6, Influencing, supporting and maintaining our profession: ainsi à quelques fragments osseux et/ou dentaires de petites di- past, present and future, oral mensions, accumulés via les éléments régurgités ou les fèces. Dans le cas de la grotte du Noisetier, les nouvelles analyses soulèvent la question de la part relative de chaque prédateur dans l’accumula- Manjil Hazarika tion des assemblages osseux dans la mesure où certains éléments Faculty of Arts, Leiden University, The Netherlands, [email protected] confirment une contribution du gypaète barbu. Shells and Insects as Food Resource: Ethnographic Evi- Costamagno, S., Robert, I., Laroulandie, V., Mourre, V. & Thiebaut, C. dences from Northeast India 2008 Role du gypaete barbu (Gypaetus barbatus) dans la constitu- Subsistence of many of the indigenous tribal groups of India’s nor- tion de l’assemblage osseux de la grotte du Noisetier (Frechet-Aure, theast is supplemented by gathering shells and insects beside agri- Hautes-Pyrenees, France). Annales de Paleontologie 94: 245-265. S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral culture. Insects such as silkworms, red tree ants (Dyrolus arientalis), giant water bugs (Lethocerus grandis), termites (Odontotermes obe- sus), bees (Apis indica), wasps (Vespa sp.), water scavenger beetle MALTBY Mark (Agabetes acuductus), grasshopper etc. are consumed as raw or boi- Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, BH12 5BB, Bournemouth, UK, led, which serve a balancing diet with vitamins, minerals, proteins [email protected] etc. Again, many of these insects or their products are used in trea- ting various kinds of ailments. Understanding present exploitation The iron age-roman transition in south-east england: the strategies of these wild food resources are important as they indi- evidence from braughing cate man and environmental relationship and useful for drawing parallels for the past cultures and understanding palaeo-ecological The settlement complex at Braughing, Hertfordshire, south-east background of a particular region. Our recent field explorations England, was an important trading centre during the Late Iron Age. among the Bodos, Mishings and Tai Ahoms of Brahmaputra valley, Various excavations have produced extensive evidence of imports who consume large varieties of aquatic food resources, reveal in- from Roman-occupied Gaul during the period between 30BC and teresting evidences of collecting, processing and consuming diffe- AD20. Previous analyses of animal bones from Braughing have re- rent varieties of shells, abundant in this region. There is however

180 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 no direct archaeological evidence of exploitation of shells in Nor- respect. The paper will debate how changes in animal exploitation theast India. In the present paper, we attempt at documenting and in the European Neolithic, including secondary uses and products, understanding the processes of exploitation of shells and insects can be interred from faunal remains using a range of new metho- which may further provide clues on the adoptive strategies of early dologies in faunal studies. Methods applied in these studies range humans in archaeological context of the sub-tropical zone. from now classic analysis of mortality profiles through species and S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - Shell middens body part representation, taphonomy, and horizontal distribution and shells as a food resource, oral of faunal remains in relation to other categories of archaeological data. These multiple lines of evidence are applied to contextually MANNERMAA Kristiina different features/parts of the studied settlements. The paper will Institute of Cultural Research, Department of Archaeology, PO Box 59, 00014 University of then discuss a potential of the new methodologies to spatially and Helsinki. [email protected] chronologically contextualize the Secondary Products Revolution in selected areas of the Neolithic occupation. Birds in Neolithic and Mesolithic graves in Northern Eu- S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, oral rope MARÍN ARROYO Ana B. Bird bones and artefacts made of bird bones have been regularly Leverhulme Centre for Human, Evolutionary Studies, Univ. of Cambridge, CB2 1QH Cambridge, found in Mesolithic and Neolithic graves in Northern Europe. In U.K. [email protected] this paper I discuss bird bones found in graves at three Stone Age cemeteries: Zvejnieki in Latvia, Ajvide on Gotland, Sweden, and The role of old Mount Carmel sites in our understanding Yuzhniy Oleniy ostrov in Russian Karelia. The main purpose is to of human evolution discuss the different roles which birds have played in the burial practices of these sites. My study reveals that birds’ bones were of- Since the discovery of the first signs of cohabitation (or at least al- ten fashioned to beads and pendants or amulets, and used in the ternating habitation) between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens in decoration of bodies or dresses of the dead. Unmodified bird bones the Levant during MIS 5, this region became a key area in unders- were deposited in graves, probably as some kind of magical objects tanding the ability of human species to cope with environmental or depictions of important animals. Especially the wings of water changes and different competitive scenarios. In fact, there is still birds were common, and so also important in burial practices in no agreement on reasons as to why Anatomically Modern Humans the Stone Age. The jay (Garrulus glandarius) has probably been a (AMH) failed to spread beyond this area in their first attempt to lea- totem bird for Middle Neolithic group of people in Northern Latvia ve Africa, finally being displaced by Neanderthals during MIS 4. This and their wings were put in three graves at Zvejnieki. Birds of prey withdrawal was followed by an extended period of archaic domi- are not common in Stone Age burials. The exception to this is the nation of the region until a rapid and successful expansion during Mesolithic Yuzhniy Oleniy ostrov cemetery where the osprey (Pan- MIS 3 led to the definitive replacement of Neanderthals not only in dion haliaetus) and the white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) the Levant, but progressively throughout Eurasia. Economic subsis- are relatively numerous. tence has usually been thought to play a major role in this interspe- S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral cies dilemma and therefore zooarchaeological studies have had an increasing importance in this field. Fortunately, the faunal record of MANNING Kat & MACDONALD Kevin. C. the Near East is large and variable, enabling us to extract valuable UCL Institute of Archaeology, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, United Kingdom. kat_ information about the socio-economical behaviour of both species [email protected]; [email protected] and their adaptation to different climatic and environmental episo- des. However, the procedures applied in excavations conducted in First Herders in the Tilemsi Valley and the Gourma (c.2500 the early part of the last century, the same excavations responsible – 2000 BC) for the current relevance of the region, resulted in a clearly biased record. In addition, most of these sites were only studied from a The timing and process of the spread of cattle into sub-Saharan palaeontological point of view, lacking any taphonomical procedu- West Africa is continually being refined as more data becomes res. Not surprisingly, many scholars consider now that these sites available and older data is reviewed. Recent discoveries in the are almost unreliable and see little use in restudying their assem- Lower Tilemsi Valley suggest that cattle were the central econo- blages. Being aware of these limitations, we consider that the ta- mic resource with possible ideological significance by the mid-3rd phonomical study of the macromammal remains from Tabun, Skhul millennium BC. Re-analysis of the faunal remains from Windé Koroji and El Wad is still viable and could encourage other researchers to Ouest in the southern Gourma, furthermore, confirms a southward reconsider the information they have at hand. Here, we present the displacement of the Lower Tilemsi herders, introducing aspects of results of these assemblages in terms of human diet changes due their material culture and economic practice by the start of the 2nd to adaptive strategies and compare them through time and space millennium BC. This paper will present the osteological evidence with other sites with complete zooarchaeological records in the for domestic cattle in the Lower Tilemsi Valley and southern Gour- area, such as Kebara, Amud and Hayonim, allowing the formulation ma, and discuss the significance of these findings in the context of of a hypothesis on what may have happened between MIS 5 and other faunal and botanical remains at these sites. It will be argued MIS 3 in this fascinating region. that the earliest herders of the Tilemsi and the Gourma were highly S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages generalized in their subsistence regime, incorporating hunting, (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral fishing and the cultivation of domestic millet within their pastoral economy. MARÍN Ana Belén1 & MARGALIDA Antoni2 S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, oral 1, Leverhulme Centre for Human, Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QH Cambridge, UK; [email protected] 2, Bearded Vulture Study and Protection Group. Apdo. 43, 25520 El Pont de Suert, Lleida, Spain, Marciniak Arkadiusz [email protected] University of Poznan, Institute of Prehistory, Poznan, PL ([email protected]) Bearded vulture as a bone accumulator: a new taphono- The Secondary Products Revolution – new methodolo- mical agent gies in pursuit of an old concept In addition to the human groups, other biological agents such as Most arguments on the origins of secondary products exploitation carnivores, rodents or birds are significant bone accumulators in in seminal works of Andrew Sherratt ignored animal bones assem- caves and rock shelters. One of these non-human biological agents blages, which appear to be the most relevant data category in this is the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus). Between 70% and 90%

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 181 of its diet is bones accumulated in nests (constructed on limestone l’abri Romaní, caractérisés surtout par l’apport du cheval et du cerf– cliffs) and ossuaries (bone-breaking sites). Nevertheless, this bird of et de l’Aurignacien –à la grotte de l’Arbreda, caractérisés par l’abon- prey does not break the bones exclusively for marrow consumption dance du lapin. as has been suggested, but breakage is also used to reduce bone On peut conclure qu’avec l’arrivée du Paléolithique supérieur il y size and facilitate swallowing. Their identification as a new tapho- a exploitation beaucoup plus intense des lagomorphes et une ex- nomic agent is quite recent. Therefore, we consider that an unders- ploitation des oiseaux. tanding of its bone alterations and anatomical profiles is essential S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster for its identification as an agent. In this communication, therefore, we present the preliminary results of the evolution of the bearded MARSHALL Fiona1, ASA Cheryl2, ALHAIQUE vulture’s nutritional preferences from prehistory to the present in 1 1 the Iberian Peninsula. At the same time, we show the type of bone Francesca & WEISSBROD Lior breakage and digestive marks made by this bird. The misidentifica- 1. Washington University in St Louis, Department of Anthropology, Box 1114, One Brookings tion of these alterations could be attributed to other taphonomical Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, USA, [email protected] 2. St Louis Zoo, 1 Government Drive, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. agents, including humans. Finally, several examples are presented of paleontological and archaeological sites where evidence of the Asses in Africa: Identification and impact presence of these birds has been identified. S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral Donkeys are always rare in archaeological sites, but their domes- tication had significant impacts for the development of mobile Markova Anastasia1 & African pastoralism, farming strategies, and African trade routes. A van Kolfschoten Thijs2 new data base of measurements of African wild ass and analyses of long bones from Abydos provides information on distinctions, or 1, Institute of Geography of Russian Academy of Science Staromonetny 29, 119017, Moscow, lack thereof, between African wild ass and early domestic donkey. Russia, [email protected] 2, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University; P.O. Box 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, Data from Jebel Gharbi in are the first to document a focus [email protected] on hunting of African wild ass, c. 16,000 bp. Ongoing ethological Reconstructions of Late Pleistocene mammal assembla- and ethnoarchaeological research on captive E. africanus and Maa- sai donkey herds sheds light on the intersection between animal ges of Europe: approaches, results behavior, hunting, management and domestication processes. The zoogeographical reconstructions were performed as a part These results provide new perspectives on long-term human rela- of NWO-RFBS project; they are partly based on results of previous tions with wild ass and donkeys in Africa and demonstrate the need studies of the Late Pleistocene – Holocene mammal sites united in for new zooarchaeological approaches to the study of equids from the PALEOFAUNA database for the European territory. The database African archaeological sites. includes more than 400 14C-dated localities. A number of mathema- S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, oral tical approaches was used in the analysis (Puzachenko, 2008). Mam- mal communities have been identified for six chronological intervals. Marshall Fiona The mammal assemblages related to the last glaciation had a unique Washington University in St Louis, Department of Anthropology, Box 1114, One Brookings structure and included animals which now inhabit different natural Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, USA, [email protected] zones. As no continuous forest zone existed at that time, steppe ani- mals could penetrate to the north and west in Europe. Due to cooling Domestication, selection and African wild ass: Joker in effect of the Late Valdai (=Weichselian) ice sheet, typical tundra spe- the pack? cies were able to reach as far south as 48°N. Some forest species sur- New morphometric data confirm that ten early dynastic asses buried vived in refugia, related to river valleys, mountains and uplands. The at Abydos in Egypt closely resemble E. africanus in long-bone propor- species composition of localities reveals non-analogous, ‘mixed’ fau- tions. On the basis of pathologies reflecting load-carrying, however, nas. A different picture was reconstructed for Early Holocene, when these animals were domestic asses (Rossel et al 2008). These findings the zonal position of mammal assemblages began to form. S1-4, New developments in biogeography, oral have significant implications for donkey domestication processes, indicating slow phenotypic and perhaps genetic change. This pre- MAROTO Julià1, ROSELL Jordi2, sents challenges for identification of early domestic donkeys and 3 2 suggests that current biogeographic boundaries for African wild ass Lluís LLOVERAS , Ruth BLASCO , are likely to have been influenced by morphological identification of Cristina FERNÁNDEZ-LASO2, early donkeys as African wild ass in Africa and western Asia. Results of Joana GABUCIO2, Lluís GARCIA4, ongoing ethnoarchaeological and ethological research demonstrate why the behavior of African wild ass and management of donkeys 1 1 Joaquim SOLER , Narcís SOLER & in small scale societies, is not likely to lead to rapid selection for do- Eudald CARBONEL2 mestic traits. Use of donkeys for transport and resultant male:female ratios and long-distance travel are significant factors affecting selec- 1, Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat de Girona, plaça Ferrater i Mora, 1, E-17071 Girona. julia. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] tion processes and phylogeography. 2, IPHES (Unitat Associada al CSIC) - Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, avinguda S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster Catalunya, 35, E-43002 Tarragona. [email protected]; [email protected]; cfernan@prehistoria. urv.cat; [email protected]; [email protected] 1 3, SERP, Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Montalegre, 6-8, E-08001 Barcelona. [email protected] MARTIN Fabiana María , PREVOSTI 4, c/ Espolsasacs, 4, 3r, 1a, E-08002 Barcelona. [email protected] Francisco2, SAN ROMAN Manuel1, MORELLO Changement dans les stratégies de subsistance entre les Flavia1,3 & BORRERO Luis Alberto4 derniers Néandertaliens et les premiers hommes moder- 1, Fundación CEQUA. Av Bulnes 01890, Casilla 737, Punta Arenas, Chile, [email protected], nes en Catalogne [email protected] 2, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales «Bernardino Rivadavia» – CONICET. Av. Angel Gallardo 470 - La Catalogne est une des régions d’Europe Occidentale où l’on C1405DJR - Buenos Aires – Argentina. [email protected] 3, Centro de Estudios del Hombre Austral, UMAG. Av. Bulnes, 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile,flavia. peut constater le changement culturel entre la culture des derniers [email protected] Néandertaliens (Moustérien, Paléolithique moyen) et celle des pre- 4, CONICET-IMHICIHU. Saavedra 15, Piso 5, (1083) Buenos Aires , Argentina, [email protected] miers hommes modernes (Aurignacien, Paléolithique supérieur). Par contre, le changement dans l’exploitation de la faune est très Implicancias arqueológicas del estudio tafonómico de difficile à observer. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons choisi una madriguera de carnívoros pleistocena en Patagonia de comparer les niveaux les plus anthropiques du Moustérien –à Meridional, Chile

182 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 Cueva del Puma, localizada en la región volcánica de Pali-Aike, The results demonstrated that both species were present in Carib- Chile, es una gran cueva endógena cuyas características han resul- bean since Saladoid times (500 BC) without human intervention. tado ideales para el uso de la misma por carnívoros a lo largo de The Pre-Columbian didn’t over-hunt reptiles and they used to be por lo menos 11,500 años. La mínima presencia humana registrada opportunistic in tracking these animals. sugiere un uso efímero, probablemente circunstancial. El registro These results conduced to a current question: why the Iguana faunístico se caracteriza tanto por la presencia de fauna moderna delicatissima is disappearing from the Lesser Antilles in the present nativa y exótica como por fauna extinta. Dentro de esta última se time? We suppose that human action of deforestation could have destaca la presencia de tarijense, Panthera onca me- a deeper impact on the I. delicatissima populations than “invasive” sembrina, Dusicyon avus, Hippidion saldiasi y Mylodontinae, entre Iguana iguana populations. otros. En este trabajo se presenta la caracterización tafonómica de S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster los conjuntos faunísticos, así como las implicancias paleocológicas derivadas. Se presenta asimismo nueva información cronológica MARTÍNEZ-LIRA Patricia1, O´CONNOR Terry1 que permite ampliar la discusión acerca del escenario en que se 2 instalaron los primeros humanos que ocuparon Patagonia Merio- & ARROYO-CABRALES Joaquín dional. Esta información se discutirá comparativamente con la evi- 1. University of York, UNITED KINGDOM. [email protected]; [email protected] dencia humana temprana conocida para esta área, como la obte- 2. Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, Subdirección de Laboratorios y Apoyo Académico, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Moneda # 16, Col. Centro, 06060 México, D. F., MÉXICO nida en , cueva de los Chingues y Pali-Aike. [email protected] S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral Canid burials from La Playa archaeological site, Sonora, MARTIN Louise Mexico Institute of Archaeology, University College London, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H OPY, UK. [email protected] The canid remains were recovered in the La Playa archaeological site, located in northwestern Mexico. The sample is constituted by Neolithic cattle ritual in Southern Arabia: zooarchaeolo- 36 canids, which pertain to the Late Archaic/Early Agriculture pe- gical and landscape approaches riod (1500/1200 BC-Ad 150). Measurements of wolf, dog, and coyo- te modern skeletons were taken from the reference collections in The Neolithic site of Kheshiya in the highland southern Jol moun- Mexico and Arizona. These measurements were compared to the tains of Southern Arabia is as yet unique in the region for producing archaeological sample using the log-ratio technique to identify dif- a buried ring of over 40 cattle skulls, seemingly pressed into soft ferent species. Identification of canid bone remains revealed that mud, noses-down with horns raised above ground, often inter- not only domestic species such as the dog were represented at bu- locking with adjacent skulls. This highly unusual type of deposit rials, but also there were wild species, such as coyote. Through the is perhaps even more intriguing in that no other animal remains morphometric analysis two dog sizes were determined for such pe- were found on the site, and no other body parts of cattle. The cattle riod. Since the morphological analysis on the crania from La Playa’s ring, thus serves more as an installation, or a monument to ritual/ dogs reflected a similarity, the different sizes could be attributed to ceremonial events at the site, than providing direct evidence for variations within the same morphological type of dog. consumption activities. The canid burials of La Playa, located in the same area where hu- The aims of this paper are to use detailed taphonomic and zooar- mans were found, do not present a specific mortuary pattern: in chaeological analyses (including bone surface modifications, mor- general terms the positions are left or right lateral side, sometimes phometrics, cull patterns) contextualised with local settlement pat- with the cranium oriented to the north, other times oriented to the tern and palaeoenvironmental evidence, to discuss i) what this type south. Burials may be found individually or in a multiple fashion. of site represents in a landscape where mobile pastoralists have left The fact that canids had a mortuary treatment similar to humans relatively few traces; ii) what role such a site may have in exploring shows they may have held an important role and an essential mea- issues of territoriality and exchange; iii) why cattle are particularly ning for La Playa inhabitants with respect to the animals found at symbolically salient in this Neolithic context. the site. S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster bringing methodology to bear on social questions, oral

MARTIN Marie-Alice, GROUARD Sandrine & MARTÍNEZ-POLANCO María Fernanda Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cr 50 B # 66-50 P1, Bogotá, BAILON Salvador Colombia mfmartinezp@ unal.edu.co / [email protected] UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected]; Un enfoque osteométrico para diferenciar Odocoileus [email protected]; [email protected] virginianus de Mazama sp. en muestras arqueofaunísti- The Iguanas of the pre-Columbian Caribbean islands: hu- cas de la Sabana de Bogotá man subsistence and palaeo ecology En la Sabana de Bogotá (Colombia), las ocupaciones humanas han This study presents a faunal remains analysis from several pre-Co- sido reportadas desde finales del pleistoceno, aproximadamente lumbian occupations dated between 500 BC and 1500 AD, through hace 12.000 años. El periodo paleoindio o precerámico en esta área the Caribbean, and principally the French Lesser Antilles. The intent finaliza hace alrededor de 3.000 años. En todos los yacimientos ex- is a better understanding of the subsistence behaviour of these cavados de este periodo, el venado de cola blanca (Odocoileus vir- societies and their cultural chronological variations. Indeed, their ginianus) ha sido la especie más frecuente y más representativa. Sin marine and terrestrial subsistence behaviour had already been embargo, esta no es la única especie de cérvido presente en el re- studied. Within the vertebrate (over 350000 remains), the Reptiles gistro arqueológico de la Sabana. El venado pequeño (Mazama sp.) represent 5% of the remains and they aren’t well known. The pur- suele encontrarse esporádicamente en las muestras arqueofaunís- pose of this paper is a re-examination of the iguanas (Iguanidae, ticas. Usualmente el criterio más utilizado para diferenciar los ele- Iguaninae) from these sites with the Muséum national d’Histoire mentos óseos arqueológicos de cérvidos es el tamaño, aunque no naturelle osteological collections. se ha profundizado en el estudio de las tallas de estos animales en Osteological criteria were observed for two species: Iguana iguana el pasado. El propósito de este poster es utilizar un enfoque osteo- and Iguana delicatissima. The combination of meat supply estima- métrico para diferenciar los dos géneros de cérvidos presentes en tion from each anatomical parts, biometry, and taphonomical ob- la Sabana de Bogotá. Para tal fin se utilizaran esqueletos completos servations, provided deductions on the hunting and cooking be- de referencia actuales, se medirán aquellos elementos óseos con haviour. mayor posibilidad de ser encontrados en el registro arqueológico

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 183 y se pondrá a prueba el modelo con muestras arqueológicas del The Zooarchaeology of Sanak Island, Alaska: Integrating precerámico en donde es frecuente encontrar los dos géneros. Se Climate, Marine Productivity, and the Technologies of espera proponer una guía osteométrica útil para la determinación Complex Forager Economic Systems de material arqueológico. The Sanak Island Biocomplexity Project focused on two primary S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral areas of investigation: the role of human harvesting in the struc- ture of the eastern Aleutian Island ecosystem and conversely, the MARTÍNEZ-POLANCO, María Fernanda1, effects of climate change and variations in marine productivity on 2 3 human population, social organization, and regional interactions. MONTENEGRO, Olga & PEÑA, Germán A. Over 115000 faunal elements and 163 kilograms of shellfish were analyzed from 33 village sites spanning the last 4600 years. Stable , Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Cr 50 B # 66-50 P1, Bogotá, Colombia mfmartinezp@ unal.edu.co / [email protected] isotope analyses, paleoclimatic reconstructions, village mapping, 2, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia 158 AMS dates, and artifact analyses supplement the zooarchaeo- 3 , Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia [email protected] logical data. Analyses show a correlation between the presence of shell middens and cooler and stormier climatic regimes, that hu- White-tailed deer hunting in Aguazuque: A Late paleoin- man population densities are influenced by marine productivity, dian site at the Sabana de Bogotá, Colombia and that the harvesting of sea mammals and diet breadth is in- fluenced by both marine productivity and changes in technology. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) was the most consumed We further identified a number of complex interactions between animal species by pre-Hispanic groups inhabiting Sabana de Bo- human harvesting and the ecologies of certain species. Tied closely gotá (Colombia), from hunter-gatherers to farmer-pottery making to these findings, stable isotope data indicate that overall marine groups. White-tailed deer is at present locally extinct at the Sabana productivity has been variable, potentially a product of changing de Bogota, remaining unknown how this extinction process oc- sea surface temperatures and marine upwelling events. Develo- curred. The purpose of this paper is to examine white-tailed deer pments in harvesting technologies, particularly harpoon systems hunting as a subsistence strategy that lasted throughout the oc- and hypothesized changes in boat technologies, create a complex cupation of the archaeological site Aguazuque (5025-2725 B.P.) system of climate, resources, and human adaptive strategies. at the Sabana de Bogotá. To determine changes through time on S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral white-tailed deer hunting patterns, the archaeological sample from Aguazuque was examined in terms of white-tailed deer rela- MASHKOUR Marjan1, OMRANI tive abundance, age class distribution, sex ratio and size changes. 2 3 Results show that people at Aguazuque did not completely rely on REKAVANDI Hamid , SAUER Eberhard , white-tailed deer, since other species were also significantly consu- NOKANDEH Jebrael4 & ABBASSI Ghorban Ali 2 med. Through time, there was not an increase in game diversity but 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : rather an intensification of white-tailed deer hunting. The evidence sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] suggests that harvest of white-tailed deer focused mainly on adult 2, ICHHTO Iranian Cultural Heritage Handicraft and Tourism Organisation homrani1347@ yahoo.com and [email protected] animals, of both sexes. There were not changes in white-tailed deer 3, School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, William Robertson size during Aguazuque occupation. Building, 50 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JY [email protected] 4, University of Berlin, [email protected] S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, poster Feeding the Sasanian army along the Gorgan Wall Masala Stefano During the 5th or early 6th century AD a gigantic project was un- dertaken, possibly by the Sasanian king Pirouz. A wall of over 195 University of Sassari, G. Marconi traversa a nr. 1, 07041, Alghero, ITALY, [email protected] km length was built, almost certainly against the Sasanian Empire’s The bone remains of the prepalatial levels of festos northern neighbours, the White Huns. The wall protected the fertile Gorgan Plain and stretched from the Caspian Sea shores in the west (Crete) to the Elburz Mountains in the east (well beyond modern Gonbad Qabus). This wall was part of a defensive system, which included a The 4257 bone fragments forming this sample originate from considerable number of forts and large campaign bases. Sections some prepalatial levels of the Minoan Palace of Festos. The dates of the wall and some of these forts have been explored via survey of the stratigraphical unities have allowed us to divide the bone and excavation in the 1970s and from 1999 to 2005 by Iranian ar- layers in two groups: the one dated to Late Neolithic and the other chaeologists and since 2005 by a joint team. one referable to the chronological context named Early Minoan The paper will summarise the analysis of the archaeozoological (bronze age). This study shows the comparison among these two finds from these excavations, in comparison with other assembla- osteological samples and reveals differences and analogies. From ges from the region. It will provide the first insights into the pro- a faunal association nearly equivalent which is formed mainly by curement strategies of military sites during the Sasanian period in few domestic species, some differences concerning the death age, North-Eastern Iran. So far, the assemblage is unique. There is no morphology, NISP and NMI percentages can be noted. other published bone assemblage from any military site in the Sa- S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster sanian Empire, one of the largest and most powerful empires of the ancient world, stretching, for over 400 years, from Mesopotamia to 1,2,3 MASCHNER Herbert D. G. , the western parts of the Indian Subcontinent and into Central Asia. BETTS Matthew4, MISARTI Nicole1,3, It should be also noted that faunal assemblages from the Sasanian 2 5 period are extremely rare, and thus the study will shed significant TEWS , LECH, Veronica & new light on the Sasanian subsistence economy in general. KRAMER Julie1 S2-3, Empires, poster 1, Department of Anthropology, Idaho State University, 921 S. 8th Avenue, Stop 8005, Pocatello, ID 83209‐8005. USA MASSETI Marco 2, Idaho Museum of Natural History, 921 S. 8th Avenue, Museum Bldg 205, Stop 8096, Pocatello, Department of Evolutionistic Biology and Genetics of the University of Florence, Laboratories of ID 83209‐8096. USA Anthropology. Via del Proconsolo, 12 50122 Florence, Italy, [email protected] 3, Center for Archaeology, Materials, and Applied Spectroscopy (CAMAS), Idaho State University, 921 S. 8th Avenue, Research Park Stop 8044, Pocatello, ID 83209‐8044. USA 4, Archaeology and History Division, Canadian Museum of Civilization, 100 Laurier Street, Box Islands as natural enclosure II: Porcupines and gazelles 3100, Station B. Gatineau, Quebec, J8X 4H2 Canada. 5, Lech address: Department of Archaeology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, For centuries, if not for millennia, several of the Mediterranean islands Newfoundland, A1C 5S7 Canada. were better known for their richness in certain zoological species, more

184 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 useful as a source for meat than for their faunal repertoire in general. In fauna. They offered initial human colonists almost no terrestrial food fact, since prehistory many of the mammals most adaptable to the spe- resources. Even with the addition of translocated species, terrestrial cific environmental conditions of even small and barren islands, such as resource management was traditionally a vital element of the survi- hares, wild goats, and later, rabbits, have been brought by sailors and val of human populations on atolls. Tokelau was settled only ~1000 let loose on islands,so that they could breed and provide a store of fresh years ago, possibly as part of the burst of exploration that led to meat readily available for the passengers of ships. Recent archaeozoo- the initial colonization of East Polynesia. We discuss our inferences logical and biogeographical evidence also suggests that from the pre- for both intentional and unintentional translocations and prehisto- historic period on porcupines, Hystrix sp., and gazelles, Gazella sp., were ric choices about which species to introduce. We speculate on the imported voluntarily onto the islands of the Mediterranean basin, the ecological and socio-cultural effects of translocated species and Red Sea and/or the Persian Gulf, to provide living depositories of animal proteins along the marine routes of antiquity. their role in maintaining the delicate balance of human viability S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, poster in an atoll environment. We also review the mtDNA evidence from translocated mammals and what it suggests about both the human 1 2 colonization of Polynesia and later interactions patterns. Masseti Marco , Albarella Umberto & S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, oral De Grossi Mazzorin Jacopo3 1, Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica ‘Leo Pardi’ dell’Università di Firenze, Laboratori di McCORMICK Finbar Antropologia, Via del Proconsolo, 12, 50122 Firenze, Italy, e-mail: [email protected] 2, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, S1 4ET, Sheffield, UK, u.albarella@ School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, BT7 sheffield.ac.uk 1NN. [email protected] 3, University of Salento (Lecce-Italy), via D. Birago, 64, 73100 Lecce, [email protected] Cows, milk and religion The crested porcupine, Hystrix cristata L., 1758, in Italy In this poster the timing and modalities of the introduction of the Cres- Cows play a very important role in the beliefs of many early so- ted Porcupine (Hystrix cristata L. 1758) in Italy are reviewed. The Crested cieties. They sometimes play a role play a role in the origin myths Porcupine current distribution outside Africa is limited to Sicily and the of some societies while milk is often said to have magical powers. Italian Peninsula. Palaeontological data indicate that porcupines were Butter was sometimes ritually deposited as votive offerings while present in Italy and other parts of Europe in the Pleistocene (possibly in other instances milk or butter is used as a libation in religious up to the early Holocene), but there is now broad consensus that these ceremonies. These beliefs and practices often resulted in cows ac- belonged to different species, now extinct. Apart from some unreliable quiring a social as well as an economic role in many early cultures. prehistoric finds, there is no evidence that porcupines occurred again in S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, oral Italy and the rest of Europe before historic times. This led many authors to suggest that the Romans may have been responsible for the intro- McKECHNIE Iain1 & WIGEN Rebecca2 duction of the species in Italy, but such assumption was largely specula- tive. The available evidence in fact indicates that the Crested Porcupine 1, Laboratory of Archaeology, University of British Columbia, Canada, [email protected] does not occur in Italy before late Antique or even early medieval times 2, Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, Canada, [email protected] and that it never spread in Europe beyond the Italian Peninsula (and Si- cily). The long chronological gap existing between Pleistocene and late Visualizing Archaeozoological Evidence of Hunting Tradi- Holocene specimens strongly suggests that the presence of the species tions on the Northwest Coast of North America in historic times in Italy is the result of a human-induced introduction. Variations in the morphometric and genetic characteristics of current Graphical representations of assemblage data (maps, figures, & porcupine populations in Italy and differences in the timing of the in- tables) are a fundamental medium for disciplinary and interdisci- troduction between different regions suggest that the species was pro- plinary communication but the conventional focus on single-sites bably introduced as a consequence of multiple events. and complex statistical analyses often occurs in the absence of S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster exploratory investigations of broad regional and spatial patter- ning. The increasing sophistication and availability of map-based MATISOO-SMITH Lisa graphical analyses offers robust visualization tools for considering Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Otago, PO Box 913, 9054, large multi-site datasets at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Dunedin, New Zealand, [email protected] This poster illustrates such an approach by documenting spatial East is east and west is west – where do the two meet? patterning of mammalian assemblage data from 50 coastal sites in southern British Columbia spanning the past 8,000 years. Focusing Recent DNA evidence from archaeological chicken bones recovered on percentages of marine and terrestrial taxa, we note striking (and from sites across the Pacific to the coast of Chile strongly suggests pre- previously unidentified) regionally consistent patterns of hunting Columbian Polynesian presence in South America. Other archaeolo- activity with continuity over long periods indicating regionally spe- gical, cultural and linguistic evidence suggests that contact between cialized hunting traditions. We posit that this simple exploratory Pacific and Native American cultures may have been more widespread. approach can provide significant insight into regional historical Analyses of faunal and other archaeological remains from islands across phenomena at increasingly broad scales and localities. the Pacific may be the only way that such contact can be identified and S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: new approaches to communication its impact assessed. The current evidence and potential for future re- and collaboration, poster search addressing these issues will be presented. S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, poster MEADOW Richard1 & PATEL Ajita2 1 1 1, Zooarchaeology Laboratory, Peabody Museum, Harvard University,11 Divinity Avenue, MATISOO-SMITH Lisa , HORSBURGH Ann , Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, [email protected] 2 2, Zooarchaeology Laboratory, Peabody Museum, Harvard University,11 Divinity Avenue, ONO Rintaro & ADDISON David Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, [email protected] 1, Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Otago, PO Box 913, 9054, Dunedin, New Zealand, [email protected]; [email protected] 2, American Community College, PO Box 2545, 96799, Pago Pago, American Samoa, The domestication of zebu cattle (Bos indicus) in light of [email protected] genetic and zooarchaeological research

Human-mediated oceanic atoll faunal translocations: A Paleogenetics has yet to directly impact our understanding of the 1000-year record from Atafu Atoll, Tokelau origins of domestic zebu (humped) cattle (Bos indicus). Given the sub-tropical and tropical across the Indo-Malaysian ecozo- This paper discusses the evidence for faunal translocations on Atafu ne, the preservation of aDNA is likely only in the most exceptional Atoll in the central Pacific archipelago of Tokelau. Atolls are among circumstances, and to date no sustained effort has been published the most depauperate of terrestrial environments in both flora and that tests a range of samples from the region. That said, studies of

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 185 modern animal genetics have informed research on the domestica- the symbolic meaning of special dog breeds in depictions cannot tion and spread of zebu across the region, lending support to pre- only help to understand the role of dog breeding and dog breeds vious osteoarchaeologically-derived hypotheses and challenging in cosmology and religious practices. Together with bone findings the archaeozoologist to re-evaluate existing data. Here we outline, and dog it can contribute to understand the social self- from an archaeofaunal perspective, the domestication of zebu in conception and possible societal and cultural changes. northwestern South Asia, the possible location of secondary cen- S2-3, Empires, poster ters of domestication or that are suggested by the genetic data, and the spread of zebu into the SE Asia and southern Mercolli Pablo1 & Nielsen Axel E.2 China. 1, Instituto Interdisciplinario Tilcara. UBA. Belgrano 445.Tilcara, Jujuy (4624), Argentina, S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster [email protected] 2, CONICET – INAPL. [email protected] MEIER Jacqueline S. Patrones de consumo de fauna durante el contacto hispa- University of Connecticut, Department of Anthropology, 354 Mansfield Road Unit 2176 Storrs, CT 06269-2176, [email protected] no-indígena en el Norte de Lípez, Altiplano Sur de Bolivia

Experimental Study of Worked Bone Astragali from Two No existen antecedentes de trabajos arqueofaunísticos para el alti- plano sur de Bolivia. En esta investigación exploramos este campo Middle Bronze Age Hungarian Sites de estudio, tomando contextos correspondientes al Período Colo- nial (siglos XVI-XVII). Para ello, partiremos de hipótesis basadas fun- The preference of the astragalus bone for a variety of functions damentalmente en las tendencias observadas para este momento is visible in the archaeological record across a wide temporal and y épocas inmediatamente anteriores en zonas vecinas que aparen- spatial range. Hypotheses that these artifacts functioned as jewelry temente estuvieron relacionados, como el Noroeste argentino o la amulets, good luck charms or dice have been proposed for many región de Antofagasta, Chile. collections. Use wear and experimental studies offer new insight Actualmente, los campesinos practican una economía agropasto- into the choice of these common artifacts as raw materials. Stu- ril, combinando cultivos de tubérculos y quinoa con pastoreo de dies undertaken at multiple levels of magnification have advanced rebaños mayoritariamente de y, en menor proporción, ove- the analysis of bone surface modification interpreted from wear jas y burros. Hasta hace algunas décadas, estos recursos eran com- patterns. Building upon previous worked bone wear studies, the plementados con la caza de vicuñas y roedores. Nuestra pregunta medio-lateral surface modification on astragali from the Middle central se refiere al lugar que ocupaban estos animales no locales Bronze Age sites of Zagyvapálfalva and Kisterenye in Hungary are en la economía campesina Colonial. Eran ya criados y consumidos compared with experimentally worked astragalus bones. en el siglo XVII-XVIII o se trata de un fenómeno reciente, vinculado Artifact wear analysis on the archaeological astragali conducted a la integración de estas poblaciones al mercado y las nuevas de- using optical microscope and Backscatter Electron Imaging initially mandas sobre los animales de carga derivadas del surgimiento de indicates a pattern of striations similar to the abrasion modifica- las fronteras nacionales? tions created by grit present in hide working or as a result of bur- La muestra ósea analizada fue excavada en Laqaya, uno de los nishing ceramic. Experiments were conducted using deer astragali asentamientos tardíos más extensos del Norte de Lípez (cuenca del to work these materials utilizing a handling method derived by a Salar de Uyuni). Su historia ocupacional se inicia alrededor de AD combination of the direction of wear and macroscopically visible 1100 y continúa hasta el período Colonial. Dadas estas característi- polish present on the archaeological material. Subsequently, com- cas, exploramos la importancia relativa de los animales foráneos en parison of the use wear on the archaeological materials was made el consumo doméstico. with wear experimentally produced with ceramic and hide proces- S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral sing techniques. A secondary goal of this research is to contribute to future interpretations of worked astragali and their selection as 1 2 tools and/or ritual or gaming purposes across a wide geographic MERCOLLI Pablo , SELDES Verónica & and temporal distribution. FERNÁNDEZ DO RIO Solange3 S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster 1, Instituto Interdisciplinario Tilcara. UBA. Belgrano 445.Tilcara, Jujuy (4624). pmercolli@hotmail. com 2, CONICET – INAPL. [email protected] MEIER Sabina 3, Instituto Interdisciplinario Tilcara. UBA. Becaria CONICET . Belgrano 445.Tilcara, Jujuy (4624). Freie Universität Berlin, Danziger Str. 215, Berlin, [email protected] [email protected]

The relation between society and dog breeds (Canis fa- Animal offerings at Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy, Ar- miliaris) in the Andean from Early Intermediate to Middle gentina Horizon In Central-South Andes the presence of faunal remains in funerary contexts is a recurrent tendency, although it has been poorly in- Andean societies never build a homogenous unit in the history of vestigated. ancient America. While the Inca Empire is good documented, there This paper studies different contexts at Quebrada de Humahuaca, are several possible empires in ancient America where the question Jujuy, Argentina, which include Formative (AD 700-900), Late (AD weather it was a state, local chiefdoms, or a confederation of poli- 900-1430) and Inka Periods (AD 1430-1536). In most cases, human ties is still unsolved. remains are associated to domesticated bones, although there is Certain breeds of dogs were used in old world high cultures as de- supplementary evidence of wild species related to funerary prac- picted symbols of divine and secular power, e.g. in glyphs or ce- tices. ramic vessels. In depictions of South American high cultures they It will be analyzed the formal characteristics of the different fune- were also connected with corresponding ruling elites and their rary contexts, the humans remains and the diversity of the faunal religious practices. In the Andean the depicted dog breeds, e.g. in evidence in order to investigate the nature of this offerings in the ceramic vessels changed through time. While depictions of hairless Andean cosmovision. The archaeological sites aborded here are. dogs appeared and spread from northern America to the Andean Los Amarillos, La Huerta, Campo Morado, Inti Huayna and Hornillos, in the Middle Horizon and Late Intermediate, there are no archaeo- all of them located at Quebrada de Humahuaca. logical bone findings of such species in this area. This change from The aim of this paper is to analyze several samples from different a black and white hunting dog in the Early Intermediate to a hair- social and chronological contexts and to evaluate the temporal less dog in the Middle Horizon and Late Intermediate can there- modifications in the funerary rituals related to the mayor socio-po- fore only be understood with the interpretation of ceramic vessels litical changes. and the symbolic meaning of the depicted dogs. The research of S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral

186 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 MERZOUG Souhila Valley, Arizona. The data from Clovis mammoths exhibit sinusoidal patterns that are broadly correlated, indicating regular changes in Centre National de Recherches Préhistoriques, Anthropologiques et Historiques. 3, rue Franklin Roosevelt, 16000 Alger, Algérie. [email protected] temperature and rainfall amounts and predictable seasonal shifts

in the proportion of C3 and C4 plant consumption. Clovis-age mam- Apport du réexamen des restes fauniques de Medjez II à moths consumed a C4-plant-dominated diet in summer, and a com- bination of C and C plants in winter. In contrast, mammoths from la compréhension des comportements de subsistance des 3 4 earlier time periods experienced cooler climates and consumed Capsiens (Épipaléolithique, Algérie) fewer C4 plants, with less seasonal regularity in diet. The patterns observed in Clovis mammoths may reflect either short and predic- L’analyse archéozoologique menée sur l’ancienne collection fauni- table seasonal migrations or minimal migration in an environment que de l’escargotière de Medjez II (6910 ± 150 et 4550 ± 150 av. with predictable seasonality. Either way, the robust relationship J.-C.) a permis d’établir de nouveaux résultats concernant les com- between diet and seasonal change could have made Clovis mam- portements de subsistance des populations capsiennes en Algérie. moths more susceptible to both climate change and human hun- Pour exemple, nous avons pu réévaluer le statut de l’Autruche adul- ting. te, considérée, jusqu’à présent, comme un tabou alimentaire des S5-1. The biogeochemical study of animal remains: integrating isotopic and Capsiens, car seules des traces de la consommation des œufs ont trace element analysis to archaeozoology, poster été signalées. En effet, la présence de stigmates de découpe, sur des restes osseux d’autruche provenant de la collection de Medjez II, démontre que l’animal adulte a, également, été consommé. MILOSEVIC Stefan S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, poster Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade University, Vinogradski venac 20/14, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected]

Messieux Nicolas Reading of human on-site activities on the basis of fau- Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, 43, Rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France, [email protected] nal taphonomy at the Paleolithic site of Hadži Prodanova Cave (Serbia) The story of the rock pigeon (Columbia livia) and euro- pean hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus): the enthusiasts’ Human occupation of caves during the Paleolithic is often mani- perspective fested as a series of multiple, short-term events, interspersed by carnivore activities. The analysis of faunal taphonomy in Hadži Pro- The story of a species takes various forms, e.g., a description of its danova Cave provides a glimpse to the late Middle Paleolithic and evolution, a history of its status at different periods (Prehistory, Epigravettian use of the site situated in Central Balkans mountai- Neolithic, Industrialisation, …) or a chronicle of its geographical nous area. The Middle Paleolithic artifacts are found at the lower- distribution. most level of the stratigraphic sequence, and Epigravettian arti- The knowledge of a species’ past helps in understanding its present facts in a level just beneath the top of it, with an occupation gap state. However, as data are often scarce or incomplete and results between them. The Middle Paleolithic occupation is most probably prone to debate, knowledge of the present time is used to interpret related to the OIS 3, while the Epigravettian occupation could occur or complete that of the past… which in turn explains the present. only after the Last Glacial Maximum. The majority of faunal remains This circular past-present dialectic produces a consistent story. belong to cave bear, whose denning is confirmed by age structure This dialectic exists not only among scientists but also among so- and presence of deciduous teeth and foetal bones. Other carnivo- cial actors who have an extensive knowledge of a species. Our pa- res, notably wolves and hyenas, have not denned at the site but had per deals with how the enthusiasts of rock pigeons and hedgehogs a significant role in the accumulation, modification and ravaging compose the story of their favourite species by gathering, using, of faunal remains. The main prey animal is ibex, whose remains interpreting and connecting prehistorical, historical and modern could result from both human and carnivore activity. The existing information. gap between the Middle Paleolithic and Epigravettian occupation We focus on the fact that enthusiasts see pigeons as having been facilitate comparing on-site activities between these two cultural strongly affected by Man since Neolithic, while the hedgehog is periods, as well as comparing taphonomical differences between considered as almost untouched. This contradicts archaeozoolo- naturally deduced and anthropogenic site formation processes. gical results that show anthropogenic manipulation for both. We The emphasis is on fragmentation and spatial distribution of skele- evaluate several hypotheses that explain this difference: interpre- tal elements of species involved, bone modification by human and tation or ignorance of archaeological information, focus on the non-human predators, and the relationship between dweller and knowledge of the modern biology or on practical knowledge, so- prey species. cial representation of the animal as a victim, particular vision of the S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster man-nature relationship. S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral MIOTTI Laura1 & MARCHIONNI Laura2 División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata METCALFE Jessica Z. & LONGSTAFFE Fred J. y CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n°, 1900, La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected] 2 División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A Plata y CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n°, 1900, La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: lau_marchionni@ 5B7. [email protected]; [email protected] yahoo.com.ar

Stable isotope records of seasonality in Clovis and pre- Tools beyond stones: bone, a non traditional raw mate- Clovis mammoths from the San Pedro Valley, Arizona rial in continental Patagonia

Columbian mammoths were present in the U.S. southwest for The archaeofaunistic studies in Patagonia have focused in the os- tens of thousands of years, but became extinct around 10,800 seous materials to make taphonomic, paleoenvironmental and 14C years BP, likely as a result of both Clovis hunting and climate economy inferences. On the other hand, bone scarcely considered change. Previous studies have shown that mammoth extinction in as a raw material for tools manufacture. Archaeological excavations this area coincided with Bolling-Allerod warming and a sudden, in- developed in Central Plateau of Santa Cruz province allow us to for- tense drought. However, relatively little is known about the nature mulate interpretations about uses, decision making, and the role of of seasonal changes during this time period and their effects on bone as raw material in technological chains of tool/ornament ma- megafauna and the humans that hunted them. This study presents nufactures. This paper presents the variability of tools of AEP-1 and stable carbon and oxygen isotope results for serially-sampled tooth Maripe Cave sites in two moments: Pleistocene/Holocene transition enamel of Clovis and pre-Clovis mammoths from the San Pedro and middle Holocene. Results indicate a high degree of design for

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 187 both chronological blocks with human occupations in Central Pla- assemblages (Veternica, Marlera). Continental assemblages are teau of Santa Cruz. The standardization of forms and high degree dominated by the remains of cave bears; coastal assemblages are of transformation of some of these tools allow us to infer a curation more diverse and show a stronger hominin signature. In our com- strategy. This high degree of transformation was registered in other parisons we focus firstly on evidence of the roles of carnivores, ho- contexts of this region and for the same moments. Toward middle minins, and other agents in accumulating these assemblages. We Holocene we observe a wider spectrum of taxa in the bones used then turn our attention to evidence of ungulate hunting and small as raw material for tool and ornament confection. game use by different hominins. S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral MIOTTI Laura1 & MARCHIONNI Laura1 1,2 2 1, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La MIRZOYAN Lilit & MANASERYAN Nina Plata y CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n°, 1900, La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] 1, Institut d’Histoire et Archéologie de l’Orient Ancien, Université de Strasbourg, 5 allée du 2, División Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Général Rouvillois, CS 50008, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France, [email protected] Plata y CONICET, Paseo del Bosque s/n°, 1900, La Plata, Argentina. [email protected]. 2, Scientific Center of Zoology and Hidroecology, Armenian National Academy of Sciences, 7 ar P.Sevak, 0015 Yerevan, Armenia, [email protected] El gusto de los otros: autopodios y equifinalidad Animal impact on the economic, religious and cultural El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir el problema de la equifinali- aspects of the life of Urartians dad generada por la alta y recurrente presencia en los contextos arqueológicos de huesos del autopodio de ungulados de mediano Excavations of the Urartian sites (XI – VI cc. BCE) on the territory of Ar- a gran tamaño y considerados de bajo rendimiento económico. Las menia were started in the early fifties revealing great cultural heri- respuestas habituales a dichas frecuencias se refieren a cuestiones tage left behind by the inhabitants of these sites. While most of the tafonómicas, (supervivencia diferencial ósea, comportamiento hu- material finds were well analyzed and results were soon published, , descarte) y sesgos metodológicos surgidos de la fragmenta- animal bone remains stayed without particular attention for many ción, determinación sistemática, muestreo y cuantificación, entre years. With the restarted excavations on some sites at the end of otros. eighties and new discovered sites with Urartian layers the necessity El análisis comparativo de numerosos sitios de Patagonia, ocupa- of analysis of animal bone remains became evident, eventually de- dos entre la transición Pleistoceno/Holoceno y Holoceno tardío manding study and comparison with the bone material from other por cazadores-recolectores cuyo recurso principal fue el guanaco Urartian sites. In this paper the results of archaeozoological analysis (Lama guanicoe), indican mediana a alta frecuencia de los elemen- of animal bone remains from previous and new excavations of Ere- tos del autopodio. Esta notable presencia se manifiesta tanto en buni/Arin berd, Teishebaini/Karmir blur and Argishtikhinili/Armavir sitios de matanza como en bases residenciales. Por otro lado los will be presented to show the exploitation of faunal resources by denominados “huesos cañón de ” (metápodos) se en- the inhabitants of theses sites. In addition, the representations of animals cuentran como formas base para la confección de instrumentos, o on the Urartian objects from the mentioned sites will be discussed, underlining como instrumentos en sí mismos. En varios trabajos estas unidades the role of animals in different aspects of Urartians’ life. aparecen en las bases residenciales no como elementos transpor- S2-3, Empires, poster tados por su valor nutricio, sino como “polizones” adjuntos a unida- des de mayor retorno económico (schlepp effect) o como unidades Mohaseb Karimlou Fatemeh Azadeh, que llevan adheridos tendones que son materias primas de amplio Mashkour Marjan, Sheikhi Seno Shiva uso (sewing effect). Las fuentes etnográficas y etnoarqueológicas, así como estudios UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected]; recientes de composición química de las grasas indican que la [email protected]; [email protected] médula de los metapodios es ampliamente consumida por los ca- zadores-recolectores debido a su alta calidad y palatabilidad. La The ancient population of Sus on the Iranian Plateau viabilidad de esta hipótesis presenta un desafío para interpretar a estos huesos como preferenciados por el gusto graso en las comi- The taxonomy of wild boar Sus scrofa on the Iranian Plateau is a das además de ser materia prima para instrumentos. matter of debate; There seems not to be a consensus on its allo- S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: bringing methodology to bear on cation to the sub species S. s. attila or S.s. lybicus. Obviously a clear social questions, poster picture of the taxonomic diversity of Sus in the vast territory of Iran, at a crossroad of several zoogeographical zones, is a question MIRACLE Preston1& BRAJKOVIĆ Dejana2 that needs a systematic integrated documentation (genetically, 1. University of Cambridge Department of Archaeology. Downing Street, CB2 3DZ, Cambridge, phenotypically and osteologically). This paper aims at presenting UK [email protected] an overview of the existing data on the Iranian Plateau to assess 2. Institute for Quaternary Palaeontology and Geology, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, A. Kovačić 5 1000 Zagreb, some of the osteological characteristics of the Sus population. The occurrence of Sus remains in the archaeological record shows its Faunal procurement and cave use during OIS 4/3 in the overall low representation on all sites and in all periods. Due to this Balkans scarcity, a clear understanding of its morphological variability is still unknown, as is the history of its domestication and /or introduction The Balkans served as both a corridor and a cul-de-sac for diffe- on the Iranian Plateau. The best represented assemblages currently rent hominins and at different times. The region is thus of parti- in hand belong to the Province, in the North West of cular interest for studies of the dispersal of “modern humans” into Iran. The region has favorable conditions for the development of Europe and their adaptations and hunting strategies compared to this population in the wild. Several sites (Haftavan Tepe, Kohne Te- those of resident populations of Neanderthals. In this paper we pesi, Kohneh Pasgah Tepesi) have yielded important quantities of compare faunal evidence from OIS 4 and 3 from continental Croa- Sus remains. A thorough metric and demographic analysis on these tia (southwestern edge of Pannonian Basin - Vindija, Velika pećina, assemblages is the starting point of this project which will be soon and Veternica Caves) to the coastal region (Istria and Dalmatia – completed with aDNA analyses. These sites belong to the Bronze Šandalja, Romuladova, Marlera, and Mujina Caves). There is very Age and Iron Age. A comparison with other sites of Azerbaijan and little evidence of occupation during OIS 4 in either region. OIS 3 the Central Plateau containing Sus remains as well as in the adjacent has occupations associated with Middle Palaeolithic (Vindija, Velika areas (Caucasus and Southern Central Asia) is presented in parallel Pećina, Romualdova, Mujina) and Early Upper Palaeolithic (Vindija, to help a better characterization of these Iranian populations. Velika Pećina, Šandalja) components, as well as palaeontological S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster

188 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 MONDINI Mariana1, PANARELLO Héctor2 & the use of bone for tools relatively important. Analysis of the as- 3 semblage is directed to: ZANGRANDO Atilio 1. understanding the use-history of by deposits by contrasting the 1, Universidad de Buenos Aires – Museo de Antropología UNC-CONICET. Av. H. Yrigoyen 174, taphonomic features of bone tools and non-modified bone scrap. Córdoba, Argentina, [email protected] 2. understanding the demand for bone tool raw material and its 2, INGEIS, Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET. Pabellon INGEIS, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina, [email protected] impact on hunting and slaughter decisions by examining the selec- 3, Universidad de Buenos Aires – CADIC-CONICET. Bernardo A. Houssay 200, Ushuaia, Argentina, tivity of bone tool blanks [email protected] 3. understanding the organization of craft production by exami- First isotopic evidence in southern Puna camelids throu- ning the intensity and uniformity of manufacturing of specific bone ghout the Holocene tool categories 4. understanding the social and ritual meaning of certain bone tool Camelid bones from archaeological site Cueva Salamanca 1 (3560 categories by examining their form, decoration, and archaeological masl), in the Puna of Catamarca, Argentina, have been analyzed to context. assess prehistoric camelid isotopic ecology and diet as indicated by S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral δ13C values. They comprise 11 stratigraphic levels, of ca. 8100-3500 1 2 BP. Wild camelids in the region are the vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) and MORELLO Flavia & BORRERO Luis Alberto the larger guanaco (Lama guanicoe). In the more recent layers the 1, UMAG, CEQUA, Av. Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile, [email protected] potential presence of the domestic llama (Lama glama) also should 2, CONICET-IMHICIHU, Saavedra 15, Piso 5, (1083) Buenos Aires, Argentina, laborrero@hotmail. com be considered. The mean carbon isotope value (δ13C) is -15.4 ‰ ± 2.3 ‰, samples ranging from -18.3‰ to -9.4‰. The last value is actually The role of taphonomy in the detection of a Middle Holo- an outlier. It corresponds to an apparently small individual dated cene archaeological signal in Northern Tierra del Fuego to sometime between 7620-8100 BP. Otherwise, most values range -18.3‰ to -13.5‰, with smaller individuals generally having δ13C < The archaeological record of Northern Tierra del Fuego is disconti- -16‰ and larger ones, δ13C > -16‰ –although most specimens cor- nuous, with long gaps in the Early and Middle Holocene. This situa- respond to indeterminate-sized individuals. No stratigraphic pattern tion can be real, reflecting discontinuous settlement of the region, is observed, so there is no apparent correlation with temporal varia- or can be the result of low sampling intensity, differential, visibility, preservation or a combination of these processes. We inform about tions. The analyses suggest that the consumption of C4 and C3 plants has been on average 43% and 57%, respectively. This estimation is recent research efforts directed towards clarifying these issues. in agreement with the distribution of both types of resources in the Multidisciplinary Project FONDECYT 1060020 was designed to take environment and altitudinal level where the site is located. Further advantage of a suite of geomorphological, geoarchaeological, pa- analyses will be carried out both on bones and hair to confirm these lynological, technological and taphonomic methodologies along apparent patterns so as to understand the ecology of these staple the coasts of the Strait of Magellan between Puerto Arturo and Ba- preys of Puna hunter-gatherers throughout the Holocene. hía Lomas. We will present some of the taphonomic results of this S5-1, The biochemical study of animals remains: integrating isotopic and trace work, emphasizing the ways in which they interacted with the rest elements analyses to archaeozoology, poster of the research lines in order to produce a more balanced frame for the archaeology of Northern Tierra del Fuego. MONKS Gregory S7-1. New Perspectives on Taphonomy, poster Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, 15 Chancellor Circle, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 5V5. [email protected] MORIN Eugène Trent University, Department of Anthropology, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, Evidence for Changing Climate and Subsistence Stra- Canada K9J 7B8, [email protected] tegies Among the Nuu-Chah-Nulth on Canada’s West Revisiting the body size rule Coast The use of prey body size as a measure of net return rates is contro- Faunal data from Canada’s west coast are considered in terms of a versial in archaeology, as this proxy does not always predict re- shift from a greater abundance of rockfish (genus Sebastes) during source rank accurately. This measure assumes that the relationship the Medieval Warm Period to greater abundance of salmon (genus between body size and profitability is curvilinear, with very small Oncorhynchus) during the Little Ice Age. Evidence from trial δ18O and very large prey types showing proportionally higher handling analysis of Saxidomus gigantea shells is presented to compare the costs than species of intermediate sizes. Between these two extre- marine environments of the two periods. Measurements of salmon mes, the rule of thumb has been that the larger the prey, the higher and rockfish vertebrae are compared between the climatic peri- the return rate. The problem is that a number of factors (e.g., tech- ods to evaluate the effects on each genus of the climatic transition, nology, speed of the prey, mass collecting) may cause violations of and preliminary aDNA results from rockfish are used to consider this rule. the possibility that species of Sebastes now found only to the south In this paper, the relationship between maximal velocity and prey were formerly present on Canada’s west coast. Site size, location size is investigated. The results suggest that species fall on two and duration of occupancy before and after the climatic transition different curves when top speed is plotted against body size. Eth- are presented to show one form of cultural response to this climatic nographic data are then used to test the robustness of the body transition. Changes in the abundance of other taxa between the size rule. It is shown that the strength of this rule correlates with two periods are also presented to identify suites of resources that environmental variables. Bergmann’s rule, an ecogeographic gene- were preferred during each climatic period. Optimal foraging theo- ralization that examines ecological variation in animal body size, ry is suggested as a means of modeling the human response to the seems to play an important role in that respect. climatic transition that is observed. S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral MOORE Katherine MORIN Eugène & READY Elspeth [email protected] Trent University, Department of Anthropology, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8, [email protected] Bone raw material and tool production in Formative, Bolivia Foraging goals and transport decisions in Western Euro- Bone tools from Formative village sites in Bolivia (1800 B.C.E.-500 pe during the Middle and early Upper Paleolithic C.E.) are used to examine several aspects of bone tool technology. The sample from 4 sites is relatively large (1300+ finished pieces Caves with archaeological material attributed to OIS 4/3 often and waste) diverse. The wood at this high altitude is scarce, making contain abundant ungulate remains, including anatomical parts

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 189 from large species such as horse (Equus caballus), steppe bison (Bi- MORRIS Zoe H.1, WHITE Christine D.1 & son priscus), and megaceros (Megaloceros giganteus). The fact that 2 these species exceed the transport capacities of small groups of LONGSTAFFE Fred J. humans means that field processing would have been necessary 1. Department of Anthropology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7 Canada, [email protected]; [email protected] when kills were made at some distance from the point of consump- 2. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, tion. In these situations, the dilemma was likely one of trading field ON N6A 3K7 Canada [email protected] processing and transport costs against energetic benefits. In this paper, we draw on several utility models to examine which factors Growing Places: Late Woodland (AD 1000-1600) agricul- guided transport decisions involving moderate- and large-sized tural landscapes of southwestern Ontario species at a number of cave sites dated to the Middle and the early Upper Paleolithic. Building on these data, we show that some pat- We are studying the stable carbon- and nitrogen-isotope compo- terns can be identified with respect to transport decisions during sitions of faunal remains associated with two Late Woodland (AD and across these time periods. 1000-1600) indigenous groups from southwestern Ontario, Ca- S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages nada. The diets of these fauna (deer, raccoon, dog, bear, rodents, (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral turkey), who probably scavenged or were fed maize to different de- grees, are reflected in their isotopic compositions, and can be used MORRIS James to explore how different cultural understandings of landscape and social organization affected the agricultural and social-economic Museum of London Archaeology, Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London, N1 strategies of these people. Dogs provide useful proxies for human 7ED, UK, [email protected] diet and the different behavioral traits of the other animals enables Explorations in anatomy; the faunal remains from the identification of human subsistence activities, e.g. horticulture and storage. Central questions in the archaeology of this region are Royal London Hospital how and why distinct economic strategies developed between neighbouring Iroquoian and Western Basin cultural traditions. Iro- Archaeological excavations at the Royal London Hospital recovered quoians became sedentary maize agriculturalists that developed th century. Some material a faunal assemblage dating to the early 19 a complex social structure and expanded demographically while derived from the hospital kitchens and informs on aspects of the the Western Basin peoples appeared to maintain a hunter-gatherer staff and patients diets. However, a large proportion of the assem- subsistence. Some isotopic studies of humans have been used to blage appears to have come from the anatomy school attached to reconstruct the introduction of maize and its consumption among the hospital. Included are complete and partial skeletons of sheep, Iroquoians. However, such data are absent from the Western Basin horse, dog, cat and rabbit. Many of the skeletons display sharp knife literature and access to human remains from this area is tightly res- cuts and sawing marks which occurred during the dissection of the tricted. Accordingly, we are studying archaeological fauna from 27 animals. Comparison with the dissected human remains from the sites along two river systems inhabited by each of these groups. site suggests specific anatomical features were being investigated, S5-1, The biochemical study of animals remains: as well as procedures practised on animal carcasses. Some of the integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to archaeozoology, poster partial skeletons also show evidence of being displayed as part of a teaching collection. A number of unusual species were present, including examples of tortoise, monkey and guinea pig, with the Mougne Caroline1, Dupont Catherine2, tortoise elements representing possibly the earliest archaeological Baudry Anna3, Dréano Yvon4, Paitier H.- examples from Britain. This assemblage shows how archaeozoo- 1 2 2 logy can offer an insight into this innovative period which saw the P. , Quesnel L & M.Y. Daire birth of modern-day anatomical studies. 1 INRAP, Base Archéologique de Cesson-Sévigné, 37 rue du Bignon, CS 35577 Cesson-Sévigné, S2-5, Animals, and their bones, in the modern world (AD1750-1950), poster [email protected] / [email protected] 2 UMR 6566 CNRS CReAAH « Centre de Recherche en Archéologie Archéosciences Histoire » CNRS, Rennes, France, [email protected] / [email protected] MORRIS James 3 INRAP, UMR 6566 « CReAAH », Base Archéologique de Poitiers, 122 rue de la Bugellerie, 86000 Poitiers, France, [email protected]. Museum of London Archaeology, Mortimer Wheeler House, 46 Eagle Wharf Road, London , N1 4 CRAVO « Centre de Recherche Archéologique de la Vallée de l’Oise », 21 rue des Cordeliers, 7ED, UK. [email protected] 60200 Compiègne ; chercheur associé UMR 6130, CEPAM-CNRS, France, [email protected]

Animal biographies Acquisition and management of the animal resources on a coastal archaeological site of the second Iron Age. The In recent years material specialists have successfully utilised the example of Dossen-Rouz at Locquémeau-Trédrez (Côtes work of anthropologists such as Gell (1998) to adopt a biographical d’Armor, France) approach to archaeological finds. Such work is normally concerned with constructed objects. However it is possible to use a biogra- Some coastal archaeological sites are really endangered by the ri- phical approach to examine animal remains. Drawing on the work sing waters. As an answer, the ALERT project (Archaeology, Coasts of Kopytoff (1986) who suggested that ‘things’ could be viewed and Global Warming), set up in 2007, aims at studying such sites at many points in their existence, this papers presents examples before their disappearance. That’s what happened for the Dos- of using a biographical approach to investigate individual faunal sen-Rouz site, located at Locquémeau, in Brittany (North Western deposits. At present the majority of such deposits are viewed in a France), and dedicated to sea salt production during the second single time frame, i.e. their final resting place prior to archaeolo- Iron Age (3rd-2nd cent. BC). An excavation process has been set up gical recovery. However, by using a biographical approach we can so as to collect the archaeozoological artefacts: sight sampling for examine the activities that took place to create the deposits and the bigger and better preserved specimens, utilization of four and their possible associated meanings. two millimeters sieving and sorting in laboratory for the smaller The paper will show that animal remains lend themselves to such and broken ones. The data reveal the exploitation of a large spec- an approach. Combined with our knowledge of taphonomic pro- trum of animal species (mammals, shells, crustaceans, echinoderms cesses, this allows us to reconstruct a life history of a deposit, ena- and fishes) and ecosystems (sea, coast, forest, domestic area). These bling us to develop multi-timeframe interpretations. Such metho- species were mostly used as feeding resources, but some bones and dologies can help archaeozoology move beyond its perceived horns were also turned into tools. The mammals and fishes remains processual paradigm towards a social archaeozoology. are not very numerous. Nevertheless, the variety and the quantity S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: of marine invertebrates remains encountered are significant. For bringing methodology to bear on social questions, oral shells and specially sea urchins, scarcely known in archaeological

190 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 context, metric evaluations, quantification and taphonomic studies La dynamique climatique est retracée en mettant l’accent sur la allowed to develop new approaches, like acquisition methods (ga- transition Paléolithique moyen-Paléolithique supérieur marquée thering, fishing...) and harvest seasons. par l’arrivée des premiers aurignaciens dans les grottes de Grimal- di. S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster MOUSSOUS Abdelkader & VALENSI Patricia MUCCIOLO Leonardo & ACOSTA Alejandro Université UPVD, Laboratoire départemental de Préhistoire du Lazaret, 33 bis Boulevard Franck Pilatte 06300 Nice, France, [email protected]; [email protected] CONICET/Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano. 3 de febrero 1378, Buenos Aires, Argentina (C1426BJN), [email protected]; acosta@mail. retina.ar Populations de Cervus elaphus en Ligurie (Italie) : mor- photypes et environnement Cervids final consumption patterns among Late Holocene Au cours du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur, le cerf élaphe présente hunter-gatherers of the southern La Plata Basin des variations de taille et de morphologie dentaire, parfois très im- Despite the majority of sites analyzed by archaeozoologists wor- portantes, liées ainsi en grande partie aux variations climatiques. Il king with hunter gatherer societies are the result of final consump- est actuellement admis qu’au début du Pléistocène supérieur (MIS tion activities, this aspect has been traditionally underestimated in 5) des cerfs de petite taille, aux dents morphologiquement simples, the interpretation of archaeofaunal remains. However, over the last existent en période tempérée. Ces populations ont été reconnues decade, many advances from etnoarchaeological and experimental dans le bassin méditerranéen. approaches began to take in account this topic, demonstrating not De nouvelles questions se posent aujourd’hui sur l’évolution des only its complexity but also the methodological difficulties of its populations. Au cours des périodes froides, des cerfs de petite taille archaeological recognition. In this sense, it must be mentioned that semblent coexister avec ceux de grande taille. Il ne semble donc the study of patterns of consumption is a very complex issue which pas s’agir d’une modification de taille d’une même population en requires dealing with multiple lines of evidence. fonction des variations climatiques mais de deux populations dif- On the other hand, zooarchaeological investigations developed in férentes: les grands cerfs d’Europe du Nord migrant vers le Sud et the southern extreme of the La Plata basin (Argentina) have showed coexistant alors avec les individus de petite taille. that cervids (Blastocerus dichotomus and Ozotoceros bezoarticus) Pour compléter nos connaissances sur les phénomènes de migra- constituted a significant economic resource for aboriginal hunter tion de ces populations et leurs modifications morphologiques, gatherers inhabiting the area during the late Holocene (2 ky-0,5 nous avons analysé les collections inédites de cerf élaphe prove- ky). These studies have emphasized the procurement and potenti- nant des grottes de Grimaldi: grotte du Prince, grotte des Enfants ally selective transport of carcasses. Processing intensity and final et grotte du Cavillon, qui recouvrent l’ensemble du Pléistocène consumption behaviors are aspects that have only recently began supérieur. Cette période est intéressante pour comprendre l’évo- to be evaluated. Considering these antecedents, the aim of this lution et les migrations du cerf dans la région car elle comprend work is to further examine these topics by analyzing the cervid re- une alternance de périodes tempérées et de périodes glaciaires. cord of several sites through a multivariate taphonomic approach. Les deux populations de cerfs, grande et petite taille, déjà mises en The results obtained are interpreted in the frame of the economic évidence dans la région, et que nous attribuons à des morphotypes organization of the societies under study. différents, sont quantifiées et analysées par des tests statistiques en prenant en compte l’ensemble des faunes associées (hippopotame, S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, poster éléphant antique, mammouth, renne, etc.). MÜLLER Katharina1 & REICHE Ina2 S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster

1. Laboratoire du C2RMF – UMR 171 CNRS, 14 quai F. Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France, katharina. mü[email protected] MOUSSOUS Abdelkader & VALENSI Patricia 2. Laboratoire du C2RMF – UMR 171 CNRS, 14 quai F. Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France, ina.reiche@ culture.gouv.fr Université UPVD, Laboratoire départemental de Préhistoire du Lazaret, 33 bis Boulevard Franck Pilatte 06300 Nice, France, [email protected]; [email protected] New insights and limits of a non destructive microPIXE/ Évolution de l’environnement durant la transition Paléo- PIGE study of Palaeolithic bone, antler and ivory objects lithique moyen et supérieur en Ligurie (Italie) for materials identification

La région de Ligurie (NW Italie), située entre mer et montagne est All osseous materials show a very similar chemical composition. riche en gisements préhistoriques. Notre étude porte sur les faunes However, slight differences can be observed in their chemical com- inédites de grands mammifères des célèbres grottes de Grimaldi position, when they are well preserved. These variations may be (). Ces gisements sont intéressants car ils recouvrent une used as a marker of their exact nature, when other means such as longue période de temps qui permet de retracer l’évolution de l’en- morphological or structural observations are limited. A large data vironnement et du climat des moustériens et des Hommes du Pa- base comprising different modern and archaeological osseous ma- léolithique supérieur, dans un contexte géographique et géomor- terials has been established in order to define clear chemical mar- phologique restreint. Les sites concernés sont la Grotte du Prince kers for the identification of osseous materials. (MIS 5 à 3), la grotte des Enfants (MIS 3 et MIS 2) et la grotte du As a non-invasive method is generally required for the study wor- Cavillon (MIS 5 à 2). ked osseous objects, micro-Proton Induced X-ray and Gamma-ray Il en ressort des particularités régionales telles que la présence de Emission (micro-PIXE/PIGE) was chosen to analyse the different zones refuges pour les espèces tempérées en période glaciaire qui bone materials. These analyses are performed at the particle acce- conduit à des assemblages fauniques relativement homogènes lerator AGLAE installed at the C2RMF, Paris. au sein de la séquence étudiée. En effet, certaines espèces dites In this presentation we emphasize our results obtained on the che- tempérées restent abondantes quelque soit la période climatique mical nature of different Palaeolithic objects coming from several concernée. On notera néanmoins que l’étude des populations de sites from Southern France. The chemical identification is especially Cervus elaphus met en évidence la présence de grands cerfs venus difficult for Palaeolithic objects because they are often highly alte- du Nord coexistant avec ceux de petite taille du bassin méditerra- red at their surface. However, some chemical markers such as the néen. D’autre part, le maximum glaciaire opéré au stade isotopique magnesium/calcium ratio and that of fluorine versus strontium 2 est enregistré par l’arrivée d’espèces froides comme Mammuthus and calcium seem to be characteristic for well preserved ivory on primigenius, absent de la région aux stades 6 et 4. one hand and well preserved bones of marine mammals. The limits

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 191 of this approach and the different parameters to consider for an cisions taken by fueguian hunter-gatherers. Macroscopically identified unambiguous identification of the material based on this method cut marks have been studied in two zooarchaeological assemblages of are also discussed. different age –one involving the use of these exotic raw materiales and S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral the other one formed before they became available in the island– and are used here, along with anatomical part representation, to assess the MULVILLE Jacqui similarities and differences between them. Cut mark frequency and distribution have been surveyed to analyse the variability involved in School of History and Archaeology, Cardiff University, Humanities Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, the butchery patterns and to find out whether the butchery processes UK CF10 3EU, [email protected] inferred present differences that can be related to the use of different Where the wild things are? Translocations and interac- tool sets, as well as to discuss if they match initial or final butchery. The comparison between these two bone assemblages with different tool tions with deer in the British and Irish Isles sets suggests that although there are some lines of evidence that could The mammalian fauna of Britain has ebbed and flowed in response to be more sensitive to differences in the butchery process, such as the climate change. At the end of the last Ice Age Britain, red deer and la- proportion of specimens with cut marks or the frequency, length and ter roe deer re-colonised, prospered and quickly dispersed across the other properties of the marks themselves, the use of metal and glass British mainland and out onto the closer off-shore islands. By the mid- tools may have not represented a strong difference in the way carcasses Holocene they are recorded from a wide range of more distant islands were butchered. Some constant characteristics, such the way animal and appear in Ireland for the first time. Their presence on outlying isles anatomy has limited butchery decisions, have been of key importance, has lead to debates as to their dispersal method and how they survived as revealed when these Fueguian data are compared with that of very in balance with human populations on what were often restricted and different cultural contexts. marginal environments. S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster This paper reviews the evidence for the timing and methods of deer dispersal to the off-shore islands and Ireland, and further examines how MUÑOZ A. Sebastián1 & CRUZ Isabel2 insular environments impacted upon, or were affected by, deer popula- 1, Laboratorio de Zooarqueología y Tafonomía de Zonas Áridas. CONICET-Museo de tions. The resulting deer diminution and its causes are discussed (island Antropología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Av. Yrigoyen 174, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina, dwarfism versus poor nutrition) and the nature of the human-cervid [email protected] relationship described. The off-shore islands demonstrate an atypical 2, Unidad Académica Río Gallegos, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral. Lisandro de la enduring relationship with deer which does not appear to conform Torre 1070, (9400) Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina, [email protected] to traditional hunter-prey exploitation models. Using zooarchaeologi- cal information and other archaeological data the nature of deer ex- Taphonomic observations on modern pinniped carcasses ploitation on islands is explored – in particular the significance of the and bone assemblages from Southern Patagonia coast enduring exploitation of new born red deer calves on Scottish islands. The potential for this evidence to generate new debates on wild animal A taphonomic perspective on pinniped bone accumulations is neces- inter-actions and management on islands, and in general, is discussed. sary to understanding the formation history of archaeological samples S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, poster and also to evaluating the accumulation chances and nature of natural pinniped bone concentrations in the Patagonian coast. This paper pre- MULVILLE Jacqui1 MADGWICK Richard1 & sents preliminary results obtained as part of a long term taphonomic program now in progress. The program aims at studying taphonomic 2 EVANS Jane processes acting on vertebrate carcasses which differ in some of their 1Cardiff University, School of History and Archaeology, Humanities Building, Colum Drive, main features -large and small, terrestrial and marine, etc.- but which Cardiff., Wales, [email protected], [email protected] are deposited under similar environmental conditions. Several pinni- 2 NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK, ped natural bone assemblages are being studied in Santa Cruz river [email protected] mouth, on the Atlantic coast of Southern Patagonia, four of which are Investigating Diagenesis and the Suitability of Porcine presented here. These assemblages represent different stages of car- Enamel for Strontium (87Sr/86Sr) Isotope Analysis cass disorganization and are deposited in two settings: the berm and the upper beach. Different taphonomic variables have been monitored Recent research has addressed animal movements, population origins since 2006, such as weathering, fracture, and burial degree. Carcass and the presence of non-local individuals through strontium isotope disorganization has also been considered whenever articulated body analysis of enamel. In pigs the applicability of these methods may be parts were present. The results of this four-year monitoring show dif- problematic due to a reported reduction in tooth mineralisation levels ferences in weathering, burial and carcass disarticulation and dispersal compared to humans and other ungulates. Thus porcine enamel may in both settings. Bone losses and gains have also been recorded. These be more porous and through diagenetic change, be more likely to re- long term systematic observations have led to research hypotheses flect the burial environment than provide a life signature. Published aimed at evaluating conditions and places where pinniped bones can archaeological datasets have exhibited overwhelmingly local Sr signa- be deposited and get mixed with archaeological materials, and repre- tures for pigs with only a single published example, from a Lapita popu- sent a contribution towards modeling carcass disarticulation processes lation, , providing a non-local strontium signature. as well as the weathering sequence of pinniped bones, two topics in Therefore the integrity of porcine enamel and its susceptibility to diage- need of further research. nesis must be established before further analyses. This paper presents S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral the results of research that examines the integrity of porcine enamel in two ways, by examining archaeological pig teeth from different sites with evidence suggesting the presence of non-local individuals and by 1 2 experimentally testing for diagenetic alteration. MUNRO Natalie D. & GROSMAN Leore S7-1. New Perspectives on Taphonomy, poster 1. University of Connecticut. Department of Anthropology, Unit 2176, 354 Mansfield Rd, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States. [email protected] 2. Hebrew University. Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Mount Scopus, 91905, MUÑOZ Sebastián Jerusalem, Israel. [email protected] Laboratorio de Zooarqueología y Tafonomía de Zonas Áridas. CONICET-Museo de Antropología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Av. Yrigoyen 174, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina, smunoz@ Animals in funerary contexts at Hilazon Tacthit Cave and conicet.gov.ar their implications for Natufian society Guanaco butchery by Hunter-Gatherers from Northern Tierra del Fuego Island, Southern Patagonia The late Natufian site, Hilazon Tachtit Cave (Israel), functioned prima- rily as a human burial site, although both domestic and ritual activities This poster presents evidence of butchery practices on guanaco (Lama were undertaken there. The site contains a variety of unusual animal guanicoe) bone assemblages from northern Tierra del Fuego island, deposits that were undoubtedly associated with funerary practice. southern Patagonia. It deals with the consequences that the incorpo- Some of these are directly interred within human graves while others ration of glass and metal raw materials may have had on butchery de- were likely produced during activities associated with human burial. In

192 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 particular, the butchered remains of parts of at least three aurochs (wild detect the influence of livestock on this behaviour have not been cattle) provide early evidence for feasting as do the butchered remains conducted in . This study will present findings of bone ana- of more than 70 tortoises that were later interred within the grave of a lysis collected from dens in wildlife protected (Samburu National unique female individual interpreted as a shaman. This particular grave Game Reserve and Community Conservancies in both Shompole also contains the specially deposited body-parts of other unique ani- and Samburu Group Ranches) and year round pastoralists’ areas. mals including an aurochs tail, a wild boar forearm, a leopard pelvis and Variability in skeletal part and species representation, the degree two marten skulls. These remains attest to the unique position of this of bone fragmentation and the intensity of tooth marking among individual within her community and to her special relationship with same size class livestock and wild prey remains will be compared. the animal world. Striped hyena dens in Shompole with known periods and seasons The animal remains from Hilazon Tachtit Cave have important implica- of occupation will aid in bone rate of accumulation calculation and tions for social life and ritual practice during the Natufian and the early its seasonal variation. Bone accumulation rate and ravaging for Neolithic periods that followed. First, the juxtaposition of animals, do- mestic activities and funerary events highlight the interaction between spotted hyenas is likely to be influenced in pastoralist’ areas due to domestic and ritual activities in everyday Natufian life. Second, the disturbance and overabundant livestock food supply during drou- context of the animal remains provides strong early evidence for com- ghts; leading to less bone damage and high rate of accumulation munal activities in the Natufian period including feasting and funerary compared to wildlife protected areas. This study will contribute ritual. Third, the very special treatment of one buried woman indica- to our understanding of hyena bone ravaging and accumulation tes that some individuals held elevated status in the Natufian period. patterns under different environmental conditions. Understanding Fourth, the early evidence for feasting, the presence of special indivi- the behavioral and ecological variability likely to influence bone duals and the prominent role of aurochs in ritual events heralds impor- accumulation patterns at dens used by different hyenas will allow tant Neolithic developments to come. This evidence attests to the im- us refine our knowledge of mechanisms underlying archaeological portance of deep-rooted local traditions in the transition to agriculture site formation processes and potential causes of variability in den and to the fact that social, ritual and economic change occurred hand assemblages. in hand across the transition to agriculture. S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral

1 2 Münzel, Susanne C. , Pacher, Martina & NADACHOWSKI Adam1,2, LIPECKI Grzegorz1 3 Athen, Kerstin & WOJTAL Piotr1 1, Institut Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters, Zentrum für 1, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, Universität Tübingen, Rümelinstr. 23, 72070 Tübingen, 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland, [email protected], [email protected], Germany [email protected] 2, Institute of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna and Station Lunz am See, Austrian Academy of Science, [email protected] 2, Department of Palaeozoology, Zoological Institute, Wrocław 3, Freelance Geologist and Palaeontologist, Marschnerstr. 45, 30167 Hannover, Germany University, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland Genetic Results versus Morphological and Biometrical Radiocarbon chronology of woolly mammoth (Mam- Analysis - the Case of Ursus spealaeus (sensu lato) muthus primigenius) from Poland

The high morphological variability of cave bears was one of the Many fossil mammoth remains from more then 300 localities have reasons to study their mitochondrial DNA. To archaeozoologists been discovered over last 170 years in Poland. First radiocarbon da- and palaeontologists the question arises, if there are any recognisa- tes of woolly mammoth were published in the 1960’s. These dates ble morphological differences between the three proposed major must be regarded with caution due to the used methods. Recently, about 40 fossil mammoth remains were radiocarbon dated by AMS lineages, since mitochondria are not directly related to the pheno- method in the Poznań Radiocarbon Laboratory. The dates range typical appearance of an individual. from ca. 52 ka BP to ca. 13,2 ka BP (> 50,0 – ca. 16,1 cal. BP) and can In three case studies we compare morphometrical data with results be correlated with Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 3 and OIS 2. A new from aDNA analyses, to detect correlations between particular ha- radiocarbon evidence fits into the well known colonization pattern plotypes and morphometrical characteristics. of Mammuthus primigenius in Central Europe and confirms a conti- 1. In the three close caves in the Swabian Jura of SW-Germany, nuous distribution in the Grudziądz Interstadial (middle Weichse- Geißenklösterle, Hohle Fels and Sirgenstein, the stratigraphically lian, OIS 3) and the onset of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). On the younger haplogroup 4 (Ursus ingressus) replaced quite suddenly other hand, the severe climatic circumstances lasting in conventio- the older haplogroup 1 (Ursus spelaeus) around 28.000 years BP. nal radiocarbon dates from ca. 22 ka BP to ca. 17 ka BP probably 2. Two different haplogroups existed over more than 15.000 years reduced the number of animals or even cased the withdrawal of next to each other in two neighbouring caves in Austria, Ramesch woolly mammoth from the area north from the Sudetes and the and Gamssulzen, suggesting no mitochondrial gene flow between Carpathian Mountains for 4-5 millennia. Only one date ca. 20,3 ka them. Thus, two different species, Ursus cf. eremus and Ursus ingres- BP (ca. 24,2 cal. ka BP) is available from this time-span. Mammuthus sus, were suggested. primigenius reappeared in southern Poland ca. 14,6 ka BP (ca. 17,9 3. Based on aDNA analyses, small-size bears from Kizel cave in the cal. BP) but soon had disappeared from this region because of mar- Urals, termed Ursus rossicus, represent a closely related sister group ked reduction in open habitats at the beginning of Late Glacial In- of Ursus ingressus despite their small size. terglacial warming. The latest available record from Poland is from Biometrical and statistical methods revealed distinguishing featu- Dzierżysław: 13,180±60 BP (ca. 15,600±400 cal. BP). res characteristic for the species Ursus spelaeus and Ursus deningeri. S4-2, Mammoth extinction: environmental vs anthropogenic factors, poster These tools seemed to be promising for the distinction of the res- pective lineages in cave bears. 1 S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster Najafi Enferadi Kamelia , NikHassan Shuhaimi Nik Abdui Rahman2 MWEBI Ogeto 1, University Kebangsaan , Selangor Darul Ehsan , UKM Bangi 43600 Malaysia, k_ [email protected] . National Museum of Kenya, Nairobi [email protected] 2, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan , UKM Bangi 43600 Malaysia, nahas@ The influence of livestock in the Feeding ecology of hye- ukm.my nas in pastoralists’ areas of Kenya Animal design in Iran at 3200B.C to500 B.C on lapis lazuli stone Studies to compare bone accumulation and ravaging behaviour of Lapis-lazuli is a gemstone which means blue stone. Lapis means free ranging hyenas in wildlife protected and pastoralists’ areas to stone and lazuli means blue colour in Persian language. The best

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 193 quality material contains less calcite and pyrite, It has been used and Blombos Cave will provide palaeoenvironmental information. not only as ornaments and also for amulets, cylinders ,scarab, sta- The Middle Stone Age sequences at the two sites form an essential tues and in inlays and mosaic . The first mine of lapis lazuli was part of the archaeological information available from the southern found in remote Sangsar of Badakhshan, Afghanistan since 6,000 Cape. years ago. The stone was exported by trade is using silk road and My presentation will contain preliminary results from the analyses other routes during the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia , of micromammals from Klasies River main site, with focus on the Egypt, Sudan, Iran…. lower levels of the Middle Stone Age sequence. There will also be a In around 3200-500B.C Iranian craftsmen made produced lapis la- short presentation of the preliminary results of the Blombos Cave zuli and some artefacts after several designs and shapes . some micromammalian fauna. time they used animal shape products and also manufactured me- S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral dallions, statutes, vessels ,other things .the can show which kind of animals were living in which area at various times in Iran. NIEMI Marianna1, TOURUNEN S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster Auli1,2, ISO-TOURU Terhi1, NYSTRÖM 3 1,2 NEEDS-HOWARTH Suzanne1 & Veronica , HARJULA Janne , 3 WILLIAMSON Ronald F.2 ANGERBJÖRN Anders ,TAAVITSAINEN Jussi- 2 4 1,5 1, Perca Zooarchaeological Research, 14 Grimthorpe Rd, Toronto ON M6C 1G3, Canada, Pekka , LIDÉN Kerstin , & KANTANEN Juha [email protected]. 1, Biotechnology and Food Research, MTT Agrifood Research , FI-31600 Jokioinen 2, Archaeological Services Inc., 528 Bathurst Street, Toronto ON M5S 2P9, Canada, rwilliamson@ Finland. [email protected] iasi.to 2, Department of Archaeology, University of Turku, 20014 University of Turku, Finland 3, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden Feeding and clothing the masses: The role of white-tailed 4, Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden 5, NordGen - Nordic Genetic Resource Center, P.O.Box 115, NO-1431 Aas, Norway.juha. deer in community planning in sixteenth century Onta- [email protected] rio Archaeological and genetic analysis of the Iron Towards the end of the fifteenth century, a coalescence of Iroquoian communities in Ontario resulted in domestic settings considerably Age and medieval domestic sheep populations more complex than those of preceding generations. It almost cer- in Finland tainly involved drastic transformations in social relationships and the use of domestic spaces. At the early sixteenth century ances- In addition to archaeological records, ancient DNA (aDNA) can shed tral Huron-Wendat Mantle site, for example, situated just northeast light on the history of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) but yet only few of present-day Toronto, as many as 50 were occupied studies have been made from the ancient sheep remains. To study simultaneously, implying a site population approaching 2000 peo- the prehistoric genetic diversity and population structure of the ple. past Finnish indigenous sheep population we combined zooar- The civic planning issues in these large, coalescent communities chaeological and DNA studies. We conducted osteological analysis were equalled by the subsistence challenges. In the absence of of the archaeological animal bone material and sequenced mito- domestic ungulates, the ideal food supply for such a large concen- chondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region in ancient sheep and mo- tration of people would be a predictable, reliable, plentiful source dern Eurasian sheep breeds. The sequence analysis was carried out of animal protein and fat that is amenable to mass capture and pre- on skeletal remains from 31 archaeological sheep originating from servation. That meant fish that aggregate in large numbers during several archaeological sites in Finland (ca. 900 -1700 AD) and in 96 spawning in cold weather (lake trout and lake whitefish) and white- sheep of three modern Finnish and seven Caucasian, Central and tailed deer, neither of which are evenly distributed in the landscape Eastern European breeds. We sequenced six overlapping fragments throughout the year. Deer has an advantage over fish in that it also of the mtDNA D-loop which yielded a total of 664 base pairs and provides raw material for clothing and tools. At Mantle, that may we found two haplogroups, A and B, in the ancient sheep remains be the reason why the animal bone assemblage is dominated by which were also found in the modern Finnish sheep breeds. In ad- deer. dition, zooarchaeological evidence will be used to examine the This paper explores variability in faunal assemblages among sites time and the direction of when sheep breeding was introduced to in the north shore of Lake Ontario area to assess the role of envi- Finland. ronmental and socio-political factors in the availability of deer in S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster community planning and well-being. NIVEN Laura1, DIBBLE Harold1,2& S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral MCPHERRON Shannon1 1. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, NEL Turid Hillestad Deutscher Platz 6, 04105 Leipzig, Germany, [email protected] , [email protected] 2. Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104 Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies and Religion, University of Bergen, Post USA, [email protected] Box 7805, 5020 Bergen, Norway, [email protected]

Middle Stone Age micromammals from the southern Large mammal exploitation in the Middle Palaeolithic at Cape, South Africa – palaeoenvironment and human Pech de l’Azé IV: Implications for Neanderthal sub- cultural evolution sistence, mobility and site use

Human behaviour is subject to the pressures exerted by climate, Pech de l’Azé IV (Dordogne, France) is a collapsed cave with a resources, population density and ideology among others. It has Middle Palaeolithic sequence spanning approximately 100 – 40 been argued that environmental stress may have been a key fac- ky BP. Recovered in association with a rich assemblage, tor that drove the development of new skills and technologies that the archaeofaunal remains from the 2000-2003 excavations were were required to cope in adverse environments. The objective of analyzed with the goals of reconstructing Neanderthal subsistence my Ph. D. thesis is to study how behavioural changes of early Homo behavior and site use. Medium to large ungulates dominate the sapiens in southern Africa may have been affected by climate du- faunal spectrum throughout the sequence. Corresponding to ring the Middle Stone Age (c.250 000 to 20 000 years ago). changing ecological conditions, either red deer or reindeer were Analyses of micromammals from two Middle Stone Age sites lo- the most common prey of Neanderthals, with bison and horse cated in the southern Cape of South Africa; Klasies River main site playing a minor role in subsistence. Site occupation and hunting

194 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 were concentrated in winter, spring and summer during the early mine the remains further to confirm the identifications and explore part of the sequence, but limited to spring and summer in later the relationships of the handle fragments before they were recons- occupations. Although there was consistency in prey choice in tructed and mounted for display. The handles were made from all occupations, the ways in which Neanderthals transported and whale and elephant ivory, antler, whale bone and horn in different exploited their prey was not consistent over time. Distinctly different combinations. Many of these materials had not been identified be- patterns are evident in skeletal part abundances, frequencies and fore in sword handles from the British Iron Age. distribution of cut marks and impacts, and the choice This paper will illustrate the benefits of integrating identification of male versus female prey. These patterns are particularly apparent and conservation. It will describe the construction of the handles in the cold-period occupations of the Quina Mousterian. Together and the criteria used in the identification of the materials. It will also with the changes in , the use of controlled fire, and explore the implications of these findings in terms of the provenan- spatial organization, the faunal data indicate that the function of ce of the swords, how the materials might have been acquired and, Pech IV changed throughout the Mousterian, which has important perhaps, the reasons behind the choices made. implications for Neanderthal mobility and subsistence behavior. S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral OLSEN Sandra L. 1 2 Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 5800 Baum Blvd., Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15206. olsens@ OCHOA Janine & PIPER Philip carnegiemnh.org 1, Department of Anthropology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101 Funerary Evidence for the Changing Roles of the Horse in 2, Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101 Ancient Egypt

Late Quaternary Vertebrates of Palawan Island, Philip- It is most evident in funerary contexts that horses served roles pines: Archaeozoological evidence for palaeoecological substantially different from those of other animals in ancient Egypt. As faunal exotica, horses were highly valued, rare commodities, change and anthropogenic impact held primarily in the possession of royalty, nobility, and the military. Excavations in cave sites in northern Palawan, Philippines for the Their depictions, particularly in the New Kingdom, in tomb reliefs past six years have yielded stratified and well-dated archaeological and paintings, as well as on artifacts furnishing the tombs, shed li- deposits containing much evidence for the terrestrial vertebrate ght on their functions in society. These sources, along with actual fauna of the island. Analyzed and compared in this study are assem- chariots placed in funerary chambers, emphasize the importance of blages from two sites, which are both located in the karstic Dewil the horse in warfare, hunting and processions. The horse and cha- Valley of El Nido. Ille Cave has produced a continuous archaeozoo- riot were representatives of the status and accomplishments of the logical record from the Terminal Pleistocene to the present whereas deceased. In contrast, riding was of minor importance and usually nearby Pasimbahan Cave provides a comparative record of middle restricted to grooms, messengers, and scouts. It was not until the th to late Holocene fossils. The analysis presents new taxonomic ac- Kushite dynasties of the 7 c. BCE that actual horses were sacrificed counts of carnivores and cervids in the Terminal Pleistocene, as well as a part of royal funerary practices. At el Kurru, 24 elaborately ador- as new fossil records of other mammal and geoemydid species. The ned horses were interred adjacent to the of the kings. study confirms the changes in the macrovertebrate composition of Funerary depictions and skeletal remains also inform about the the island fauna, as shown by the records of local extinction of deer changing breeds of horses imported into Egypt through time. The and tiger. These changes are attributed to the climatic amelioration horse brought by the Hyksos was a typical animal of medium hei- of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. The dramatic decrease in ght and strong build, Middle and New Kingdom depictions show a land area since the Last Glacial Maximum and changes in the vege- horse with a long face and back. However, by the rule of Thutmoses tation cover drastically changed Palawan’s environment. Human III, Egypt’s great expansionist, war booty included examples closely predation also likely exacerbated the rarity of some species. There resembling our modern Arabian horse breed. S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral is evidence that deer was intensively hunted throughout the island, and with the local extinction of two deer species, late Holocene fo- 1 2 ragers shift their hunting focus to the wild pig. O’REGAN Hannah J. , KUMAN Kathleen & S3-1, Climate change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral CLARKE Ronald. J.3. 1School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, O’CONNOR Sonia Liverpool, L3 3AF. UK. h.j.o’[email protected] 2School of Geography, Archaeology & Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, s.oconnor@ Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, Johannesburg, South [email protected] bradford.ac.uk 3School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa Exotic materials used in the construction of Iron Age sword handles from South Cave, UK The role of the Cape porcupine Hystrix africaeaustralis in assemblage accumulation in South Africa In 2002 a unique cache of Late Iron Age weapons where discove- red at South Cave in West Yorkshire. The bundle included 33 spea- Although it is known that porcupines collect and gnaw bones, few rheads and 5 iron swords in a pit in the fill of a ditch dated by pot- studies have been undertaken on their lair assemblages. In addition tery to the very late Iron Age or very early Romano-British period. very few fossil porcupine lairs have been recorded. Here we report The swords were sheathed in decorated copper alloy scabbards the results of an analysis of five porcupine-collected assemblages and, despite plough damage, 4 of the swords had the remains of or- from the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, including a reanalysis of ganic handles. The site was excavated by the Humber Archaeology the Nossob lairs discussed in Brain (1981) The Hunters or the hunted. Partnership and the cache was lifted by conservators from the York Our analysis shows that porcupines are collectors of cultural ma- Archaeological Trust, who also undertook the initial conservation terial such as pottery, glass and metal, as well as wood and bones. treatment to stabilise the finds. The conservation for display was Unlike other vertebrate bone accumulators no bias in the size of carried out at the Museum of London. species collected was noted, as the taxa recorded ranged in size Examination of the wet and shattered remains of the handles revea- from mongoose (Herpestinae indet.) to eland (Tragelaphus oryx). led a range of osseous materials. The presence of ivory in particu- However, there was a significantly relationship between the size of lar had implications for both the short-term storage of the handle the bone and the likelihood of having been gnawed, with larger remains and the selection of appropriate conservation treatments. bones being more likely to be gnawed than smaller bones. For all After they had been consolidated and dried, it was possible to exa- assemblages > 60% of the bones were gnawed by porcupines. Ha-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 195 ving compared these results to published data on lairs known to be ORTON David occupied by a number of different vertebrate species, we propose McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, that a threshold of a minimum of 60% porcupine gnawed bone Cambridge. CB2 3ER, UK., [email protected] should be used to discriminate between a porcupine accumula- tion, and those collected by a number of agents. The skeleton as map: using GIS technology to facilitate S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral the display and dissemination of anatomical data Zooarchaeologists often wish to display data from faunal assem- OROS SRŠEN Ankica blages on an idealised animal skeleton, with individual elements or

Institute for Quaternary paleontology and geology, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, portions coloured or shaded. Whether data relate to skeletal part Ante Kovačića 5, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia, [email protected] frequency, location of butchery marks, or taphonomic variables, presentation in anatomical form is both easier to interpret and vi- Comparison of two avifaunal assemblages from different sually more attractive than simple charts or tables of results. Produ- parts of eastern Adriatic coast, Croatia cing anatomical diagrams can be very time consuming, however, limiting the practicality of their use beyond the most obvious and The Adriatic basin experienced dramatic environmental changes important data categories. If the process of displaying anatomical during the Late Glacial period (ca. 20,000 -11,500 cal yr BP), in par- data could be made faster and simpler this would not only save a ticular owing to sea level rise. The impact of these changes on the considerable amount of time for analysts, but would also encoura- palaeoecology and past human subsistence is examined through a ge them to explore possible patterns in data categories that might comparison of Late Glacial avifauna from two Palaeolithic sites on not otherwise be considered in detail. the Croatian coast – Šandalja on peninsula of Istria (NW) This poster presents a new technique which uses GIS software to and cave on island of Korčula (SE). Although the SE part of link data directly into skeletal templates. Each template becomes the basin was affected first, the change in geography was relatively analogous to a map, with individual elements or portions treated slight owing to the steep coastline and relatively small size of the as separate features. The symbology options within ArcGIS can be exposed plain. The NW part of Adriatic basin, in contrast, suffered used to visualise data from an associated table in a wide variety of significant change, a loss of great plain during Late Glacial because ways. Apart from being an efficient way to analyse and present results, of sea level rise, slightly later in time (end of MIS 2 and beginning it is suggested that the use of such templates could facilitate data of MIS 1). Bird bones were taxonomically and taphonomically ana- exchange. As online publication becomes the norm, zooarchaeolo- lyzed in order to examine deposition processes, human use and gists are encouraged to share their anatomical data in this format, palaeoenvironment changes in the context of these geographic allowing quick and easy interrogation of their results by other re- contrasts. We recorded human use of birds at both sites as well searchers. as confirmed differences in avifauna composition due to different S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: geographic positions. In the context of these geographic contrasts new approaches to communication and collaboration, poster species indicative for rocky environment were significant in Vela spila and species common for humid and steppe environment in Østergaard Jesper S. Šandalja. Copenhagen University, , SAXO Institute, Njalsgade 80, Denmark. S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, poster [email protected] Orton David Zooarchaeology in the eastern Balkans and the Secon- Cambridge University, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, UK . dary Products Revolution [email protected] I will review recent zooarchaeological work in the eastern Balkans From the dead to the living: a critical reappraisal of the (Bulgaria and Rumania) from the Neolithic and Copper Age in or- secondary products concept der to investigate the Secondary Products Revolution model. This is the first review of the zooarchaeology in the eastern Balkans Most zooarchaeological studies of secondary products work on since Bökönyi’s (1974) seminal work. Since then, excavations have the basis that their extraction increases the value of living ani- generated a great deal of new material. Unfortunately, this data is mals, resulting in disincentives to slaughter that may be detected all spread across the Balkans in different museums and institutions, through kill-off patterns. This reasoning entails a tacit assumption making comparative work very difficult. Recently, I have been able that slaughter strategies reflect only the tangible benefits of lives- to compile a comparative database of this zooarchaeological ma- tock, a premise which is manifestly false given that herd animals terial. These data will provide a new perspective on the changes in frequently serve as prestige items, units of wealth, and markers of exploitation of domesticated that occurred between the Neolithic identity, even where supposedly raised for meat alone. Coupled and Copper Age of the eastern Balkans. (Bökönyi, S. 1974. History of Domestic Mammals in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest.) with concerns such as herd size, security, and growth trajectories, S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, poster this realisation undermines the basis on which exploitation for milk, wool, and traction is inferred. 1 Rather than abandoning efforts to detect use of secondary products OWEN Joseph.T.D. STRAND VIDARSDOTTIR, in prehistory, this paper argues that we should expand the concept Una2 ROWLEY-CONWY, Peter3 DOBNEY & to include both tangible products and intangible benefits such as KEITH M.4 prestige and the ability to participate in exchange. Both are impor- 1, Departments of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, tant for the role of animals in human society, they are likely to be DH1 3LE, United Kingdom. [email protected] interlinked, and they cannot be reliably separated zooarchaeologi- 2, Department of Anthropology, University of Durham. South Road, Durham , DH1 3LE, United cally. The social value of keeping livestock is not wholly dependent Kingdom. [email protected] 3, Department of Archaeology, University of Durham. South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United on the material benefits, however, and may indeed have created Kingdom. [email protected] the conditions for the adoption and refinement of dairying, trac- 4, Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, St. Mary’s, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, United [email protected] tion etc. as much as vice versa. If domestication entails a change in focus from the dead to the living animal (Meadow 1984), then Morphometric Variation in Wild and Domestic Sus Scrofa use of secondary products use represents a continuation of this direction. Traditional morphometrics have been used extensively to inves- S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, oral tigate the spread and adoption of the Neolithic revolution throu-

196 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 ghout Europe, based on the morphological distinctions between Après les importants sondages pratiqués par M. Féaux et le marquis wild and domestic animals and their interaction with humans. de Fayolle au début du XXème siècle, des fouilles plus méthodiques However, the use of Morphometry as a tool for recognizing domes- ont lieu de 1935 à 1939 sous la conduite de P.-E. Jude. Elles sont tication has rarely been far from controversy, with morphological publiées en 1960. Deux niveaux archéologiques sont distingués. Le variation caused by sex, phylogeography, age (ontogeny), and size plus ancien (couche II) est subdivisé en deux ensembles rapporta- (allometry) all clouding the distinctions between wild and domes- bles au Magdalénien supérieur et au Magdalénien final. La couche tic morphotypes. In recent years there have been calls for studies to III est attribuée à l’Azilien. Les occupations sont denses et sont asso- better quantify variables between wild and domestic species. ciées à des foyers structurés, à de la faune et à des industries lithi- This study uses 3D geometric morphometrics to investigate shape ques et osseuses remarquables conservées à Brantôme. change associated with domestication in Sus scrofa skulls. Sixty-ni- Les outillages en matières dures d’origine animale (bois de renne et ne unilateral homologous landmarks have been digitised from the os principalement) sont extrêmement abondants. Pour la plupart, mandible and cranium of wild and domesticated Sus scrofa, and ils sont richement ornés de motifs géométriques ou abstraits et de analysed using geometric morphometrics techniques and traditio- figures animales réalistes ou stylisées. nal multivariate statistics. Nous avons choisi de travailler sur les objets décorés façonnés sur The aim of this project is to create a modern comparative baseline des baguettes de bois de renne. L’absence de certaines parties acti- of wild versus domestic morphotypes, against which other genetic ves des outils et leur conservation parfois lacunaire rendent difficile and epigenetic causes of intraspecific variation can be compared. une stricte approche typologique. Toutefois, la catégorisation selon It will also allow inferences to be drawn about the causes of mor- le type de décor permet d’établir un certain nombre de groupes ho- phological variation in Sus in the archaeological record. mogènes qui sont mis en relation avec les types d’outils classiques S1-7, Geometric morphometrics in archaeozoology: comme les sagaies, les ciseaux, les pièces biseautées, les pièces in- applications and perspectives, oral termédiaires, etc. Ils entraînent une réflexion sur le rapport entre le décor et la fonction de l’objet. Padros Nuria S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster Institut Catala d’Arqueologia Classica (ICAC), Placa d’en Rovellat s/n, 43003, Tarragona, SPAIN, [email protected] PAJUELO PANDO Ana & LÓPEZ Estudio de los restos faunisticos provinentes de dos pozos ALDANA Pedro Manuel de la ciudad romana de Guissona (Cataluna, España): un Universidad de Sevilla. Dpto. de Prehistoria y Arqueología. C/Palma del Río, 24, 4ºB, 41008, ejemplo de la diversidad morfologica y morfometrica del Sevilla (España). [email protected] Canis familiaris en epoca romana Las ofrendas de animales en la necrópolis del Periodo Colonial Fenicio de la Angorilla (Alcalá del Río, Sevilla) El conjunto arqueofaunistico de los pozos de Guissona es pro- La muestra de restos óseos que presentamos corresponde al ajuar ducto de la amortizacion de estos como vertedero destinado a asociado a los enterramientos de inhumación e incineración de la recibir deshechos de forma diferencial y, sobretodo, oportunista necrópolis del Periodo Colonial Fenicio de La Angorilla que se lo- (conjuncion entre la presencia de cadaveres sobrantes, deshechos caliza a varios kilómetros al norte de la ciudad de Sevilla sobre un organicos o domesticos y la disponibilidad de utilizar el pozo aban- donado). Probablemente la sedimentacion de los pozos no corres- promontorio próximo al Río Guadalquivir. Los restos óseos de ani- ponde a una o varias actividades especificas sino a una sucesion males correspondientes a diferentes partes anatómicas y especies de hechos puntuales efectuados en funcion de la necesidad o de diferenciadas aparecen en contextos funerarios de inhumación; por los imperativos del momento. Consecuentemente, al contrario de el contrario, los contextos funerarios de incineración presentan una los conjuntos faunisticos urbanos tipicos, los pozos presentan unas particularidad manifiesta, ya que los únicos restos óseos faunísti- caracteristicas originales que los hacen especiales y unicos en rela- cos identificados, corresponden a astrágalos de ovejas y de cabras cion a los otros medios. Puede que no sean un reflejo evidente del como especies exclusivas. Este conjunto de astrágalos, modificados consumo y la dieta de la epoca, pero pueden aportar otras informa- parcialmente en su morfología, fueron probablemente incinerados ciones indispensables y complementarias para llegar a conocer la conjuntamente con los individuos como parte de la ofrenda. sociedad romana. S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster Se trata de restos de animales que componen un conjunto cerrado y protegido de remodelaciones posteriores a su deposito y con el PAJUELO PANDO, Ana, LÓPEZ ALDANA, valor anadido de encontrarse en un estado optimo de conserva- Pedro Manuel & MERCADO HERVAS Laura cion que permite caracterizar osteometricamente los individuos Universidad de Sevilla. Dpto. de Prehistoria y Arqueología. C/Palma del Río, 24, 4ºB, 41008, encontrados en conexion anatomica. De particular interes son las Sevilla (España). [email protected] diferencias morfologicas y morfometricas que se pueden observar de los restos de perros recuperados, testimoniando la diversidad, El ágape funerario: las ofrendas de los banquetes roma- ya descrita por los autores clasicos, de las razas y tipologias docu- nos de la necrópolis romana del Prado de San Sebastián, mentadas en epoca romana. Sevilla S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster A partir del análisis arqueozoológico de los restos animales y su , PAILLET Patrick MAN-ESTIER Elena & distribución por especies en la Necrópolis Romana de El Prado de VERCOUTERE Carole San Sebastián (Sevilla), podemos avanzar la hipótesis de que esta- mos ante los restos de banquetes propios de los rituales romanos. Département de Préhistoire du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, USM 103 / CNRS UMR 7194, IPH, 1 rue René Panhard 75 013 Paris – France, [email protected], [email protected], El NMI por U.E. y/o tumba parece indicar que sería sacrificado y [email protected] consumido un individuo o, eventualmente dos, por cada acto fu- nerario, predominando tres o cuatro especies: oveja/cabra, cerdo Réflexion sur les rapports entre décor et fonction des ob- y vaca. Debemos destacar la presencia de gran cantidad de restos jets - Exemple des objets sur baguette de bois de renne du de 1 individuo de Canis familiares (perro) asociados a un individuo site de (Dordogne, France) que se corresponde, según el estudio antropológico, con un indivi- duo infantil, lo que induce a pensar en que se trataría de un animal Le site de Rochereil s’ouvre en rive droite de la Dronne, au nord de de compañía. la Dordogne (Aquitaine, France). Il s’agit d’une grotte peu profonde. S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 197 PARKINSON Alexander Haig1, understand archaeological finds. They enlarge the interpretive ho- 1,2 3,4 rizon and may give some ideas as to why bones are present or ab- BACKWELL Lucinda Ruth , ROBERTS Eric , sent in archaeological sites. They may also provide explanations for D’ERRICO Francesco2,5, HUCHET Jean- the deposition and physical condition of bones. Carrying out such Bernard6 & VAL Aurore7, 8 investigations in Greenland is advantageous since certain present- day hunting sites have been used for centuries and similar methods 1, Bernhard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, University of the Witwatersrand, are still being used at these sites. However, it is mostly older Green- Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa, [email protected] 2, Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, land hunters who use traditional knowledge concerning settle- 2050, South Africa, [email protected] ment, hunting, and butchery technologies that have been handed 3, Department of Geology, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa, [email protected] down through the ages and passed on orally from one generation 4, Department of Geology, Southern Utah University, 351 West University Boulevard, Cedar City, to the next. Documenting hunting methods employed by today’s UT 84720, USA. 5, Institut de Prehistoire et de Geologie du Quaternaire, PACEA LAPP, UMR 5199, University of Greenland hunters offers a unique opportunity for preserving tra- Bordeaux 1, F-33405 Talence, France, [email protected] ditional knowledge before it is lost with the death of these people. 6, Laboratoire de Paléoanthropologie, CNRS UMR 5199 PACEA, University of Bordeaux 1, Investigations combining archaeozoological and ethnographical F-33405 Talence, France, [email protected] 7, Bernhard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, University of the Witwatersrand, sources that have already been carried out will be expanded in an Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa, [email protected] international scientific research program in cooperation with histo- 8, Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa rians, anthropologists, and archaeologists. S2-7. Circumpolar archaeozoology: Arctic hunter-gatherers in context, oral The effects of termites on mammal and bird bone 1 2 A variety of insect taxa have been shown to modify bones with their PATEL Ajita & MEADOW Richard mandibles, including the larvae of some beetles (Dermestidae, Tene- 1, Zooarchaeology Laboratory, Peabody Museum, Harvard University,11 Divinity Avenue, brionidae, Scarabaeoidea), flies (Calliphoridae), moths (Tineidae), wild Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, [email protected] 2, Zooarchaeology Laboratory, Peabody Museum, Harvard University,11 Divinity Avenue, bees (Halictidae), wasps (Sphecidae) as well as some known Families of Cambridge, MA 02138 USA, termites, of the Order Isoptera. Bone modification criteria are well do- [email protected] cumented for a number of these taxa, largely due to the fact that such studies have a wide spectrum of application, but the effects of termites Bovines and porcines in southern Asia: reconsideration of on bones remain under-studied. the zooarchaeology of the region in light of recent gene- The first reported case of termite modification of bone comes from Egypt and Nubia in 1911, and subsequently various researchers have tic evidence identified as termite damage modifications on human and other animal remains. These studies, however, have inferred termites as a modifying The Indo-Malaysian ecozone is home to a variety of wild bovine and agent without providing experimental data to support their diagnosis. porcine forms as well as to their domesticated relatives. Archaeo- The only actualistic study available in the literature concerns Australian zoology across this region is nascent, with little understanding of termites and only provides a general description of the resulting mo- the beginnings of the use of domestic animals and their spread. Of difications. the domesticates, zebu cattle, water buffalo, and pig were (and are) Our research aims are to produce experimentally, document microsco- the most important economically, and it is their faunal and gene- pically and analyse in detail the modifications caused by African ter- tic evidence that we review in this paper. Analyses of modern and mites. Our neoichnological experiment was conducted over the period ancient DNA indicate that both bovines were domesticated more of one year, in the dolomitic grassland close to the hominid-bearing than once in this region, and archaeological evidence indicates that sites within the , South Africa. Thirty-four bone they became widespread by the 1st millennium calBC. One region fragments derived from mammals and aves, of varying type (compact, of bovine domestication was in NW South Asia where zebu and wa- spongy, thin and thick cortical bone), and exhibiting different levels of ter buffalo were domesticated by at least the 6th and 3rd millennia preservation (fossil, weathered and fresh) were inserted into Trinerviter- S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, mes trinervoides mounds belonging to the Family Nasutitermitinae. The Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral experiment was designed to determine whether or not termites modify bones, and if so, the type of damage they produce, its distribution, if particular bone types are favoured, and whether higher rates of modifi- PATENAUDE Benjamin¹, PATOU- cation are evident during the summer or winter months. MATHIS Marylène² & BURKE Ariane¹ After six and twelve months the experimental bone fragments were 1. Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7. removed and analysed using an Olympus SZX 16 Multifocus micros- [email protected] ; [email protected] cope fitted with a digital camera at magnifications between 7 and 115x. 2. Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris, France. patmath@ Surface modifications were moulded using the Coltene President light mnhn.fr body dental elastomer. Resin replicas (Araldite M resin) obtained from these moulds were observed with a JEOL JSM-840 scanning electron Neanderthal Subsistence at Kabazi II (Crimea): The New microscope at magnifications between 60 - 600x. Results show thatTri- Data nervitermes, the most widely distributed termite found in South Africa, modifies bone in a number of ways. All experimental bones bear one It has been widely accepted that the disappearance and subse- or a combination of macro- and microscopic surface modifications that quent replacement of the Neanderthals by anatomically modern include star-shaped pit marks, multiple parallel incisions along edges, humans occurred in Europe between 35 000 and 30 000 BP. Howe- large borings, tiny pinprick holes and etching of the outer cortical la- ver, in certain regions such as the Crimea, the archaeological record mellae. suggests that Neanderthal populations may have persisted up until S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster 27 000 BP (McKinney1998, p. 347; Rink et al 1998, pp. 327, 333). The focus of our research has been on the subsistence practices at an PASDA Kerstin open-air Middle Paleolithic site, Kabazi II which is situated within Institute of Palaeoanatomy, and History of Veterinary Medicin, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität the second chain of the Crimean Mountains. Discovered in 1986, München, Kaulbachstrasse 37, D-80539 München, [email protected] and intensively excavated from 1987 to the mid 1990’s, Kabazi muenchen.de II served as a kill and butchery site for Neanderthal groups in the Connecting the present with the past: traditional hunting area. Previous faunal analyses at Kabazi II (Patou-Mathis 2003, 1998, methods and archaeozoological investigations in central 2005, 2006) indicate that the subsistence strategies of the Neander- west Greenland thals at Kabazi II were highly specialized and were primarily focused on hunting small herds of Equus hydruntinus. This paper presents Numerous data and methods are employed to help explain a ske- the analysis of previously unexamined faunal assemblages from letal accumulation. Ethnographical investigations may also help to upper-most levels of the Western Crimean Mousterian sequence,

198 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 in other words, those that correspond with the disappearance of PÉAN Stéphane1, BOCHERENS Hervé2 & Neanderthals from the archaeological record in that region. We will 2 examine how new materials contribute to our understanding of the DRUCKER Dorothée site as well as how this site articulates with the nearby sites of Kaba- 1, Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Département de Préhistoire, IPH, 1 rue René Panhard, F-75013 Paris, France, [email protected] zi V (Burke 1999; Patou-Mathis 2007) and Starosel’e (Burke 1998). 2, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Biogeologie, Universität Tübingen, Sigwartstrasse 10, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany, [email protected], [email protected] S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages tuebingen.de (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral Mammoth meat procurement during the Upper Palaeo- PAVAO-ZUCKERMAN Barnet lithic: evidence from archaeozoology and stable isotope analyses University of Arizona, 1013 East University Blvd., P.O. Box 210026, 85721-0026, Tucson, USA, [email protected] Mammoth meat consumption by prehistoric humans is still a debated issue relevant for understanding the possible involvement of humans Ranching, rendering, and regional economies in the in mammoth extinction. North American southwest Specific mammoth bone heaps have been yielded by Gravettian and Epigravettian archaeological sites from Central and Eastern Europe. Introduced Eurasian livestock played a central role in colonial-pe- Some of them are interpreted as dwelling structures. riod interactions between European and Native peoples. In North Archaeozoological and stable isotope analyses were carried on bone America, the entrenchment of Spanish colonialism was predicated materials from such deposits: Milovice (Gravettian, ~25 ky BP, Czech Re- on the successful establishment of livestock through the recruit- public) and Mezhyrich (Epigravettian, ~15 ky BP, Ukraine). Skeletal preservation, taphonomic modifications and age profiles of the ment of Native labour in support of animal husbandry. The presen- mammoth and other large mammal fossils contribute to interpret Milo- ce of viable herds, particularly within mission contexts, conveyed vice as a mammoth kill/butchery site and Mezhyrich as a long-termed some degree of ‘staying power’ on Spanish colonial enterprises, and and recurrent residential camp site, where mammoth treatment occur- where livestock struggled, so did the broader colonial program. red notably to yield meat resources. Successful ranching enterprises at missions ensured support for As mammoth exhibit a carbon and nitrogen isotopic signature in bone later colonial enterprises, and ultimately supported the emergence collagen different from that of coeval herbivorous mammals, it is possi- of global economic interactions. Zooarchaeological and ethno- ble to evaluate and compare, even quantitatively, the consumption of historical evidence from missions in southwestern North America mammoth meat by humans and other predators. Beside the indication indicates that native labour in the context of mission husbandry of mammoth as a probable dietary item, the possible contribution of served as the foundation for regional economic interactions and freshwater fish must be considered, for their apparently close isotopic strategies, including ranching, mining, and raiding that represent signatures. Taking into account both archaeozoological and stable isotope data al- the roots of modern global economic interactions. low to present a likely scenario about mammoth meat consumption by S2-5, Animals, and their bones, in the modern world (AD1750-1950), poster Upper Palaeolithic humans. S4-2, Mammoth extinction: environmental vs anthropogenic factors, poster

PAWŁOWSKA Kamilla PEARCY Ashley & WIJTTEN Zeno Institute of Geology, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden University PO Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. ashley. University, ul. Maków Polnych 16, 61-606 Poznań, Poland, [email protected] [email protected] The first data from the Late Hellenistic/Early Roman ani- Ecological implications of skull morphology in sympatric mal bone deposit from kiln infills in Catalhoyuk (TP area), apex predators Turkey In sympatric species of crocodilians, interspecific competition increases with similarity in skull shape. We used landmark analyses on crania Çatalhöyük, located 60 km southeast of Konya, lies in the Konya (n=159) of all extant crocodilian species (n=23) from five museum col- Valley in central Anatolia, Turkey. The digs in the TP area produced a lections to create interspecific competition relationships between five great amount of material for investigation, inter alia animal bones. sympatric species pairs. We corroborated this method with comparison The Hellenistic/Roman deposit of animal bones presented here to existing population models. The derived relationships exhibit a high came from kiln infills and also appeared in deposits surrounding similarity to expected population ratios and seem heavily linked to spe- the kilns. cies-specific niche. Relating physical characteristics of the body to ha- It is interesting that the animal bone deposits from the two types of bitat and nesting preferences of the sympatric Crocodylus porosus and kiln are different (the kiln types differ in construction: one type has C. mindorensis, we ascertain skull shape, through its allometry with the body, accounts for a major part of total interspecifc competition, there- perforated bases and two walls, and the other type is without walls, by being indicative of realized niche. We argue that the derived compe- surrounded by floor). tition values would aid conservation and management decisions where In the first type of kiln, the material looks like infill, but represents a impact of one apex predator on another is often unknown or underes- variety of sources. Moreover, worked bone was found in every infill timated, with insights into species-specific focus areas, such as nesting, of the kilns described: knucklebones, a bone point, and long bones food availability, basking space. They could when further explored lend which were probably used for polishing ceramics. It is also worth interesting considerations in studies on lineage and evolution. mentioning that spindle whorls were recovered from each of these S1-7, Geometric morphometrics in archaeozoology: contexts. The preliminary result of examinations indicates that the applications and perspectives, oral material is nonhomogeneous. The infill in the second type of kiln is the same as the infill of the PERRI Angela pits in which they were placed. In addition, the layers surrounding Durham University, Department of Archaeology, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE UK, a.r.perri@ the kilns have the same character, and they have the characteristics durham.ac.uk of infill. Interestingly, human bone has been found in each infill of Holocene Climate Change, Hunting Adaptations and Dog these kilns, mostly metacarpal and metatarsal. The question now is whether the presence of the same part of human skeletons in these Burials contexts is accidental or intentional. Current research on the Pleistocene-Holocene climate transition S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: shows dramatic global environmental effects. Among the changes archaeozoological evidence, poster was the establishment of a temperate broadleaf deciduous forest

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 199 in parts of the northern latitudes, particularly between 30°N and fox (Alopex lagopus L., 1758). Among a total of 1,241 bones identi- 60°N. Despite much work on this transition, little is known about fied to species, 1,214 were assigned to mammoth. Nine individuals, how human foragers adapted their hunting-gathering strategies to ranging in age from juvenile to adult, were defined. Comparative this new environment and its prey species. The rapid biome shift to analysis of the mammoth bones from layer I at Kostenki-14 with these forests included the introduction of species of deer and boar assemblages of similar age and cultural affiliation (i.e., Gravettian) which were regularly hunted. This work explores the role of dogs from Zarajsk and Avdeevo revealed that they differ with respect in the taking of these forest species--which are often solitary and to degree of weathering, represented skeletal elements, sorting, spatially dispersed--to decrease hunting risk when adapting to a thickness of associated sediment, ratio of right and left elements new environmental conditions. of both front and hind limbs, and the presence of bones found in Preliminary findings suggest significant parallel developments, in- anatomical order. In terms of these characteristics, the Kostenki-14 cluding the intentional burial of domesticated dogs, characterize assemblage is more similar to an assemblage of mammoth bones forager adaptations in the Archaic/Mesolithic temperate forests of that accumulated as a result of natural processes at Sevsk. Accor- several regions: Middle South U.S., Northern Europe and Central dingly, the Kostenki-14 mammoth bones might represent natural Japan. By the early Holocene dogs had long been domesticated, mortality rather than human hunting. A human presence is indica- yet it is not until this time that evidence for intentional dog burials ted, nevertheless, by isolated artifacts and cut-marks on the bones. is recorded. These burials decrease substantially in number or ter- S4-2, Mammoth extinction: environmental vs anthropogenic factors, poster minate completely with the advent of agricultural dependence in each area. It is posited that these intentional dog burials are an in- PETRUCCI Gabriella1, BERTOLINI dication of the importance of dogs in a temperate forest hunting 2 2 strategy, employed simultaneously by hunter-gatherer groups Marco , CATAGNANO Valentina & THUN across the world. HOHENSTEIN Ursula2 S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral 1, Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici del Friuli Venezia Giulia, 7 Piazza Libertà, Trieste, I-34123 Italy, [email protected] 1 2 2, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, 32 C.so Ercole I PETERS Joris & GRUPE Gisela d’Este, Ferrara, I-44121 Italy, [email protected], valentina.catagnano@student. 1, ArchaeoBioCenter and Institute of Palaeoanatomy and the History of Veterinary Medicine, unife.it, [email protected] Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Kaulbachstr. 37, D-80539 Munich, Germany, joris. [email protected] 2, ArchaeoBioCenter and Department I, Biodiversity Research/Anthropology, Ludwig- Fauna exploitation and animal hard tissue manufactu- Maximilian University Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 2, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany, G.Grupe@ ring during the Middle-Recent Bronze age in the Verona lrz.uni-muenchen.de area: the site of Bovolone (Verona, Italy) Stable carbon isotope analysis: No collagen = no infor- From 1996 to 2001, the excavation of two areas of Bovolone (VR), in mation on human palaeodiet and landscape utilisation? the North-Eastern Italy, revealed a settlement and its fauna, dated by pottery to the Middle-Late Bronze Age. The investigation have Soon after the introduction of stable carbon isotope analysis of the been carried out by the Soprintendenza per i Beni archeologici un- apatite phase in archaeological bone for palaeodietary reconstruc- der the scientific direction of L. Salzani. Faunal remains come from tion, the method was challenged because of possible altered isoto- two adjacent sectors: one at Via Pascoli and the second at Via Cro- pic ratios due to post mortem diagenesis. Since plausible 14C-dates sare, both referable to a single moment of occupation of the village can be obtained from the structural carbonate in cremated bones, dated to Medium-Recent Bronze Age. the issue of palaeodietary information hidden in the δ13C carbonate The fauna assemblage is mainly composed by domestic taxa but values of bones should be reconsidered. As for , burial also wild animals are present. The most represented animals are conditions can cause collagen to disintegrate completely, the only the cattle followed by pigs and caprovines. The presence of horse carbon preserved being found in the structural carbonate. δ13C carb and dog is documented. Among wild animals deer, roe deer and analyses of c. 600 animal and human bones collected in three PPN wild boar, some birds, and only one fragment of carapace of lacus- sites in SE-Anatolia (Göbekli Tepe, Nevalı Çori, Gürcütepe) showed trine turtle have been identified. Domestic animals have been re- significant differences between the δ13C-values of wild and domes- presented by all age classes. Traces of anthropic actions have been tic animals, with a significant proportion of C -plants in the diet of 4 identified mainly on the ungulates bones. Bone and antler manu- the latter. Since collagen was preserved in samples from Nevalı Çori facturing has been attested by the presence of objects with defined only, the reliability of the palaeodietary reconstruction for the other typology that are the result of specific débitage and façonage tech- two sites will be discussed. Topics addressed include the crystal and chemical properties of bone relative to burial conditions, post mor- niques. Bone elements, which have been exploited to obtain tools, tem diagenesis in wild vs. domestic animals, and the advantage of belongs to cattle, caprovines, horse and red deer. Bone artefacts are large samples. Since diagenesis inevitably takes place in archaeolo- in the most of the case well-finished products and present perfora- gical bone, it is to be decided whether to resign from palaeodietary tions, polishing and smoothing along the surfaces. Antler artefacts reconstructions based on structural carbonate or to elaborate pa- assemblage is composed by unfinished tools and some waste. laeodietary proxies to support or reject with adequate plausibility S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster earlier hypotheses. S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: PHOCA-COSMETATOU Nellie integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral Keble College, Oxford OX1 3PG, UK, [email protected]

PETROVA Ekaterina Transported economies and transformed landscapes in Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1,199034, Saint- the Neolithic Cyclades, Greece Petersburg, Russia, [email protected] When people settled on the Cycladic islands during the Neolithic Analysis of a Mammoth-Bone Accumulation in the Upper they brought with them their domestic animals. They encountered Paleolithic Site of Kostenki-14 (first cultural layer) none of the indigenous fauna, which had already gone extinct. This paper will examine the strategies people adopted in living on This paper presents the results of an analysis of a mammoth bone these islands through the study of the types of faunal resources assemblage excavated from the eastern part of the first layer at exploited and the herding strategies employed. The site of Ftelia, the Upper Paleolithic site Kostenki-14. Three species of mammals Mykonos, dated to the Late Neolithic and one of the earliest settle- were identified in this layer: woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primi- ments on the Cyclades, will constitute the case study. genius (Blumenbach, 1799)), wolf (Canis lupus L., 1758), and polar The emphasis will be on exploring the ways in which the transport

200 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 of animals and the settlement of the islands transformed these les, sex-ratios, pathologies related to traction and bones metrical marginal environments into mainland-type landscapes, and on the analysis. The study shows that cattle was a dual purpose animal in changes in their human perception this entailed. the loess region during the early Roman period. Evidence has also S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, oral been gathered on the development of specific breeding strategies to respond to the need for cattle in agricultural activities. Phoca-Cosmetatou Nellie S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: archaeozoological evidence, poster Keble College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PG, UK. [email protected]

Subsistence diversification in Late Glacial Italy: The Broad PILAAR BIRCH Suzanne Spectrum Revolution and the role of on-site economic ac- Grahame Clark Laboratory for Zooarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, University of tivities Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DZ United Kingdom, [email protected]

Human economic strategies during the Late Glacial are widely Dietary diversification and seasonal mobility as possi- thought to have been characterised by a diversification in the food ble responses to climate change and sea level rise in the spectrum exploited, variously related to the newly available resour- Istrian Peninsula and Kvarner Gulf of Croatia in the late ces following climatic warming and to human demographic pres- Pleistocene and early Holocene sures. The range of resources exploited by humans in the past can be a re- Climate and sea level constrain the abundance of primary pro- sult of multiple factors including the past human ecological niche, ducers (plants) and habitat size. This directly affects the seasonal the natural availability of resources, technological skills and social density and distribution of animal species, which inevitably has organisation, as well as characteristics of the site visit itself, such as implications for human decisions regarding what to eat, where to its length and purpose and the types of activities that were carried live, how long to stay there, and when to move. If human mobility out. is directly correlated with the availability of prey species, what are This presentation will explore the effect of such on-site activities on these species’ respective roles in the diet and during what parts of the diversity and characteristics of faunal assemblages. Drawing on the year are they locally obtainable in the time period and region examples from Late Glacial sites in Northeast Italy, the diversifica- being studied? Based on zooarchaeological and isotopic evidence, tion in the food spectrum towards the end of the Pleistocene will do changes in human mobility appear to be responses to fluctua- be critically assessed. ting resource availability? If so, do diversification strategies, such S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early as the inclusion of both marine and terrestrial species in the diet, Holocene, poster negate the need to relocate? Finally, to what extent is human sub- sistence environmentally determined? The project seeks to answer PIGIÈRE Fabienne these questions spanning the gradual transition from post-glacial foraging lifestyles at the Pleistocene/Holocene transition (11,000 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, years BP) to the introduction of pastoralism during the early Neo- Belgium, [email protected] lithic (6,000 years BP) in the Istrian Peninsula and Kvarner Gulf of Camelids in the Northern Provinces of the Roman Empire Croatia. A multi-proxy approach using both traditional zooar- chaeological and stable isotope analyses of teeth and shell includes The import of camelids to the Northern Provinces of the Roman material from the upland cave sites of Vela Špilja Lošinj, Pupićina, Empire has been attested in the past by the bone finds from several and Nugljanska. S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response, and Archaeozoology, oral archaeological sites in Gaul, the Germanies and Britain. However, few data are available on the camel species represented in this 1,2 1 part of the Empire. Yet, the role of the camels and the conditions PIONNIER-CAPITAN Maud , TRESSET Anne , of their introduction are very conjectural. New data have recently CORNETTE Raphael3, BĂLĂŞESCU Adrian4, been gathered to document the topic further. Eight camel bones 5 6 discovered in two contexts from Late Roman Arlon (Belgium) have SABLIN Mikhail , ARBOGAST Rose-Marie , been studied and can be attributed to dromedary. The osteometri- BREHARD Stéphanie1, MASHKOUR Marjan1, cal study of two first phalanges shows the robustness of the animal VALLA François7, HÄNNI Catherine2, and points towards the possible presence of a castrated individual. 3 1 Based on this new discovery and an inventory of 18 sites with ca- BAYLAC Michel & VIGNE Jean-Denis melids bones finds, I will study which camels were imported, the 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : chronology of the import and the type of sites on which the ca- sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] 2, CNRS/INRA/Université Claude Bernard Lyon I /ENS - UMR 5242 Institut de Génomique melids bones are represented. Considering also the textual sources Fonctionnelle de Lyon, IFR128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 and the iconography, the uses of the camels and the way(s) of their Allée d’Italie F- 69364 Lyon, France. [email protected], [email protected] 3, CNRS/MNHN - UMR 5202 Origine, Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversité, Entomologie, 45 introduction in the Northern Roman Province will be discussed. rue Buffon F-75005 Paris, France. S1-3, Old World Camelids, oral 4, Musée National d’Histoire de la Roumanie, Centre National de Recherches Pluridisciplinaires, 12 Calea Victoriei, 030026 Bucarest, Romania. PIGIÈRE Fabienne 5, Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia. 6, CNRS- UMR 7044 Maison Interuniversitaire des Sciences de l’Homme- Alsace, 5 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium, fabienne. allée du Général Rouvillois F-67083 Strasbourg, France. [email protected] 7, CNRS - UMR 7041 Ethnologie Préhistorique, M.A.E. 21, allée de l’Université, F-92023 Nanterre, France The development of cattle husbandry in the Belgian loess region during the Roman period Geometric morphometrics: a new approach to unders- tand processes of dog domestications. With the development of a market economy during the early Ro- man period in northern Gaul, cattle husbandry became of central We apply geometric morphometrics to prehistoric dogs in order to economic importance. In order to further document the impact of discriminate archeological populations by underlining morpholo- this phenomenon, an extensive archaeozoological study has been gical variations in the shape of teeth and mandibles. Several Euro- done on Iron Age and Roman sites from the Belgian loess region. pean Paleolithic and Neolithic sites were studied. The results obtai- The cattle husbandry practices have been approached by the use ned enable us to define morphological groups within the studied and the combination of various archaeozoological data: age profi- samples. It is also possible to compare these results with data from

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 201 ancient DNA analysis of archaeological dog remains (including our and impacts of some the exotic introduced taxa on the structure, own unpublished results, and previously published research). The composition and biodiversity of the island faunas of the region. correlation of these groups with specific processes or events (i.e. S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, oral domestication, Neolithization, regionalization…) will be discussed. We show that geometric morphometrics is a good method to study dog populations, especially for the study of morphological varia- PIPER Philip J.1 & RABETT Ryan J.2 tions that could have occurred in this species during early prehis- 1, Archaeological Studies Program, Palma Hall, University of the Philippines, Diliman 1101, toric times. Quezon City, Philippines, [email protected] S1-7, Geometric morphometrics in archaeozoology: 2, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing St., applications and perspectives, oral Cambridge, UK, [email protected]

PIONNIER-CAPITAN1,2 Maud, ORLANDO1 Technological innovation and changes in hunting strate- gy at the end of the Pleistocene in Island and Peninsular 1 1 Ludovic, DUFFRAISSE Marilyne, GILLET Southeast Asia and its regional implications Benjamin, TRESSET2 Anne, BĂLĂŞESCU3 4 5 In 1957, in his seminal work ‘The Stone Age of Indonesia,’ Hendrik Adrian, SABLIN Mikhail V., ARBOGAST Robbert van Heekeren reported the discovery of what he termed Rose-Marie, BREHARD2 Stéphanie, the Sampung Bone Industry, on account of the abundance of os- MASHKOUR2 Marjan, VALLA6 François, seous artefacts recorded in early Holocene deposits at Sampung and other cave sites in eastern Indonesia. More recent excavations 2 1 VIGNE Jean-Denis & HÄNNI Catherine have shown that the proliferation of bone implements is associated 1, CNRS/INRA/Université Claude Bernard Lyon I /ENS - UMR 5242 Institut de Génomique with a diversification in hunting strategy and an increase in arbo- Fonctionnelle de Lyon, IFR128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 real taxa in the archaeological record. Zooarchaeological studies at Allée d’Italie F- 69364 Lyon, France. [email protected] or [email protected] 2, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : Niah Cave in Malaysian Borneo suggest that the sudden increase in sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] bone tool production was not restricted to Java but was perhaps a 3, Musée National d’Histoire de la Roumanie, Centre National de Recherches Pluridisciplinaires, 12 Calea Victoriei, more regional phenomenon extending from mainland Southeast 030026 Bucarest, Roumanie Asia as far as the Birds Head in New Guinea. The appearance of 4, Zoological Institute RAS, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia new bone technologies across the region accords well with genetic 5, CNRS - UMR 6565 and IPNA-Institut für Prähistorische und Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, 145 Spalenring, CH-4055 Basel, Suisse. evidence suggesting increasing human mobility at the end of the 6, CNRS - UMR 7041 Ethnologie Préhistorique, M.A.E. 21, allée de l’Université, F-92023 Nanterre, Pleistocene in response to rising sea levels and the inundation of France the Sunda Shelf. In this presentation the authors discuss the impor- tant new insights that research at Niah has provided into the ap- Dog domestications or when matching osteoarchaeo- pearance of a new bone tool technology, technological innovation, logy and paleogenetics feeds the debate tool production, raw material procurement and changes in hunting strategy and its regional implications. The origins of dog’s domestication are an old debate, still discussed , respectively, with other regions yet to be identified from archaeo- today. Old World archaeological data plea for numerous more or zoological evidence. Possibilities include, for zebu, elsewhere in N less independent geographical origins, in South-western Europe South Asia and, for water buffalo, in NE South Asia or farther east in (Spain and France), Central and Northern Europe, the Near East and the N Indo-Malaysian region. In contrast, pigs have a long history China. Conversely, geneticists are divided between a single domes- of intensive domestic use throughout China by the 6th millennium tication event and multiple, independent regional origins. calBC. However, pig remains in archaeological sites are few in num- We try to bring some new answers by matching osteoarchaeology ber in western and southern South Asia until the 1st millennium and paleogenetics. With ancient DNA approaches and numerous calBC. Genetic evidence from modern populations suggests that 14C datings, we studied more than 60 ancient dogs from different wild pigs from N SE Asia made an important contribution to the sites in Eurasia dated from the end of the Paleolithic to the end of populations of the rest of the region, with their descendants being the Neolithic. transported to Island SE Asia and beyond. Our results identify the existence of at least three independent do- mestication events, widely spread throughout Eurasia. They also S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, highlight that after the Neolithization process, genetic diversity was Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral progressively reorganized. The results do not contradict the sce- nario of a more or less unique origin of the modern domestic dog. Pipes Marie-Lorraine1, Kruk Janusz2, On the contrary, they suggest that dog lineages suffered a strong 3 bottleneck between the Neolithic and modern times. Finally, the Makowicz-Poliszot Danuta & aDNA results emphasize that studies which only consider modern Milisauskas Sarunas4 genetic diversity of dogs are unable to fully explain the complexity 1, State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Anthropology, Buffalo, NY, USA of past events. ([email protected]); S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral 2, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Kraków, Poland; 3, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Kraków, Poland; 4, State University of New York at Buffalo, Department of Anthropology, NY, USA PIPER Philip J. Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines, Palma Hall Building, Diliman, Reassessing the archaeological data for wool-bearing Quezon City 1101, Philippines, [email protected] sheep during the Middle to Late Neolithic at Bronocice, Poland Prehistoric animal translocations in the Wallacean Is- lands of Southeast Asia and their impacts on endemic Few archaeologists argue for the presence of wool-bearing sheep faunas in the Middle to Late Neolithic, Central Europe. Sheep specimens showing slight morphological variability, lack of sheep imagery, The isolated islands of Wallacea, separating the placental mammals and absence of wool argue against wool production. Based on mor- of Asia from the marsupials of Australasia, possess some of the tality patterns it is argued sheep were raised for meat. At some sites most spectacular endemic faunas on the planet. These once pristi- in southeastern Poland sheep mortality patterns do not fit a meat ne island communities have however been considerably altered by herd profile. Bronocice data suggest sheep rearing was complex the human-derived introduction of a number of invasive wild and and that incipient wool production occurred there during the Mid- domestic animals. This presentation explores the possible origin dle to Late Neolithic. This is based on the study of faunal deposits

202 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 spanning 1200 years during which sheep ratios and mortality pat- POBINER Briana terns varied relative to other domesticates. It also based on the idea Smithsonian Institution (NMNH).10th & Constitution Avenue, NW, MRC 112, 20560-0112, that genetic variability and phenotype expression are not always Washington, USA, [email protected] tied to size and stature. Bronocice hornless sheep appeared in the Late Neolithic similar in size and stature to previous herds. Similar Taxon-specific bone damage patterns of larger african data from the nearby sites of Niedżwiedż and Zawarża support the carnivores: implications for testing hypotheses of early presence of wool-bearing sheep before the Early Bronze Age. hominin carcass acquisition S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, oral Hypotheses of early hominin carcass acquisition often involve sca- venging from larger carnivores; but which carnivores? Hypothetical 1 2 correlates of hominin ecology and behavior vary depending on PLUG Ina & BADENHORST Shaw which carnivore taxa hominins may have been scavenging from. 1. Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of South Africa, c/o PO Box 21022, Here I present a study of bone damage patterns documented on Valhalla 0137, South Africa. [email protected] 2. Department of Archaeozoology, Transvaal Museum and Department of Anthropology and remains of kills of African carnivores (spotted hyena, lion, leopard, Archaeology, University of South Africa, c/o PO Box 423, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. cheetah, jackal). Carnivore bone damage patterns are conditioned by carnivore taxon (most likely explained by body size and/or jaw Archaeofauna from some sites in Africa south of the Lim- strength) and prey size, age, and bone density. For instance, the lo- popo during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition with re- cation and intensity of damage inflicted by spotted hyenas on larger ference to the Holocene prey resembles that of lions on smaller prey; a similar relationship is seen in damage inflicted by lions in larger prey and leopards on South Africa has a wide range of climate zones. The east, central smaller prey. This documented scaling in gross bone modification and northern parts experience summer rainfall. In the west and and destruction with increasing carcass size and bone-eating capa- bilities suggests that general taxon-specific patterns of skeletal ele- southwest, rain falls mainly in the winter and between these ex- ment and portion survival can be diagnosed for modern and fossil tremes, there is a zone with some rain throughout the year. The carnivore consumers on particular carcass sizes. If bone destruction climate is subtropical in the low-lying northeast and above the capabilities of fossil carnivores can be specified, it should be pos- eastern escarpment, gradually becomes drier to semi-arid, arid and sible on the basis of fossil skeletal element and portion profiles to desert conditions in the west. Open savanna and high altitude gras- eliminate particular carnivore taxa from consideration as the last slands characterize the north, but the south central region consists modifiers of bones from individual carcass size classes. This has im- mainly of semi-arid and arid plains. A variety of species inhabit each portant implications for identifying carnivore species involved with of these zones, with some typical of that particular zone. The fluc- zooarchaeological assemblages. tuation in climatic changes from the Pleistocene to the Holocene S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral and climate variations during the Holocene are reflected, to some degree in the fauna and the number of sites identified during each PÖLLATH Nadja change. The picture is complex as the changes within the Holocene ArchaeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Kaulbachstr. 37, 80539 München, are not uniform throughout the region and manifest differences Germany. [email protected] where some areas were wetter and/or warmer and others drier and/or cooler at the same time. This mosaic of temperature and Surviving in a profoundly changing landscape: The mid- moisture difference makes it difficult to achieve a comprehensive Holocene archaeofaunal record from Abu Tabari (NW-Su- overview of the Holocene climate changes. We illustrate some of dan) the problems by discussing the fauna from sites in the mountains of , one on the northern escarpment and refer to other sites Animal remains collected from three mid-Holocene sites situated elsewhere in southern Africa. in the Abu Tabari region (eastern Sahara, NW-Sudan) are in focus of S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, oral this study. Although chronologically quite close, the qualitative and quantitative differences in the consecutive archaeozoological in- ventories imply major environmental changes during occupation, PLUG Ina1 & BADENHORST Shaw1,2 from an arid tree savanna and scrub vegetation with considerable 1. Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of South Africa, c/o PO Box 21022, biomass and a diverse wildlife during the early phase of site occu- Valhalla, 0137, South Africa. [email protected] pation dating to the 4th millennium BC to a more arid ambience re- 2. Department of Archaeozoology, Transvaal Museum, PO Box 413, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa, sembling the present-day southern Sahel in the 3rd millennium BC. [email protected] These changing natural conditions obviously forced human groups Environmental Change and Hunting Behaviour during to adjust their subsistence strategies and food patterns with time. Faunal analysis provides concrete insights into the way prehistoric the Middle Stone Age in South Africa people coped with the increasingly arid conditions characterising their living space. Animal remains from archaeological sites can inform faunal ana- S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, oral lysts on environmental changes over long time periods. The Middle Stone Age (MSA) in South Africa, spanning more than 80,000 years, 1 1,2 has yielded some of the oldest evidence for modern human beha- PÖLLATH Nadja & PETERS Joris viour. In this paper, we investigate environmental changes as reflec- 1, ArchaeoBioCenter Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Kaulbachstr. 37, 80539 München, [email protected] ted in the relative contributions of browsers compared to grazers at 2, Bayerische Staatssammlung für Anthropologie und Paläoanatomie, Karolinenplatz 2, 80333 three MSA sites, namely Blombos Cave, Sibudu and Bushman Rock München, [email protected] Shelter. Although other MSA sites with faunas are present in South Africa, these three MSA sites were selected as they all have different Shannon Entropy and its Possible Application in Archaeo- phases, and the fauna can be used to make per-site comparisons. zoology As data from oxygen isotopes indicate, the MSA was characterised by major climatic and environmental changes. We investigate the Diversity indices are widely used in ecological research to describe impact of environmental changes on prey selection. the structure of a community and to evaluate diversity within and between faunal communities. In archaeozoology, these tools are S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages seldom applied, since the requirements as defined for biological (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral samples are rarely or almost never fulfilled due to the different na-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 203 ture of archaeozoological samples. The most important drawback telle que sa mise à mort devient un meurtre et demande un contrat is the taxonomic level of identification. Based exclusively on their moral avec une autorité supérieure nécessaire jusqu’à la créer ad skeletal remains, some taxa can only be identified to the genus or hoc dans l’institution du sacrifice. La rémanence du végétal dans family level, and not to the species level, which is usually required le lait l’abouche avec les sucs et sucres végétaux (lactose, fructose for statistically testing aspects such as biodiversity. This clearly im- sont évocateurs), la communication passant par les étages supé- pedes the direct implementation of biodiversity indices. However, rieurs de la perception (parfums, saveurs, couleurs) et la recherche even if applied to the level of the genus or family, such an approach d’un arbre à lait apparaissant comme une «quête du graal» où le lait can still be useful for evaluating archaeozoological assemblages d’amandes marque une étape ; il semble que plus on marche vers le in terms of local ecological setting, past environmental conditions soleil levant, plus la métaphore végétale joue, le soja apparaissant or subsistence activities. Archaeofaunas from prehistoric sites in comme le point de fuite de cette perspective. north-eastern Africa and from Pre-Pottery Neolithic contexts in up- (The English and French versions of the full text of the presentation are per Mesopotamia serve to illustrate the potential of applying Shan- available on request to the author). non entropy in archaeozoology. S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, oral S1-4, New developments in biogeography, oral Powell Adrienne 1 2 Popkin Peter , Baker Polydora , Worley Cardiff University, Colum Road, CF10 3XU, Cardiff, United Kingdom, [email protected] Fay3, Hammon Andy4, Payne Sebastian5 1, 4 St. Road, Portsmouth, P05 1QN, [email protected] Resource exploitation at roman Butrint, Albania 2, Environmental Studies, English Heritage, Fort Cumberland, Fort Cumberland Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO4 9LD, UK, [email protected] The World Heritage site of Butrint is located on a promontory on the 3: Environmental Studies, English Heritage, Fort Cumberland, Fort Cumberland Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO4 9LD, UK, [email protected] southwest coast of Albania, separated from the island of Corfu by a 4, English Heritage Yorkshire and Humber Regional Office, 37 Tanner Row, York Y01 6WP, andy. narrow strait. The site has been occupied since at least the 8th cen- [email protected]. uk tury BC. By the 4th century BC a walled settlement was established 5, Waterhouse Square, 138-142 Holborn, London, EC1N 2ST, sebastian.payne@english-heritage. org.uk and the city became a successful cult site, dedicated to Aesclepius. Augustus founded a colony at Butrint and the town seems to have The Sheep Project: recent results on skeletal maturation remained a relatively small Roman port until the 6th century. Little and morphometric variation in unimproved Shetland is known of the site between the 7th and later 9th centuries. Its la- sheep ter medieval history was turbulent as the town was involved first in the power struggles between Byzantium and successive Norman, The sheep project was set up in order to investigate the effect of cas- Angevin and Venetian states and second in the conflict between tration, breeding age and nutritional plane on measurements, epi- Venice and the Ottoman Turks. physial fusion and tooth eruption and wear in the sheep skeleton. Since 1994 excavations have been undertaken by a joint Anglo-Al- The project, a collaborative venture between English Heritage and banian team. Key areas of excavation include a late-antique palatial the Scottish Agricultural College (SAC), aimed at investigating the dwelling known as the Triconch Palace, a Roman villa (a possible origins of the medieval wool industry, focuses on a population of location of the villa of Cicero’s correspondent Atticus), and a major 356 unimproved Shetland sheep evenly distributed between ewes suburb of the town, located on the plain in front of the walled city. bred at different ages, rams and wethers, raised on high and low This paper presents the faunal remains recovered by the excava- nutritional planes. This paper discusses variation in bone measure- tions, concentrating on the imperial and late antique phases, explo- ments between sex and nutritional cohorts, age related change in ring topics such as the relationship between the city proper and the bone growth, and the effect of breeding age and nutrition in ewes. extra-mural areas, the utilisation of wild resources, both mamma- The analyses show that metric variability (variance) is strongest in lian and avian, temporal change in husbandry practices and in the rams, with little difference evident between females and wethers, nature of the livestock and evidence for trade in raw materials. and with nutrition having less influence on variance in any sex co- S2-3, Empires, oral hort. The correlation between age and growth is lowest for females 1 and highest for wethers, and more correlations are evident in low PRADO José Luis ; ARROYO-CABRALES nutrition animals than in the high nutrition groups. The effect of Joaquín2; JOHNSON Eileen3 ALBERDI María nutrition varies between limbs and bone dimensions in the sex co- 4 2 horts and between female breeding groups. Fusion consistently Teresa & POLACO Oscar J. occurs first in ewes, then rams and is delayed in wethers relative to 1, INCUAPA, Dto. Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional del Centro both. The influence of sex, nutrition and breeding on the archaeo- de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Del Valle 5737, CP B7400JWI Olavarría, Argentina, jprado@soc. unicen.edu.ar logical interpretation of sheep husbandry from skeletal remains is 2, Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, Subdirección de Laboratorios y Apoyo Académico, INAH, critically discussed. Moneda # 16, Col. Centro, 06060 México, DF, México, [email protected] 3, Museum of Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3191, USA, [email protected] S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral 4, Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, José Abascal Gutiérrez, 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain, [email protected] Poplin François New World Proboscideans Extinctions: comparisons UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] between North and South America

Anthropozoologie de la domestication laitière In South America, generally accepted dates place humans in coastal Chile and Patagonia at ≈13.1 to ≈12.6 KYA (calibrated radiocarbon Le lait tire sa substance d’un être de chair et de sang et de végé- ages), and sites no older than ≈11.9 KYA are common in other areas. taux substantiels et chargés de parfums, par un système digestif à Gomphotheres became extinct in the late Pleistocene, probably double cycle et fermentation in vivo, celui des ruminants, qui sont after humans arrived and as climate changed. However, bone da- aussi les animaux vrais producteurs de viande («tu bois mon lait, tu tes suggest that in many regions of South America, especially the manges ma viande»). Le porc, «outlaw» de la domestication laitière, Pampean region of Argentina and Uruguay (≈18.5 to ≈22.2 KYA), échappe aux règles et peut être vu de manières diverses, prêtant gomphotheres already were gone when the first humans arrived. à des tiraillements humains. La relation d’allaitement va jusqu’à la Although gomphothere remains are present at and formation au langage en communication faciale avec la mère, tout other sites, they do not appear to have been important for human autre chez l’animal. L’échange sanguo-sanguin du placenta se répli- subsistence. In North America, human presence also is accepted que dans la relation du lait maternel aux laits extra-spécifiques, pro- around ≈11.5 KYA. Gomphotheres range throughout much of duisant de la para-parenté animalière, une familiarité avec l’animal México into the US Southwest. Very few places are known with da-

204 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 ted Quaternary gomphotheres, and most of them are considered as (Pymva Shor, Northern Pre Urals, Russia) to see if climate warming paleontological localities rather than archaeological sites. Contro- events after the Last Glacial Maximum had detectable effects on versial human evidence has been proposed for Valsequillo (Pue- the genetic variation of this arctic rodent species, which is strongly bla, México), where gomphotheres coexisted with mammoth and associated with a cold and dry climate. mastodons. Recent findings in northern Sonora, on more secure Using three dimensional network reconstructions we found a dra- grounds, point to a human-gomphothere relationship around ≈11 matic decline in genetic diversity following the LGM. Model-based KYA. No human-gomphothere association is documented in the approaches such as Approximate Bayesian Computation and US. Gomphotheres apparently survived until the end of the Pleisto- Markov Chain Monte Carlo based Bayesian inference show that cene, but certainly those survivors were unique relict populations. there is evidence for a population decline in the collared lemming Gomphothere extinction is driven more by climate and ecosystem following the LGM, with the population size dropping to a mini- changes that through human interactions. mum during the Greenland Interstadial 1 warming phase at 14.5 S4-2, Mammoth extinction: environmental vs anthropogenic factors, oral kyrs BP. Such local population extinctions of collared lemmings as a result PRENDERGAST Mary of the predicted future climate change would have severe effects on the arctic ecosystem, as collared lemmings are a key species in St Louis University in Madrid, calle Albarracin 4, Ch. 24, 28660, Boadilla del Monte, Spain. [email protected] the trophic interactions and ecosystem processes in the Arctic. S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster Hunters and herders at the periphery: the spread of pas- toralism in east Africa and zooarchaeological problems Prummel Wietske1, Zeiler Jørn2 & Esser Kinie3 The origins and early spread of pastoralism in Kenya have been well documented over the last 40 years. However, as one approa- 1, Groningen Institute of Archaeology, Poststraat 6, 9712 ER, Groningen, THE NETHERLANDS, [email protected] ches the southernmost boundary of so-called “pastoralist” ceramics 2, Blekenweg 61, NL-9753 JN Haren, the Netherlands, [email protected] in Tanzania, the evidence for dedicated herding becomes far less 3, Archeoplan Eco, Oude Delft 224, NL-2611 HJ, Delft, [email protected] compelling, and ostensible signals of hunter-herder interaction are stronger. Considering recently published work on cattle genetics The archaeozoology of power: animal husbandry, hun- and the impact of zoonotic diseases, there is a strong case to be ting, fowling and fishing in the northern Netherlands (Ro- made for a hiatus in the spread of pastoralism at this latitude, ena- man period and early Middle Ages) bling a long period of hunter-herder contact. Recent excavations and analyses of four sites near Lake Eyasi – in- In this presentation we discuss the faunal remains from the artifi- terpreted via comparisons with ethnoarchaeological data – suggest cial dwelling mound of Wijnaldum (Frisia, Netherlands), that was that during the last two millennia the basin was a complex interac- inhabited in the Roman period and Early Middle Ages. The site is tion zone for foragers and food producers, as it is today. Compa- supposed to have been a ‘royal’ site, or at least that of a person with rison with all contemporaneous sites in Tanzania shows that such power during Early Medieval times. We consider whether the ani- interaction was a defining feature of this region, as has been pre- mal remains support this supposition, and try to find out whether viously suggested elsewhere. There appear to be some differences having power over an area resulted in a different use of the lands- in landscape use among hunters vs. herders. However, a number of cape for animal husbandry, hunting, fowling and fishing. lacunae in the zooarchaeological and archaeological data prevent S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral us from understanding the nature of their interaction, as well as the tempo and extent of herder penetration in Lakes Eyasi and Victoria, PRUVOST Melanie1,2, CIESLACK Michael1, the Serengeti and beyond. It is argued that more extensive research 3 1 in Tanzania, targeting specific site types, will be central to unders- REISSMANNMonika , LUDWIG Arne , tanding the development of East African pastoralism. HOFREITER Michael4 & BENECKE Norbert2 S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, oral 1, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10252 Berlin, Germany. melpruvost@ googlemail.com PROST, Stefan1;2;3;*, SMIRNOV, Nickolay4 , 2, German Archaeological Institute, Im Dol 4-6, 14165 Berlin, Germany 3, Institute for Animal Sciences, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany FEDOROV, Vadim B5, SOMMER, Robert S.6, 4, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany STILLER, Mathias1;7, NAGEL, Doris2, KNAPP, 5, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 1;8 1;9 Michael & HOFREITER, Michael Ancient DNA draws picture of wild and early domestica- 1, Research Group Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, ted horses: evolution of the coat color during the domes- Leipzig, Germany. [email protected] 2, Department of Paleontology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria tication 3, Present Address: Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna, Austria 4, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia The question about the origins of horse domestication is inherently 5, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA 6, Ecology Centre, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany interdisciplinary, each approach facing their own limits. Indeed 7, Present Address: Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, classic morphological indicators of domestication cannot be found Pennsylvania, USA in horse population. Therefore the distinction between wild and 8, Present Address: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand domesticated horses is controversial before the first direct eviden- 9, Present Address: Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK ce around 3000 BC. The analysis of ancient mtDNA has improved our ability to study Influence of Climate Warming on Arctic Mammals? New the domestication process. But due to its high variability among Insights from Ancient DNA Studies of the Collared Lem- modern and ancient horse populations, the genetic analysis failed ming Dicrostonyx torquatus to reveal either time or place of horse domestication. Nowadays the knowledge about horse genetics has rapidly increased with the Global temperature increased by approximately half a degree (Cel- development of the new sequencing technologies. This opens new sius) within the last 150 years. Even this moderate warming had perspectives to study horse domestication with ancient DNA. major impacts on Earth’s ecological and biological systems, espe- We were able for the first time to address the question of horse do- cially in the Arctic where the magnitude of abiotic changes even mestication by analyzing nuclear markers directly linked to early exceeds those in temperate and tropical biomes. We sequenced breeding practice. Coat color is an easily detectable phenotypic ancient and modern DNA of the collared lemming (Dicrostonyx tor- trait, which was likely a major goal of breeders since the beginning quatus), which is a key species of the arctic biota, from a single site of domestication.

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 205 We successfully typed for a dozen nuclear markers in more than tem indicate on the mitochondrial level a genetic structure of Ho- 90 horse samples from the Pleistocene to medieval times. Through locene aurochs populations that is more complex than previously the example of Early Bronze Age horses from South-East Europe, thought. We will show how these results impact on the reconstruc- we will present the advantage and limits of our methodological tion of the domestication process of the aurochs. approach and show the importance of the archeozoological data S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster for the interpretation of the results regarding the determination between wild and domesticated horses. PUTELAT Olivier S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral POLE D’ARCHEOLOGIE INTERDEPARTEMENTAL RHENAN (PAIR) - 2, allée Thomas Edison. ZA Sud – CIRSUD. 67600 SELESTAT. [email protected] PRUVOST Mélanie1, DE LIMA GUIMARAES Silvia1, SCHWARZ Reinhard1, Les restes animaux en contexte funéraire dans l’Alsace du HOFREITER Michael2, GAUTIER Mathieu3, premier Moyen Âge HO Simon4, BERTRAND Bénédicte1, Les « écrits fondateurs » (Salin 1959 ; Young 1977) soulignent la ra- 1 1 réfaction du dépôt d’offrandes alimentaires stricto sensu en Gaule LIOUVILLE Marie , BESSA CORREIA Virginia , mérovingienne, par rapport à la période gallo-romaine. Toutefois, MEYER Matthias2, DEPAULIS Frantz5, des découvertes récentes montrent qu’en Alsace au VIème-VIIème s., BRAGUIER Sévérine6, DAVIS Simon7, la fréquence de l’offrande animale, lorsqu’elle est attestée, est sou- 8 9 vent bien supérieure à ce qui est observé par ailleurs dans la moitié HACHEM Lamys , HONGO Hitomi , nord de la Gaule. ILGEZDI Gülçin10, LIESAU von LETTOW- Nous proposons ici, en nous basant sur l’étude archéozoologique de 11 12 trois regroupements funéraires mérovingiens, récemment fouillés VORBECK Corina , ÖZDOGAN Mehmet , en Alsace dans le cadre d’opérations archéologiques préventives, 13 14 PETERS Joris , TAGLIACOZZO Antonio , d’aborder la méthodologie d’analyse des données fauniques (que UERPMANN Hans-Peter15, GRANGE Thierry1 documenter au minimum sur le terrain, quel statut attribuer au 1 reste osseux, comment quantifier le « repas des morts » ?). & GEIGL Eva-Maria Nous montrerons ensuite que, dans l’Alsace du premier Moyen Âge 1, Institut Jacques Monod CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, 15, rue Hélène Brion, 75013 Paris, et ses régions limitrophes, l’analyse des dépôts animaux en contex- France. [email protected] or [email protected] or te funéraire met en évidence des rites ou des coutumes mortuaires, [email protected] or [email protected] or [email protected] or [email protected] or [email protected] souvent corrélés à la place des défunts dans la société et à leur ap- 2, Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6 04103 Leipzig, partenance à la sphère culturelle germanique. Germany. [email protected] or [email protected] 3, INRA, UMR de Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France. S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral [email protected] 4, Evolution, Ecology & Genetics, Research School of Biology, Gould Wing, Building 116, Australian National University, ACT 0200 Canberra, Australia. [email protected] PUZACHENKO Andrey 5, Ecole normale supérieure UMR 7625 - Fonctionnement et Evolution des Systèmes Ecologiques, Laboratoire d’Écologie, 46 rue d’Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France. [email protected] Institute of Geography RAS, Staromonetny 29, Moscow 109017 Russia, [email protected] 6, [email protected] 7, Instituto Português de Arqueologia (IGESPAR), Avenida da Índia 136 Lisboa, Portugal. [email protected] Multivariate analysis for the reconstructions in 8, Institut National de Recherches Archéologies Préventives (INRAP), 32 rue Delizy, 93500 Pantin, France, and 2, Maison de l’Archéologie et de l’Ethnologie, 21 allée de l’Université, palaeobiogeography 92023 Nanterre, France. Maison de l’Archéologie et de l’Environnement, UMR 7041, Arscan, Protohistoire Européenne, Nanterre, France. [email protected] or [email protected] A large number of dates (14С, AMS) have been accumulated in the paris10.fr 9, School of Advanced Sciences, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura, Late Pleistocene palaeontological databases of Europe. For exam- Kanagawa, 240-0193 Japan. [email protected] ple, the PALEOFAUNA database alone (Markova et al., 1995; 2008) 10, Prehistorya Middle East Technical University, ODTÜ-Kent 1607/5, 06531 Ankara, Turkey. [email protected] includes about 3300 dates obtained from 300 mammalian species 11, Dpto de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Autónoma de from different localities. Traditional methods appeared unworkable Madrid, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid corina. [email protected] when analyzing such data sets. Applying new methods, we have 12, Prehistorya Anabalim Dali, Edebiyat Fakultesi, Istanbul University, 24459 Istanbul, Turkey. [email protected] obtained new information about spatial-temporal changes in mam- 13, Institut für Palaeoanatomie und Geschichte der Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität malian assemblages during the Late Pleistocene. As a part of the München, Kaulbachstr. 37/111, 80539 Munich, Germany. [email protected] muenchen.de NWO-RFBS project, nonparametric multidimensional scaling (MDS) 14, Soprintendenza al Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico «Luigi Pigorini», Piazzale and cluster analysis have been successfully used to reconstruct Guglielmo Marconi, 14 – 00144 Roma, Italy. [email protected]. 15, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie Late Weischelian mammal assemblages and analyse their structure des Mittelalters, Abteilung Ältere Urgeschichte und Quartärökologie, Zentrum für and their ranges within Europe. MDS is a special case of ordination Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie, Rümelinstr. 23, 72070 Tübingen, Germany. hans-peter. (Kruskal, 1964). Data analysis included several steps: testing of the [email protected] data distribution, choice of metrics, computation of dissimilarities Phylogeography and domestication of the aurochs between localities, estimation of the number of the virtual ‘factors’ (MDS axes) and their interpretation. A good non-linear correlation The domestication of the aurochs is being studied for quite a while between MDS axes and geographical coordinates of the localities is by both archaeozoologists and palaeogeneticists. It is still not en- revealed in this analysis. Hypothetically, this result reflects the ex- tirely clear, however, which aurochs populations were initially do- istence of an energetically powerful ‘mechanism’ of ‘spatial order’ mesticated and whether and where post-domestication events during the last glaciation. took place. Moreover, our knowledge about the genetic diversity of S1-4, New developments in biogeography, oral aurochs populations is still sparse. We engaged in a close collabora- tion between palaeogeneticists and archaeozoologists to study the Rabinovich Rivka phylogeography and genetic diversity of B. primigenius during the Institute of Earth Sciences, National Natural History Collections and the Institute of Archaeology, Holocene and its impact on cattle domestication. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. In the course of this study, we developed palaeogenetic methods that allowed us to overcome a substantial part of commonly occur- How many elephant are there - comparative taphonomy ring contamination with modern bovine DNA leading to erroneous of the straight-tusk elephant results. We will show how these problems can bias studies of the domestication of cattle. Fragments of elephant teeth and bones are an integral part of The results of our study using our contamination-free analysis sys- Lower Paleolithic sites. But poor bone conservation, limited size

206 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 of excavation areas and post depositional effects resulted in small RAMOS NOVELO Carolina sample per site, commonly dominated by teeth. In the Lower Paleolithic open-air site of Revadim (southern coastal Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Facultad de Ciencias Antropológicas, Km. 1 Carretera Mérida-Tizimín, Cholul CP 97305, Yucatán, México, [email protected] plain, Israel) surface finds of lithics and faunal remains were found 2 2 scattered over an area of ca. 3,500 m . The excavation of 250 m is The record of European mammal bones in colonial among the largest conducted in sites of this period. The site has the largest elephant assemblage known in the southern Levant of contexts in Yucatan, Mexico, from the 16th to the 19th the straight tusk elephant (Palaeloxodon antiquus). This species is Century represented by numerous elements (teeth, tusks, scapulae, pelvi- This is a preliminary study, which seeks to emphasize the impor- ses, vertebrae, ribs and long bone shafts). The presence of young, tance of zooarchaeological research combined with historical re- old and prime adults is inferred from dental data. Some of the ele- phant remains occur in clusters in connection with numerous flint search. The goal of the present project is to study the different uses artifacts. of domestic animals of European origin by the colonial population Thus, we have the opportunity to study in detail the elephant re- of Yucatán, employing analytical techniques of taphonomic and mains and their connection to the archaeological setting by stu- osteological identification. The sample analysed comes from the dying the spatial distribution, surface modifications, and relation to colonial town of Izamal and the Hermitage of Santa Isabel, located the other sites aspects. in Mérida, Yucatán. This poster investigates the changes that occurred in the diet or S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral lifestyle of the people of the region after the arrival of new animal species. In this sense, the taphonomic and osteological analyses RADOVIĆ Siniša represent an adequate means to identify not only the taxa used Institute for Quaternary Palaeontology and Geology, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts; for consumption, but also the domesticates employed to perform Ante Kovačića 5, HR – 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia, [email protected] other tasks, such as pulling carts, as well as those animals used in both contexts. Our analyses suggest that during the colonial period Archaeozoology in the Eastern Adriatic the Maya consumed new species of animals, domesticates introdu- ced by the Spanish, on a large scale. They did not, however, stop Until the 1950’s, archaeology in the Eastern Adriatic region was using some wild species for common food consumption. focused on Classical and Medieval periods, when prehistoric ar- S2-5, Animals, and their bones, in the modern world (AD1750-1950), poster chaeology came to light. However, the focus stayed on artifacts and architecture, while remains of animals were neglected. The only exception was palaeontological research on Pleistocene faunas by Ramos NOVELO Carolina Mirko Malez. True archaeozoological research started in the 1980’s Facultad de Ciencias Antropologicas, U.A.D.Y., km 1. Carr. Merida-Tizimin, Cholul, 97305, Merida, with the emergence of multidisciplinary, international, systematic MEXICO, [email protected] excavations followed by faunal analyses. Archaeozoology is now recognized by most archaeologists as elementary for understan- A taphonomic and osteomorphometric approach to the ding the nature of the site and its formation. The aim of this paper study of prehispanic dog breeds from the northern Maya is to present the state of art in archaeozoology in this region. The Lowlands subject is divided into sections covering: 1) The evolution of this discipline as practiced for different periods (Palaeontology, Prehis- The present work consists of a taphonomic and osteomorphome- tory, Classical/Medieval periods); 2) The organizational structures, tric study of archaeofaunal remains from dogs excavated at prehis- approaches, and backgrounds of archaeozoologists; 3) Thematic panic sites of the northern Maya lowlands, dating to the Classic and directions of current research (subsistence, economy, rituals, iden- Postclassic periods (ca. AD 250-1500).This study goes beyond the tity). information provided by other types of data, such as ceramics or S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, oral iconography. The materials studied come from disturbed contexts in the Maya sites of Chichen Itza, Champoton, Xcambo, Siho, and RADU Valentin 1, 2 & DESSE-BERSET Nathalie2 Yaxuna. During this research project osteomorphometric studies were used 1, National History Museum of Romania, [email protected] 2, CÉPAM-CNRS/université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, UMR 6130, [email protected] to establish parameters between different skeletal specimens that formed the sample so that they could be compared to the five stan- The fish from Zamostje and its importance for the last dard breeds of dogs present in precolumbian Mesoamerica. Tapho- hunter-gatherers of the Russian Plain (Mesolithic-Neo- nomic studies were used to determine which of the marks on the lithic) bones were the results of human action and which were caused by other factors. Zamostje, located on the river Dubna, a tributary of the Volga, Finally, it is noted that most of the bone measurements used in the was as early as the Mesolithic and Neolithic an important site for analysis were retaken from the studies of von den Driesch (1976), hunting as well as fishing: thousands of fish bones, very well pre- while a fraction were proposed by the author in order to comple- served in a wet environment were excavated here. Many fishing- ment the research data. We determined that at least four of the five related implements have also been recovered: bark floats, hooks, breeds of dogs were present in the Maya area in pre-Columbian harpoons, tools for scaling the fish, and two fish-traps containing times. the skeletons of several trapped fish. S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral The analysis of several thousand fish bones (recovered using a 1 mm mesh sieve) now provide a clear picture of the species diver- Ray Ranjana sity present during the entire habitation duration at this site; these Department of Anthropology, Calcutta University, 49/53, Prince Gulam Md. Shah Road, Kolkata are mainly pike (Esox lucius), perch (Perca fluviatilis) and Cyprinids. 700033, India, [email protected] Our analysis also allows for size reconstructions of the captured fish, providing information on the fishing techniques used and the Man and animal relationships during early Holocene ti- seasonality of fishing activities. mes in India This is the first comprehensive study of fish remains from Zamostje, key to understanding the importance and techniques of fishing in Early Holocene culture in India is largely represented by microlithic this exceptionally rich site during the different stages of its habi- tools and is generally called the “Mesolithic”. The culture has a pan- tation. Indian distribution, with a subsistence economy based on hunting S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral & gathering. Although plant remains are scanty, there are a num-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 207 ber of excavated Mesolithic sites that have yielded animal remains. them. A careful study of these remains allowed us to make some These provide important evidence on the ecology & subsistence climatological hypothesis based on the different ecological adapta- practices of early Holocene peoples. The Mesolithic way of life tions of the identified species. The result of our work is that it seems continued for a long time in India, with some of the hunting-gathe- that a small cold oscillation affected the central Mediterranean du- ring tribes of the central peninsula still living in much the same way ring the generally warm Bronze age. as did their more ancient predecessors. Chronological mapping S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, poster shows that hunting & gathering existed contemporaneously not only with Neolithic farming and pastoral lifeways but also into later Rehazek Andre1 & NUSSBAUMER Marc2 periods as well. There are a number of Mesolithic sites, some as old 1, Natural History Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, CH-3005, Bern, SWITZERLAND, andre. as 8000 BP, where both wild & domesticated varieties of animals are [email protected] found. My presentation discusses man-animal relationships among 2, Museum of Natural History Berne, Bernastrasse 15, CH-3005 Berne, Switzerland, marc. [email protected] early Holocene hunter-gatherers as well as the importance of such relationships for giving rise to food producing economies, especial- Why sex alone won’t explain the shape variation in me- ly animal husbandry. Moreover, I show that some form of symbiotic relationship existed between groups of hunter-gatherers and far- dieval cattle metapodials from Bern, Switzerland. A mul- ming communities in the early Holocene. Standard anthropologi- tivariate approach cal methodology is followed for the study. Ethnographic examples from present day tribal communities are also taken into considera- Osteometric measurement of cattle metapodials can under certain tion for proper understanding of the relationship. circumstances provide reasonably correct information on the si- S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, zes of the animals and their sex. Ultimately, with enough data, this Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral may lead to understanding the cultural background and economic impact of cattle stockbreeding and husbandry. We present an ex- READY Elspeth tensive osteometric and statistical review of cattle metapodials from a medieval site (13th and 14th Century) in Bern, Switzerland, Department of Anthropology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, which has provided 65 metacarpals and 43 metatarsals from adult Canada K9J 7B8, [email protected] cattle. Interestingly, multivariate analysis of seven measurements hunting in the Atlantic Pyrenees: Mousterian shows – at least with the metatarsals – four distinct clusters. This clearly prevents us from assigning the clusters to the two (three if faunal remains from Gatzarria Cave we consider the oxen) sexes. We therefore assume that in medieval This poster presents the results of the first detailed zooarchaeologi- Bern respectively in its surroundings at least two different native cal and taphonomic study of faunal remains from Gatzarria, a cave breeds of cattle must have existed. We discuss our results against site in the French Basque Country. Gatzarria contains a detailed se- the background of possible geographic, climatic or special rearing quence across the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition. Howe- conditions. The evaluation of body size shows that medieval cattle ver, existing archaeostratigraphic divisions of the Middle Ensemble in Bern weighted between 75 kg and 150kg and had a height at (Ej) at Gatzarria are problematic and were re-evaluated during this the withers between 100cm and 115-120cm. Our results clearly de- research. This study focuses on a stratigraphically-secure sample of monstrate that certain care has to be exercised when sexing and faunal remains from Mousterian level Cj. This assemblage demons- sizing cattle by osteometric analysis of metapodials. trates a predominantly human occupation of the cave during the S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster time period sampled. Hominid hunting practices focused on large ungulate species, primarily red deer. Nevertheless, smaller, less REIGADAS María del Carmen profitable ungulates were included in the maximum diet breadth. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, INAPL, 3 de Febrero 1378, (1426) Buenos Aires, Argentina, The sample is dominated by major marrow-bearing elements, sug- [email protected] gesting that transport decisions were conditioned by the marrow content of bones. The spectrum of hunted fauna and patterns of The archaeological animal fibers analysis and its utility carcass transport and utilization at Gatzarria are consistent with for the reconstruction of the trends in the economic stra- other late Mousterian faunal assemblages in both Cantabria and tegies during the Holocene (Northwest, Argentina) southwestern France. S5-4, Variability in human hunting behavior during Oxygen Isotope Stages Animals fibers morphology brings us, integrated with other type of (OIS) 3/4: implications for understanding modern human origins, poster evidence, useful information to the reconstruction of the develop- ment of hunter-gatherer strategies and the identification of chan- REBBECCHI Daniela1, CHILARDI Salvatore1, ges in the man- fauna relationship. TUSA Sebastiano1-2 We revisiting the relevance and the utility of these studies to the taxonomical identifications and the discrimination of sources of 1. Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa, Via Santa Caterina da Siena 37 – 80135 Naples morphological variation as domestication process, animal charac- (Italy), [email protected] 2. Soprintendenza del Mare – Regione Siciliana, Via Lungarini 9 - 90133 Palermo (Italy), teristics, environmental and seasonal factors and fiber selection [email protected] procedements during the manufacturers production. We comment the constitution of a new agenda tending to broad New climatological data on the IInd millennium BC: the the information generated for the enunciated topics and new data avifaunal remains from the Mursia settlement on the is- obtained from cortical cells studies. land of Pantelleria (central Mediterranean, Italy) This presentation includes the advance obtained from information proceding from the morphological study of fleeces and manufac- Bird remains from archaeological sites can provide us useful data turers recovered from different sites located in the septentrional concerning climate in the past. The excavations of the Bronze age “puna” (Jujuy, Argentina) and meridional “puna” (Catamarca, Argen- settlement of Mursia on the island of Pantelleria have brought to tina) dated from 10000 to 800 AP aproximatly. light several large with different shapes and a complex strati- From a technical- methodological perspective the data obtained graphy with at least three different phases. The settlement was built allow us to discuss the procedements, indicators and observa- on a large area and dated to the IInd millennium BC. Several exotic tions. From a theorical perspective, it discuss in coevolutive terms products coming from the eastern Mediterranean testify that the the explotation and uses of faunal resources and the presence of island of Pantelleria was part of a complex commercial net. indicators which evidence an intensification of the man- camelids A large faunal assemblage with thousands of bird remains was re- relationship in the Norwest of Argentina. covered from inside the huts and from the open spaces between S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster

208 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 REIGADAS M. Carmen1 & MONDINI Mariana2 ner. These studies were conducted by I.G. Pidoplichko, V.I. Bibikova (Zubareva), N.G. Belan (Timchenko), K.V. Kapelist, O.L. Korotkevich, 1, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, INAPL, 3 de Febrero 1378, (1426) Buenos Aires, Argentina, [email protected] V.O. Topachevskiy. Three archeozoologists are currently working in 2, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Museo de Antropología, UNC-CONICET, Av. H. Yrigoyen 174, Ukraine: Oleh Zhuravlev, Olena Sekerska and Andrey Starkin. Stu- (5000) Córdoba, Argentina, [email protected] dies on both Paleolithic and Neolithic stands and sites of ancient settlements and settlements from the Neolite to late Middle Ages Holocene hunter-gatherers in the Puna. Integrating and even to 17th-18th century are undertaken. It has been found a zooarchaeological evidence in Antofagasta de la Sierra storage of hunting booty and home animals and changes in it in ar- (Argentina) chaeological sights in the territory of Ukraine and adjoining regions during the above-mentioned periods. Studies and comparison of Zooarchaeological information is presented on Holocene archaeo- wild mammal populations was conducted, with the help of bone logical sites in Antofagasta de la Sierra, in the Argentinean Puna, remains. Age, sexual and breed composition of domestic animals in order to understand hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies in and their changes are set both in a middle of the same historical context. Taphonomic and zooarchaeological approaches are inte- period and between different historical periods. The results of these grated, and osteometric and dental analyses are complemented studies have been published in many articles and monographs. For with microscopic fiber analyses to study camelid remains, which almost three decades the only evidence of stratified and well docu- are the most abundant. Inter-site variability is discussed, as while mented Lower and Middle Palaeolithic in Ukraine was reported for vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) was preferentially exploited in some oc- the Korolevo, situated in the west of Carpathian arch. Till now this cupations, guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is more abundant in others. locality remains the most important in the country and provides Progressive control on segments of camelid populations is inferred. four Lower Palaeolithic assemblages, of which two were recogni- These patterns are in turn compared to those in other Puna areas, zed below the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary. Meanwhile, several and inferences on hunter-gatherer ecology are discussed, such as new stratified localities were discovered recently; among these are their incorporation in the regional faunal community and the in- Malyj Rakovets IV, situated in the Central European part of Ukraine, tensification in their relationships to camelids. Medzhybozh and Maslovo located in western skirt of the East Euro- pean plain. All these localities are aged to the Middle Pleistocene, S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral but only Medzhybozh yields rich and various biostratigraphic data. 1 2 Some Ukrainian surface localities also provide assemblages of likely REITZ Elizabeth J. & ZIERDEN Martha A. Lower Palaeolithic appearance; among these are Neporotovo IV in 1, Georgia Museum of Natural History, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-1882, USA, Dniester area or Gaspra and Cape Mayachny in Crimea. Neverthe- [email protected] less, discovery of stratified localities in these areas is still reserved in 2, The Charleston Museum, 360 Meeting Street, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, USA, [email protected] the future. Regardless of limited primary evidence, Lower Palaeo- lithic localities of Ukraine exhibit certain regularities, in particular Wildlife in urban Charleston, South Carolina, USA concerning their spatial pattern and assemblage variability. Mam- mal fauna of the middle and late Paleolithic period of Ukraine and The quantity and variety of animals contributing to foodways and adjoining regions of East and Central Europe is well-investigated, landscapes are often overlooked in studies of urban experiences especially in such locations as Novgorod-Severski, Mezin, Mezhy- after AD 1700. Charleston, South Carolina (USA) was founded in its rich, Dobranichevka. The specific of it is that it was under conditions present location in 1680, though the earliest archaeological evi- of periglacial cold steppe, that was the reason of formation of new dence dates to 1692. Taken together, the Charleston assemblage species of grades of family, kind and subspecies, which largely died consists of over 130,000 vertebrate specimens, representing an out and were not ancestral for the Holocene and modern fauna. estimated minimum number of 2,100 individuals. These materials Species composition of the Holocene mammal fauna was related to indicate that wild and domestic animals contributed to a unique the fauna of the upper Pleistocene. This Holocene fauna was utili- low-country cuisine. Charleston was land modified for human oc- zed by human. It means that the considerable changes in mammal cupation but also was shared space with a diverse fauna. Many fauna of East Europe took place on the boarder of the Pleistocene aspects of the environment were designed to accommodate and and Holocene. These changes greatly affected the composition of restrict these animals. By considering animals as components of the Holocene fauna. cuisine and of the landscape, we find that the urban setting was S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, oral a rich mosaic of human and non-human endeavours. In exploring colonization and urbanization, we consider the quantity and va- RENDU William1 et al. riety of wild, commensal, domestic, and feral animals that shared the environment with human residents. The activities of animals 1, Université Toulouse Le Mirail, TRACES - UMR 5608, 5 allée A. Machado, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, FRANCE. [email protected] shaped, and were shaped by, the developing urban environment. Many features of the landscape, from buildings to fences and walls, New excavation of the Mousterian site of La Chapelle- were designed to accommodate, and restrict, animals living in the city. Unlike other environmental components, though, the animals aux-: Zooarchaeological implications were active players in the affairs of daily life, and efforts to control The “Bouffia Bonneval” at la Chapelle-aux-Saints (France) is well them varied in their success. known for having delivered in the early XX century a nearly com- S2-5, Animals, and their bones, in the modern world (AD1750-1950), oral plete Neanderthal skeleton which was interpreted as the first Mous- terian sepulture ever discovered. However, the “Bouffia Bonneval” is REKOVETS 1 Leonid, ZURAVLEV 2 Oleh & only one of the many small dismantled cavities that constitute the STEPANCHUK 2 Vadim site. La Chapelle-aux-Saints has been the subject of a new recovery for the past 10 years. The majority of the cavities have delivered ar- 1 National Museum of Natural History, Kiev, Ukraine and Wrocław University of Environmental chaeological deposits attributed mostly to the Late Middle Paleoli- & Life Sciences, Poland, [email protected] thic and linked to human and carnivore activities. 2 Institute of Archeology, Kiev, Ukraine, [email protected] One of them, the “Bouffia 118”, still under excavation, has delivered a stratigraphy possibly contemporaneous from the one of the main Archeozoological studies in Ukraine and adjoining re- cavity, constituted of the succession of two archaeological levels, gions one dominated by reindeer remains, the other by bison. By focu- sing on the zooarchaeological results, we will show how the new Archeozoological studies of archaeological sights on the territory discoveries provide valuable information for understanding the of Ukraine has began at the beginning of 20th century by O. Brau- history of the site.

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 209 The zooarchaeological data of this latest excavation give a new view of a regional market economy. The animals appear to have been of the Neanderthal skeleton and new hypotheses are proposed to butchered in a systematic, highly organized manner with only the understanding the function and the formation process of the “Bouf- least valued elements being buried at the site. The meaty portions fia Bonneval”, one of the most famous of French prehistory. of the animals were thus likely taken elsewhere for consumption. S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World Zooarchaeologists have long examined the relationships between during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral butchery and consumption sites, and when applied to the histo- ric record, this distinction can be informative regarding market RENDU William1,2, ROUSSEL Morgan3,4, economy, long-distant trade and transport, and the necessity for RIGAUD Solange5, LIARD Morgane6 , HUBLIN urban areas to be fed by more rural regions. The role that the ru- 3 3,4,5 ral American West played in supplying food for urban areas to the Jean-Jacques & SORESSI Marie east, as well as the important ways in which the invention of the 1.TRACES – UMR 5608, Université Toulouse-Le Mirail, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allée A. refrigerated railway changed the face of the meat market in historic Machado, 31058, Toulouse, France America, will thus be explored in this paper. 2. University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology, 4013 Museums Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1079, USA S2-5, Animals, and their bones, in the modern world (AD1750-1950), oral 3. MPI-EVA, Dept. of Human Evolution, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany 4. AnTET, ArScAn, UMR 7041, Maison René Ginouvès, 21, allée de l’Université, 92023 Nanterre Cedex, France REYNOLDS Rebecca 5. PACEA-IPGQ, UMR 5199, Université Bordeaux 1, Avenue des facultés, 33405 Talence, France 6. INRAP, 525, avenue de la Pomme de Pin, F-45590 Saint-Cyr-en-Val, France Department of Archaeology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom [email protected]

Reassessment of the transitional sequence of Les Cottés Food for the Soul: the social dynamics of marine fish (Saint-Pierre-de-Maillé, France). Zooarchaeological ap- consumption along the southern North Sea coast from proach AD 700 to AD 1200 The evolution of behaviors during the transition from the Middle It is now widely recognised that the archaeological representation of to the Upper Paleolithic has become a major topic in prehistory fish remains on Anglo-Saxon sites increases dramatically after 1000 and scholars have particularly focused on the environment exploi- AD, with evidence suggesting a shift in supply from local fishing tation. Studying the hunting behaviors of different human popu- to international long-distance trade. The impetus for this uptake of lations in a same location (i. e. the same geographic and geomor- fishing and fish consumption has, however, remained elusive. His- phologic constraints) provides a valuable source of information on torians and archaeologists frequently allude to the role of elites in the strategies they developed. In this context, Les Cottés site, which the instigation of early marine fishing practices but there has been exhibits the complete transitional sequence with levels attributed little opportunity to investigate these claims from an archaeologi- to the Mousterian, Chatelperronian and the early phases of the cal perspective: up to now few Anglo-Saxon elite sites have yielded Aurignacian, is of prime interest to address this particular topic. The fish remains. Recently large fish assemblages have been recovered zooarchaeological study has identified major changes happening from a number of Anglo-Saxon sites of high status and, for the first through the stratigraphy. The frequency of reindeer in the faunal time, it is now possible to examine inter-site variations in fish pro- spectrum increases from 35% of the NISP (level 08) to 70% (level curement and consumption. This has the potential to inform on the 04inf) and finishes by overwhelming the faunal assemblage (95% in level 02). Simultaneously carnivore remains and modifications social context of fish consumption and production, how the taste decrease significantly, suggesting a drop in their frequentation of for fish developed and spread through levels of society, whether the cavity. The different early Aurignacian deposits are the best there were any ideological implications behind its consumption as documented and behavioral reconstructions have been proposed. well as shedding light on site classification based on provisioning While in the first Aurignacian level the site seems to have worked as and consumption. To address these issues a combination of both a base camp devoted to the exploitation of the reindeer carcasses, quantitative and qualitative data, coupled with anthropological pa- evolution in the skeletal part representation and in the carcass pro- rallels of fishing cultures, are being used to elucidate the role of fish cessing suggests a possible change in the status of the site in the in the economic and social development of Anglo-Saxon England. more recent stratigraphic units. This poster presents the results achieved from the first year of doc- S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages toral research. (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: bringing methodology to bear on social questions, poster REYNOLDS Cerisa R.1, KENDALL Bryan1, RIGAUD Solange1, d’ERRICO Francesco1, 2 & CHARLTON Thomas H.1 & VANHAEREN Marian3 WHITTAKER William E.2 1. UMR 5199 PACEA, Institut de Préhistoire et de Géologie du Quaternaire, Université Bordeaux I, 1, Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, 114 MacBride Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242-1322, Avenue des Facultés, F-33405 Talence, France. [email protected] USA, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2. Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa 2. The Office of the State Archaeologist at the University of Iowa, 700 South Clinton Street [email protected] Building, Iowa City, IA 52242-1030, USA, [email protected] 3. CNRS UMR 7041 ArScAn, Ethnologie préhistorique, 21 allée de l’université, F-92023 Nanterre Cedex, France. [email protected] Nineteenth-century butchery and transport for a mar- ket economy: Plum Grove as a case study for commercial Personal ornaments associated to the Braña-Arintero transactions in the Midwestern USA (Spain) and Ofnet (Germany) burials: hunting strategies, social structure, and exchange networks of the last Euro- In 1978, while working at the Plum Grove Historic Farm site, a site pean hunter-gatherers located in the heartland of the American Midwest, archaeologists uncovered an extensive bone bed. The bone bed, deposited in the We submit the personal ornaments associated to two contempora- late 19th century, contained the remains of at least 22 cattle, ten ry Mesolithic burials (Brana-Arintero Cantabria North of Spain and sheep and two pigs. Taphonomic and spatial analyses have shown Ofnet, South of Germany) to a taphonomic, archaeozoologial, tech- that these remains were deposited during a very brief time period nological, morphometric, and functional analysis with the aim of and were thus likely not intended for consumption by a single fa- documenting variability in raw material choice and procurement, mily. In fact, skeletal part representation and age and sex distribu- beads manufacture, assemblage, display on the body, length of tions indicate that the bones found in this feature represent the utilisation, and mortuary practices. Implications of these results for butchery waste of a single butchering activity carried out as a part our understanding of late Mesolithic hunting strategies and social

210 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 systems are discussed in detail. Braña-Arintero 2 individual is asso- RINDEL Diego1, BOURLOT Tirso2, ciated to 24 perforated red deer canines. Analysis of pendants from 3 4. Braña-Arintero reveals the exclusive use of male canines, the pre- GOÑI Rafael & BELARDI Juan ference for adult, and, with a single exception, the used of unpai- 1, CONICET-INAPL, UBA, 3 de febrero 1370 (C1426BJN), Capital Federal, Argentina. [email protected] red teeth. Over-representation of unpaired teeth is interpreted as 2, CONICET-INAPL, 3 de febrero 1370 (C1426BJN), Capital Federal, Argentina. tjbourlot@ reflecting acquisition over a long time span through an exchange hotmail.com 3, INAPL, UBA, UNICEN, 3 de febrero 1370 (C1426BJN), Capital Federal, Argentina. gonirafael@ network. Technological analysis indicates that all the teeth were gmail.com perforated by thinning the root by scraping and then piercing by 4, CONICET-UNPA, Av Lisandro de La Torre 1070 (9400), Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz Argentina. the rotation of a lithic point. Recorded variations in the applied [email protected] motions suggest different craftsmen were involved in the process. Climatic changes and hunter-gatherer populations: ar- Wear pattern indicates the canines were embroidered on a cloth and worn for a long period of time. The 33 human heads found at chaeozoological trends in Southern Patagonia Ofnet are associated to 215 perforated red deer canines and 4250 Archaeofaunal studies in Patagonia used to held a site-focus mostly marine shells that are going to be analysed with the same methods related to the evidence provided by rockshelters. However a regio- applied to Braña-Arintero. nal perspective as the one employed in this presentation, besides S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster considering open air sites allows to identify trends and patterns that could remain in the shadows when just a microregional scale RILLARDON Maryline1, LOMPRE Aliette1, is used. Climatic changes along the Late Holocene (last 2500 years BP) were very different to the preceeding times, overall during 1 2 BRUGAL J.-Ph. & BAZILE F. the Mediaeval Climatic Anomaly (ca. 900 years BP). It is proposed 1, MMSH, LAMPEA, UMR 6636, Aix-en-Provence, [email protected], lompre. that lower lacustrine basins were residentialy used by hunter-ga- [email protected], [email protected] therer populations while the high and seasonal basaltic plateaus 2, UMR 5140, Lattes, [email protected] show an archaeological signal related to a logistic strategy. Given so, it is expected that the archaeofaunal regional record obtained Objets osseux énigmatiques réalisés sur os de Cheval in the Perito Moreno Nacional Park, Pampa del Asador, the Strobel dans le Solutréen de la Salpêtrière (Gard, France) Plateau and Cardiel, Tar-San Martín and Salitroso-Posadas lake ba- sins should follow these other archaeological signatures. Patterns La couche solutréenne (couche i) de la grotte-abri de la Salpêtrière obtained show that taxonomic structure, skeletal part frequencies, (Remoulins, Gard) datée entre 20 500 ± 300 BP (MC 2085) et 18 700 and processing evidencies are in agreement with the proposal. The ± 500 BP (MC 1372), a livré un matériel faunique abondant. Le spec- archaeofaunal record also highlights the occupational history of a tre faunique est diversifié, dominé par le Renne et le Cheval, avec newly available space like the sand dunes. en moindre importance le Cerf, le Bouquetin et le Chamois. L’ex- S3-1, Climatic Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, poster ploitation alimentaire des carcasses des deux proies principales est maximale avec la récupération de la viande mais aussi de la moelle ROBSON Marianne et des organes mous, comme le démontrent les modèles de bou- Division of Archaeological, Geographical and Environmental Sciences, University of Bradford, cherie (stries de découpe, points d’impact…). Bradford. BD7 1DP. UK, [email protected] En ce qui concerne le cheval, une utilisation particulière de certains ossements a été remarquée (JPB). Deux éléments anatomiques de Social Inequality and Subsistence change in the Northern Isles ce taxon, soit les extrémités distales de métapodes et de radius, During the Viking/Norse periods, migration throughout the North présentent une modification du volume importante sous la forme Atlantic region led to the creation of several Norse colonies and d’une abrasion générale, assez atypique, laissant les extrémités consequently the modification of agro-ecosystems in marginal en- érodées et émoussées. Cela concerne dix des douze extrémités dis- vironments. While some of these farming strategies led to environ- tales de métapode et deux des neuf extrémités distales de radius mental degradation and the eventual abandonment of the Green- présentes sur le site (Fouilles M. Escalon de Fonton et F. Bazile). De land settlements, developments in food procurement strategies telles usures sont absentes sur les autres éléments squelettiques de allowed the Northern Isles colonies to remain stable. In contrast, cheval, ainsi que sur tout autre matériel osseux de cette couche. the later rise of the British Empire as a colonial power led to migra- Pour les métapodes, l’usure s’étend de la face antérieure à la face tion, agricultural ‘improvements’ and clearances in the Highlands postérieure, entraînant l’arasement total de la quille guide, tendant and Islands of Scotland which contributed to famine and site aban- même dans certains cas vers un aplatissement. Le radius est éga- donment in the Northern Isles. lement affecté sur la quasi-totalité de son extrémité. L’observation Multi-period settlements in the Northern Isles were selected as microscopique des métapodes révèle la présence d’un poli sous case studies; evidence from documentary sources, archaeozoologi- forme de plages plus ou moins étendues. cal data and results of stable isotope analysis are presented. This is Les sites paléontologiques livrant des équidés (aven, repaire d’hyè- used to identify changes in agricultural production methods, wild nes) ne présentent aucun élément osseux portant de telles abra- resource procurement and the distribution of food during the Nor- sions. Les ossements de cheval retrouvés à la Salpêtrière présentent se period and the 17th-19th centuries. The link between these sub- des caractéristiques qui témoignent sans conteste de leur emploi sistence strategies and the external political and economic control à des fins techniques, l’usure observée ne pouvant correspondre of entitlement to food and endowment of resources is discussed à une modification naturelle ou pathologique. L’utilisation particu- within the context of social inequality and entitlement failure. lière de ces éléments squelettiques semble tout à fait inédite dans S2-3, Empires, oral le corpus actuel connu des industries osseuses du Paléolithique su- périeur européen. Il s’agit ici de la première mention de tels objets RODRIGUEZ LOREDO Cecilia1 & dont la fonction et le fonctionnement restent encore assez énigma- 2 2 tiques. En effet, en l’absence de cas identiques connus, il n’est pas LAVALLÉE Danièle & JULIEN Michèle possible de caractériser ce phénomène, bien que l’usure semble 1. UMR 8096 Archéologie des Ameriques, MAE, 21 allée de l’Université, Nanterre, 92023 Nanterre cedex, France résulter d’un frottement, répétitif ou prolongé, suffisant pour créer UMR 6566 CREaaH CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, bâtiment 24-25, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 ces émoussés, peut-être favorisés par une préparation antérieure. Rennes, France. [email protected] 2. UMR 8096 Archéologie des Ameriques, MAE, 21 allée de l’Université, Nanterre, 92023 Nanterre L’étude tracéologique ainsi que des expérimentations permettent cedex, France. [email protected]; [email protected] de préciser les modalités d’aménagement et d’utilisation de ces objets osseux. Quebrada de los Burros: el rol de la caza terrestre en un S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster sitio de pescadores del Holoceno, en el sur peruano

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 211 El sitio Quebrada de los Burros, departamento de Tacna (Perú), es GURIOLI Fabio & SALA Benedetto un campamento de pescadores y recolectores de moluscos. Seis Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Sezione di niveles sucesivos de pisos de ocupación han sido excavados, cada Paleobiologia, Preistoria e Antropologia, Corso Ercole I d’este, 32, Ferrara, ITALY uno de ellos reveló áreas de actividades diversas y una acumulación [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected], benedetto.sala@ importante de desechos alimenticios de origen marino mezclados unife.it con restos de fauna terrestre. El conjunto de todos estos desechos demuestra que, desde el inicio de la ocupación, se dominaba per- Marmota marmota, the most predated species at Grotta fectamente el medio marítimo, pero se explotaba también los alre- del Clusantin. Insights from an unusual case-study in the dedores (lomas). Dos fases de ocupación fueron singularizadas, la Italian Alps primera es una sucesión de ocupaciones breves durante el Holo- ceno temprano (ca. 10.000 a 7.000 a.p.), la segunda es una ocupa- Grotta del Clusantin is a small cave at 520m altitude in the Pradis ción más intensa y casi permanente a lo largo del año, durante el Plateau, a modest physiographic unit of the Carnic Pre-Alps set Holoceno medio (ca. 7.000 a 6.000 a.p.). En este trabajo se analizará among mounts elevated at 1,200-1,400 m. The cavity contains an la fauna terrestre hallada en el sitio (camélidos, ciervos, mamíferos Epigravettian level extensively excavated in 2005 and dated at marinos, roedores, aves, anfibios y reptiles) con el fin de caracterizar 12ka Cal 14C B.C. which records exclusive anthropic occurrences su rol en este campamento de pescadores. at the cave entrance, the more comfortable area than the narrow S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, oral and geologically unstable inner sectors. Field investigation has not revealed evidence for supporting the same area was also used by RODRIGUEZ LOREDO Cecilia1 & animals. 2 From the field evidence and the archaeozoological study carried MARCH Ramiro out on the small mammal assemblage, it results that the almost 1. UMR 8096 Archéologie des Ameriques, MAE, 21 allée de l’Université, Nanterre, 92023 Nanterre exclusively represented taxa is Marmota marmota which remains cedex, France bear butchering striae usually associated to modifications due to UMR 6566 CREaaH CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, bâtiment 24-25, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France. [email protected] combustion and calcination. The spatial distribution and scattering 2. UMR 6566 CREaaH CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, bâtiment 24-25, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 of the humanly modified marmot bones are congruent with the Rennes, France. [email protected] geometric and pedo-sedimentologic features of the anthropic unit Animal exploitation at the south of Buenos Aires Province and thus provide evidence of human exploitation. This mammal is represented by different individuals among whom cubs prevail. during Recent Holocene: La Represa case Summer predation and processing of Marmota marmota adressed to retrieve food, fur and grease seem thus to have been the main The aim of this article is to present trends of animal exploitation by activity carried out at Grotta del Clusantin. Given the palaeoecolo- hunting gatherers living at La Represa site (Oriente, Provincia de gical and chronological data, this site marks one of the first phases Buenos Aires, Argentina) between 3000 and 2100 BP. We analyze of Epigravettian peopling the Eastern Italian Alps and provides a the exploitation of animal resources in south east of humid pampas further, unexpected evidence, of diet broadening in the seasonal zone near the river Quequen Salado as a particularly location into a lifestyle of the Late-glacial hunter-gatherers. rich grassland environment having many other micro environment S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World contexts as lakes, sea shores and coastal dunes lakes. We discuss during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral the possibility of a specialization onto Lama guanicoe hunting, and the economic and social reasons of this particular evidence in the Romina Frontini site into a annual cycle perspective. S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, poster CONICET, Departamento de Humanidades, Universidad Nacional del Sur, 12 de octubre y San Juan, 5to piso, of. 10. (8000), Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina, [email protected] 1 RODRIGUEZ LOREDO Cecilia & LAVALLEE Disturbance of archaeological materials by Chaetophrac- Danièle2 & JULIEN Michèle2 tus villosus at El Guanaco Locality, Pampean Region, Ar- 1, UMR 8096 Archéologie des Ameriques, MAE, 21 allée de l’Université, Nanterre, 92023 Nanterre gentine cedex, France ; UMR 6566 CREaaH CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, bâtiment 24-25, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France, [email protected] 2, UMR 8096 Archéologie des Ameriques, MAE, 21 allée de l’Université, Nanterre, 92023 Nanterre Chaetophractus villosus´ (Dasypodidae) activity, a species with cedex, France, [email protected], [email protected] burrowing habits, is one of the natural causes of disturbance of archaeological deposits at El Guanaco Locality, in the pampean Quebrada de los Burros: el rol de la caza terrestre en un region, Argentina. This species modifies the deposits in different sitio de pescadores del Holoceno, en el sur peruano ways. First, it displaces material when digging and moving along its caves. Second, materials that do not belong to the original deposits El sitio Quebrada de los Burros, departamento de Tacna (Perú), es are incorporated by the recolonization of the caves by other spe- un campamento de pescadores y recolectores de moluscos. Seis cies, such as anourous and birds. On the other side, the “armadillos’” niveles sucesivos de pisos de ocupación han sido excavados, cada caves are keys for finding archaeological evidence in areas of low uno de ellos reveló áreas de actividades diversas y una acumulación or null visibility. importante de desechos alimenticios de origen marino mezclados This contribution is part of a greater project on taphonomic ana- con restos de fauna terrestre. El conjunto de todos estos desechos lysis of Chaetophractus villosus (a Pampean armadillo), whose final demuestra que, desde el inicio de la ocupación, se dominaba per- aim is to provide archaeological expectations about the extent fectamente el medio marítimo, pero se explotaba también los alre- of the disturbation produced by this species. In this opportunity, dedores (lomas). Dos fases de ocupación fueron singularizadas, la two items are studied: the type and dimensions of the displaced primera es una sucesión de ocupaciones breves durante el Holo- archaeological materials and their distribution. In this paper we ceno temprano (ca. 10.000 a 7.000 a.p.), la segunda es una ocupa- present the results of a comparative analysis between the archaeo- ción más intensa y casi permanente a lo largo del año, durante el logical materials collected from 15 currently active caves, and the Holoceno medio (ca. 7.000 a 6.000 a.p.). En este trabajo se analizará remains collected in the sedimentary matrix identified as cave fil- la fauna terrestre hallada en el sitio (camélidos, ciervos, mamíferos ling during excavations of sites 1 and 2. marinos, roedores, aves, anfibios y reptiles) con el fin de caracterizar As a general tendency, it was possible to establish that Chaetophrac- su rol en este campamento de pescadores. tus villosus removes both lithic and faunal materials, measuring 3 S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral cm2 or smaller; exceptionally, elements of 5 cm2 are moved. The distribution registered during the excavations of currently active ROMANDINI Matteo, PERESANI Marco, caves indicates that there is a concentration of materials deposited

212 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 around the caves´ mouths, but this pattern was not recorded while Rowe Matthew J.1, Lawing Michelle A.2, excavating the sediments filling the caves. Reinke Beth3 & Casserly Anna4 S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster 1, Indiana University, 1370 S. Smith Rd, 47401, Bloomington, United States of America, [email protected] ROSELL Jordi, BLASCO Ruth & FERNANDEZ- 2, 1001 E 10th St, Department of Geology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, United States of America LASO Cristina 3, 12340 Buck Court, Indianapolis, IN 46236, United States of America 4, 701 E. Kirkwood, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Unidad asociada al CSIC, Àrea United States of America de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili,. Plaça Imperial Tarraco, 1, 43005 Tarragona, SPAIN [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Succulent snakes: methodology developed through ex- Bone refits and activity areas at Abric Romaní (Capel- perimental processing for determining snake meat-wei- lades, Spain) and their importance for the knowledge- ght from vertebrae ment of the spatial organisation and ways of life of the Snakes are documented in archaeological and ethnographic Neanderthal groups contexts but little research exists about their contribution to prehistoric food systems. Reported snake remains are in- Generally, the anthropogenic accumulations of archaeological re- terpreted in significantly different ways. Snakes found at the mains in the sites are the product of overlapped activities and/or occupations that also involved disruptive processes such as clea- Medicine Lodge Creek site in Wyoming were interpreted as ning, transport or own trampling. The result is a palimpsest with a a food source but snakes found at Gatecliff Rockshelter, Ne- disordered appearence that can confuse the interpretations about vada were interpreted as natural additions to the assemblage. spatial organisation of human groups. In this sense, the Abric Ro- Events like Rattlesnake Round-ups provide modern examples maní site (Capellades, Spain) can provide significative data to inter- of snake consumption. Ethnographic evidence supports use pret these questions from spatial data of the faunal remains. This as food, material culture, and spiritual symbols. Little metho- site (MIS 3) is composed by a sequence of travertine platforms 17 dology exists to estimate the return rate of snakes and their m high. The human occupations are located between travertine food potential for prehistoric hunters and gatherers. This pa- platforms and they are isolated from each other. The developed per emphasizes the importance of snakes as a food resource by excavations (approx. 300 m2) have enabled us to recover some le- reviewing ethnographic and archaeological literature, and pre- vels (eg. Level H) with discrete accumulations that, apparently, cor- sents a formula developed through experimental processing of respond to short and simple occupations. Other levels, like Level 48 captive bred snakes for estimating meat-weights from snake I or Ja, maintain a greather complexity in the occupational orga- vertebrae. Our results demonstrate that in our sample 39-64% nization due to their character of palimpsests. The aim of this pa- of the total body proportion is muscle and vertebral width is hi- per is to provide criteria for understanding human occupations at ghly correlated with muscle mass (r²=0.841±0.058). We present Abric Romaní, their organization and duration in time based on the a bootstrap regression model Y=(-0.370)X+(0.591), where X is comparison of results from bone refits and identification of activity vertebral width and Y is the cubed root of the estimated muscle areas at levels H, I and Ja. mass, to calculate meat-weight from snake vertebrae. We argue S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early that the potential contribution of these animals to the foraging Holocene, oral spectrum is significant and should receive greater attention from zooarchaeologists. Rosendahl Wilfried1, Bertling Markus2 & S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral Gill-Robinson Heather 3 1, Department of World Cultures and Environment, Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Mannheim, Rozwod Paweł Germany, [email protected] 2, Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, University of Münster, Germany Museum im. Jana Dzierżona, ul. Zamkowa 10 , 46-200, Kluczbork, POLAND, rozwoood@ 3, German--Project, Reiss-Engelhorn-Museen, Mannheim, Germany wp.pl

The bog dog mummy from Burlage, Germany - analysis Selected aspects of bone and horn objects’ use by the in- and interpretation habitants of medieval Ostrowek in Opole

The corpse of a dog (Canis familiaris) was discovered in 1953 in a During excavation works in Opole (in the years 1939-1978) a set of peat bog near Burlage, Lower Saxony, Germany. The dog has well objects made of bone and horn were uncovered. The shape as well preserved soft tissue and fur on the entire body, although the head as the current state is a reflection on the subject of their function, is skeletonized. Radiocarbon dates indicate that the dog is dated to allowing us to suppose that a large part of them were helpful in ob- 1544 +/- 67 AD, not from the earlier periods often associated with taining food, and some were used for the consumption of food. In bog bodies from northwestern Europe. This dog is the only known the present poster these products not lost during the Second World example of a historical non-human bog body with preserved soft War will be represented. It is a collection numbering 25 hooks, 4 ar- tissue. rows, 23 covered knife handle coverings, 41 knife handles, 46 woo- The skeleton of the bog dog was analyzed via the CT data, both den handle tips, 1 sickle handle, 9 spoons, 12 container stoppers. in two dimensions and in a three-dimensional form. Examination They were discovered in layers dated in the 10th to 13th Centuries. of the skeleton shows that the dog was male and late juvenile or Thanks to their special horizontal location confirmation was pos- young adult at death. The skeleton was generally well preserved, sible of their concentration in a particular place. The presence of although flattened as a result of bone demineralization in the acidic other product categories and knowledge of the function of the pla- peat, followed by pressure of the overlying peat. A cause of death ces of identified concentration have become a basis for considera- could not be determined. Several cervical and thoracic vertebrae, tion of sociotopographic settlements. Moreover analysis was done as well as most of the ribs, are disarticulated and some of the ver- on given products in a chronological sense, assuming that possible tebrae rest in the thoracic cavity. The movement of these bones is changes in product sets were the effect of changes occurring in the most likely due to post-mortem changes, not any potential trauma position of social structures as well as in the methods of obtaining at the time of death. food. S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 213 RUIU Francesca Daniela1, RUSS Hannah1 & JONES Andrew K. G.2 FIORE Ivana1, GALA Monica1, 1, Division of Archaeological, Geographical and Environmental Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK, [email protected] TAGLIACOZZO Antonio1, COLLINA Carmine2, 2, York Archaeological Trust, 47 Aldwark, York, YO1 7BX, UK, [email protected] 2 PENNACCHIONI Massimo & Taphonomic signatures for fish bones deposited by bears PIPERNO Marcello2 (Ursus spp.) and the Eurasian eagle owl (Bubo bubo); in- terpreting fish bone assemblages from Late Pleistocene 1, Soprintendenza al Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico “L. Pigorini”, Sezione di cave sites Paleontologia del Quaternario e Archeozoologia, P.le G. Marconi 14, 00144 Roma, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 2, Dipartimento Scienze dell’Antichità, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Fish bones are recovered from the Late Pleistocene deposits of Roma, Italy. many cave sites across Europe, these remains are frequently attri- buted to human activity and used to imply fishing methods and The fauna of the Gravettian site of Roccia San Sebastiano strategies, seasonal activity and to integrate fishing into human (Mondragone, Caserta, Italy) subsistence strategies during the Middle and Late Palaeolithic periods. However, these interpretations are often made without This paper shows the analysis of animal remains from the Gravet- consideration of alternate accumulation agents. Many non-human tian levels (dated to 19.570±210 years BP) of the cave of Roccia San faunal species consume fish and use cave environments, and the- Sebastiano. The faunal associations suggest the presence of a large refore may have potentially deposited remains within caves that coastal plain with Bos primigenius, Equus hydruntinus and E. ferus, a have then been incorrectly attributed to human deposition after wooded region with Cervus elaphus, Sus scrofa and Capreolus capre- excavation. Results of published ecological studies and experimen- olus, and rocky areas with Rupicapra sp. and Capra ibex. Birds are tal feeding programs with both species are discussed and are used to establish expected assemblage characteristics for material depo- well represented, the most common species being the Pyrrhocorax sited. These will include, expected species, size of fish, seasonal in- graculus, Perdix perdix and Alectoris graeca. dicators, spatial distribution and element representation patterns. The analysis of hundreds of thousands (13 Kg) of bone fragments The taphonomic signatures for fish remains deposited by bears and smaller than one centimetre revealed that the entirety shows signs the eagle owl are applied to fish bone assemblages from several of burning at different temperatures, thus indicating the use of Late Pleistocene cave sites to identify accumulation agent(s). bones as combustible material. S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral The analysis of bone surfaces of red deer, aurochs, chamois, equids, revealed cuts caused by stone tools, impact areas and percussion RUSSELL Anna cones. These marks show that some of the butchering phases oc- Faculty of Archaeology, University of Leiden, P.O> Box 9515, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands, curred within the site. [email protected]

S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster Late Neolithic Herders and Climate Change: The effects of

1 2 the ‘8.2 ka event’ on animal husbandry at the Late Neoli- RUSS Hannah , JONES Andrew K. G. & thic site of Tell Sabi Abyad 1 LEE-THORP Julia A. The Late Neolithic site of Tell Sabi Abyad in the Balikh region, nor- thern Syria, provides the perfect case study for looking at how an- 1, Division of Archaeological, Geographical and Environmental Sciences, University of Bradford, cient societies coped with climate change. Extensive excavations at Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK. [email protected], [email protected] 2, York Archaeological Trust, 47 Aldwark, York, YO1 7BX, UK. [email protected] this site have revealed a unique, continuous sequence of seventh and early sixth millennium occupation layers, unparalleled at any other site in the Near East so far. Tell Sabi Abyad is located in the Identifying and understanding fishing activities during upper Balikh valley of Northern Syria approximately 30 kilometres the Late Pleistocene from the Syro-Turkish border. The main focus of this research is an area known as Operation III which dates to 7100 to 5500 cal BC. Late Pleistocene fish remains have been recovered from many cave The occupation of this area spans the so-called “8.2k cal BP climate sites across Europe. This research focuses on two areas 1) Canta- event”, a climate event that is thought to have brought about a sud- bria, northern Spain (a coastal area), and 2) the Fucino Basin, cen- den and marked reduction in precipitation in Africa, the Near East tral Italy (a mountainous area). Fish bone assemblages from sites and Asia causing a drought in the Asian and African monsoonal re- in both areas are dominated by anadromous and non-anadromous gions. This abrupt climate anomaly, peaking at c. 6200 cal BC, has salmonid species. Material from sites in these two regions can be recently gained much attention from climatologists but until now reliably attributed to human deposition, as such, they can be used the archaeological and cultural implications have not been studied to establish and compare fishing strategies. Analyses included: spe- in detail. In this paper I will outline the results of my research into cies identification, size estimation, spatial distribution, element re- the effects of this climate change on the animal based subsistence presentation and seasonality. Although in both areas there are sites strategies and coping mechanisms implemented by the inhabi- yielding many and few fish remains, there is a greater reliance on tants of Tell Sabi Abyad at the end of the 7th millennium cal BC. fish as a dietary resource in the Fucino Basin. This was not expected; S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral the Cantabrian sites have artefactual evidence for fishing – inclu- ding harpoons and gouges, that are absent from the Fucino sites. RUSSELL Anna There are also differences in the element representation patterns; Faculty of Archaeology, University of Leiden, P.O> Box 9515, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands, Cantabrian sites yielded abundant vertebrae, while Fucino sites [email protected] more frequently yielded a high proportion of cranial remains. Evi- dence from Cantabria and the Fucino Basin suggests that human Of Milk and Men: Evidence for Milk Production in the Late fishing behaviour in these two regions were very different during 7th Millennium cal BC at Tell Sabi Abyad, Syria the Upper Palaeolithic, these differences are interpreted in terms of hunter-gatherer subsistence behaviour. The term ‘secondary products’ was first coined by Sherratt (1981) based around the assumption that these products were not initially S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World used when animals were first domesticated, and it was originally during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral hypothesised that secondary products were only exploited to any

214 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 extent in the third millennium cal BC. New evidence from the Late Salcher-Jedrasiak Tina1, Nyvltova Neolithic levels (c. 6900 – 5900 cal BC) at the site of Tell Sabi Abyad 2 1,3 show that milk production may in fact have been an important Fisakova Miriam & FLADERER A. Florian consideration in animal husbandry strategies much earlier. Evi- 1, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Prehistoric Commission, Fleischmarkt 22, 1010 Vienna, th AUSTRIA [email protected]; [email protected] dence for the use of ovicaprids for milk production in the Late 7 2, Department of Palaeolithic and Palaeoethnology, Institute of Archaeology, Czech Academy millennium cal BC at Tell Sabi Abyad will be discussed, drawing on of Sciences, Kralovopolska 147, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic [email protected] the results of the analysis of the faunal remains together with arti- 3, Department of Palaeontology, Geozentrum, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 factual evidence and residue analysis. Vienna, Austria S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, oral New warm season data from the full-glacial mammoth RUSSELL Nerissa hunters camp site at Langmannersdorf an der Perschling Cornell University, Dept. of Anthropology, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; [email protected] (Lower Austria) The 21 ka BP Epiaurignacian Langmannersdorf locality is currently Taboo topics: exploring absences in the faunal remains agreed to be the youngest known site within the Middle Danube from Çatalhöyük, Turkey region that has been interpreted as a residential camp site at which abundant mammoth bones have been found. It has been fully ex- Ethnography shows us that every society has some form of food cavated between 1904 and 1920. W. Angeli published a monogra- taboos, often focused on the meat of particular animals. While the ph in 1953 using the old field work logs, photographs and sketches pig taboo, in particular, has received considerable archaeological of the systematic excavation. Recently a re-assessment study inclu- attention in the eastern Mediterranean, there is little discussion ding the typological character of the 3,844 stone artefacts and a of taboo in prehistory. The obvious reason is that, lacking textual zooarchaeological analysis were carried out. Mammoths were reco- or direct ethnohistorical evidence, it is difficult to study absence. gnized as the main subsistence source, followed by reindeer. Nearly However, taboos are likely to have affected the composition of all body parts of the mammoth have been found in the remains most zooarchaeological assemblages, so we cannot afford to igno- preserved. Two neonate mammoths, 8-12 months old arctic and re them. While specific beliefs cannot be applied from ethnography red fox individuals, two 9-12 months old wolves and a one year old to deep prehistory, some of the structuring principles seen in eth- reindeer individual indicate that the encampment was used during noarchaeological and ethnohistoric studies can help us to identify the late winter and spring/summer season. 18 new seasonality data prehistoric animal taboos. I explore the patterning of the animal from root cementum analysis support the assumption that the site bone assemblage from Neolithic Çatalhöyük in terms of taxa, body was occupied during the first summer months. part representation, and spatial distribution to argue for the exis- S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World tence of taboo practices. Taboos can take many forms: prohibiting during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster all contact with an animal, proscribing the consumption of its meat, 1 2 forbidding the meat to certain kinds of people or at certain times, SALEMME Mónica & FRONTINI Romina and so on. At Çatalhöyük, there are traces of multiple types of ta- 1. CADIC – CONICET y Universidad de la Patagonia, B. Houssay 200, (9410) Ushuaia, Argentina, boo. It is likely that killing leopards, or at least bringing them to the [email protected] 2. Universidad Nacional del Sur – CONICET. 12 de octubre y San Juan, 5to piso, of.10, (8000) site, was taboo for everyone. Bears may have been taboo to eat, but Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina, [email protected] their skins and teeth were more freely allowed on site. Deer and boar may have been taboo to only some segments of the popu- The exploitation of Rheidae in Pampa and Patagonia (Ar- lation. gentina) as seen in chroniclers, naturalists and voyagers’ S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: documents (XVI-XIX centuries) bringing methodology to bear on social questions, oral Documents from chroniclers, naturalists and voyagers that travel SACCÀ Daniela along the Pampas and Patagonia (Argentina) between XVI and XIX centuries are analyzed under the aim of building material expecta- Dipartimento di Scienze Archeologiche, Università di Pisa. 53, Via S. Maria, I-56100 Pisa, Italy, tions on the profit of Rheidae used by the historical known natives. [email protected] This corpus of data will be treated as heuristic tool in the study of New data from Castel di Guido, a Middle Pleistocene open local archaeological sites, since bones and shell eggs of rheids are recorded in most of the Pampean and Patagonian archaeological site in Central Italy contexts from early to late Holocene. Whereas remains of this os- trich-like family conforms a small portion of the total archaeofaunal Between 1980 and 1991, field investigations at Castel di Guido (20 assemblages, chronicler’s narratives describe an intensive and pre- km WNW of Rome, Italy) revealed a depressed area with an exten- ferential use of the “ñandú” (ostrich-like) by the natives. sion of about 1100 m2. Archaeological material includes bones and The proposal is based in the appropriateness of using the ethnohis- industry ascribed to a local facies of the , composed of torical record as a tool to generate expectations and analogies, as stone tools made from various rock types and bone artefacts. The well as the ethnographical, ethnoarchaeological and experimental large majority of the remains lie on the bottom of an erosional fea- studies. However, it is clear the difficulties in applying the ethnohis- ture, probably evolved into a low energy freshwater basin after the torical information to the archaeological record if it is considered deposition of the assemblage. According to the previous paleonto- that those descriptions are involved in analytical categories related logical analysis, the fauna includes a limited number of species, do- to the voyager’s historical and social contexts. minated by herbivores (Bos primigenius, Equus ferus, Cervus elaphus S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, poster and Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus), whereas carnivores are rare. As in other similar contexts, ambiguities about the interpretation of SALQUE Melanie1 & EVERSHED Richard P.2 the site in terms of natural processes versus human behavior exist, therefore a taphonomic approach to the study of the bone sam- 1, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, BS8 1TS, BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM [email protected] ple was necessary, as well as an integration with geoarchaeological 2, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, BS8 1TS, BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM data. Preliminary results of these studies are presented. We obser- [email protected] ved some evidence of carcass exploitation by humans for food and, Regional and chronological trends in milk use in prehis- in the case of elephant, for raw material, but we noticed that natural factors also played an important role in the accumulation and mo- toric Europe traced through molecular and stable carbon dification of faunal assemblage of Castel di Guido. isotope signatures of fatty acyl lipids preserved in pottery S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral vessels

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 215 The pottery excavated from archaeological sites contains infor- ted in Greece. mation relating to food processing and storage in the form of ab- A total of 74188 bone fragments (NISP) have been recorded during sorbed organic residues, most commonly lipids. Such information this study, of which 13196 (18%) have been identified by species can be accessed using chromatographic, spectrometric and, more or element. recently, isotopic methods, to infer the source of the degraded fats The importance of domestic fauna is evident in all phases. that dominate lipid assemblages. Important distinctions can be Domesticates’ management, carcass utilisation, processing and ex- made between different animal fats, such as non-ruminant and ploitation were explored in detail. ruminant adipose fats and milk fats. Thus, the study of potsherds Depositional and post-depositional taphonomy, seasonality of oc- can provide insights into the economy and the management of ani- cupation and palaeopathology are three additional areas included mals within a site or region. One particularly productive avenue of in this research. investigation has been the emergence of dairying and the theory Biometrical data, age and sex data of selected species were also of the secondary products revolution. For example, it has recently analysed. The relation of the bones with the other artifacts and been shown that the dairying practices were strongly dependent means of nutrition will be taken into account. Under process labo- on the region and the presence of cattle in the South Eastern Eu- ratory analyses will enrich the information given by macroscopic rope and Near East by the 7th mil. BC (Evershed et al., 2008, Nature) analysis. and was a component of agriculture in Britain from the late 5th mil. The present zooarchaeological study of Dispilio reveals -at the mo- BC (Copley et al., 2005, Antiquity). This new project is investigating ment- a fauna very similar to those of the tell sites or horizontally the trends in milk use in less well-studied areas in mainland Europe, extending settlements of the same period in Greece. addressing questions raised by the latter studies, e.g. How is milk S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster processing linked to the frequency of the lactase persistence gene? What spatial and temporal trends were there in milk use in wes- SAÑA Maria 2, CAMARÓS Edgard 1, tern Europe? Can milk fats be detected at high frequencies at sites 2 3 where ovicaprids are dominant in bone assemblages? CLEMENTE Ignacio , BOSCH Àngel , S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, oral CHINCHILLA Júlia 3, TARRÚS Josep 3 1, Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia. Departament de Prehistòria. Universitat Autònoma de SAM Youcef 1, 2 Barcelona, [email protected] 2, Departament d’Antropologia i Arqueologia. Institució Milà i Fontanals. Consejo Superior de 1, Université d’Alger, Institut d’archéologie, 2 rue Didouche Mourad, 16000, Alger, sam_youcef@ Investigaciones Científicas (IMF-CSIC), [email protected] hotmail.com 3, Museu Arqueològic Comarcal de Banyoles (Girona) 2, Centre Européen de Recherches Préhistoriques, UMR 5198 du CNRS, Université de Perpignan. Via Domitia, 66720 Tautavel, France, [email protected] The reuse of long bones as tools in the Neolithic site of La Orgnac 3 (Ardèche, France) : Mode d’exploitation des Draga (Banyoles, Catalonia): Discrete tools that are not grands mammifères par les anténéanderthaliens durant so easy to identify les stades isotopiques 9 à 8 The integration of the study of bone tools in archaeozoologic ana- lysis is necessary to interpret the animal resources management Le gisement d’Orgnac 3 a livré un assemblage faunique important with no partial views. In this sense, this is what we tried to do in associé à une industrie lithique abondante. Le site daté du Pléisto- the Neolithic site of La Draga (Banyoles, Catalonia), with the aim of cène moyen (MIS 9 dans la séquence inférieure et MIS 8 au som- going deeper in the comprehension of the use these people did met) a évolué au cours de son histoire, offrant aux hommes une with animal resources. This has given us a holistic vision and a new grotte, un abri sous roche et une doline en plein air. C’est est un perspective on bone tools used. bon exemple pour examiner le comportement des hommes dans The utilization of bones results of the ingestion consume as tools des contextes d’habitats différents. Quatre ensembles stratigraphi- is an aspect of bone artefacts study that so many times has been ques ont été distingués, ils se caractérisent par la prédominance overlooked. In this poster we analyse confection (fractures, prefer- d’une ou deux espèces de grands mammifères qui reflètent des ment skeletal elements…) and use (worked raw materials, work du- changements climatiques et environnementaux importants. La ration…) of this “discrete” tools from the archaeological record form représentation squelettique, les traces et la fracturation permet- an archaeozoologic and technologic point of view. tent d’illustrer l’évolution du comportement Homme/animal tous The search of the use (function) despite the form (morphology/ty- le long de la stratigraphie. La présence d’un outillage en os peu pology), has shown us that much more bone tools were used in élaboré est également attestée dans les niveaux acheuléens. Dans this Neolithic settlement to work on different raw materials. And l’ensemble I (Grotte) les Hommes et les Carnivores (Loups et hyènes the integration of worked bone tools in a archaeozoologic analy- notamment) cohabitent comme en témoignent la superposition sis, has permitted us localize different tools production steps no so des traces des uns et des autres. Dans le reste de la stratigraphie easy to identify in a separate study. We present all result obtained (Ensemble II, III, IV) les herbivores adultes sont prépondérants, ce in this poster. qui reflète une activité anthropique dominante, les Hommes pra- S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster tiquaient une chasse orientée vers le gibier le plus abondant aux alentours du site (Cervidés dans les niveaux inférieurs, grands Bovi- SANFORD Jane dés et chevaux dans la séquence intermédiaire et supérieure). Candidate for the PhD, University of Cambridge, Queens’ College, CB3 9ET, Cambridge, UNITED S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early KINGDOM, [email protected]

SAMARTZIDOU Eleni Hellenistic colonization and change in Dalmatia (Croa- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Philosophy, Department of History and tia): a zooarchaeological approach Archaeology, 54006, Thessaloniki, Greece, [email protected] Greek contact is known from the eastern Adriatic shores of Dalma- The Fauna of the unique lakeside settlement of neolithic tia from at least the Classical Period, with colonies known on Dal- Greece matian islands from the Hellenistic period (384BC). What were the impacts of this contact upon the local Illyrian population? How did The present research aims to focus on one site of Western Macedo- the presence of different cultural groups affect local social structure, nia, Dispilio (prefecture of Kastoria), dating mainly to the beginning cultural practices and the construction of group identity? This study of LN. utilizes a comparison of faunal assemblages from both Greek and Il- The site of Dispilio, is a lakeside settlement in the south shore of the lyrian sites to determine impact and expressions of cultural change lake of Kastoria, which is the first lakeside settlement to be excava- and practice during the course of the Iron Age. In the application of

216 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 standard techniques of faunal analysis (taxonomic ratios, age profi- of Israel. The site revealed a wealth of zooarchaeological information les, butchery techniques and biometric data) what changes can we about the Iron Age, Persian, Hellenistic and Early Roman periods. It was see in Illyrian society and cultural identity with Greek contact? Were a major Iron Age port-city along the Carmel coast, while in the Roman these Greek colonies causing changes in Illyrian societal structure period it was a small provincial town. through their presence in Dalmatia, or were the Greeks themselves The major domesticates in both periods were sheep and goats, followed changed by their Dalmatian and Illyrian setting? by cattle. The frequency of pigs rises significantly from the Iron Age to S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, poster the Roman period, suggesting a change in the identity or the dietary preferences of the site inhabitants. Another change is evident by the increase in the frequency of horses/donkeys, dogs and a wealth of wil- SAN ROMAN Manuel dlife mammals and birds in the Roman period. A modification in the Fundación CEQUA. Av Bulnes 01890, Casilla 737, Punta Arenas, Chile. [email protected] exploitation pattern of livestock is evident from a preference change Anatomía económica de pinnípedos del hemisferio sur (Arctoce- in favor of sheep over goats, and in mortality profiles of both the cattle, phalus australis [Zimmermann 1783] y Otaria flavescens [Shaw and sheep and goats. While the frequency of young increases for the first, it decreases for the later. 1800]). Aportes para la discusión sobre estrategias de movili- The evident change in the faunal remains from the Iron Age to the Ro- dad entre cazadores marinos de Patagonia meridional durante man Period at Tel Dor, along with change in the settlement type, from el Holoceno medio port-city to small town, implies a change in the economic provisioning En este trabajo se presentan los índices de utilidad económica obteni- of the city and a possible change in the identity and status of the site dos para las dos especies de lobos marinos de mayor relevancia econó- inhabitants. These differences may be attributed to the “Romanization mica para las poblaciones humanas prehistóricas del extremo sur de of the diet”. Sudamérica. S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: Al aplicar estos índices en el análisis de conjuntos faunísticos de yaci- archaeozoological evidence, poster mientos arqueológicos de cazadores marinos tempranos de Patagonia meridional (circa 6500-5000 años AP), se observa que la representación SAPIR-HEN Lidar1, BAR-OZ Guy2, SHARON diferencial de elementos anatómicos de pinnípedos se agrupa en dos 3 1 tendencias disímiles entre los sitios estudiados. La primera de ellas se Ilan & DAYAN Tamar corresponde con curvas de utilidad reversa y la otra con una tendencia 1, Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel, [email protected] imparcial (unbiased). Esta y otras líneas de evidencia, permiten sugerir 2, Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel una diferenciación entre los locus residenciales utilizados por los caza- 3, Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel dores marinos tempranos de Patagonia, planteando la existencia de no- dos centrales y lugares de tránsito a lo largo de las costas del intrincado Site function and formation of complex tell-site: unders- archipiélago del confín de Sudamérica. tanding faunal contexts at Tel Dor S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster A detailed multivariate zooarchaeological and taphonomic re- 1 1, 2 search was carried out at Tel Dor, a large coastal tell-site in Israel, SANTIAGO Fernando , SALEMME Mónica & which spans from the Biblical to classical periods. Our research goal ORÍA Jimena1 was designed to gain insights to how site formation processes in complex tell sites are reflected in the faunal remains of the site, 1. Laboratorio de Geología del Cuaternario, CADIC-CONICET, Bernardo Houssay 200, (9410) Ushuaia, Argentina, [email protected] while analyzing the economic, cultural, and environmental impli- 2. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia san Juan Bosco, (9410) Ushuaia, cations of the finds. We studied the effects of sieving on retrieval of Argentina, [email protected] faunal remains, and the distribution of different faunal characteris- tics in different depositional elements. The depositional elements Guanaco Kill zone: the case of Las Vueltas 1 site, Tierra del include primary deposition, purposive disposal (pits) and secon- Fuego, Argentina dary deposition (various fills). We focused on a context-by-context taphonomic analysis, searching for different patterns of species The record of more than six thousand bones in 18,75 square meters in stratigraphy makes Las Vueltas 1 a very special locus. The site is located abundance and richness, body parts distribution, butchery marks, in a land stripe between two lakes, surrounded by low hills built on Ter- burning evidence, carnivores’ activity and bone preservation and tiary sediments where 90 percent of the excavated bones belong to a fragmentation. single species, Lama guanicoe. Several frames of reference were used Preliminary contextual analysis reveals patterns of bone disposal in to analyse the faunal assemblage: quantitative analysis, natural and different contexts and occupational phases, many of which mani- anthropic modifications, taphonomic approaches, and a review of eth- fest the complexity of economic and social activities. In addition, nographic sources. the different depositional practices at the tell bear distinctive ta- In the site has been trapped many animals in each hunting event, ta- phonomic signatures. This allows us to elucidate the special subsis- king advantage of the surrounding topography, which makes possible tence activities and the behavioral system that positioned the finds the “herding” of the animals to a central point. There, using bows and in the site. arrows, the animals would have been killed. S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: bringing methodology to bear on The characteristics of the assemblage, the environment and the radio- social questions, oral carbon dating allow us to interpret this location as a guanaco kill site in the Fuegian steppe during the Holocene, since ca. 3200 to 530 year B.P. Sasson Aharon At least three events have been identified, being the latest the better defined. San Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego Zooarchaeology Lab, 1788 El Prado San Diego, S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, poster CA 92101, USA ([email protected])

SAPIR-HEN Lidar 1, BAR-OZ Guy 2, Sheep and goats mortality profiles in the Southern Le- vantine Bronze and Iron Age revisited SHARON Ilan 3 & DAYAN Tamar 1 1, Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel, [email protected] Most scholars argue that caprine (sheep and goats) products, 2, Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel primary and secondary, were traded or exchanged for cultivated 3, Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel products. This notion implies that Southern Levantine households Daily life from the Iron Age to the Roman period at Tel in the Bronze and Iron Ages practiced a specialized economy with an emphasis on one or more caprine products. Caprine mortality Dor, Israel profiles from over 50 Bronze and Iron Age sites and strata were We conducted a comprehensive diachronic analysis of the ancient eco- studied. Two models were tested: a market economy and a sur- nomies at Tel Dor, a major port-city site located on the Coastal Plane vival subsistence strategy. A market economy should be reflected

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 217 in mortality profiles that indicate a specialized production of meat, to Pliocene to Early Pleistocene period, the Narmada is assigned milk or wool. A survival subsistence strategy should be reflected in Late Middle Pleistocene. The inherent differences in morphological mortality profiles that indicate caprine exploitation to producing a traits are understood for the reasons of time lag involved, the sta- wide range of products. This study shows that 83% of the exami- tistical analysis of some of the groups such as equids, proboscids, ned mortality profiles indicate a utilization of caprines for a wide large bovids and suids has helped in interpreting the sex ratio, size range of products. The results of this study, coupled with studies and shape variation within the fossil population of present collec- on body-part representation, sheep/goat ratio and butchery prac- tion. tices coincide with the survival subsistence strategy model. This S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster presentation also demonstrates that mortality profiles should be examined in light of herd management mechanisms rather than SAVELLE James M.1 & DYKE & Arthur S.2 specialized production. S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, oral 1, Department if Anthropology, McGill University, 855 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, P.Q., Canada H3A 2T7, [email protected] 2, Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0E8, ASDyke@ SATHE Vijay¹ & JOSHI Sachin² NRCan.gc.ca 1, Department of Archaeology, Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Pune 411006, India, [email protected], [email protected] Paleontological and zooarchaeological evidence for Thu- 2, Department of Archaeology, Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Pune le Inuit as whale hunters 411006, India, [email protected] In attempting to interpret the role of the bowhead whale (Balaena An X-ray diffraction investigation of bones from archaeo- mysticetus) in Canadian Thule Inuit subsistence economies, many logical sites in India: a taxonomic discrimination method archaeologists are cautious when dealing with the question of for archaeozoology hunting versus scavenging. Specifically, the argument is made that it is difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish between bones deri- Correct identification of animal remains is one of the foundations ved from beached carcasses and bones derived from whale hun- of faunal studies. It ensures a correct understanding of subsistence ting. This paper presents new data on naturally stranded Holocene patterns, past life styles, and socio-economic and religious attitu- bowhead remains throughout the Canadian Arctic. Through the des of the people who hunted animals for food or kept them as examination of stranding rates, associated taphonomic processes domesticates. and mortality profiles, it is concluded that the use of stranded ani- Against this backdrop, the present paper examines the mineral mals was extremely rare, and that the whale bone assemblages at component of bone from different species of animals from present, the vast majority of Thule sites can only be explained in the context archaeological, and paleontological contexts using X-ray diffrac- of hunting. tion. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is one of the inorganic components of S2-7. Circumpolar archaeozoology: Arctic hunter-gatherers in context, oral such hard tissues of living vertebrates as bones and teeth. The pre- sent study examines the apatite mineralogy and structural pattern SAVINETSKY Arkady B. of this inorganic matrix to see whether every taxon has its own dis- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky pr., tinctive bone mineral chemistry, which can be employed for taxo- Moscow 119071, Russia [email protected] nomic discrimination between morphologically similar forms. The emerging results of this first-ever attempt to examine bone mineral Dung deposits of wild and domesticated animals for ar- chemistry for taxonomic assessment in India promise to provide chaeozoological purposes (experience from Northern a valuable addition to earlier studies using mtDNA, tooth enamel ultrastructure and skeletal morphometric analyses to discriminate Eurasia) between morphologically difficult to differentiate pairs such as The results of our investigation of dung deposits in rock shelters sheep/goat and cattle/water buffalo. Furthermore, the method has from Mongolia, North Caucasus, Middle Asia, and Israel are presen- wider applications including toward understanding diagenesis and ted. Most part of deposits was formed over the Holocene. It was its effects on archaeofaunal assemblages. found out that such deposited could be formed not only in arid, but S4-1, Contributions of Archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, Southeast, and East Asia from the Palaeolithic to the premodern era, oral in humid zone also. We used radiocarbon, spore-pollen, phytolith, macrofossil (botanic) and helminthological analyses for the inves- tigation, as well as osteological and oological. The investigations 1 2 allowed to reconstruct the dynamics of climate, vegetation, the in- Sathe Vijay & Neelanshu Kaushik fluence of different anthropogenic factors on the abundance and 1. Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Pune 411006. India, vijay19sathe@ distribution of wild and domesticated mammals, and sometimes gmail.com 2. Archaeological Survey of India, Raipur Circle, Raipur 492007, Chhattisgarh. India the type of husbandry used by ancient people. S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral Biometrical approach to large mammalian fossils from Khatri Collection: A Case Study SCHEINSOHN Vivian INAPL-CONICET; 3 de Febrero 1370 (1426) Capital Federal, [email protected] “Inadequacy and incompleteness of the fossil record” is the most common occurrence in the field of paleontology. However the Raw bone material choices in Southern Patagonia science and art of biometry has made it possible to look for those ‘missing links’ in identifying the taxonomic abundance with greater Bone technology appeared relatively early in the Patagonian ar- precision. chaeological record and in two contrasting contexts: a) at the in- The profile of fossil population with respect to age, sex and mor- sular area (Magellan channels and Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego) phology emerges as vital points in identifying the composition where it is associated with maritime littoral adaptations (Orquera of ancient fauna and palaeoenvironmental perspective. In this and Piana 1999) and present high diversity in relation to raw mate- context, the large mammalian Cenozoic fossils from ‘Khatri Collec- rials and designs (Scheinsohn 1997) and b) at Continental Patago- tion’ housed in Indian Archaeological Society’s Indrapastha Mu- nia where its diversity is low but yet, it is recorded in many ancient seum, New Delhi, were subject to biometrical analysis. A detailed sites. In this paper I will present results of the comparison of three study of this assemblage has already shown the presence of about bone tool samples coming from Isla Grande (Tierra del Fuego see twenty five genera belonging to large and medium sized mammals Scheinsohn 1997), Pali Aike Volcanic Field and Cerro Casa de Pie- and reptiles coming from Middle and Upper Siwaliks of North-West dra (Southern continental Patagonia see Scheinsohn in press and India and Central Narmada valley. While Siwaik collection belongs Scheinsohn and Lucero 2006) in order to analyze raw material choi-

218 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 ces in relation to faunal availability and technological traditions Schollmeyer Karen Gust & Driver followed in each case. As a result we will see that technological tra- jectories were very different and that certain choices followed pat- Jonathan C. terns related with tool functional efficiency but some others were =Simon Fraser University, 4771 W Harrison St., 85226, Chandler, USA karen.schollmeyer@asu. related to technological traditions, especially those related with edu hunting. Interpretations of these results will be offered. S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral Effects of settlement patterns and human hunting on cer- vid availability in the north american southwest 1,2 3 SCHEU Amelie , TRESSET Anne , Prehistoric human hunting has had archaeologically visible effects VIGNE Jean-Denis3, BENECKE Norbert2 & on cervid availability in the North American Southwest for several BURGER Joachim1 thousand years. In multiple regions and time periods, human de- mands for cervids appear to have played a major role in reducing 1, Palaeogenetics Group, Institute for Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, local populations of these animals; the dominant taxa in such as- Germany 2, German Archaeological Institute, Scientific Department, Berlin, Germany semblages show clear shifts away from cervids in favor of increased 3, CNRS Muséum National d`Histoire Naturelle, Archéozoologie, Paris, France use of small animals under 20kg. In other regions, human impacts on cervids were more subtle, and included long periods of appa- On the discrimination between aurochs and domestica- rently sustainable use or cervid population recovery. In this paper, ted cattle in Europe: A joint archaeozoological and pa- we examine the effects of differences in human settlement patterns laeogenetical analysis of ancient bovine bone fragments on local cervid availability in several regions of the southwestern U.S.A., as measured through shifts in the abundance of cervids rela- Small female aurochs and large male domesticated cattle are tive to small game in archaeological assemblages. In particular, we known to show a significant overlap in the size of their bones. This examine the effects of human population size, settlement dispersal circumstance makes it difficult and often even impossible for ar- and nucleation, and the presence and distribution of less heavily chaeozoologists to discriminate between both forms. In our ancient hunted “reserve” areas on cervid relative abundance. We also draw DNA study on terminal Mesolithic bovine bone fragments from the on insights from conservation biology studies on the effects of Rosenhof site in northernmost Germany we recently showed that such reserves on the long term sustainability of cervid versus small the longstanding debate on the possibility of local aurochs domes- mammal hunting. tication in that particular area was based on a misidentification of small aurochs as domesticated cattle. In conclusion, we proposed S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, poster to re-evaluate the size variation of both domesticated cattle and 1 2 aurochs to avoid future misinterpretations. Seetah Krish & CUCCHI Thomas In our present joint archaeozoological and large scale ancient DNA 1, McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research Cambridge CB2 3ER, United Kingdom. study we investigated over 100 Mesolithic up to Bronze Age wild [email protected] 2, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : and domesticated cattle from South-Eastern Europe. Besides deter- sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] mination of the control region sequence and molecular sexing we assessed the size variation of both wild and domesticated bovines Biogeography of modern horse populations: a geometric in that particular region. When matching the results of both disci- approach with applications for archaeological samples plines we faced the even more delicate problem of discrimination between wild and domestic bovines as the Anatolian and Near Eas- This paper presents recent research aimed at providing a protocol tern taurine and the Central and Northern European primigenius that could be applied for group discrimination and biogeographi- mtDNA types might coexist among the aurochs population in that cal analysis of ancient horse populations. Two modern horse groups region. were studied using a semilandmark GMM protocol. The samples de- S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral rived from Thoroughbred Race horses and Icelandic ‘Ponies’ housed at the Natural History Museums of London and Berlin respectively. SCHIBLER Jörg1, DOPPLER Thomas1, The GMM protocol proved highly effective at separating the groups PICHLER Sandra1 & RÖDER Brigitte1 and provided useful results for possible application of this method for archaeological investigations. 1, Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 S1-7, Geometric morphometrics in archaeozoology: Basel, applications and perspectives, poster [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], brigitte. [email protected] SEGURA GUTIÉRREZ Luz Archaeozoology and Wetland Archaeology – Response Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Ciudad Universitaria. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, strategies during climatic deterioration in Swiss Neolithic Departamento de Arqueología, Av. Venezuela s/n, Lima 1. Perú, [email protected] lakeshore settlements De los restos arqueomalacológicos a la reconstrucción de Due to the waterlogged archaeological sediments, organic re- los procesos de trabajo social en el Señorío de Chincha mains in Neolithic lakeshore settlements are very well preserved. – Perú Dendrochronological analysis allows precise dating of residential structures as well as the reconstruction of settlement histories. In La sociedad Chincha se desarrolló en el valle del mismo nombre, conjunction with rich faunal remains from dwellings, detailed insi- en la costa sur central de Perú durante los siglos XIII-XVI. Los da- ghts into food procurement strategies are possible. This allows for a tos etnohistóricos señalan una especialización de grandes secto- closer look at response strategies during settlement phases which res de la población en diversos trabajos tres grandes actividades were affected by climatic deterioration. In this contribution we will económicas: la agricultura, el mercadeo y la pesca. A partir de los highlight two examples from different time periods (37th century datos arqueomalacológicos se está reconstruyendo una parte del BC & 34th century BC) and different regions (Lake Zurich & Lake trabajo de dichos grupos vinculados al área de la pesca: los reco- Constance) of Switzerland which demonstrate that similar respon- lectores de mariscos, y el uso derivado de los restos de conchas. ses can be observed during difficult environmental conditions. One La investigación realizada tiene como fin conocer el proceso de significant human response to such situations consisted in intensi- aprovechamiento de moluscos marinos empleados en la sociedad fying hunting activities. Chincha para los Periodos Intermedio Tardío y Horizonte Tardío. S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral Establecer las posibles relaciones de extracción, transporte, distri-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 219 bución y consumo de los productos malacológicos y su aprovecha- elements of economic or symbolic value, and add to the evolving miento dentro de las actividades sociales, no solo de subsistencia picture of the socio-economic dynamics of the West Indian Ceramic si no de producción artesanal y de esta manera llegar a conocer la Age groups. distribución, al parecer asimétrica, en el consumo de las especies y S3-4, Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - Acquisition and sub-productos. Los datos provienen del análisis de los materiales use of shell raw materials in prehistory, oral excavados en tres sitios arqueológicos: Tambo de Mora, Pampa de la Pelota y La Cantera. Los resultados indican un modelo propio de SEWPAUL Naomi Claire un territorio controlado por los espacios urbanos, y una sociedad University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK, [email protected] altamente jerarquizada. S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - Shell middens ‘Humber - lievable!’: Supply and demand at the edge of and shells as a food resource, oral the Empire

SEGURA GUTIÉRREZ Luz Britain was very much at the edge of the Roman world and a late Universidad nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Ciudad Universitaria. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. addition to Roman jurisdiction. Regardless, the acquisition and sus- Departamento de Arqueología, Av. Venezuela s/n, Lima 1. Perú, [email protected] tainability of animals and animal products would have been essen- tial to this campaign. La Arqueomalacología en el Perú, desde las primeras Research into modes of production and supply in the south of Bri- descripciones arqueológicas hasta los aportes desde la tain recognises pre-conquest trade with the continent; considera- biología tion of military supply in the north-east is less well-researched, but no less important. As well as a network of roads, major rivers feed La información derivada de los datos arqueomalacológicos a fines into the Humber estuary, which would have provided essential rou- del siglo XIX hasta aproximadamente la mitad del siglo XX nos tes and access for continental trade and the movement of animals/ muestran las especies determinadas como listados de nombres, así animal products; especially to those posted on Hadrian’s Wall. como descripciones, breves o extensas, de los contextos donde fue- Traditional faunal methodologies alongside non-metric data, and ron observadas, intentando en algunos casos ejercicios de recons- strontium isotope analysis, shall assist in ‘improved breed’ identifi- trucción las posibles actividades que produjeron esos particulares cation and animal movement. Topographic height and site proxi- registros arqueológicos. A partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX y mity to water are considered key factors (within a Geographical con mayor recurrencia desde los años ochenta, con la introducción Information System) to understanding the economic modelling of de investigadores especializados, principalmente norteamericanos, production sites and supply networks. Indigenous patterns of spe- y sus metodologías del procesamiento de la información, la pre- cies exploitation largely continue through the early conquest pe- sentación de los datos arqueomalacológicos sufre una variación. La riod and changes in production strategies within the first centuries biología comienza a jugar un papel importante en la definición del AD are not clear. dato encontrado, aunque no se supera la interpretación de orden This paper utilises a multidisciplinary approach, aiming to address estrictamente económico. Si bien los recursos malacológicos son the identification of production sites from 150BC-450AD and un- abundantes dentro de muchos de los conjuntos excavados en los derstand the logistical networks of supply and demand across sitios costeros, suelen pasar desapercibidos dentro de los informes north-east England, with the Humber and its contributory rivers at o artículos de investigación. El poster quiere mostrar la variación en the heart of the research. el enfoque desde una perspectiva biológica, y la inclusión del dato S2-3, Empires, poster social desde la arqueología, la etnoarqueología y la arqueología ex- perimental, lo cual podría servir en el enfoque y presentación de la SILBERMAYR Katja1, CHARRUAU Pauline2,3, información arqueomalacológica en modelos más útiles como los 2 2 de modo de trabajo. OROZCO-TERWENGEL Pablo , TERO Niina , 4 3 S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster DULAMTSEREN Enkhbileg , WALZER Chris , VOGL Claus1 & BURGER Pamela2,3 Serrand Nathalie1 & Cummings Kevin S.2 1. INRAP, Rue des Gommiers Blancs Parnasse, 97120 Saint-Claude, Guadeloupe, nathalie. The detection of hybridization in the Mongolian wild Bac- [email protected], UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. trian camel (Camelus ferus) 2. Illinois Natural History Survey, Center for Biodiversity, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820 USA, [email protected] 1 University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 1210 Vienna, Austria, Veterinaerplatz 1, [email protected] 2 University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Population Genetics, 1210 Vienna, Austria, Evidence of long-distance transport of exogenous fres- Veterinaerplatz 1 hwater mussel shells (Bivalvia: Unionida) during the pre- 3 University of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, 1160 Vienna, Austria, Savoyenstraße 1 columbian Ceramic Age of the West Indies 4 Wild Camel Protection Foundation, Ulaanbaatar 210351, Mongolia

Various exchange systems involving shells are known to have exis- The survival of the remaining wild Bactrian camel (/Camelus ferus/) ted in prehistoric as well as sub-recent island societies. In the West populations in China and Mongolia is threatened due to habitat Indian islands, the pre-Columbian societies of the Ceramic Age (AD loss and hybridization with the surrounding domestic Bactrian ca- 5th-15th centuries) developed comparable short- and long-distance mel (/C. bactrianus/) populations. In our study we examined 808 exchange systems among various islands and with the South Ame- bp of the mitochondrial genome spanning the end of cytochrome rican mainland. These systems are mainly inferred from the pre- b to the beginning of the control region in 50 Bactrian camels sence at island sites of raw and modified materials (stone, ceramic, (wild=16, domestic=33, hybrid=1). We identified six mitochondrial animals) known to occur or be produced only in some of the West haplotypes corresponding to one wild and one domestic cluster Indian islands or South America. With regards to shells, the iden- and calculated a sequence divergence of 1.9% between the two tification of a few worked specimens of freshwater mussels shells clusters. Based on the detection of 13 fixed single nucleotide poly- (Unionoida) in a growing number of contexts of the Lesser Antilles morphisms we developed a diagnostic restriction fragment length has drawn our attention. The identified species, Prisodon syrmato- polymorphism assay to monitor the Mongolian wild Bactrian camel phorus, Anodontites infossus, Lamproscapha falsus, are not known herd. However, we were not able to detect maternal hybrids in the to occur on any of the Lesser Antillean islands but are found on population. Thus, we applied 11 newly isolated and 9 published the South American mainland. These data suggest that exogenous microsatellite loci on 70 animals including wild (n=20), domestic shells circulated through cultural and trade interaction networks as (n=45) and hybrid (n=4) Bactrian camels, dromedaries (n=3) and

220 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 alpaca (n=1). Using a Bayesian approach implemented in BAPS 5.2 we identified one hybrid among the wild Bactrian camels. Additio- nally, we confirmed the clear separation (post. prob.=1) between Siracusano Giovanni1 & Carlini Rossella2 the wild and the domestic Bactrian camel population as already 1, Christian-Albrecht Universität (CAU) of Kiel, associated to the School: “Human Development seen in the mitochondrial DNA analysis. We conclude, that wild and in Landscapes” domestic Bactrian camels represent two genetically different taxa 2, Museo Civico di Zoologia of Rome and that hybridization can be detected. S1-3, Old World Camelids, poster The enigmatic discovering of “big cat” mandible in EBA level in the Eastern Anatolian site of Arslantepe (Malayia SIMBERLOFF Daniel1 & DAYAN Tamar2 Turchia) 1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, The felid’s mandible fragment found in a EBA III level of archaeo- 37997 USA, [email protected] logical site of Arslantepe (Malatya, Turkey), could be interesting 2. Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, ISRAEL, [email protected] not only in a zoological, but in a cultural context too, as well as an Archeozoological insights into the patterns and causes of educational case. Many morphological features and the measu- rements of the specimen show that it is clearly cheetah-like man- biodiversity dynamics dible. But the mandible belonged to a young individual and the Archeozoological data have been critically important in aiding an Asiatic Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus), once common and understanding of biodiversity changes through the late Pleistoce- spreaded in many regions of Southwest Asia, was never found in ne and the Holocene caused by hunting, fishing, land use change, the Anatolian Highlands. To solve this question many pantherinae species introductions, climate change, and other factors. Archeo- and not-pantherinae specimen (lynx, leopard and cheetahs are the zoological and palynological evidence on biogeographic range main candidates) were inspected for comparison. The Anatolic Hi- changes has provided key insights into the nature and structure of ghland landscape includes all the habitats where these “big cats” ecological communities and their assembly, including the relative could live. But whereas the lynx is still live on the Taurus Mountains importance of physical factors such as climate and biological fac- and we know that leopard lived in that region, the Asiatic cheetah, tors such competition, predation, and disease. Research on faunas once ranged from the Indian subcontinent to Yemen, never it was of Pacific islands, the Mediterranean, and western North America reported in Anatolia. Actually, Asiatic cheetah is a threatened spe- has been particularly important in determining the overwhelming cies were still sporadically spreaded in some regions of Iran. But it direct and indirect imprint of human activities. The role of animals isn’t a new event, because this felid has head a near-extinction in deliberately or inadvertently introduced by humans, as manifested their recent past and all cheetahs alive today are descended directly in archeozoological data, has received less attention than that of from a small group at about ten thousand years ago. Consequence overharvest and land use change, but this role is often of overwhel- of inbreeding, the cheetah’s estimate frequency of polymorphism ming importance to local and regional biodiversity. Perhaps the is lower than levels of variation reported in other cats and mam- greatest limitation in integrating archeozoology into biodiversity mals in general. This genetic uniformity, has an inverse correlation research is the limited numbers of researchers and well-studied with developmental stability. The conseguent greater fluctuating sites. asymmetry has been interpreted as a reflection of developmental Opening Session, in honour of Aneke Clason instability. Which is the size, the sex and how much outstanding is the morphological asimmetry? There is a halo of mistery which SINITSYN Andrey enveloped the only big cat that can be tamed. How come cheetah which was well known from Ancient world, is so rare in the archaeo- nstitute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dvortsovaia nab., 18. logical sites? St-Petersburg. 191186, Russia, [email protected] S1-4, New developments in biogeography, poster

Archaeofaunas, cultural variability, and human subsis- 1 2 tence strategies during MIS 3: the Kostenki model (Cen- SMIAROWSKI Konrad , ARNEBORG Jette 1, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, tral Russia) [email protected] 2, The National Museum of Denmark, Danish Middle Ages & Renaissance, Frederiksholms Kanal Excavations of the past decade at Kostenki (middle Don basin) 12, Copenhagen, DK-1220, [email protected] provided abundant information concerning cultural evolution and subsistence strategies during the second half of MIS 3 (44-24 ka): Effects of Climate Variations in Medieval Norse Green- (1) initial stage of the Upper Palaeolithic (44-38 ka) is represented land: Zooarchaeological Data as a Proxy Climate Indica- by two coexisting cultural traditions (Spitsynian and Markina gora, tor layer IVb) and adaptations - the first based on exotic Cretaceous flint and the second on a variety of local raw materials. Both are Recent archaeological excavations in the former Norse Eastern Sett- characterized by a predominance of horse, but the Markina gora lement in Greenland resulted in new faunal collections from coastal assemblage is more diverse; (2) early Upper Palaeolithic (37-28 ka), and inland settlements. These new data sets add to the understan- as elsewhere in Europe, is represented by the trans-continental ding of animal husbandry practices of the Scandinavian farmers, Aurignacian and a local “transitional” industry (Streletskian), both and for investigation into the natural resource use in this marginal characterized by use of various local and exotic raw materials and environment. Seal, caribou, walrus, and sea bird hunting were an predominance of horse hunting; (3) beginning of middle Upper essential part of the Norse exchange economy and a critical addi- Palaeolithic (28-20 ka), as elsewhere in Europe, is represented by tion to the pastoral farming, the integral part of Norse communal the Gravettian at ~28-29 ka and the East European Gorodtsovian identity. culture. Both are characterized by the use of a wide spectrum of mi- Seal hunting in particular played an important role in the colony’s neral and bio-resources, and the Gravettian reflects the increasing food procurement strategies since the earliest settlement phase, at role of mammoth. The chronology indicates that the appearance of both coastal and inland farms. A shift in ratios of local to migratory new cultural traditions has no direct connection with climatic chan- species taken by the Norse hunters, and sealing intensification star- ges and occurs within climatic isochrones. Environmental stability ting around 1250 AD was observed in the zooarchaeological record. probably favored increased population density, intensification of This change correlates with contemporaneous climatic alteration inter-cultural contacts, and was consequently a catalyst for cultural in Southwest Greenland that resulted in the increased amounts of transformation. summer drift ice that affected the local seal colonies and producti- S4-2, Mammoth extinction: environmental vs. anthropogenic factors, oral vity of low lying Norse pastures significantly.

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 221 Changes in distribution of bones of various seal species in Norse SOBUR Marta1 & NEBELSICK James2 middens can serve as a proxy climate indicator for reconstruction 1. Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Peabody Museum of the human-environment interactions through time. The seal 58A-B, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, [email protected] archaeofauna reflects past human economic organization and 2. Institute and Museum of Geology and Palaeontology, University of Tübingen, Sigwartstr. 10, communal management of natural resources, with a major change C-72076 Tübingen, Germany, [email protected] caused by a climatic fluctuation around 1250 AD. S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral Between cultural preferences and dietary staples: shell- fish procurement and consumption at Muweilah, Sharjah SMITH Geoff M. Emirate (United Arab Emirates) during the Iron Age II pe- Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, WC1E 0PY, UK. geoff.smith@ucl. riod ac.uk The eastern Arabian subsistence economy in the second millen- Middle Palaeolithic subsistence behaviour: The role of nium BC and in the beginning of the first millennium BC was sus- hominins at Lynford, Norfolk, UK tainable due to a reliance on the date palm garden agriculture and animal herding, particularly of the dromedary camel. The coastal The site of Lynford represents one of the best preserved late Mid- resources from both the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean were dle Palaeolithic sites in the UK (MIS 3), which yielded a large lithic also explored by inland communities as attested by the excellent and faunal assemblage. The fauna is dominated by mammoth with preservation of shellfish and fish remains in kitchen structures in various other species indicative of colder climates. There are no cut domestic deposits at sites such as Muweilah in the Emirate of Shar- marks on the bones; nevertheless, several indirect proxies for homi- jah dating to Iron Age II period (1100-800 BC). The finds of burned nin subsistence have been suggested including an absence of long shellfish inside cooking tannours (ovens) are very common but bone elements and a high incidence of pathologies on mammoth shellfish might have also been boiled and steamed or eaten raw as remains. Such evidence has been used to suggest that the mam- evidenced by various modes of shellfish extraction creating wear moth remains represent evidence for past Neanderthal subsistence signatures on the surface of the shell and through patterns frag- behaviour. mentation. The most abundantly represented species identified This paper argues that hominins had a less active role in the ac- at Muweilah include Terebralia palustris, several species of Venerid cumulation of the mammoth remains. I will highlight evidence bivalves and oysters such as Saccostrea cucccullata. Most loci of the for significant post-depositional modification resulting from bank settlement may also contains trace quantities of microgastropods, collapse and mass movement that appears to have obscured any Murex or Hexaplex shells which do not seem to form an important associations between the lithic and faunal remains. Weathering part in shellfish procurement activities at Muweilah despite their and natural modification indicate an attritional accumulation of availability throughout the region. Juxtaposing the food resources faunal material at the site related to natural mortality. In addition, available to the Iron Age communities with the ubiquitous shellfish predator-scavenger modification is recorded across all species, par- remains in every strata of the desert settlement of Muweilah points ticularly mammoth, and occasionally preceding hominin modifica- to a cultural preference for shellfish consumption. The procurement tion. In contrast, I will demonstrate evidence for hominin marrow of shellfish from the nearest coast included a journey of at least 15 processing on other species from the site. The faunal evidence sug- km and a likely interaction with the coastal foragers, whose pre- gests that the oxbow lake environment acted as a ‘natural freezer’ sence is attested at such sites as Hamriya composed of large shell preserving animal carcasses for longer and allowing for extended middens stretching across the Sharjah Emirate shoreline. This study exploitation of these resources by both carnivores and hominins. forms part of the broader research framework investigating coastal Arguably, the evidence from Lynford does not support the idea of subsistence economies conducted by a joined team of researches habitual mammoth hunting at this locale. from Bryn Mawr College, University of Tübingen, Sharjah Archaeo- S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World logical Museum U.A.E. and Harvard University. during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - Shell middens and shells as a food resource, oral ŠOBERL Lucijal1,2, EVERSHED Richard P.1 & 1 2 POLLARD Joshua2 SOCHA Paweł , SCHICK Piotr , 3 4 1, Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol. Lucija.Soberl@bristol. MARCISZAK Adrian & STEFANIAK Krzysztof ac.uk; [email protected] 1, Department of Palaeozoology, Zoological Institute, Wrocław University, Sienkiewicza 21, 50- 2, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, School of Arts, University of Bristol. Joshua. 335 Wrocław, Poland, [email protected] [email protected] 2, [email protected]; 3, [email protected]; Metaphor or food – the role of animals in Early Bronze 4, [email protected] Age funerary contexts from Britain through lipid analysis Deposits of the Biśnik Cave throw a new light on the bio- of pottery geography of mammal assemblages in Central Europe Since the beginning of domestication in the Early Neolithic, animals and humans have had a close-knit relationship, which extended The Biśnik Cave is located in the Częstochowa Upland (part of also into the funerary realm. This is evidenced by animal remains Kraków-Częstochowa Upland, Poland). It is one of the few Euro- often accompanying the bodies of humans in graves, where they pean localities holding faunal assemblages and traces of human may have offered a metaphorical comment on the identity of the occupancy from the late middle Pleistocene till the Holocene. Qua- deceased. Although faunal remains are found often within Neo- ternary deposits from this locality represent the period from the lithic ritual contexts, occurrence of pottery, as either accessory food Saalian (OIS 8-6) through the Eemian (OIS 5e) and Weichselian (Vis- vessels or containers for human remains, did not start appearing tulian) (OIS 5d-2) till the Holocene (OIS 1). in graves until the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. By extract- Interdisciplinary studies in the site, conducted since 1992, yielded ing and analysing the lipids incorporated into the ceramic matrix remains of 81 bird taxa and 80 mammal taxa; the total number of after cooking and/or storing of food, it is possible to use biomarker bone remains exceeded 200 000. Palaeoclimate and palaeoenvi- molecules and their δ13C values to identify animal species (porcine, ronment changes in the surroundings of the cave within the last ruminants) being herded and used in the past. Through these anal- 300 000 years were reconstructed based on the species composi- yses we can address the question of the role of animals in funerary tion of the mammal assemblage. Repeated migration episodes of contexts and make comparisons with the findings from contempo- both tundra and steppe fauna were observed in that period. Fo- raneous Early Bronze Age British settlements. rest-dwellers of various kinds (forms living in temperate deciduous S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster forests and boreal forests) were constant components of the faunal

222 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 assemblages of both glacial and interglacial periods. ned by both cultural and/or environmental changes along time. A The results indicate that during the deposition of the cave’s sedi- very interesting example of evolution in species composition is the ments the climate was close to temperate, characteristic of the case of the brown mussel Perna perna which was not found in the zone of deciduous and mixed deciduous-coniferous forests of the prehistoric registers, therefore, the presence of this species nowa- Northern Hemisphere. Thus the Częstochowa Upland could play a days in Brazilian rock shores can be considered as originated from a part of a local refugium during both the Saalian and the Weichse- bioinvasion event (or events) which probably happened after Euro- lian (Vistulian) glaciation. pean colonization during the slave trade in XVI century. S1-4, New developments in biogeography, poster S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster Soulier Marie-Cécile1 & SPELLER Camilla1,2, LEPOFSKY Dana2, Malleye Jean-Baptiste2 BENSON Ashleen3, WASHINGTON Michelle4, 1, Université Toulouse Le Mirail, TRACES UMR 5608, 5 allées A. Machado 31058 Toulouse cedex 5 2,3 9, FRANCE. [email protected] CALDWELL Megan , WELCH John & 2, Université Bordeaux 1, PACEA-IPGQ UMR 5199, Avenue des Facultés 33405 Talence cedex, 1,2 FRANCE. [email protected] YANG Dongya 1, Ancient DNA Laboratory, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6, [email protected], [email protected] Comportements de subsistance des premiers hommes du 2, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Paléolithique supérieur du Roc-de-Combe (Lot, France) Canada, V5A 1S6, [email protected], [email protected], 3, School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada, V5A 1S6, [email protected] Alors que la compétition entre Hommes Anatomiquement Moder- 4, Sliammon Treaty Office, 4885 Salish Drive, Powell River, BC, Canada, V8A 4Z3 mwashington@ nes et Néandertaliens est souvent évoquée pour expliquer la dispa- sliammontreaty.com 5, Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 2N2, rition de ces derniers, Grayson et Delpech ont montré qu’il n’existait [email protected] pas de différences significatives dans leur subsistance. Pour cela, ils se sont appuyés sur l’analyse des restes osseux de plusieurs séries Reconstructing past abundance, diversity, and use of her- châtelperroniennes et aurignaciennes, dont celles du Roc-de-Com- be (2008). Cependant, certains points n’ont pas été abordés par ces ring in the Pacific Northwest of North America auteurs et nous présentons ici, pour les couches 8 et 7 (Châtelper- In a world of rapidly eroding biological diversity, both the archaeo- ronien et Aurignacien ancien), les résultats d’études complémen- logical record and indigenous traditional ecological knowledge can taires menées sur les Ongulés et les Carnivores. La présence côte contribute significantly to current resource management practices, à côte du Renne, des Bovinés et du Cheval, pose la question d’une by providing accurate ecological, cultural, and biogeographic ba- possible gestion saisonnière du territoire. Les profils de mortalité seline data. Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) are a naturally abundant associés aux données de saisonnalité et aux analyses archéozoolo- and important component of the coastal ecosystems for the west giques classiques permettent d’évaluer les modalités d’exploitation coast of North America. The archaeological record indicates they de l’environnement et documentent ainsi les stratégies d’organi- were a primary food species for many First Nations of coastal Bri- sation mises en œuvre par ces paléolithiques. Enfin, une attention tish Columbia, Canada. Recent commercial overfishing, however, particulière a été portée au Renard, carnivore le mieux représenté, has decimated local populations, forcing many First Nations to stop afin de discuter son statut dans ce gisement. Ces résultats permet- harvesting herring and their spawn. Understanding the dynamics tent de préciser les choix opérés sur le gibier exploité et les techni- of abundance, biogeography and within-stock paleodiversity are ques d’acquisition, à la fois des Ongulés mais aussi des Carnivores. fundamental for advancing both herring fisheries management L’étude réalisée prend ainsi toute son importance dans le débat and aboriginal rights and titles. This multi-disciplinary project in- concernant l’évolution des stratégies de subsistance et la diversifi- corporates archaeological and paleogenetic data with indigenous cation des ressources alimentaires. knowledge to systematically study the past abundance and diver- S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early sity of herring on the west coast of British Columbia. The presenta- Holocene, poster tion will outline the results of archaeological and ancient DNA ana- lyses of herring remains from several sites on the Northwest coast, SOUZA Rosa Cristina Corrêa Luz¹, and their implications for current herring management models. LIMA Tania Andrade² & SILVA Edson Pereira¹ S1-4, New developments in biogeography, poster 1, Laboratório de Genética Marinha e Evolução, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro São João Batista, s/n CP: 100.644 Niterói , SPETH John D. Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 24001-970, Brasil, [email protected], [email protected] 2, Departamento de Antropologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, University of Michigan, Museum of Anthropology, 4013 Museums Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan Quinta da Boa Vista, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, [email protected] 48109-1079 USA. [email protected]

The biodiversity of marine molluscs from Brazilian shell Comparison of Late Middle Paleolithic and Early Upper mounds Paleolithic Large-Mammal Exploitation in the Levant: The (Israel) Evidence A total of 578 archaeological sites were investigated along more than 2000 km of the Brazilian coast. Data on malacological remains Modern human origins has taken center stage in paleoanthropo- were obtained from archeological material deposited in collections, logy and has become one of the most hotly debated topics in the in situ observations, excavations and a search in the literature. A re- field. Most scholars assume that modern humans possessed cogni- ference inventory of Holocene marine molluscs was build and ana- tive, technological, and other behavioral advantages over Neander- lyzed by means of species richness, biogeography distribution and thals, and as a consequence were able to outcompete their archaic alimentary guilds. A total of 181 taxa were identified, 90 of them contemporaries, gradually displacing them throughout Europe and bivalves and 91 gastropods. Anomalocardia brasiliana (73,9%) and western Asia, and ultimately contributing to their demise. One area Lucina pectinata (40%) were the most frequent bivalves species. where archaeologists are seeking evidence for such competition is Stramonita haemastoma (22,3%) and vibex (14,5%) were in the way the two hominid taxa exploited large mammals. While it the most frequent gastropods species. Both bivalves and gastro- is now almost universally accepted that both hominids were effec- pods were preferentially inhabitants of warmer waters. Most of the tive hunters of large game, there is less agreement about whether bivalves were suspensivorous and most of the gastropods carnivo- they exploited their hunted resources in the same manner and with rous. Data compared between sites separated 2000 years in time the same level of success. This paper systematically examines the suggest an evolution of patterns of biodiversity towards a slightly larger-mammal remains from the late Middle Paleolithic and early reduction in diversity in more recent sites, which could be determi- Upper Paleolithic levels of Kebara Cave (Israel), comparing the two

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 223 assemblages for similarities and differences in the taxa hunted, the c. 20 – 18,000 BP. As a result, humans would have faced severe sur- age structure of the prey, butchery patterns, and methods of coo- vival conditions due to the diminished availability of resources. It king. is generally assumed that this resulted in an impoverishment of S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages the subsistence base, as well as migrations to more ‘favourable’ (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral areas (i.e. refugia). Zooarchaeological research has the potential to address these issues by looking at the quality, quantity and cha- SPIELMANN Katherine racteristics of faunal assemblages during the LUP. Was human diet Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-2402, U.S.A., KATE. impoverished (i.e. were humans hungry) or were novel modifica- [email protected] tions introduced? Were humans able to survive throughout Europe or did they move to refugia? If so, what subsistence practices took The digital archaeological record: the potentials of ar- place at these human-saturated ‘pockets’? Archaeological research chaeozoological data integration through tDAR is taking place at Vela Spila cave, located on Korula island (Croa- tia), although part of the Adriatic Plain during the LUP. Given its For the past several years archaeologists, archaeozoologists, and com- puter scientists have collaborated on creating a cyberinfrastructure, rich and continuous stratigraphic sequence, beginning in the LGM tDAR (the Digital Archaeological Record), that not only serves as a di- (19395±366 BP), it offers a unique opportunity for the study of LUP gital repository providing preservation and access to archaeological dietary adaptations and assessing SE European refugia. Results up datasets uploaded by users, but also allows users to integrate digital until now show interesting dietary choices, with Cervus elaphus databases. Such integration will enhance the ability of researchers to as the ‘dominant’ species throughout the LUP – with values of up address larger-scale questions beyond what is generally possible using to +90% of NISP –, followed by Equus sp. (hydruntinus?) and other individual databases or through synthesizing the results of many se- smaller-sized species (e.g. Lepus europaeus). The LUP economic im- parate analyses. Archaeozoological data have been our specific focus portance of red deer will be assessed, and so will the changes in as we developed the data integration cybertool. This paper discusses representation of other ‘secondary’ species. the process for archiving databases in tDAR, and the development and S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, poster use of general ontologies for archaeozoological variables such as taxon, completeness, natural modification, and human modification in tDAR. STANC Simina & CAVALERIU Romeo The members of the Faunal Working Group that is contributing to the tDAR project have now mapped their faunal databases to these onto- Université « Alexandru Ioan Cuza », Faculté de Biologie, Boulevard Carol I, 20A, 700505, Iaşi, logies. We discuss the challenges of this mapping, as well as the preli- Roumanie, [email protected] minary results from an integrated analysis of resource depression in the La variabilité de la taille chez Bos taurus, du néolithique US Southwest. S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: new approaches to communication jusqu’au Moyen Age en Dobrogea (Roumanie) and collaboration, oral L’élevage des animaux a constitué une préoccupation importante pour les habitants des communautés de Dobrogea, pendant la pé- SPORTMAN Sarah P. riode étudiée. Pour la majorité des échantillons étudiés, les bovins Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, 354 Mansfield Rd, U-box 2176, Storrs, (Bos taurus) représente l’espèce dominante. CT, USA. [email protected] Selon les estimations archéozoologiques, la taille des bovins do- mestiques a varié dans le temps, les bovins élevées dans les com- Beyond beef: dietary variability and identity at Ham- munautés néolithiques étant en moyenne plus grandes que celles mondville, New York, 1870-1900 élevées dans des périodes plus récentes. Les bovins de l’époque de This research employs a combination of historical documents and bronze apparaissent plus graciles que celles de l’époque néolithi- faunal remains to examine dietary variability among the residents of que; et elles ont une taille plus petite. On peut dire qu’au fil de la Hammondville, a 19th-century, multi-ethnic, company-owned mining préhistoire, il y a eu un phénomène d’amincissement des bovins. town located in the Adirondack region of eastern upstate New York. The Pour la période romaine la situation est différente, car on rencon- Crown Point Iron Company, which operated the only store in the village, tre deux types de bovins domestiques, les uns graciles et les autres controlled both peoples’ income and the types of food available for pur- costauds. La présence des bovins robustes peut être due à un pro- chase. Despite this, historical and zooarchaeological research suggests cessus d’amélioration des races; celle – ci aurait pu être réalisée en that individuals and families at Hammondville worked within the struc- deux formes: soit il y a eu des exemplaires déjà améliorés, soit on tures of company control to construct diets that met their subsistence a ramené uniquement des taureaux utilisés pour la reproduction, needs while also maintaining many aspects of culturally preferred pour obtenir, dans le temps, des animaux de grande taille. En par- foodways. Surname-specific company store records were analyzed in tant du matériel osseux on a pu signaler des exemplaires de grande conjunction with faunal remains excavated from the yards of several vil- taille dans le cas des communautés de Telita Amza, Dinogetia, Slava lage households. The data suggest that although beef purchased from Rusa, Histria, Halmiris. Après le retrait des armées romaines de Do- the company store was a staple of most diets, people supplemented brogea, la différence entre les tailles des populations bovines n’est these store-bought supplies through fishing, hunting and sometimes plus si évidente. Il parait que ceci este du uniquement au dimor- raising small numbers of domesticated animals. These practices ena- phisme sexuel. Probablement, la pratique de l’amélioration raciale bled the French Canadian, Scandinavian, Irish, English and American re- n’a pas été continuée dans les périodes suivantes. sidents of Hammondville to both provide for their families and express S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: their cultural identities despite the economic and cultural structures archaeozoological evidence, poster imposed by life in a company town. S2-5, Animals, and their bones, in the modern world (AD1750-1950) , oral STATHOPOULOU Elizabeth1, SPRY-MARQUES Victoria Pia, PHOCA COSMETATOU Nellie2 & RADOVIC Siniša & MIRACLE Preston THEODOROPOULOU Tatiana3 PhD Student, University of Cambridge, RADOVIC Siniša, MIRACLE Preston, Dinko, Downing Street, CB2 3DZ, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM, [email protected] Burnt or stained? Exploring bone colour in waterlogged Vela spila (Korula, Croatia): preliminary results of human deposits: the case of the Neolithic lake settlement of Dis- dietary adaptations on the adriatic plain during the last pilio, Greece glacial maximum and thereafter 1, Department of Historical Geology & Palaeontology, Faculty of Geology & Geoenvironment, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Zographou, Greece, [email protected] 2, Keble College, Oxford OX1 3PG, UK, [email protected] The Late Upper Pleistocene (LUP) was a time of cold climatic condi- 3, Wiener Laboratory, American School of Classical Studies at Athens ASCSA, 54 Souidias st., 106 tions in Europe, especially during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) 76 Athens, Greece, [email protected]

224 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 The identification of burnt bone through the study of features such found in medieval sediments before and after foundation of as colour is one of the most commonly used methods in zooar- Wrocław (1241) and Kraków (1257); the total numbers were 50,000 chaeological research, though increasingly the need for analytical specimens in Wrocław and about 70,000 at the Main Square Market techniques is being called for. As a result, various such techniques in Kraków. Mammals greatly outnumbered bird and fish remains. and methods have been applied on “dark coloured” bones in the Because of the location of the excavations (city centers), the bone past. However, a straightforward analytical protocol concerning materials are dominated by remains of domesticated animals; wild the presence of burning in osteological material still remains animals are very rare. This pertains to the materials from before and elusive to this day. The Neolithic lake settlement of Dispilio, NW after the foundation of the cities. Nevertheless, the representation Greece (5400 – 3500 BC) provides a good case study. The macro- of domestic animal taxa differ between the bone assemblages, e.g. scopic analysis of the bones has not been sufficient in identifying in Wrocław: in the sediments before the city foundation cattle do- burning from staining, given that the animal bones have been re- minated, with a high proportion of sheep/goat and pig; after it the covered from a soil-matrix that is very rich in charcoal and ash, but percentage of sheep/goat remains decreased and pigs dominated. at the same time waterlogged and organic. Numerous modern ana- The results make it possible to conclude about e.g. cultural changes. lytical techniques have been applied on the Dispilio bones, includ- Based on the degree of bone damage it was possible to state that ing Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) com- before Wrocław foundation the animals were slaughtered in or very bined with X-ray Microanalysis (EDXA) and Infrared Spectroscopy close to the square market. It was possible to recognize that in the techniques, in order to conclude on the origin of their colouration. 13th-14th c. some parts of Wrocław were inhabited by Jews, which is The results on the histology, mineralogical and chemical compo- confirmed by written record. The bone material indicates different sition, crystallinity, structural parameters and the alterations of all kinds of human activity: cutting and chopping marks, roasting and the above, due to diagenesis but also due to possible burning, will tool making. Numerous signs of dog gnawing and trampling indi- be presented and their correlation to the archaeological context cate that the bones spent a long time on the street surface before discussed. their final burial in the sediments. S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, poster 1,2 STEELE Teresa STEPHAN Elisabeth 1, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave. Davis, CA 95616-8522 USA Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Heritage State Department, Osteologie, Stromeyersdorfstrasse [email protected] 3, 78467 Konstanz, Germany 2, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Evolution, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, GERMANY Red deer hunting and exploitation in the Early Neolithic A comparison between northern and southern African settlement of Rottenburg-Fröbelweg, South Germany hominin subsistence during the Late Pleistocene Rottenburg-Fröbelweg situated at the Neckar River in South Ger- Decades of zooarchaeological research on Late Pleistocene faunas many is a small settlement dated to the oldest phase of the Linear- from southern Africa have documented hominin subsistence patterns bandkeramik. The inhabitants were the first farmers in this region during the Middle Stone Age (MSA) and identified differences with the and arrived only some hundred years after the last Mesolithic hun- subsequent Later Stone Age (LSA). However, the lack of adequate sam- ter-gatherers disappear in this place. The investigation of the fau- ples and analyses from other parts of the continent made it difficult to nal assemblage proves that these farmers kept only few domestic assess the prevalence of these patterns. New excavations in northern animals. 10% of the identified bones represent cattle, sheep, goat, Africa at Mousterian and Aterian sites are providing opportunities for and pig and, because of the bad preservation of the bones, ques- fresh analyses that contribute to our knowledge of how subsistence strategies relate to hominin behavioral evolution. tionable, medium sized domesticates add up to about 20%. Roe MSA subsistence is best documented from South African coastal sites, deer and wild boar were common, but red deer predominates with and these samples show that MSA hominins were competent big game about 50%. Therefore, the needs for meat were supplied mainly by hunters. However, MSA people did not regularly bring fish, airborne hunting red deer. This behaviour could have been stimulated by birds, or rock lobsters back to their sites, although LSA people frequent- the occurrence of numerous deer in the forested environment of ly did. This narrower diet breadth is also reflected in the lower diver- the settlement. Additionally, the farmers were possibly influenced sity of mollusks found in MSA sites compared to LSA samples. Mollusks by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, whose existence at the time the from the MSA are significantly larger than those from the LSA, which settlers founded their village was discussed repeatedly. If they were likely signifies that MSA hominins were collecting them less intensi- still present, farmers and hunter-gatherers had the chance to get vely. Studies of the faunal assemblages from , Grotte des in touch and exchanged some goods e. g. meat. The complete row Contrebandiers, and Rhafas Cave, , show similar trends in big of the incisors and canini of an red deer mandible with special dril- game hunting and diversification of food resources, including mollusks, lings at the roots found in Rottenburg-Fröbelweg could be an evi- through time. The consistency of these results allows us to better cha- dence for the survival of “old“ traditions. Similar pieces are known racterize Late Pleistocene hominin ecology and behavioral evolution. only from Mesolithic graves in Denmark and Magdalenian sites of S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster the Swabian Alb and the Rhineland.

STEFANIAK Krzysztof1, BUŚKO Cezary2, S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, poster WOJTAL Piotr3, WILCZYŃSKI Jarosław3, MIĘKINA Barbara3, WERTZ Krzysztof3 & STEPHAN Elisabeth1 & SCHATZ Kristine2 1 SOCHA Paweł 1, Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, Stromeyersdorfstrasse 3, D- 78467 Konstanz, Germany, [email protected] 1. Department of Palaeozoology, Zoological Institute, Wrocław University, Sienkiewicza 21, 50- 2, Regierungspräsidium Stuttgart, Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, Stromeyersdorfstrasse 3, D- 335 Wrocław, Poland, [email protected]; [email protected] 78467 Konstanz, Germany, [email protected] 2. ul. Krzycka 76/2, 53-019 Wrocław Poland, [email protected] 3.Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland, [email protected]; [email protected]; miekina@ Strontium isotopes in faunal remains. Evidence of the stra- isez.pan.krakow.pl; [email protected], tegies for land use at Iron Age sites in South Germany Archaeozoological studies of palaeontological materials from medieval Wrocław and Kraków square markets Within the scope of a special research program funded by the Ger- man Research Council the process of centralisation that took place During reconstruction works square markets of two cities, Wrocław north of the Alps during the Late Hallstatt and Early Latène Culture and Kraków, numerous animal bones were collected. They were is investigated in several projects. The focus of the archaeozoologi-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 225 cal project is the research into livestock farming and the supply of Small vertebrate remains found in archaeological context can pro- Early Celtic hillforts and their rural environs. The investigations of vide important information on the evolution of biodiversity and bone assemblages from sites in South Germany indicate different palaeoenvironments of a precise geographical region, as well as on farming methods adapted to functional aspects, social structure, the origin and the history of the deposits. However, very few stu- and landscape. Analyses of stable strontium isotopes in animal dies are specifically dedicated to small fossil vertebrates in North teeth are used to increase knowledge about the pasture-lands of Africa, especially for the end of the Quaternary period. El Harhoura livestock. The local 87Sr/86Sr range was determined by measure- 2 is located in the region of Rabat-Témara (Morocco), a geographi- ments of both archaeological finds of wild and small domestic ani- cal zone of major interest with regard to understanding the Pre- mals, and modern snail shells, animal bones, and stream water of history of North Africa. This cave was occupied by several human the immediate environs of the sites. Compared to the local ranges occupations corresponding to Middle Palaeolithic (Aterian), Upper the 87Sr/86Sr values in horse, cattle, sheep, goat, and pig teeth show Palaeolithic (Iberomaurusian) and Neolithic cultures. This site has very high intra-specific variations, which indicate pasture both also yielded abundant small vertebrate remains, which allowed us close to the settlements (<6km radius) and more remotely. Unex- to realize the first comprehensive taphonomic and palaeoecolo- pectedly, the values for pigs vary within the same range of values gical study for a North African archaeological site by considering from cattle, sheep and goat, which means that pigs were not kept rodents, insectivores, amphibians and reptiles altogether. The ta- in closer proximity to the settlements than the ruminants. In ad- phonomic study shows that the major cause of accumulation is pre- dition, significantly different 87Sr/86Sr values in some animal bones dation (several types of predators occurred along the stratigraphy), of the Heuneburg point to the import of individuals, which were and that no transport by water occurred. Only local bioturbations raised far away, probably in the Black Forest. (roots, burrows) were observed, and other post-predation biases S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: integrating isotopic and appear weak. Thus palaeoenvironmental reconstructions can be trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral proposed in parallel to the archaeological data. We also discuss particular limits of our results and interpretations, due to an impor- STEVENSON Alexander1, BUTLER tant lack of taxonomical, ecological and taphonomical knowledge 2 3 4 in North Africa. Virginia , MISARTI Nicole , YANG Dongya , S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster SPELLER Camilla5, CONNOLLY Thomas6 & JENKINS Dennis7 Stone Elisabeth 1, Department of Anthropology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Oregon Department of Anthropology, MSC01-1040, Anthropology 1, University of New Mexico, 97207-0751, [email protected] Albuquerque, NM 87131, [email protected] 2,Department of Anthropology, Portland State University, P.O. Box 751, Portland, Oregon 97207-0751, [email protected] Osseous Tools in the Ethnographic Record: Use wear on 3, Department of Anthropology and the Center for Archaeology, Materials, and Applied Spectroscopy (CAMAS), Idaho State University, 921 South 8th Avenue, Stop 8005, Pocatello, historic and contemporary tools as a standard for identi- Idaho 83209-8005, [email protected] fying perishable raw materials worked in the Late Upper 4, Ancient DNA Laboratory, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6, [email protected] Paleolithic 5, Ancient DNA Laboratory, Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6, [email protected] Tools made from osseous materials have been used throughout 6, Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, 1680 East 15th Ave. Eugene, OR 97403, [email protected] the world in contemporary, historic and ethno-historic communi- 7, Museum of Natural and Cultural History, University of Oregon, 1680 East 15th Ave. Eugene, ties, and constitute a major class of archaeological artifacts. In the OR 97403, [email protected] course of dissertation research on bone and antler tools from the Establishing the presence of anadromous salmonids in Late Upper Paleolithic of Northern Spain I studied a vast collection of ethnographic and ethno-historic osseous tools used for basketry, the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, USA: Use of mitochon- sewing, weaving, netting, and mat-amking from diverse cultural drial DNA and stable isotope analysis on archaeological settings. These ethnographic collections can provide a rich data fish remains source for the material outcomes of use of bone as a raw material and complement the data obtained from experiments, which are Conservation efforts focused on fish in the Klamath Basin have been constrained by contextual and economic limits. Here I present a fueled by debates concerning water rights and dam removal. Histo- microwear analysis of osseous tools used in documented contexts, ric documentation and ethnographies make a case for the presence of anadromous salmonids prior to 1917, when the first dam was construc- as a baseline for understanding the accumulation of usewear on ted along migration routes. Temporal and geographic distribution of bone and antler during the manufacture of textiles, and individual species is unknown. Gross taxonomic distinctions are pos- nets. I then present data from the sites of Entrefoces and El Perro, sible using macroscopic techniques on skeletal elements. However, two small sites from the very end of the Pleistocene. The osseous analytic techniques targeting D-loop and Cytochrome-B variation in collections from these two sites are quite small, but diverse consi- salmonid mitochondrial DNA provide the most accurate and precise dering their small size. Usewear on these artifacts will be assessed species identification in archaeological samples. To verify that archaeo- using the comparative standards created through an experimental logical samples represent anadromous fish and distinguish resident program and a traceological analysis of ethnographic objects with from migratory Oncorhynchus mykiss (redband/steelhead trout) we well-defined usewear and clearly known use histories. used carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses to distinguish ma- S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster rine from freshwater food sources. We applied these techniques to a study of previously collected fish remains from six archaeological sites STOPP Barbara, COLLEDGE Sue, in the Upper Klamath Basin, Oregon, USA. This study firmly establishes the status of anadromous salmonids in this area prior to Euro-American CONOLLY James, DOBNEY Keith, contact and landscape modification. HORWITZ Liora, MANNING Katie & S1-4, New developments in biogeography, oral SHENNAN Stephen STOETZEL Emmanuelle University College London, 31-34 Gordon Squre, WC1H OPY, London, UK, barbara.stopp@ unibas.ch Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Département Systématique et Evolution UMR 7205 - Origine, Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversité (OSEB) Laboratoire de Zoologie Mammifères et Re-evaluating the origins and spread of farming in the Oiseaux 55 rue Buffon - CP 51 75005 Paris, France, [email protected] Near East and Europe: a database and GIS approach Taphonomy of the small vertebrate accumulations of El The transition from foraging to farming in western Eurasia – and Harhoura 2 Cave (Morocco): palaeoecological and ar- the nature of the processes by which the economic and cultural chaeological implications elements regarded as ‘Neolithic’ spread from the Near East across

226 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 Europe – remains one of the most debated topics in archaeology. Glacial. Archaeozoological analyses of horse remains from the Ma- Arguments about the reasons for the origin and subsequent adop- gdalenian settlements of Gönnersdorf (Rhineland, Germany) and tion of subsistence strategies based on cereal crops and domestic Champréveyres and Monruz (Switzerland) and the Magdalenian animals have remained largely unresolved, because of the lack of level from the kill-site of Solutré (France) provide the impetus for detailed information about what those subsistence strategies in- a synthetical approach to the exploitation of this species. The stra- volved and how they differed from region to region. tegies employed by the occupants of these sites to procure horses, Previous syntheses of the \’neolithisation\’ of Europe have largely the season of activity, methods of processing and exploiting the ignored or misunderstood the role of plants and animals in this pro- carcasses and the spatial organisation of these activities will be pre- cess and the continued lack of attention to the bioarchaeological sented and compared. By referring to and comparing these results record remains especially unsatisfactory in light of quantities of with data from other sites, an attempt will be made to assess the new data and the results of novel, e.g. biomolecular analyses. At- extent and intensity of the exploitation of horses for this period tempts at synthesizing the bioarchaeological record have been at and, in addition, its role in social organisation and human use of best basic, and never integrated or analysed in a systematic manner the landscape during the Late Glacial. on a large spatial or temporal scale. S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World This paper will discuss results from an AHRC funded project “Ori- during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster gins and Spread of Stock-keeping” (OSSK), which has compiled a detailed database of published zooarchaeological data, combined, Studer Jacqueline with an advanced statistical and GIS approach (and data from an Museum d\’histoire naturelle, CP 6434, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; jacqueline.studer@ville-ge. earlier similar archaeobotanical study) in order to re-investigate the ch process of ‘Neolithisation’. S1-2. Animals, plants and new worlds: from exotic trading to biological Evidence for secondary product exploitation in Late invasions, a bioarchaeological approach, oral Bronze Age Swiss and French dwelling sites

STRAUS Lawrence G. This paper discusses the evidence for secondary product exploita- University of New Mexico, Department of Anthropology MSC01 1040, Albuquerque, NM 87131- tion at four Late Bronze Age dwelling sites located on the shores 0001 USA, [email protected] of three different Swiss and French lakes within a 150 km2 radius. Although not the earliest sites in the region with domestic herd ani- Faunal exploitation by the last Neandertals and by ear- mals, the large quantities of bones recovered from these sites and ly Upper Paleolithic humans on the Iberian Peninsula: their exceptionally good state of preservation, have facilitated an in Continuity and/or change? depth study of age and sex structures as well as bone pathologies. Since last synthesized in the period of the1970s-1980s, the faunal re- Consequently, it has been possible to outline the husbandry strate- cord from modern-quality excavations of late Middle and early Upper gy employed for each domestic species and to precise the primary Paleolithic occupations in Spain and Portugal has grown considera- goal of their exploitation as sources for meat, milk or labour. bly, although full publication of many sites is not yet available. The S2-1, New Approaches to the Secondary Products Revolution, oral picture is one of considerable continuity in terms of the main game species exploited by both the last Neandertals and (presumably) the SUGIYAMA Nawa1, BLANCO Alicia2, first anatomically modern humans—notably red deer, horse, bovines— 3 3 and there is growing (but still very limited) evidence for some marine PEREZ Gilberto , RODRIGUEZ Bernardo , resource (i.e., shellfish) exploitation in both periods. A significant use TORRES Fabiola3 & VALADEZ Raul3 of lagomorphs developed in some regions (notably in Portugal) ear- lier in the Upper Paleolithic than had been thought before and there 1. Harvard University, Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. [email protected] was apparently a reduction in possible competition between humans 2. Sección de Biología, Dirección de Salvamento Arqueológico de Instituto Nacional de and cave bears at the same caves in northern Spain across the MP-UP Arqueología e Historia, Av. Puente de Tecamachalco No. 17, Col. Tecamachalco, C.P. 39300, transition. It is also possible that, as part of extensive inter-regional Naucalpan, Edo. de México. [email protected] and inter-site variability in subsistence, some late Middle Paleolithic 3. Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. and early Upper Paleolithic humans were occasionally hunting ibex and Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, México, D. F. 04510 chamois, although the possible role of other carnivores in accumulating [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; such assemblages needs to be studied in further detail. Trends toward [email protected] subsistence intensification continue to show major increases in both situational specialization and overall diversification during the Last Gla- Animal Management, Preparation and Sacrifice: Re- cial Maximum, when Iberia was a critical refugium for plants, animals constructing Burial 6 at the Moon Pyramid, Teotihuacan and humans, corresponding to the Solutrean techno-complex, and in México the subsequent Late Glacial (Magdalenian) phase, clearly separating a period of relatively low human population densities (and hence sub- Humans have always been fascinated by wild carnivores on the sistence pressure) during OIS 4-3 from one of locally high density (and, landscape. This interest lead to a unique interaction with those thus, intensive faunal exploitation) during OIS 2. beasts, one in which they are key figures as principle icons in state S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages imperialism and domination. At the Classic period site of Teotihua- (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, oral can in the Valley of Mexico this was no exception; as eagles, pumas, 1 1 jaguars, wolves and serpents were deposited in large dedicatory Street Martin , Turner Elaine & Müller caches at the Moon Pyramid. Here, we will reconstruct the dedica- Werner2 tion ritual from evidence from one of the offering caches, Burial 6, 1, Forschungsbereich Altsteinzeit, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz, Schloss to look at how these individuals became important actors of such Monrepos, D-56567 Neuwied, GERMANY state-level rituals. This includes a diachronic perspective, looking [email protected]; [email protected] at the life histories of individual animals and a synchronic view of 2, Laboratoire d‘archéozoologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, CP 158, CH- 2009 Neuchâtel, SWISS CONFEDERATION the offering cache as a spatial unit. Detailed zooarchaeological in- [email protected] vestigation on this collection has already begun to shed light on a distinct type of human-animal interaction, one of strict control and A synthetical approach to the exploitation of horse in the domination through the direct management of these carnivores in Magdalenian of Europe captivity for prolonged periods. Such unique evidence is unprece- Faunal assemblages from many sites dating to the Magdalenian dented in the Classic period, and illustrates the antiquity of state in Europe are dominated by the remains of wild horse, showing managed animals that are recorded in later Aztec times known as that this animal was a favourite item of large game during the Late “Moctezuma’s zoo”. This reconstruction helps us understand ani-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 227 mals as social actors deeply involved in state-level ritualized activi- SVERRISDÓTTIR Oddný O. & ties that were arenas for social transformations and the reification of existing hierarchies. GÔTHERSTRÔM Anders S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18, SE-752 36 Uppsala, SWEDEN. [email protected]; [email protected] SURGE Donna1, WANG Ting2 & Lactose persistence and the origin of agriculture and dai- MITHEN Steven3 rying in Iberia 1, University of North Carolina, Department of Geological Sciences, 104 South Road, Chapel Hill, The agricultural revolution was arguably the most important event NC, USA, [email protected] in European prehistory. From there the foundations of our society 2, University of North Carolina, Department of Geological Sciences, 104 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC, USA, [email protected] stem, when the hunter gatherer lifestyle of Europe gave way to a 3, School of Human and Environmental Science, University of Reading, JJ Thomson Building, sedentary life and the practice of plant and animal husbandry be- Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AF, UK, [email protected] gan. Although a much researched topic, there still remain questions about the exact origin of dairying. Was it prior to the rise of lactose Seasonal Temperature Variability during the Roman persistence in prehistoric Europeans? And is there a genetic conti- Warm Period from Archaeological Limpet Shells (Patella nuity between the hunter gatherers and the farmers of Europe? vulgata), Croig Cave, Isle of Mull, Scotland Here we will attempt to shed some light on some aspects of the Iberian neolithisation. Using a restricted geographic distribution of Archaeological shell deposits provide a rich source of climate proxy samples of some chronological depth we hope to get a clearer pic- data preserved as oxygen isotope ratios in shell carbonate. Croig ture of the demographic processes of the early European humans Cave on the Isle of Mull, Scotland, contains a nearly continuous in this particular area. Spreading the analyses over multiple loci will accumulation of shells ranging from 800 BC-500 AD and possibly provide for better possibilities to investigate migrations and other older. This range represents a broad chronology of human use from demographic processes in Iberia. However, this type of SNP studies the late Bronze to Iron Ages and spans the Neoglacial through on ancient material are still scarce, and it is therefore equally inte- Little Ice Age climate episodes. Here, we present preliminary data resting to investigate the effects of allelic dropout and other types on seasonal temperature variability based on oxygen isotope ratios of ancient DNA related problem when applying chip technologies of six limpet shells (Patella vulgata) from the Roman Warm Period. to ancient DNA. Based on AMS dating (2 sigma calibration), the oldest Roman Warm S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, oral Period shell was from BC 340-AD 130 and the youngest Roman Warm Period shell was from BC 110-AD 80. Estimated temperature SWEITZ Anna Lee & SWEITZ Sam R. for the coldest winter was 5.6ºC and for the warmest summer was Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton MI 49930, USA, lsweitz@ 13.4ºC. We compared our estimated temperatures to weekly re- mtu.edu; [email protected] cords of modern sea surface temperature (SST) observed near the Bos taurus and 19th-century consumer choice strategies study area from 1990 to 2009. The average winter SST is 7.36±0.52ºC (n=20) and the average summer SST is 15.03±0.64ºC (n=20). There- in the Cripple Creek mining district of Colorado fore, the Roman Warm Period shells recorded consistently colder This paper will examine the utility of archaeological faunal ma- summers and slightly colder winters compared to today. Our fin- terial for interpreting the consumer choice behaviour of various dings represent the first insights of sea surface temperature varia- households within the 19th-century gold mining communities of bility at seasonal time scales for this climate episode. the Cripple Creek Mining District, Colorado, USA. We propose to S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: integrating isotopic and explore lifeways in the modern era as they relate to food choice, trace element analyses to zooarchaeology, oral particularly in terms of provisioning industrial communities. Our creation and application of relative value indices for faunal remains, SVENSSON Emma1, VRETEMARK Maria2, primarily in the form of commercial beef cuts, reinforced and/ or modified by durable goods (ceramics) allows for an analysis of 1 3 GÖTHERSTRÖM Anders & HAYES Ben household consumer strategies, including personal preference and 1, Department of Evolution Genomics and Systematics, Evolutionary Biolgy Centre, Uppsala economic choice. We offer these relative value indices as a ‘proof of Universitet, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden. [email protected] concept’ where multiple lines of archaeological evidence, including 2, Västergötlands länsmuseum, Skara, Sweden commercially available locally butchered meat, as well as ceramics, 3, DPI Victoria, Australia offer a nuanced view of the differing consumer choice behaviours How new techniques can help us to further understand in this gold mining district. The 19th-century citizens of the Crip- ple Creek Mining District provisioned their households in ways that the process of domestication and selection in cattle varied by occupation, gender, and dietary preference. Our analysis suggests the existence of a three-tiered hierarchy of households New large scale sequencing and genotyping techniques along which is best represented by rankings based on differences in hou- with programs developed for analysis of temporal samples offer sehold beef consumption. Beef consumption proved to be a more improved possibilities to resolve long standing questions such as sensitive indicator of daily consumer choices, rather than the long- introgression of aurochs and prehistoric breeding in early domesti- term strategies associated with the periodic acquisition of durable cates. But with the new techniques comes also challenges such as goods such as ceramics. how to deal with contamination, authentication and data handling. S2-5, Animals, and their bones, in the modern world (AD1750-1950), oral I will present data from large scale sequencing and genotyping of aurochs and ancient cattle. SYKES Naomi1, BAKER Polydora2 & Sequencing at very high coverage has the potential to reveal new 2 SNPs, and thus avoid the ascertainment of basing analysis of gene- WORLEY Fay tic variation in ancient samples on polymorphism data from mo- 1, Department of Archaeology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham,NG7 dern samples. Autosomal Single nucleotide polymorphism data 2RD, [email protected] 2, Environmental Studies, English Heritage, Fort Cumberland, Fort Cumberland Road, has as great potential for addressing questions like introgression Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO4 9LD, UK, [email protected]; fay.worley@ and selection in ancient cattle. I will present how we have solved english-heritage.org.uk the problems with analysis of large scale data and contamination and give some examples of what we have learned about genetic Professional Zooarchaeology Group: building bridges variation in early domesticates and aurochs. between commercial, academic and public service spe- S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral cialists in the UK

228 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 The Professional Zooarchaeology Group (PZG) was founded in 2005 the clear importance of these sites, many of the results, including by members of the Department of Archaeology, University of Not- the remains of the earliest modern human found in the region, have tingham (originally of the Laboratory for Social Zooarchaeology, been long treated as equivocal. This is due to confusion regarding University of Southampton), English Heritage and Wessex Archaeo- the stratigraphic sequence and the associated ages of deposits, logy to bridge the gap between animal bone specialists based wi- not helped by the fact that all excavations were carried out using thin and outside academic establishments, predominantly within an arbitrary spit system. A recent project has sought to clarify the the UK. Membership now includes 66 specialists. Our aim is to fa- Niah sequence. With such extensive deposits, radiocarbon dating cilitate the exchange of ideas (new discoveries; practical, methodo- all the relevant areas and layers was impractical, thus leading to the logical and theoretical developments) between specialists and es- development of a biostratigraphic sequence based on the ubiqui- tablish a mutually-beneficial support network, specialists working tous midden shell. This paper will outline the development of the within universities, museums and other public sector organisations molluscan biostratigraphy for the Niah Caves, as well as discussing providing access to libraries and reference collections, those wor- additional information that this has provided on local hydrological king within units or as freelancers offering their knowledge of changes through time. current British archaeology and unpublished literature. The group S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - Shells as aims to encourage collaborative research, promote and maintain indicators of palaeoenvironment, site formation and transformation, oral best practice and provide internal peer review. Meetings are held twice yearly, and include thematic discussions and practical works- SZPAK Paul1, WHITE Christine1, hops. This paper will review the development, organisation and MILLAIRE Jean-François1 & activities of the group, assess the influence it has on and benefits it 2 offers to individual practitioners and the different sectors, and dis- LONGSTAFFE Fred cuss future directions to enhance specialist experience, contribute 1. Department of Anthropology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada to zooarchaeological practice and research, and integrate zooar- N6A 5C2, [email protected] 2. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada chaeology with other archaeological disciplines. N6A 5B7 S2-6, Influencing, supporting and maintaining our profession: past, present and future, oral Isotopic Evidence for Traded Fabrics and Camelid Mana-

1 gement Practices in the Virú Valley, Northern Peru (Early SYROMYATNIKOVA Elena V. & Intermediate Period) DANILOV Igor G.2 Although camelids (llamas and alpacas) were extremely important 1. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia, [email protected] in every facet of prehispanic Andean economies, very little is known 2. Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, St. about how these animals were managed. This paper reconstructs Petersburg, 199034, Russia, [email protected] camelid management practices and aspects of political economy Review of turtle records from archeological sites of Russia in the Virú Valley of northern Peru during the Early Intermediate Pe- riod (200 BC – 800 AD) through stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analy- and adjacent territories sis of multiple tissues (camelid bone collagen, hair and nail keratin) and textiles spun from camelid fibre from the same archaeological This presentations reviews published records of turtles from ar- contexts. The data provide evidence for diverse foddering practices cheological sites of Russia and adjacent territories (= territory of characterized by much more dietary variability than exists for ei- the former USSR). Records of Emys orbicularis, in addition to those ther modern or prehistoric highland camelids. Many of these ani- reviewed by Fritz (1995): Darkveti (Georgia, Neolithic); Kudaro 3 mals consumed large quantities of maize that was likely fertilized (Georgia, early Paleolithic); Kuz’michi 1 (Belarus, Neolithic-Bronze); with either camelid dung or seabird guano. Isotopic compositions Shan-Koba (Crimea, Ukraine, final Paleolithic); Zamost’e (Moscow of textiles that exhibit local weaving structure and iconography dif- region, Russia, Mesolithic); late Bronze (Karataevo, Zlivki, Zakatnoe fer markedly from the animals in the midden deposits, supporting 1) and Antique Epoch (Tanais) of Rostov Region, Russia; Neolithic- the notion that these fabrics were composed of wool from non- Bronze (Cherkasskaya, Kopanische 1, 4) of Voronezh Region, Russia. local animals. We conclude by discussing the political and domes- Records of Mauremys caspica are not known from archeological si- tic economy in the Virú polity during the Early Intermediate Period tes. Records of Testudo graeca ssp: Aruchlo 1 (Georgia, Neolithic); with a particular emphasis on traded wool and textiles. Azykh (Azerbaijan, lower Paleolithic); Belaya Cave (Georgia, Eneoli- S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, poster thic); Damjily (Azerbaijan, Paleolithic); Darkveti (Georgia, Neolithic- Eneolithic); (Georgia, early Paleolithic); Imiris Gora (Georgia, 1 2 Eneolithic); Mingechaur (Azerbaidjan, Bronze); Sabativnitsi (Ukraine, SZPAK Paul & ORCHARD Trevor late Neolithic); Samele Klde (Georgia, early Neolithic); Talgar (Azer- 1, Department of Anthropology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C2, [email protected] baijan, early Paleolithic); Tsopi (Georgia, Eneolithic); Tsutskhvati 2, Department of Social Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, (Georgia, middle Paleolithic). Records of Agrionemys sp.: Aman-Ku- Canada M1C 1A4, [email protected] tan (Uzbekistan, middle Paleolithic) and Ogzi-Kichik (Tajikistan, late Paleolithic). Records of Pelodiscus maackii: Sinij Gaj (Primorsky Kray, Foraging Ecology of Late Holocene Sea Otters: Implica- Russia, Bronze). To summarize, all these records belong to recent tions for Past Population Status and Future Impacts on taxa and most of them are located within their modern ranges. Nearshore Ecosystems S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, poster Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) were once ubiquitous on the Pacific coast Szabo Katherine of North America until they were reduced to the brink of extinc- QEII Research Fellow, University of Wollongong, Building 41, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, tion following the maritime fur trade (ca. 1780s – 1830s). Based 2522, Wollongong, AUSTRALIA, [email protected] almost entirely on data from Alaska and California, the role of the sea otter as a ‘keystone species’ in nearshore communities has been Insights into a 45,000 year sequence: biostratigraphy discussed extensively. Because the sea otter has yet to be reestab- from shell in Borneo lished in much of its former range (particularly in British Columbia, Washington and Oregon) very little is known about the regional The Niah Caves, Borneo, is a series of interlocking cave mouths that variability in sea otter foraging ecology and it is difficult to predict contain archaeological deposits spanning the last 45,000 years. Ex- the potential effects of future range expansions on the structuring cavated in the 1950s and 1960s by Tom and Barbara Harrisson, the of nearshore ecosystems and fisheries. In this paper we present iso- caves contain a wealth of artefactual and faunal material. Despite topic data (δ13C and δ15N of bone collagen) for sea otters from ten

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 229 Late Holocene archaeological sites in British Columbia. The data Nous présentons les résultats de l’étude archéozoologique et ta- demonstrate a high reliance on benthic invertebrates (sea urchins, phonomique effectuée sur un assemblage osseux d’environ 40.000 clams, mussels) and a surprising lack of dietary variability given the restes provenant des niveaux d’occupation Uluzien (unités A4 et A3) wide range of potential sea otter prey items. Some animals from de Grotta di Fumane (Verona - Italie du Nord). L’ensemble faunique fur trade era deposits also display divergent δ13C values, suggest- comprend une riche association d’ongulés, carnivores et oiseaux de ing that either (1) significant changes had occurred to nearshore différents milieux et climats. Les animaux les plus chassés sont les ecosystems prior to the complete removal of sea otters, or (2) these cerf, bouquetin, chevreuil et, rarement, chamois, mégacéros, bison animals were acquired through trade. We discuss both of these et rhinocéros laineux (Caelodonta antiquitatis). Parmi les carnivores possibilities in light of isotopic data from other nearshore species les restes de renard prévalent sur ceux de loup, d’ours et de musté- (epibenthic fish) from the same archaeological contexts. lidés entre lesquels le glouton (Gulo gulo). Les restes d’oiseaux sont S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: integrating isotopic and dominés par la présence de chocards, râle des genets et tétras-lyre. trace elements analyses to archaeozoology, oral La comparaison entre les associations spécifiques et quantitatives de l’ensemble Uluzien et Moustérien (unité A5-A6), a mis en évi- 1 dence de modestes modifications écologiques et économiques TAGLIACOZZO Antonio , 1 1 encadrées dans un scénario de type forestier-humide. Des change- ZEPPIERI Francesca , FIORE Ivana , ments considérables sont évidents dans les premières occupations GRIMALDI Stefano2, SPINAPOLICE Enza3 & aurignaciennes (US A2), en coïncidence avec l’apparition de milieux DEL LUCCHESE Angiolo4 steppique-froid. Outre les traces de boucherie sur plusieurs os d‘on- gulés, on signale la découverte dans les niveaux Uluzien et Mousté- 1, Soprintendenza al Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico “L. Pigorini”, Sezione di rien de traces anthropiques sur certains éléments anatomiques de Paleontologia del Quaternario e Archeozoologia, P. le Marconi 14, 00144 Roma, ITALY [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] rapaces de grandes dimensions (gypaète barbu et aigle royal) et de 2, Laboratorio di Preistoria “B.Bagolini”, Dipartimento di Filosofia, Storia e Beni Culturali, carnivores (renard, loup et ours). Università degli Studi di Trento, ITALY. [email protected] S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior During Oxygen Isotope Stages 3, Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, GERMANY. [email protected] (OIS) 4/3: Implications for Understanding Modern Human Origins, poster 4, Soprintendenza per I Beni Archeologici della Liguria, Via Balbi, 10, 16100 Genova, ITALY. [email protected] TAKAHASHI Ryohei1, HONGO Hitomi1, Evidences zooarchéologiques sur les stratégies de sub- ANEZAKI Tomoko2, MATSUI Akira3, sistance dans le Gravettien de Riparo Mochi (Balzi Rossi, ISHIGURO Naotaka4 Ventimiglia, Italie) 1, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Shonan Village, Hayama, Miura-gun, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan. [email protected] or [email protected] Dans ce travail nous présentons les résultats de l’étude zooarchéo- 2, Gunma Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 1674-1 Kamikuroiwa, Tomioka, Gunma, 370- logique et taphonomique réalisée sur un échantillon d’environ 2345, Japan. [email protected] 55.000 vestiges osseuses de Riparo Mochi (Balzi Rossi, Ventimiglia, 3, Nara National Institute for Cultural Properties, Nara, Nara 630-8577, Japan. herald@nabunken. go.jp Italie). Ces vestiges proviennent de la couche D du site, relative à 4, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan. [email protected] l’occupation du Gravettien. La faune comprend une riche associa- tion d’artiodactyles. Les lagomorphes, les rongeurs et les carnivores Did prehistoric man really introduce domestic pigs into sont présents en mesure inférieure et sont associées à des milieux Ryukyu Islands? divers. La chasse était adressée surtout au cerf et au bouquetin, We examined the genus Sus bones that were excavated from ar- mais aussi, au chevreuil, au chamois et à l’auroch. Parmi les carnivo- chaeological sites ranging from 7000 to 1400 Y.B.P., located on res, les restes majoritaires sont relatifs au renard, au chat selvatique Ryukyu Islands, in southern Japan. In our study, we used both et au lynx. Le léopard et l’hyène sont présents aussi. Les léporides morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Based on sont représentés exclusivement par le lapin selvatique, et parmi les measurements of the length of lower 3rd molar, we revealed that rongeurs on trouve uniquement la marmotte. Des traces de bou- Sus specimens from Noguni shell midden (7000-4000Y.B.P.) were cherie ont été relevées non seulement sur des vestiges d’ongulés et clearly smaller than those from other archaeological sites on the de léporides, mais aussi sur des carnivores tels que le renard, le chat islands. Moreover, the Noguni Sus showed different size range from et le lynx. Tout l’échantillon étudié a été divisé en 5 phases fauni- the modern Ryukyu wild boar (Sus scrofa riukiuanus), which inhabit ques, afin d’en mieux saisir les affinités et les variations paléontolo- only Ryukyu Islands. Although we only have fragmentary results by giques, paléoécologiques et paléoéconomiques pour les relier au analysis of mitochondrial DNA D-loop region, it was that Noguni’s système de sites dont le Riparo Mochi fait partie. L’objectif de cette samples possibly has different phylogenetic lineage from the mo- étude est d’acquérir des nouvelles connaissances sur les stratégies dern Ryukyu wild boar. Combining these observations, we think de subsistance gravettiennes, jusqu’à présent très peu connues there is a possibility that domestic pigs existed in Ryukyu Islands dans la région des Balzi Rossi. much earlier than the 14th Century, the oldest historical record for S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World the appearance of domestic pigs in the islands. during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral However, we still lack comparative data on the phylogenetic va- riation of Ryukyu wild boar in the past to conclude that Noguni’s population was really domestic pigs. There is also a possibility that TAGLIACOZZO Antonio2, Noguni’s Sus descended from an extinct population of Ryukyu wild 1 2 boar. ROMANDINI Matteo , GALA Monica , S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster FIORE Ivana2, DE MARCH Martina1 & PERESANI Marco1 TANG Zhuowei1, YUAN Jing2, ZHANG Meng1, 1 1 1. Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Dipartimento di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Sezione di LI Liang & YANG Lin Paleobiologia, Preistoria e Antropologia, Corso Ercole I d’este, 32, Ferrara. E-mail: matteo. 1. Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology of Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected] Changchun, 130012 China, [email protected] 2. Soprintendenza al Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico “L. Pigorini”, Sezione di 2. Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 27 Wangfujing Dajie, Beijing, Paleontologia del Quaternario e Archeozoologia, P. le Marconi 14, 00144 Roma, Italy. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 100710 China, [email protected] Variations et continuité dans les stratégies de subsistance Zooarchaeology in Asia à l’apparition de l’Uluzien en Italie: l’exemple de Grotta di In order to improve the zooarchaeological work in Asia, we need to Fumane (Verona, Italie) review its past. The contribution to the researches in this large area

230 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 shows that although the work started mainly in the late period of and -like stone tools found in close spatial association. the 20th Century, the major results with high level came from the There have been thousands of new mammalian fossils found over early decade of the 21st Century. The high-yield work mainly done the last 8 years of excavation especially in Block 2 and M6. Tapho- by both Euro-American experts and indigenous zooarchaeologists nomic evidence from the site is presented, including new tallies in western Asia is full of modern ideas and new methods in many of carnivore and human modification to bones, weathering, bone aspects. Southern Asia is another region with active zooarchaeo- breakage, and ages of death of the carnivores and herbivores. Mul- logical work. Russian researchers tried their best to do the zooar- tiple taphonomic agents were active at the site, including several chaeological research especially in the region around Lake Baikal. carnivore species and hominins. The vertebrate assemblage does Japanese experts did much detailed and meticulous work of ana- not point to a single catastrophic event. tomic and molecules researches. Chinese zooarchaeologists made S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral obvious contribution to the interpretation on domestication his- tory, complex society, the process of civilization, etc. Taykova Svetlana Over all, the zooarchaeological work in Asia is still rather disequili- National Museum of Natural History, Ukrainian Acad, Bogdan Khmelnitsky St., 15, 01601, Kiev, brium both in regional and in periods. The communication among UKRAINE, [email protected] the colleagues from various countries with shareable database is far behind the need of rapid development of zooarchaeology. The Sub-fossil bird bones of ancient Chersonesos (Crimea, training both in basic identification of animal remains and interna- Ukraine) tional language is fairly weak. Furthermore, current education of Bird bone remnants discovered during the excavations of the an- zooarchaeological knowledge and technique in colleges and uni- cient Chersonesos (III B.C. - XIII A.D.) during 2001-2006, were stu- versities can not meet the demand of the qualified personnel for died. 739 bone fragments of total 981 were identified to species. the future work in this field. The identified bone fragments collected from the same layer were S2-6, Influencing, supporting and maintaining our profession: past, present and future, oral grouped by the number of source specimens. In total, 29 species of birds were identified, the majority of which were represented 1 2 1 by the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus f. domesticus, 76%), whereas TANG Zhuowei , LUO Peng , ZHANG Meng , all other species except for the great bustard (Otis tarda, 8,9%) LI Liang1 & YANG Lin1 and mallard (Anas platyrhynchos, 2,9%), are represented just by isolated finds. Almost all of the 28 wild bird species reported here Models of animal use in northeast Asia from the late (crows, cormorants, quails, pigeons, shearwaters, loons, gadwalls Pleistocene to the pre-modern age and others) either nest, or occur while migrating or overwintering on the territory of the Crimean peninsula, in vicinities of the Sebas- 1, Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology of Jilin University, Changchun, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, 130012 China, topol Bay (the territory of the ancient Chersonesos). Some species, [email protected] e.g. Common Scoter (Melanitta nigra), are rare straying species. The 2, Institute of Archaeology of the City of Ningbo, Dafangyuedi in Yuehu Garden, Ningbo, 315000 China, [email protected] domestic fowls of ancient Chersonesos were represented by diffe- rent size groups: the smaller-sized (supposed to be egg producing Based on multisite zooarchaeological analyses in northeast China, breeds) and larger-sized (supposed to be meat breeds). we define 5 models of animal use in ancient times belonging to S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster two groups: Group I – Relatively stable models including Model I – hunting, with the main targets being large herbivores of the Late Pleistocene TEASDALE Matthew, LAU Lilian & Mammuthus–Coelodonta fauna; Model II: Submodel 1 – hunting– BRADLEY Daniel fishing–gathering, with smaller vertebrates being the main targets, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. [email protected] ; llau@ e.g., Capreolus capreolus, Lepus sp. & Phasianus sp., together with tcd.ie; [email protected] some freshwater mollusks e.g., Unio douglasiae & Lanceolaria graya- ma; Submodel 2 – marine fish & mollusks forming the main pro- Markings of domestication and selection in the Bovine tein sources from the Late Paleolithic to the pre-modern age; and genome Model III – farming–husbandry, with domestic herbivores being the Ever since their domestication approximately 10,000 years ago, main meat source in, e.g., the Jin Dynasty. cattle have been selected for breeding based on desirable traits, Group II – Transforming models consisting of Model IV – shifting including milk yield, beef quality, temperament and disease resis- suddenly from a hunting–primitive-farming model to farming–hus- tance/tolerance. bandry and then gradually to nomadism, for which the main hun- The introduction of the bovine 50K whole genome SNP platform, ting targets were large Holocene herbivores, e.g., Cervus elaphus, has allowed for genome-wide scans to search for signatures of do- C. nippon, Sus scrofa from the middle to late Neolithic Age, and the mestication across many individuals. We have implemented one main domestic animals were S. scrofa domesticus, Bos taurus, Ovis such method, Cross Population Extended Haplotype Homozygosity sp., Capra sp., Canis familiaris, Gallus gallus & a few Equus caballus in (XP-EHH), a test shown to detect recent positive selection (<10,000 the Bronze Age; and Model V – hunting with gradually increased far- ming and husbandry, for which the main hunting targets were such years) in Humans. Analyses were conducted between 3 geographi- mammals as Cervus elaphus, C. capreolus, and S. scrofa, and the do- cally distinct cattle populations, Bos taurus Holstein and Friesian mestic forms were S. scrofa domesticus, C. familiaris, and B. taurus. cattle of Europe, Bos taurus Somba cattle of Africa, and Bos indicus S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, Hariana and Tharparkar cattle of India. Several potential regions Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, poster under selection have been identified for further study. S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, poster TAPPEN Martha Telldahl Ylva Department of Anthropology. University of Minnesota. 301 19th Ave S. Minneapolis, MN 55113. USA, [email protected] Osteoarchaeological Research Laboratory, Department of Archaeology and Classical Studies, Lilla Frescativägen 7, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, [email protected] Vertebrate Taphonomy at the early Pleistocene Site of Dmanisi, Georgia Typing Late Prehistoric cows and bulls - osteology and genetics of cattle at the Eketorp fortification on Öland, Some of the best information we have about the early geographic Sweden expansion into Eurasia comes from the lower Paleolithic site of Dmanisi in Georgia. The site is well known for its well-preserved Osteometric analyses and molecular studies are utilized in order to fossils of Homo erectus sensu lato, mammalian vertebrate fauna, investigate the use of cattle at the fortification at Eketorp on Öland

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 231 in Sweden. Molecular analyses are evaluated in relation to osteo- Inter-group guanaco varibility in Southern Patagonia: metric patterns and occurrence of pathologies on cattle metapodia carbon stable isotopes analyses and its implications for in order to investigate specific patterns of use of female and male zooarchaeological studies cattle. Males were genotyped for a Y chromosomal SNP differentia- ting between the two major haplogroups in taurine cattle. A subset The aim of this work is to study the isotopic variability of guanaco of the samples was also genotyped for one SNP involved in coat family groups and discuss the implications of these results for the coloration (MC1R), one SNP involved in resistance to cattle plague analysis of zooarchaeological contexts; assessing the degree of (TLR4), and one SNP in intron 5 of the IGF-1 gene. variability in δ13C values from five groups of guanacos (Lama guan- The results of the molecular analyses confirm that the skeletal as- icoe) from Lake Cardiel, Santa Cruz province, Patagonia Argentina. semblage from Eketorp is dominated by skeletal elements from The assemblages are the result of a winter mortality event (Belardi females. Dairying was important at Eketorp but cattle were an im- and Rindel 2008). It were sampled 71 individuals representing the portant source of meat. We observe a change in kill-off patterns different groups; also incorporating, in order to compare, 10 sam- indicating that the importance of meat may have become more ples from another group from a southern area, plus another 20 in- important in the later phase of the settlement. This is in agreement dividuals collected, unclustered, at different places in the north and with the development of the fortification from a farming settle- central-west Santa Cruz. Collagen of bone remains were collected ment to a handicraft and trade center. by conventional techniques (Tykot 2004), and obtained the 13C/12C We investigated pathological lesions on the metapodials and they ratio by mass spectrometry. It is expected that this type of analy- were classified into two groups; those associated with the use as sis could generate criteria to study the different hunting strategies draught animals and those lesions without a similar etiology. The – e.g. single vs. communal- used by hunter-gatherer populations results show that females and male animals exhibit a different pat- who inhabited southern Patagonia during the Holocene. This line tern of lesions. Male animals exhibit mainly draught related lesions of evidence has already been used in other animal species in ar- while females exhibit other types of lesions. We, thus, conclude that chaeological contexts to study different isotopic signatures to elu- this is a reflection of the different uses of adult female and male cidate human hunting behavior (Hope 2004, Fenner 2008). cattle. S5-1, The biochemical study of animals remains: integrating isotopic and trace We discovered patterns compatible with early breeding and an elements analyses to archaeozoology, poster increasing level of specialization. We see a varied use of cattle at Eketorp but despite of this we have found little evidence of the use THEODOROPOULOU Tatiana of specific breeds for specific purposes. The use of specific (gene- tic) breeds seems to be phenomenon that developed later than the Wiener Laboratory – The American School of Classical Studies at Athens ASCSA, 54, Souidias st., 106 76 Athens, Greece, [email protected] Eketorp settlement. S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral Dead from the sea: sea-worn shells in Aegean prehistory

TENÓRIO Maria Cristina1; DIAS Fabio The exploitation of shells as raw material is a common feature in F2;CASTRO João W. de A. 3 & SOUZA Rosa C. Aegean prehistory. Shell items include ornaments, tools, contai- ners, toys, or musical instruments. Within this group of shells, wa- 4 C. L. ter- or beach-worn shells often appear in the archaeological record. 1, Departamento de Antropologia, Museu Nacional/ UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Both bivalves (Arca sp.,Glycymeris sp., Ostrea sp., Pecten sp., Spondy- Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [email protected] lus sp.) and gastropods (Buccinulum sp., Cymatium sp., Charonia sp., 2, Departamento de Análise Geoambiental. Instituto de Geociências.Universidade Federal Fluminense-UFF. Avenida Litorânea, s/n - 4° andar - Boa Viagem - Niterói RJ – Brazil. fabiofgeo@ Tonna sp.) are found in Aegean assemblages. This paper explores yahoo.com.br the paths of acquisition of this raw material through its distribution 3, Laboratório de Geologia Costeira, Sedimentologia e Meio Ambiente Museu Nacional/ UFRJ. Quinta da Boa Vista s/n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. [email protected] in the coastal and inland sites of the circum-Aegean region, rela- 4, Laboratório de Genética Marinha e Evolução. Departamento de Biologia Marinha - Instituto ting collection of dead shells to other possible sea-shore activities de Biologia.Universidade Federal Fluminense. Outeiro São João Batista, s/n CP: 100.644.Niterói and trade routes. The choice to procure this raw material cannot - RJ CEP: 24001-970. BRAZIL. [email protected] be seen independently from the final products. Yet in the case of The site Geribá II, Buzios, Rio de Janeiro- Understanding sea-worn shells, the use of shell items is not always straightforward: an ancient shell mound from archaeological, zooar- Aegean examples range from shells without any modification to in- chaeological and geological perspectives tentionally manufactured products. A multi-dimensional approach tries to explain the preference to this raw material for specific uses The result of 6100 years BP (calibrated date) obtained in two sam- and shapes, bringing together technological and symbolic para- ples confirms that the Sambaqui Geribá II is one of the oldest sites meters, thus providing a social framework for the interpretation of on the Brazilian coast. Common points were identified between the these finds. formation and the content of their oldest layers and the findings in S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record- Acquisition and two other contemporary and nearby sites. These called attention to use of shell raw materials in prehistory, oral the large proliferation in Lucina pectinata (Gmelin 1791) in the se- cond oldest layer of these sites. The analysis of the species’ habitat THOMAS Richard indicated by the results of geological studies developed in the area School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, led to models for understanding the local environmental dynamics LE1 7RH, UK, [email protected] caused by variations in the regional sea level. S5-2, S6-3, General session Food as material culture in a late 19th-century ecclesias- tical community Tessone Augusto1, Rindel Diego2, 3 4 In recent years, anthropological and archaeological research have Belardi Juan , Panarello Hector & demonstrated the ways in which patterns of food preparation and Goñi Rafael5 consumption reflect upon multiple, often intersecting aspects of past communities, including group identities, gender relations, re- 1, CONICET-UBA-INGEIS, Pabellón INGEIS, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA), Capital Federal, Argentina, [email protected], CONICET-INAPL, UBA, 3 de febrero 1370 (C1426BJN), ligious/ritual practices and status differences: food is an active form Capital Federal, Argentina, [email protected] of material culture. Despite the importance of such studies, in Bri- 3, CONICET-UNPA, Av Lisandro de La Torre 1070 (9400), Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz Argentina, [email protected] tain scant attention has been paid to patterns of food consumption 4, CONICET-UBA-INGEIS, Pabellón INGEIS, Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA), Capital Federal, in the later post-medieval period. Yet, this period witnessed pro- Argentina, [email protected] 5, INAPL, UBA, UNICEN, 3 de febrero 1370 (C1426BJN), Capital Federal, Argentina, gonirefael@ found changes in dietary habits, brought about by increased com- gmail.com modification, urbanisation, industrialisation and the consolidation

232 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 and expansion of global trade networks. Through the presentation of historical and zooarchaeological evidence, this paper explores the ways in which the diet of a late 19th-century ecclesiastical com- munity reflected their collective identity and the social networks within which the production and consumption of food were em- bedded. S2-5, Animals, and their bones, in the modern world (AD1750-1950), poster THUN HOHENSTEIN Ursula, RINALDI Giulia, TURRINI Maria Chiara, GUERRESCHI Antonio THOMPSON Jessica C. & FONTANA Federica School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Michie Building (9), Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia, [email protected] University of Ferrara, Department of Biology and Evolution, 32C.so Ercole I d’Este, Ferrara, I-44121Italy, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Variability in Middle Stone Age small ungulate exploita- tion in the Western Cape, South Africa Hunting strategies and processing animal carcasses du- ring the Sauveterrian occupation of Mondeval de Sora 1, Discussions of the Middle Stone Age (MSA) are often conducted in sector I (San Vito di Cadore, Belluno, Italy): an integrated broad terms that homogenise behavioral variability during a pe- approach riod that covers an enormous span of both time and space. MSA faunal exploitation especially has been described in generalised The purpose of this paper is to afford a definition of settlement temporal and spatial terms, with ‘the MSA’ being compared as a strategies at Mondeval de Sora 1, sector I during the Sauveterrian. whole to another entity, such as ‘the LSA’. This has perpetuated the The archaeological evidence coming from the main stratigraphic impression that human hunting behaviour during the MSA was ra- unit belonging to this phase (US 8), representing a palimpsest of ther static and homogeneous, and that most major technological several occupation phases, has been analysed. US 8 has delivered and subsistence shifts took place as late as OIS 3/2. Recent reinves- an abundant lithic industry, along with faunal remains, tigations of existing collections and an expanded empirical record and . from new projects have shown that more behavioural variability The taphonomic analysis of faunal macro-remains combined with is represented in MSA lithic technology and artefact manufacture the techno-typological, spatial and functional study of the lithic in- than was previously known. Faunal assemblages from two coastal dustry have demonstrated that although its residential role, which MSA sites in South Africa, Blombos Cave and Pinnacle Point Cave is testified by the presence of dwelling structures and the high den- 13B, show that hunting behaviour was also highly variable. Sub- sity of archaeological materials, this site shows a functional empha- sistence decisions such as prey selection and transport were not sis on activities of provisioning and processing of animal carcasses. uniform through either time or space, and a detailed taphonomic The latter belong mainly to red deer and ibex, the hunting of which analysis has revealed that differences are particularly apparent was favoured by the optimal location of the site. Spatial analysis of among the smallest ungulate size classes. Variability in human the faunal remains in relation to the taphonomical categories has hunting behaviour can be seen across the OIS 6/5 boundary, and been carried out in order to contribute to clarify the two different hypotheses presented for interpreting these results: on one side continues on into OIS 4/3. This clearly shows that much remains to Mondeval may have been a “residential hunting camp” occupied by be learned about MSA subsistence strategies, and that future work entire family groups, on the other it may have been an “hunting could fruitfully examine the changing roles of smaller faunal com- camp” of highly specialised groups. ponents in the diet. S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral S5-4. Variability in Human Hunting Behavior during OIS 4/3: implications for modern human origins, poster THUN HOHENSTEIN Ursula1, PARERE Valentina1, SALA Benedetto1, GIUNTI Paolo2 & LONGO Laura2 1, University of Ferrara, Department of Biology and Evolution, 32 Corso Ercole I d’Este, 44121 Ferrara Italy, [email protected] 2, Museo di Storia Naturale di Verona, 9 Lungadige Porta Vittoria, 37129 Verona Italy, laura_ [email protected]

Faunal exploitation at Riparo Mezzana (Verona, Italy)

The analysis of the faunal remains coming from Riparo Mezzena (Verona, North-eastern Italy) is part of the research project devo- ted to the “Human Fossils of the Verona area” project coordinated by L. Longo which aims to investigate the role played by the eco- logical settings and the economical sources management during the crucial OIS 3 stage in the Lessini Mountains in order to seek for similarities or differences in Neanderthals and modern humans be- havioural choices. In the ambit of this project palaeontological and archaezoological analysis have been carried out revealing a great uniformity of composition in the faunal assemblage from the who- le stratigraphic sequence of Riparo Mezzena: cold environment taxa are rare opposite to red deer and roe deer which are domi- nant. An analysis of the bone surface has been carried out in order to identify the different taphonomical agents that have altered the assemblage. The specimens were affected by different post-depo- sitional factors but several modifications of anthropic origin have been recognized too. Particularly the taphonomical analysis shows an intensive anthropic activity, mostly in layer III, which is especially testified by the increased number of cutmarks, notches, bone re-

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 233 touchers and burned remains. Carnivore specimens are few and that the sites were used all year round rather than seasonally. gnawing marks are absent in all the layers as a possible consequen- S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster ce of the intense anthropic occupation of the site. Furthermore, no cutmarks on carnivore bones have been identified. TORNERO Carlos1, BALASSE Marie2 & S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior during OIS 4/3: implications for 1 modern human origins, poster SAÑA Maria 1, Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia. Departament de Prehistòria. Edifici – C. Campus Universitari. 1 2 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. 08169.Bellaterra. (Barcelona, Spain). Carlos.Tornero@uab. TOIZUMI Takeji , UETSUKI Manabu , cat & [email protected] 3 4 2, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : TSUMURA Hiro’omi , KUROZUMI Taiji & sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. [email protected] EGUCHI Seiichi4 1, Waseda University, Nishi-Waseda 1-6-1, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8050, JAPAN, ZBN22233@nifty. Evaluating the dynamic and rhythm of animal domesti- com cation: analysis of Bos (Bos primigenius/Bos taurus) repro- 2, Yamanashi Prefectural Museum, Misaka-cho Narita 1501-1, Fuefuki City, Yamanashi 406-080, JAPAN, [email protected] ductive patterns in tell Halula (PPNB, Syria) by isotopic 3, Doshisha University, Tatara Miyakodani 1-3, Kyotabe City, Kyoto 610-0394, JAPAN, htsumura@ mail.doshisha.ac.jp data 4, Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Aoba-cho 955-2, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8682, JAPAN, [email protected] The control of animal reproduction was among the most important [email protected] factors involved in the process of domestication. Without enough knowledge from this aspect it seems difficult to understand the dy- Shell midden formation and palaeoenvironment at Ra’s namic and rhythm of the process, as well as the social magnitude Jibsh Shell Midden, Oman of it. In this study, season of birth is evaluated by stable isotope analyses on cattle remains recovered from tell Halula site. Archaeo- The result of a general survey at Ras Jibsh (JBH) in the southern zoological analyses carried out (including morphological and bio- edge of Ja’alan region during the 2006-10 season will be presented, metrical analyses, slaughtering and butchery patterns, skeletal part focusing on the relationship between shell midden formation and representation,…) show significant changes on cattle management Holocene palaeoenvironment, especially the regression process of during 7800 to 7000 cal BC, some of which could be related with the lagoon facing the site. the process domestication (Saña 1997; 2001). 13C and 18O val- The lithic industry of JBH is significant in discussing the origin of ues were measured from tooth enamel on third lower molars of Bos maritime adaptation in the area, since it resembles a characteristic sp. Samples were obtained in a sequential order on enamel from of the Mesolithic. This indicates that JBH may be one of the oldest the occlusal surface to the neck from similar teeth of different in- shell midden in the Arabian Peninsula. dividuals. Our results are as follows. Firstly, both the absolute 13C The molluscan assemblage has revealed that a lagoon and sand/ values and the pattern of sequential changes were clearly differ- mud flat existed in the adjacent sabkha, which is now dried out. In ent between individuals. These differences may reflect differences the earlier half of site formation (Neolithic), small patches of man- between domestic and wild populations. Secondly, all individuals grove wetland also existed. In the later half of the site formation show a similar seasonal dynamic in their 18O values. Data suggest (Bronze Age or later), the lagoon was lost, resulting in the increasing that the same season of birth is represented between both groups. dependance on pelagic coast and rocky shore shell species. Such This last point supposes appreciate considerations to the study of change corresponds with the regression of lagoon and decline of animal domestication, attending to the dynamic and rhythm of the mangrove forests after the Bronze Age proposed so far. process. Large number of fish remains was also collected. Clupeidae and S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: integrating isotopic and small sized Acanthopagrus were dominant, although further scru- trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, poster tiny is necessary. The assemblage, along with the presence of net sinkers indicates that net fishing played a major role in the diet. TORNERO Carlos1, BURTON James2, Mammals, both terrestrial and marine, or edible plant remains were 2 1 very scarce or totally absent, which calls into question the year- PRICE T. Douglas & SAÑA Maria round occupation of the site. 1, Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia. Departament de Prehistòria. Edifici – C. Campus Universitari. S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. 08169.Bellaterra. (Barcelona, Spain). Carlos.Tornero@uab. cat & [email protected] 2, Laboratory for Archaeological Chemistry. Department of Anthropology, University of 1 2 TOMEK Teresa , BOCHEŃSKI Zbigniew M & Wisconsin-Madison (USA). [email protected] & [email protected] 3 LÕUGAS Lembi Integrating trace elements with intra-tooth variation stu- 1, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31-017 Kraków, Poland; [email protected], [email protected], dies in archaeozoology: a preliminary approach at the 2, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska tell Halula site 17, 31-017 Kraków, Poland; [email protected]. 3, Deptartment of Archaeobiology and Ancient Technology, Institute of History, Tallinn University, Rüütli 10, EE10130 Tallinn, Estonia. [email protected]. Qualitative information from trace-elements has been recently examined in the frame of biogeochemical analyses in archaeology. The utilization of birds during the Late Bronze Age on the This work shows our latest advances for its integration in archaeo- Baltic Sea island of Saarema, Estonia zoology. Our purpose is to contribute to the better understanding of information provided by alkaline-earth elements in intra-tooth The paper analyzes avian remains found on three sites (Asva, Ridala variation studies from hypsodont mammal species. Dental remains and Kaali) located on the island of Saarema, the Baltic Sea, Estonia, of Capra hircus and Ovis aries recovered from Pre-Pottery Neoli- dated to the Late Bronze Age. The bird fauna is relatively diversified thic-B site of tell Halula (Middle Eufrates Valley, Arab Republic of – the 500 bird remains represent at least 50 species. As could be ex- Syria) were analyzed. Enamel samples obtained perpendicularly pected, the assemblage is dominated by waterfowl with relatively to the growth axis (e.i. sequential analysis) exhibit a trend encom- numerous remains of Anas platyrhynchos. Galliforms, falconiforms, passing more than one seasonal cycle in agreement with tooth de- charadriiforms, corvids and other birds are less numerous. Cut velopment and period of the enamel formation. Results show that marks and traces of burning indicate that the birds were hunted for elemental concentrations cycle through the growth axis of tooth. food and possibly utilized for other purposes by the inhabitants of Absolute data and sequential Sr/Ca & Ba/Ca concentrations show the sites. The presence of species that typically occur in Estonia only enormous inter-specific differences while intra-specific differences in summer (Caprimulgus europaeus, Cuculus canorus) or only in win- shows distinct individual histories. Since observed patterns could ter (Somateria sp., Clangula hyemalis) indirectly supports the notion be likely explained in terms of seasonal consumption of plants,

234 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 the results could additionally suggest different herd management TOŠKAN Borut strategies (human control of animal food, foddering herds during Institute of Archaeology ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, P.O. Box 306, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, periods of less available resources without a seasonally mobile [email protected] pattern) during entire annual cycles. These data contain significant information for our effort to understand the kind of management Late antique Tonovcov grad (Slovenia): a local capital strategies developed with the first herds of domesticated animals. amid the chaos of a crumbling empire S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to zooarchaeology, oral In the past decades several Roman Imperial sites ranging from villas to urban centres has been studied in Slovenia and North-eastern TOSI Maurizio1 & CURCI Antonio2 Italy, allowing us to gain a solid understanding of the characteris- tics of the husbandry and the livestock in that area during the first 1, Department of Archaeology - University of Bologna, via S. Vitale 30, 48121 Ravenna (Italy), [email protected] three centuries ACE. Much less is known about the production, 2, ArcheoLaBio – Research Centre of Bioarchaeology – Department of Archaeology - University supply and use of faunal resources in the Late Antiquity, which is of Bologna, via S. Vitale 30, 48121 Ravenna (Italy), [email protected] in great part to be ascribed to a much slimmer body of (published) data. The over 18,500 animal remains (NISP = 5,621) collected at To- Camel remains from site HD6 (Ra’s al-Hadd, Sultanate of novcov grad, a Late Antique local centre in Western Slovenia, thus Oman) provided a good opportunity to obtain a deeper insights into the cultural transformation and change in animal husbandry triggered Since 1996, the Italian Archaeological Mission in the Sultanate of by the unstable political and security situation in the 4th–6th centu- Oman is investigating site HD6, a settlement dated between the ries ACE. By dealing with a variety of zooarchaeological methods end of the 4th and the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC located and approaches, including biometry, mortality curves and butche- on a coastal paleo–dune near the access to an ancient lagoon. Site ry patterns, we tried to evaluate how change (or the lack of it) in the HD6 is very rich in faunal remains, with a marked predominance intensity of production, taxonomic richness of livestock (both in of sea species. It is characterised by an abundance and variety of terms of species and phenotypes), local and long-distance supply fishes, as well as by abundant remains of turtles and sea mammals. systems as well as social stratification of the population were deter- Land mammals, both domestic and wild, as well as birds only ap- mined by the chaos of the crumbling empire. The results indicated pear in small quantities. Among the faunal remains found during Tonovcov grad to have been an economically rather autarchic sett- recent excavations, of particular importance are those of camel. Re- lement. The husbandry was based on small size animals of primitive mains of dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) are commonly found local forms, with sheep-husbandry progressively gaining more and in sites of south-eastern Arabia, dated from the Late Holocene to more ground on expanse of cattle. the Bronze Age. However, these remains are generally attributed S2-3, Empires, oral to wild animals, being the product of human hunting. The findings of dromedary at site HD6 might be interpreted in a different way. Therefore they are of particular importance, both in widening our TÓTH Zsuzsanna knowledge about their spreading area, and in understanding their Eötvös Loránd University of Sciences, Institut of Achaeology, Department of Archaeometry and status within prehistoric communities. Methodology, H-1088 Budapest, Múzeum Krt. 4B, [email protected] S1-3, Old World Camelids, poster Raw material preferences in the worked osseous assem- TOŠKAN Borut1 & BOSCHIN Francesco2 blage on the Final Neolithic site of Aszód, central Hun- gary 1, Institute of Archaeology ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, P.O. Box 306, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia. borut- [email protected] The site of Aszód lies in the central part of Hungary, on the eas- 2, Università di Siena, Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali - U.R. Ecologia Preistorica, Via T. tern side of the Danube. In the neolithic times, the river acted as a Pendola 62, 53100 Siena, Italia. [email protected] border between the two parts of the country. The site gains impor- tance, because though it is lying on the eastern side, belongs to the Population diversity of Copper/Early Bronze Age “turbary , which’ territory is the western part of the country. dogs” in South-eastern Alps and its anthropological im- Many researchers think, that the people living here, were control- plications ling the obsidian exploitation, and took important role in the circu- lation of this and other raw materials and products. I compare the Dog is known to have been the first animal to be domesticated. Of archaeozoological material and the worked osseous assemblage the classical “quintet” of Neolithic domesticates, however, this spe- and find the traces of this role. The archaeozoological material cies is of least direct economic importance, whereby less effort has shows a picture typical for the late Neolithic in the region with do- been invested in selecting breeds. Accordingly, it might have been minance of cattle and increased importance of game animals. The only in the Roman Period that at least some dogs were most likely worked osseous material shows clear preferences, the bones domi- to have been bred, while in prehistoric times the breeding with- nating by cervidae, sheep/goat and an increased role of red deer out human control supposedly favoured the emergence of small/ antler. I try to clear the question of the so-called “antler workshop” medium size individuals. The average looking dogs (medium size, and find the reasons, why the people living here produced antler medium gracile, straight-legged etc.) from Central European lake tools in so a high number. dwellings from the Copper/Early Bronze Age periods apparently fit S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster well with the thesis of such “average” phenotypes developing when dogs are more subject to natural rather than artificial selection. In Trantalidou Katerina1 & Masseti Marco2 order to further test the supposed osteological uniformity and lim- ited size variability of central European “turbary dogs” as shown by 1, Ephorate for Palaeoanthropology and Speleology of Southern Greece 34b Ardittou str., 11636 Athens, Greece uni- and bivariate analyses, we addressed the population diversity [email protected] in this area by applying landmarked approaches to archaeological 2 , Department Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Florence, Italy, marco. samples from several sites on the southern and eastern outskirts of [email protected] the Alps. We based our appreciation upon the detailed morphology of mandibles and maxillas. Multivariate analysis of shape were per- Archaeozoology of the red deer in the southern balkan formed in order to reveal similar sets of complex shape features on peninsula and the Aegean region during the antiquity: both mandibles and maxillas as well as to check for the existence of confronting bones and paintings regional/temporal structuration of populations. S1-7, Geometric morphometrics in archaeozoology: The red deer found today belongs to the subspecies Cervus ela- applications and perspectives, oral phus hippelaphus and it was reported in the maritime peninsula

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 235 during the XIX and the beginning of XX century. In the north-eas- crops. An important part of these invasions is due to commensal and tern part of the same region, Cervus elaphus maral, found mainly in anthropophile animals. Among them, mice and rats are the most pro- Asia Minor, Crimea, Caucasus Region and northwestern Iran area, lific and the most emblematic worldwide invaders and as such have is attested. become the subject of many studies. But, though more discrete and The list of archaeozoological material from the sites of the southern less threatening to biodiversity and human activities in the short term, Balkan peninsula make clear that bone fragments of red deer occur other small mammals have, like mice and rats, an anthropophile beha- in almost all layers. Antlers and metapodials are present in most viour and may under certain circumstances become successive inva- ders too. Recent observations in different parts of Europe have docu- Aegean islands in order to be used mostly as raw material. mented the proliferation of shrews, hamsters, wood mice and voles in In this paper we try to review the literature concerning the size of urban areas, emphasizing for example their potential dangerousness as red deer, the antler fragments that permit measurement, the site vectors of virus, bacteria and parasites. Some of these species have also distribution and the presence of the imagery of ancient Greek art. recently, thanks to human transportation means and with the help of We try to correlate all those figures in order to understand the pro- climatic change, extended their distribution areas and come in contact venance and the commerce of bones on the islands, the reason with local native species, potentially competing with them and threa- why in the range of subjects of painters (animal frieze, animals in tening ecological equilibriums. These modern observations come as no action, attributes) red deer is less popular than the fallow, if there surprise to zooarchaeologists as they are echoing past situations. is any significance. Archaeological records and modern observations from three large areas At the same we try to be informed on the phenotypes which have of Europe allow sketching the Holocene history of these taxa. Here, we occurred in the considered area relatively to the considered time bring together concepts and methods from archaeozoology and bio- geography to process these data and address the questions of the com- span. mensalism emergence in small mammals and the historical and social conditions facilitating their dissemination and proliferation. S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral S1-2. Animals, plants and new worlds: from exotic trading to biological invasions, a bioarchaeological approach, oral TRENTACOSTE Angela 1 1 University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, S1 4ET, Sheffield, UK, a.trentacoste@ TRINKS Alexandra , LEONARDI Michela , gmail.com BURGER Pamela2, BENECKE Norbert3 & A broken record? the development, application and im- BURGER Joachim1 provement of recording protocols 1 Palaeogenetics Group, Institute for Anthropology, University of Mainz, Colonel Kleinmann Many methods of recording and quantification are currently em- Weg 2, 55099 Mainz, Germany, [email protected] ployed in vertebrate faunal analysis. These systems have developed 2 Institute for Population Genetics and Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinarplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria, [email protected] over the last century in response to a diversity of research objec- 3 German Archaeological Institute, Im Dol 2-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, [email protected] tives and challenges, and as a result, zooarchaeologists now have a wealth of recording methods from which they might choose. Coalescent-based Simulations of Population Ancestry of However, real discussion concerning recording protocols and their the two-humped Camel (Camelus bactrianus) applications has been limited, and students are rarely well exposed The domestication of the two-humped camel (Camelus bactrianus) has to a diversity of practices. Unfamiliarity with various recording promoted unprecedented progress in cultural and economic develo- methodologies is detrimental to the discipline; analysis will suffer pment for ancient human civilisations in the cold deserts of Eurasia. if recording protocols are not individually matched to project aims. However, time and place of the origin of domestication of these animals Additionally, a lack of interest in engaging with present methodo- remain unresolved, as only few references are available in this field of logical challenges precludes future solutions. research. Therefore a 460bp hypervariable fragment of the mitochon- This presentation provides a basic timeline of the history of zooar- drial DNA (mtDNA) control region was analysed in 12 bone samples of chaeological recording, a guide to the application of current Camelus bactrianus from Late Bronze and Early Iron Age sites of Uzbe- methods, and a map for their future improvement. Through investi- kistan and Siberia. A subsequent comparison with sequences of 122 re- gation of the development of minimal to meticulous recording sys- cent domesticated bactrian camels from China and Mongolia as well as tems, their present employment in academic and commercial set- with 21 recent wild camels (Camelus ferus) from Mongolia by Arlequin tings can be better understood. Discussion highlights the strengths showed that the extant wild camels are neither the ancestors of the aD- and weaknesses of current systems in attempt to outline a model NA-samples, nor modern domesticated two-humped camels. A kinship for their most effective application. Deficits in existing protocols are between domesticated Bronze/Iron Age camels and modern ones was exposed, and promising future solutions to both methodological supposed, but Fst-values showed no significance.Furthermore, diffe- and practical recording issues explored. rent ancestry scenarios were modeled and tested by serial coalescent S2-6, Influencing, supporting and maintaining our profession: simulations, whether the differences of genetic diversity observed wi- past, present and future, poster thin and between the populations can be explained under the null hy- pothesis of population continuity alone. S1-3, Old World Camelids, poster TRESSET Anne1, CUCCHI Thomas1,2 , KOVACS Zsofia3, CORNETTE Raphaël4, TURNER Elaine1 BARTON Nick2, BĂLĂŞESCU Adrian5, CALLOU Cécile1, BOUZOUGGAR Abdeljalil3 & HELMER Daniel6, MASHKOUR Marjan1 & HUMPHREY Louise4 1 VIGNE Jean-Denis 1, Palaeolithic Research Unit, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, D-56567 Neuwied, [email protected] 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : 2, Institute of Archaeology, University of Oxford, UK- OX1 2PG, [email protected] sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. 3, Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine, 10 000 Rabat-Morocco, 2, Archaeology Department, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK [email protected] 3, Field Service for Cultural Heritage, Budapest, Hungary 4, Natural History Museum, London, UK, [email protected] 4, UMR 7205 CNRS/MNHN, Paris, France 5, Musée National d’Histoire de la Roumanie, Bucarest, Romania 6, UMR 5133 CNRS/U. Lyon2, Lyon, France Preliminary results of archaeozoological analyses of fau- nal remains from Middle and Upper Palaeolithic occupa- In the wake of mice and rats: shrews, hamsters, wood tion levels at the Grotte des Pigeons, , Morocco mice and voles and the conquest of the human planet Northern and Eastern Morocco is a region of key interest for the Nowadays, biological invasions are among the most important threats understanding of human evolution and behavioural development. to native faunas and floras and to human health, domestic stocks and Recently, new projects have been initiated in which key sites are

236 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 sampled and investigated in order to understand the chronology of stag antler to imported supplies from around the world, such as, the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic of the Maghreb and to provide ivories, tortoiseshell and horn from buffalo. Not only could these the palaeoenvironmental and archaeozoological background to materials be made into attractive handles, but they also lent them- the human occupation of the region during these periods. selves to carving and inlays, adding further to their desirability. One of the key sites for eastern Morocco is Grotte des Pigeons at This paper will highlight available documentary sources indica- Taforalt, situated near the border with . ting the use of animal-derived materials for the cutlery industry in The preliminary results of analyses of faunal remains from the levels Sheffield and, from the archaeological record, suggest some of the at Taforalt are presented here. These results are beginning to provi- methods of manufacture. It will also cover the process by the indus- de not only a palaeoenvironmental background to the chronologi- try, of replacing the use of natural materials with plastics. cal developments, but also evidence of the exploitation of animals, S2-5, Animals, and their bones, in the modern world (AD1750-1950), oral particularly Barbary sheep, by the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic occupants of the cave. Finally, undisturbed human burials at the UZAWA Kazuhiro1, SEKI Yuji2 , rear of the cave associated with the remains of butchered animals ALEMAN Diana3 & OLDÑES Mauro3 provide a unique opportunity to study various aspects of the lifes- tyles of Upper Palaeolithic humans, from their hunting tactics to 1, University of East Asia, 2-1 Ichinomiya-gakuencho, Shomonoseki, Yamaguchi 751-8503, Japan. [email protected] their mortuary practices. 2, National Museum of Ethnology, 10-1 Senri Expo Park, Suita, Osaka 565-8511,J apan. S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster 3, San Marcos University, Av. Universitaria Edificio Jorge Basadre Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 1, Peru.

UETSUKI Manabu Prehistoric Dispersal of Domestic Camelids in Northern Yamanashi Prefectural Museum, Misaka-cho Narita 1501-1, Fuefuki City, Yamanashi, Japan 406- highland of Peru 0801, [email protected] The available archaeological evidence indicates that two species Taphonomic Evidence of Intensive Deer (Cervus nippon) of south American camelids, llama (Lama grama) and Alpaca (Vi- and Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Processing in the Final Jomon cuna pacos) were domesticated in the central and potentially south central Andes by 4000 BC (Wheeler 1984, Mengoni Gonalons and A Final Jomon “bone midden” site characterized by a dense accu- Yacobaccio 2006). However, it is still unclear when and how these mulation of deer and wild boar remains was analyzed. The relatively domestic animals were adopted in the various environmental set- even distribution of limb elements was reconstructed by counting tings of pan-Andean regions. mid-shaft portions. This revealed that elements with high amount In recent years, the timing of domestic camelids dispersal in the of meat and marrow were in fact brought into the site. Gnaw marks northern highland of Peru has been studied by authors based on were concentrated on the end portions of limb elements. This the faunal data from two large archaeological sites; Kuntur Wasi shows that the low ratio of certain limb elements, such as femur, and Pacopampa. At Kuntur Wasi site, the domestic camelids first proximal humerus, and proximal tibia, is largely due to consump- appeared in 800 – 500 BC and became major species of the site in tion by dogs. On the contrary, traces of burning appeared haracte- 250 BC. On the other hand, zooarchaeological data from Pacomapa ristically on the mid-shaft portion and were associated with fractu- site situated northern end of Andean highland, that is further from re points. They are estimated to be the evidence of roasting prior to origin of domestication than Kuntur Wasi, reveals domestic llama marrow cracking. The low rate of gnaw marks on mid-shaft portions had been introduced at the site by the 1200 – 800 BC and the spe- also shows intense marrow cracking, meaning that marrow was ex- cies dominated in the bone assemblage in 800 – 500 BC. tracted before bones were fed to dogs. The selective transport of These conflicting results suggest that the dispersal of the domestic nutritionally valuable elements and their intensive consumption as camelids would have been affected by not only the geographical seen in the frequent marrow cracking indicate that the site was a setting of the site but also cultural factors including the function residential base where food was processed. The fact gives new in- of the site. sight into the understanding of the cause behind the formation of S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral bone middens. They are not the result of a population increase nor longer formation period, but are the result of a subsistence shift to 1 2 a one depending heavily on large mammal hunting. The scarcity of UZQUIANO Paloma , YRAVEDRA J. , marine animals or smaller mammals and the drastic decline of shell RUIZ ZAPATA B.3, GIL GARCIA M.J.3, SESE C.4, middens in this period also support this assumption. 1 5 S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral JORDA J. & BAENA J. 1, Dept. Prehistory. U.N.E.D. Senda del Rey, 28040 Madrid, SPAIN. [email protected] 2, Dept. Prehistory. U.C.M. 28040 Madrid, SPAIN UNWIN Joan 3, Dept. Geology. U.A.H., Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, SPAIN 4, Laboratory of Palaeontology. Museo de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, SPAIN The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire, The Cutlers’ Hall, Church Street, Sheffield, S1 1HG, UK, 5, Dept. Prehistory. U.A.M. Madrid, SPAIN [email protected], and Honorary Research Fellow, University of Sheffield, [email protected] Experiences with bones at El Esquilleu Cave (Cantabria, The versatility of bone, ivory and horn – their uses in the Northern Spain): Domestic management, hu- Sheffield cutlery industry man behaviour and environmental trends between 53- 30 kyrs The Sheffield cutlery industry is at least 700 years old. Historical des- criptions of the trade have generally focussed on the craft organisa- El Esquilleu cave opens in the calcareous south-eastern slopes of tion by the Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire and the manufacture the La Hermida Gorge (Cantabria, Northern Spain) at 350 m asl. The of steel for the blades. Examples of knives and razors from the 17th cave has yielded 35 stratigraphic levels whose chronology (>53 and century onwards survive in museums and private collections and 30 Kyrs. BP) and lithic assemblages made this site a reference for the are often displayed as examples of artistic craftsmanship, usually study of the Cantabrian Mousterian and the last Neanderthals. because of the material and design of the handles. Such items are The use of bone as fuel in this site is supposed taking into account attractive and form pleasing displays, but the trade in the handle the great number of calcinated and carbonized bones, which ap- materials and methods of manufacture have often been ignored. peared in domestic hearths excavated in levels XXI and XXIII. The cutlery handles derived from animals range from the costly Experiments with bones have been made in view to test its fuel and exotic materials such as ivory and tortoiseshell, while the more qualities. Results of these experiences have demonstrated the via- mundane and lower quality knives had bone or antler for handles. bility of bone as a complementary fuel besides wood. The handles were made from available locally sourced bone and An ensemble of palaeoecological results obtained in this cave is

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 237 also presented here in order to discuses, if environmental trends at extending the application of the Alicona 3D Infinite focus which could have influenced the use of bone as fuel in response of the provides an accurate 3D reconstruction of marks on which a variety possible scarcity of fuelwood biomass in the catchment area of the of morphological and morphometric variables can be computed. site. My work is divided between experimental work (we will conduct Charcoal analyses obtained at El Esquilleu show open environments delayed butchering experiments with the Bushmen First), to cre- vegetation with Pinus sylvestris dominant. Continuous appearance ate a comparative sample of fresh and delayed cut marks (and then of Pinus throughout the stratigraphic sequence and the presence analyze of this cut marks, using different techniques: binocular mi- of other wood species, make it difficult to think of such fuelwood croscope, profilometre, interpherometer and Alicona 3D) and com- biomass scarcity in the surroundings of this cave. parison between experimental data and archaeological sample In conclusion the appearance of burnt bones in prehistoric domes- (faunal remains from Sibudu, and Rose cottage cave). tic hearths as those evidenced at El Esquilleu could be related more S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster to ways of life and behaviour of cantabrian Neanderthal groups. S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World VALADEZ AZÚA Raúl1, BLANCO Alicia2 & during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster RODRÍGUEZ Bernardo3 Vacca Beatrice 1. Laboratorio de Paleozoología, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, [email protected] Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West street, S1 4ET 2. Sección de Biología, Dirección de Salvamento Arqueológico del INAH, Puente de Tecamachalco Sheffield, UK. [email protected] 17, Naucalpan de Juárez,, Edo. de México 39300. [email protected] 3. Laboratorio de Paleozoología, Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas de la Universidad The hunting of large mammals in the Upper Palaeolithic Nacional Autónoma de México. [email protected] of southern Italy: A diachronic case study from Grotta del Archaeozoological remains of dogs-wolves hybrids in Romito prehispanic mexico and associated implications with the The results of the study of mammalian remains from the Upper wolf and man relationship Pleistocene levels of the cave site of Grotta del Romito in Calabria The hybridism between the gray wolf (Canis lupus) and the dog (southern Italy) are presented. The animal bones have been recor- (Canis familiaris) has been a frequent phenomenon since this last ded following a method based on diagnostic zones, commonly one appear 15,000 years ago, a huge genetic similarity inevitable used for late prehistoric or historic bone assemblages, but more consequence between these two species. The first documented rarely applied to Palaeolithic faunal material. The counting and case for prehispanic Mexico was registered in 1999 and since then quantification methods used are presented, with reference to pre- more than 40 samples have been identified. The knowledge these vious applications known from the literature. The study is mainly fo- civilizations had about the wolf makes us assume that the hybrid cussed on the comparison of the results obtained from Gravettian creation was intentional, using female dog’s heat to create litters (c.29.000-20.000 BP) and Epigravettian (c.20.000-10.000 BP) levels. with samples that had the symbolic father strength in its blood in This will be used to assess similarities and differences in the rela- tionship between animals and hunter-gatherer human communi- a manageable body. The registered samples exist chronologically ties in the Upper Palaeolithic of the area. The zooarchaeological re- since beginning of our era and until XVI century, they are limited to sults are interpreted in the context of human subsistence, economy the center of Mexico and the contexts in which these samples are and society in these two Upper Palaeolithic cultural phases, and on associated show us that they were use by elite people as offering the basis of a detailed taphonomic analysis. Preliminary results on animals or hierarchical associated with the Death World, war and the frequency of species highlight some interesting trends, such as agriculture, being this last option a logical consequence for being a a substancial increase in the frequency of Wild boar in the later Epi- double identity animal, in which one, the wolf one, was related with gravettian levels in comparison with the dominance of Ibex, Cha- military, and the dog one, with rain and fertility. S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster mois and Red Deer in the earlier Gravettian levels. This difference is likely to be due to climatic and environmental change, which affec- ted the subsistence strategies of these human communities. VALENSI Patricia S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Grand Château - 28 avenue Valrose - BP 2135 - 06103 Nice during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, poster Cedex 2, FRANCE. [email protected]

VAL Aurore1, BACKWELL Lucinda1 & Le Roc-aux-Sorciers (Vienne, France): Étude archéozoo- D’ERRICO Francesco2 logique d’une faune magdalénienne dans un abri sous- 1Bernard Price Institute for Paleontological Research, Wits 2050, South Africa, auroreval696@ roche orné gmail.com, [email protected] 2 PACEA, UMR 5199, Avenue des Facultés, Talence, France, [email protected] Le gisement du Roc-aux-Sorciers, situé dans le Centre-Ouest de la France, est aujourd’hui bien connu grâce à l’étude de sa frise sculp- Hunting or Scavenging? Assessing subsistence strate- tée sur la paroi rocheuse, datée du Magdalénien moyen (Pinçon, gies in the Middle Stone Age through 3D analysis of cut- 2009). Devant la frise, les fouilles de Suzanne de Saint-Mathurin marks dans les années 50-60 ont mis en évidence des occupations du Ma- gdalénien moyen contemporaines des œuvres pariétales, surmon- To date, the question remains open as to whether scavenging or tées par des niveaux du Magdalénien supérieur. hunting represented the main subsistence strategy used by early L’étude porte sur les grands mammifères issus de ces anciennes hominines, and when the shift towards hunting occurred. I propose fouilles. Le cortège faunique, riche de 20 espèces, se caractérise par to address this issue by analyzing experimental and archeological la présence de deux espèces dominantes: renne et cheval, suivies cut and percussion marks with a new analytical tool that allows for de deux espèces dites secondaires en termes d’abondance : l’anti- a precise 3D reconstruction and quantitative analysis of these bone lope saïga et le bison. On peut déjà souligner que d’après l’âge des surface modifications. No firm criteria have been proposed so far to chevaux, les magdaléniens ont occupé le site à différentes saisons establish the degree of freshness of the bone on which cut-marks et selon des durées plus ou moins longues, selon les niveaux. Les and percussion marks were inflicted. The identification of these restes de chevaux et rennes indiquent une exploitation maximale criteria for fresh and delayed cut-marks, and their systematic ap- des carcasses dans un but alimentaire et non alimentaire. plication to the fossil record may allow one to establish if carcasses Ce gisement qui présente la particularité d’être un des rares abris- had already undergone some alteration at the moment in which sous-roche ornés magdaléniens où sont associés art pariétal et hominids produced cut or percussion marks on bone. I will attempt vestiges d’occupation (Pinçon, 2009) permet ainsi de mettre en évi-

238 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 dence les relations entre les faunes chassées et celles représentées graphic pressure. A similar change is noted on the eastern side of dans l’art pariétal. D’autre part, les espèces animales représentées the Iberian Peninsula. dans l’art mobilier ou la parure (C. Vercoutère in Pinçon, 2009) peu- S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: vent expliquer la présence de quelques restes, tels ceux de Mam- archaeozoological evidence, oral mouth ou de renard. S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World VALERA António1 & COSTA Cláudia2 during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral 1. Coordinator of the Archaeological Research Group (NIA) - ERA Arqueologia S.A. [email protected] VALENSI Patricia1 & JOURDAN Lucien2 2. University of Algarve. [email protected] 1. UMR 7194 CNRS, Laboratoire départemental de préhistoire du Lazaret 33 bis Boulevard Franck Pilatte, 06300 Nice, France, [email protected] Animal paws in funerary contexts in southern Portugal 2. UMR 7194 CNRS, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 1 Rue René Panhard, 75013 Paris and the segmentation problem

Utilisation de la matière dure animale -os, bois de cervi- During the last decade of research in funerary contexts dated from dés et dents de sanglier- dans deux sites acheuléens du the end of the 4th to the beginnings of the 2nd millennium BC in Sud de la France Southern Portugal, the association of animal and human remains has known a significant increase of data. Nevertheless, interpreta- L’étude archéozoologique conduite sur les faunes de deux sites ma- tion of that archaeological reality still remains predominately in the jeurs du Paléolithique inférieur : Terra Amata et Le Lazaret, situés context of functionalistic and materialistic approaches. à Nice a permis de mettre en évidence l’utilisation de différentes Stressing the need for theoretical reorientation, this paper pre- matières dures animales. sents and debates a particular phenomenology of human/animal Dans le gisement de plein air de Terra Amata, daté d’environ association that is emerging in different funerary contexts, from 400 000 ans (MIS 11), plusieurs canines inférieures de sanglier ont hypogeum to and pits: the intentional deposition of ani- été utilisées. L’étude de la représentation des éléments anatomi- mal paws or paw’s unarticulated bones in association to human ques montre une sur-représentation de ces canines par rapport aux remains. autres éléments du squelette. La récupération de ces dents par les The available data reveals a variability of associations of humans Acheuléens s’est effectuée essentiellement sur des mâles âgés, vu with limbs of dogs, ovicaprids, suids and foxes, and the analysis of leur forte taille. La collection comprend quatre canines complètes the assemblages reveals a preponderance of distal parts. et des fragments dentaires. Les dents ont été extraites des man- These funerary practices will be discussed in the context of the on- dibules par des coups de percussion au-dessus de leur cavité pul- tological and cosmological world views of societies where human/ paire. Elles présentent une facette d’usure, non naturelle, couvrant non human separation is still a fluid border and where fragmenta- les deux tiers de l’arête tranchante (face linguale). L’utilisation de tion plays an important role in the maintenance of social and cos- canines de sanglier est bien connue dès le Néolithique mais c’est la mological order. première fois qu’elle est observée dans des sites aussi ancien. In that interpretative background, we will address the body seg- mentation problem and the possible meanings of limbs, arguing in Le deuxième gisement est celui de la , dont les favor of proximity between human and animal body manipulation dépôts sont datés du MIS 6. Nous présentons ici une collection in funerary contexts of Recent Prehistory of Southwest Iberia. d’objets utilisés en matières dures animales relativement diversi- S7-2, The animal in funerary space, poster fiée : retouchoirs, pilons et grattoirs sur métapodes de cerfs, os polis divers, mais également de nombreux déchets d’utilisation en bois VALLIÈRES Claudine de cervidés (cerfs et mégacéros) mis en évidence dans les derniers McGill University, Department of Anthropology, Room 718, Leacock Building, 855 Sherbrooke niveaux fouillés. Street West, Montreal, Canada H3A 2T7, [email protected] S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster Zooarchaeology of food and cuisine in non-historical ur- VALENZUELA-LAMAS Silvia1 & DETRY Cleia1 ban contexts: a case study from Tiwanaku, Bolivia 2 & DAVIS Simon J.M. Though there is an ever increasing interest in exploring anthropo- 1UNIARQ- IGESPAR, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade 1600-214, Lisboa, logical research questions with archaeological faunal material, such Portugal, [email protected] 1UNIARQ- IGESPAR, Universidade de Lisboa, Alameda da Universidade 1600-214, Lisboa, analyses can be challenging in non-historical, complex sites such Portugal, [email protected] as urban centers. This paper presents the results of an intra-site 2IGESPAR, Av. da India 136, 1300-300, Lisboa, Portugal, [email protected] analysis of garbage pits from two residential areas in one neigh- bourhood of the pre-Inka urban center of Tiwanaku, Bolivia, aimed Lusitania, the finis-terrae of the roman empire – absence at investigating daily life in non-elite sectors of the city. This inves- of evidence for roman improvement of livestock tigation of daily life borrows theoretical concepts from the anthro- pology of food arena. More precisely, faunal remains from these As part of a long-term osteometric survey of domestic sheep and garbage pits were interpreted through the lens of cuisine, that is, cattle in southern Portugal, we find no evidence for any size chan- the analysis focuses on the procurement, preparation, serving and ge of these animals across the Iron Age – Roman boundary. If we consumption, and discard of food. Challenges to the identification assume that a size increase in a lineage of domesticated animals of cuisine through faunal remains at Tiwanaku involve the very low signifies their improvement then we can suggest that the Romans species diversity which relegates issues of species representation did little to improve sheep and cattle here. In order to observe a size to a presence/absence mention, and the high levels of fragmen- increase in sheep we have to await the arrival of the Moslems and tation. Furthermore, the nature of urban refuse disposal patterns for cattle the subsequent re-conquest by the Christians. complicates interpretations; it can be challenging to assess if pits This absence of a size increase of livestock in Roman Portugal represent long-term, low intensity usage, or short-term, large-scale contrasts with the evidence from central and northern Europe and consumption events. Nonetheless, this zooarchaeological analysis corroborates Audoin-Rouzeau’s (1995) suggestion that the further framed by the multiple aspects of cuisine allows for an understan- away one goes from the centre of the Roman Empire the less can ding of Tiwanaku daily life which had, until then, been overlooked one detect any effect of Romanisation. in favour of questions on the economy of the city and its hinter- Faunal frequency data vary depending on the site, but the general land. tendency indicates a decrease of sheep and goats and increase of S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: pigs between the 8th and 1st centuries BC that may reflect demo- bringing methodology to bear on social questions, oral

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 239 VAN ASPEREN Eline N. identification of a species specific single collagen-peptides. The ad- vantage of this technique is that it can be applied to any bone ele- PALAEO/MEEG, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, envanasperen@ palaeo.eu ments, such as those needed for ageing or sexing (e.g. mandibles). In this paper, we explore a non-destructive revision of this method, Ecomorphology and migratory behaviour of Late Middle applied to two case studies involving blind tests on caprine bone Pleistocene horses in northwest Europe samples from sites in Sudan, Spain and Northern Germany, to fur- ther explore the success of mass spectrometry to separate sheep During the late Middle Pleistocene, the caballoid horse lineage was from goat bone finds, and identify ambiguous samples. characterised by changes in size and morphology. Analysis of horse S3-3. The development and specialisation of dairying practices, poster remains from the British Isles, where a robust and generally accep- ted biostratigraphic scheme is in place, shows that significant diffe- VANEECKHOUT , JUNNO Juho-Antti, rences in skeletal morphology occurred between oxygen isotope stages. Glacial and interglacial specimens can be distinguished re- ÄIKÄS Tiina & PUPUTTI Anna-Kaisa latively easily based on ecomorphological adaptations. Oulu University, Linnanmaa, Huurrekuja 1 M 1, 90630 Oulu, 90014, Oulu, FINLAND, samuel. These trends in British horse remains can be compared with data on [email protected] horse fossils from late Middle Pleistocene archaeological and pa- The meaning of archaeological refuse fauna for Finnish laeontological sites from northwest continental Europe. Significant morphological variation in horse skeletal morphology occurred prehistoric hunter-gatherers: results of a bone combus- during the late Middle Pleistocene of continental Europe. Differen- tion experiment ces between horse remains from the British Isles and continental The study of Stone Age Economy in Finland is almost solely based Europe raise questions regarding ecomorphology, migration and on refuse fauna from settlement sites. Based on this meagre evi- isolation of populations. dence, prehistoric hunter-gatherers concentrated on seal hunting. Morphological variation thus provides an avenue to investigate the We conducted a bone combustion experiment to see how burning impact of climatic change on morphology and behaviour. It ena- of different types of bone influenced their survival in the archaeolo- bles an assessment of the influence of migration and the effects gical record. The experiment was carried out also to see if bone can and timing of insularity and geographic isolation on the changea- be used as fuel in hearths. Parallel with the experiment we also did ble environment of hominins during the European late Middle bone mineral density analysis. The combination of these methods Pleistocene. showed that seal bone preserves better than other types of bone. S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, poster Differential preservation characteristics thus bias the study of Sto- ne Age economies. VAN DIJK Joyce S2-7. Circumpolar archaeozoology: Arctic hunter-gatherers in context, oral Archeoplan Eco, Kootker Lisette, Rijkelijkhuizen Marloes, Oude Delft 224, 2611 HJ, Delft , The Netherlands, [email protected] VANN Stephanie1 & GRIMM Jessica2 The first long horned bovine in Holland 1, Freelance Consultant, 21 Falmouth Drive, Wigston, Leicester, LE18 2HH, UK, vann_stephanie@ hotmail.com 2, Wessex Archaeology, Portway House, Old Sarum Park, Salisbury, SP4 6EB, UK, j.grimm@ At an excavation site in Rotterdam (The Netherlands) amidst a small wessexarch.co.uk number of bovine horncores dating from the start of the 17th cen- tury, a horncore with a length of more than 50 cm was found. Up till ‘Improvement’ in post-medieval sheep metapodia from now longhorned cattle is unknown from the Netherlands. Its pre- southern Britain sence in Rotterdam triggers two questions. Where does the animal originate from and what does this find represent? To answer the This paper discusses the ‘improvement’ of sheep (Ovis aries) in question where the animal came from stable isotope analysis pro- southern Britain during the post-medieval period using measu- ved to be useful. To explain the presence of the horncore an answer rements taken on the metacarpals and metatarsals from the late was sought in historical sources and the available literature. 18th-19th centuries AD site of Tumbling Fields, Tiverton, Devon, UK. S5-1, The biochemical study of animals remains: This dataset is a rare and important metric archive from which is integrating isotopic and trace elements analyses to archaeozoology, poster derived information on the conformation (size and shape) of sheep. Comparisons are presented from other medieval and post-medie- VAN DOORN Nienke1, GILLIS Roz2, val sites, which demonstrate that Tumbling Fields is comparable to 3 1 other sites of a similar period. The comparisons presented also re- HOLLUND Hege & COLLINS Matthew veal temporal variation with bones from later sites being taller and 1, BioArCh, University of York, YO10 5YW, Heslington, York, United Kingdom; [email protected] more robust on average than those from earlier sites. 2, MNHN, Dpt Écologie et gestion de la biodiversité, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France; gillis@ S2-5, Animals, and their bones, in the modern world (AD1750-1950), poster mnhn.fr 3, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085 M-136, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; [email protected] VAN NEER Wim1,3, DE CUPERE Bea1, Identification of sheep and goat bone remains by a non- DEGRYSE Patrick2, FULLER Benjamin3, destructive method using mass spectrometry MUCHEZ Philippe2, RICHARDS Mike4,5 & Reconstruction of faunal kill-off patterns to infer dairying relies on WAELKENS Marc6 large diagnostic bone assemblages identifiable to species. Argua- 1, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium, bly, the most difficult to distinguish by means of morphological [email protected], [email protected] 2, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Geology, Celestijnenlaan 200 E, B-3001 criteria, are sheep and goat. Despite similarities in morphology, Heverlee, Belgium, [email protected], [email protected] husbanding practices for these two ruminants tend to be very dif- 3, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity and Systematics, Ch. ferent and it is therefore that treating the remains as ‘ovicaprine’ Debériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, [email protected] 4, Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, obscures important differences. Many attempts on distinguishing Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany sheep and goat on a macroscopical level have been successful in 5, Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada, [email protected] varying degrees, but are intrinsically bound to the survival of re- 6, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Sagalassos Project, Blijde Inkomststraat 21, B-3000 Leuven, cognisable morphological features used in these identification cri- Belgium, [email protected] teria. Frustratingly, such criteria may be different to those needed to provide age and sex information. Recently, Buckley et al. (2009, Herding practices inferred from multiple isotopic and JAS) have shown that it is possible to distinguish between sheep heavy metal analyses of faunal remains from a classical and goat using samples from an archaeological site in Turkey by the site in Turkey

240 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 In an attempt to document past herding practices and the diachro- scarce, evidences of this trade are documented from the first years nic changes in the relationship between the town of Sagalassos and after the discovery of America. Artistic productions found in no- its countryside, a series of analytical methods have been applied on ble and rich residences of that period testify about the species of the faunal remains. The heavy metal content (lead and copper) of New World monkeys which reached Europe, dead or alive. Our data goat, cattle and pig bones varies through time showing that in Ear- shows that the first American reaching Europe belonged ly Roman and Early Byzantine times the animals were kept near or to the genus Cebus and Callithrix among the more resistant and in the town, in areas with relatively high pollution levels. The lower adaptable. The physical description of these monkeys and the fide- pollutant levels seen in the intermediate, Late Roman period are lity of their representation is sometime so accurate that the artists believed to reflect the fact that domestic animals were also obtai- may even have used live specimens as model. Among the identi- ned from more distant, less polluted areas of the territory at a time fied species we can observe that the majority of them came from that the town was most flourishing. Stable isotope analyses (C and the Atlantic Coast of Brazil where an intense trade of native goods N) carried out on cattle, sheep, goat and pig bone show a shift in had start very early. the values for sheep suggesting that they were herded together S1-2. Animals, plants and new worlds: from exotic trading to biological with cattle in Roman times, but that they were herded together invasions, a bioarchaeological approach, oral with the goats during the Early Byzantine period. The provenance and life history of the domestic animals is also studied through Sr Veracini Cecilia1 & Masseti Marco2 isotopes. The present-day spatial variation in bio-available Sr has 1, Dipartimento di Filosofia, Via Paoli 15, 56126 Pisa, Italy, [email protected]. been established using molluscs sampled throughout the territory 2, Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Leo Pardi, Via del Proconsolo 12, 50100 Firenze, Italy, and shows that there is a clear regional diversity. Tests on ovicapri- [email protected]; ne teeth show that the Sr-values allow determining the provenance The Pyri Re’ is map and its zoomorphic representations of the animals and also documenting movements throughout their lives. Descriptions of Neotropical mammals are found from the early dis- S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: integrating isotopic and covery of America. Many travellers of the XVIth century reported trace elements analyses to archaeozoology, oral about species living in such different world that were the New In- dias. Some of them – monkeys, ungulates, carnivores, birds, snakes, VAN NIEKERK Karen and fish - have been portrayed in an Ottoman map of 1513 made by University of Cape Town. 167 Buitenkant Street, 8001, Cape Town, South Africa. karen@ the admiral Piri Re’is (1470–1554), a Turkish navigator who possibly blomboscave.co.za drawn it from a chart by Cristoforo Colombo. In the Piri Re’is map Fish remains from two later stone age sites the mammals of the New World have been illustrated but not des- cribed in the text. Two African species – an ostrich and an elephant in South Africa - are also represented in the map. The traditional and mythical I will report on the findings of my analysis of marine fish remains sources of these representations will be discussed. from two Holocene assemblages, Blombos Cave (2000 – 300 B.P.) S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster and Hoffman’s/Robberg Cave (3000 – 2000 B.P.) on the southern Cape coast of South Africa. The inhabitants of Hoffman’s/Robberg VERNESI Cristiano.1, GIRARDI Matteo1, Cave lived almost exclusively on fish and shellfish, whereas the diet CRESTANELLO Barbara1 & MASSETI Marco2 of the Blombos Cave dwellers was more diverse and included more 1, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach. Viote del Bondone, 38100 terrestrial species. Trento, Italia. E-mail: [email protected] All the species identified still occur in the area today. The species 2, Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica ‘Leo Pardi’ dell’Università di Firenze. Laboratori present at both sites suggests that these Later Stone Age people di Antropologia. Via del Proconsolo, 12 50122 FIRENZE e-mail: [email protected] were adept at catching fish, although neither site contains any ar- Genetic and biogeographic patterns of the medieval and tefacts that could be interpreted as fishing gear. Stone walled tidal fish traps occur in the vicinity of both sites, but the age of these modern populations of Dama dama (L., 1758) in the Me- structures has not been confirmed. Some of the species present diterranean region could certainly have been caught in such traps, whereas others, Continental Anatolia is today considered as the only geographical ran- particularly the larger specimens, would most likely have been ge where the European fallow deer, Dama dama (L., 1758), has persisted caught with some kind of hook and line technology. The species as a native form, although its census size is dramatically decreasing. This compositions suggest that a range of methods were employed to Turkish stock is also regarded as the main source for all the fallow deer acquire the fish. exported by humans since Neolithic times. The aim of the present pa- Taphonomic issues regarding differential preservation of elements per is to investigate the extant genetic and biogeographic patterns of both inter and intra-site will also be discussed, and the Holocene the fallow deer dispersed in the insular and continental Mediterranean assemblages will be compared briefly with fish remains from two region, comparing them with the results obtained by ancient DNA ana- Middle Stone Age assemblages, Blombos Cave (70 – 130 kya) and lyses of the medieval population of Sardinia. Our research shows that Klasies River (50 – 120 kya), in terms of skeletal element representa- the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach provides the opportunity tion and method of capture. to advance some new hypotheses regarding the origin of the fallow S1-1, Archaeozoology of Holocene Africa, oral deer populations which may prove particularly important in terms of the conservation and management of the anthropochorous Mediter- VERACINI Cecilia1 & MASSETI Marco2 ranean fauna. 1, Dipartimento di Filosofia, Via Paoli 15, 56126 Pisa [email protected]. S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral 2,Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica ‘Leo Pardi’ dell’Università di Firenze. Laboratori di Antropologia. Via del Proconsolo, 12 50122 FIRENZE, [email protected] VERNESI Cristiano1, MASSETI Marco2, The diffusion of Neotropical primates in 16th century Eu- GIRARDI Matteo2 & CRESTANELLO Barbara rope 1, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach. Viote del Bondone, 38100 Trento, Italia, [email protected] The discovery of America opened new commercial routes and of- 2, Department of Evolutionistic Biology and Genetics of the University of Florence, Laboratories of Anthropology. Via del Proconsolo, 12 50122 Florence, Italy, [email protected] fered to European courts an unique opportunity to acquire new 3, Department of Evolutionistic Biology and Genetics of the University of Florence, Laboratories and strange animals. Neotropical animals started to be imported of Anthropology. Via del Proconsolo, 12 50122 Florence, Italy from the early time after discovery together with goods and some- time native people. The rarity of these animals and the difficulty to Genetic analysis of the extinct red deer of Lampedusa, obtain them from abroad became a symbol of power. Although Cervus elaphus L., 1758

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 241 During the nineteenth century, scientific literature and official re- expect these species to be absent at shielings, as the sweepstake ports recorded the occurrence of a population of red deer Cervus of their introduction and the seasonal hiatus in occupation would elaphus L., 1758, on the island of Lampedusa (Pelagian archipelago, preclude their successful colonisation. Italy). Osteological specimens collected towards the end of the This paper presents new evidence from sub-fossil insect assembla- century confirmed these references. Since cervids are not found ges which indicate that some of these species are present at shie- among the fossil fauna of the island, the red deer must have been lings in Iceland. The implications of this for discerning the materials introduced by man although we do not yet known precisely when imported to shielings, the seasonality of their occupation, the sy- and from where. 19th century authors referred the Lampedusa po- nanthropy of these species, and their usefulness in the identifica- pulation either to the Sardinian deer, C. e. corsicanus (Erxleben, tion of seasonal activity in the North Atlantic is discussed. 1777), and the Barbary stag, C. e. barbarus Bennett, 1833. This pa- S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, oral per investigate the genetic evidence of this extinct insular popula- tion, discussing its probable origin and its taxonomic relations with 1 2 other Mediterranean red deer populations. VIGNE Jean-Denis , DOBNEY Keith , BOUBY 3 4 5 S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster Laurent , LARSON Greger , PETERS Joris , SAÑA SEGUI Maria6, SCHIBLER Jörg7, VAN VICKERS Kim1 & ALBARELLA Umberto2 NEER Wim8 & VILA Emmanuelle9 1, 7 Bankfield Rd, Sheffield, S6 4RD, [email protected] 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : 2, Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, NorthGate House, West Street, Sheffield, sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. S1 4ET. [email protected] 2, Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, St. Mary’s, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen AB24 3UF, Scotland 3, Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d’Ecologie, UMR 5059 CNRS/UM2/EPHE, Institut de Botanique “What did the Romans ever do for us?” Culture contact, re- (Université Montpellier 2), 163 rue Auguste Broussonet, 34090 Montpellier, France sistance and change in animal husbandry at the British 4, Durham University, Department of Archaeology, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK 5, Institut für Paläoanatomie und Geschichte der Tiermedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Iron Age – Roman transition Munich, Kaulbachstraße 37, 80539 Munich, Germany 6, Laboratori d’Arquezoologia, Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Medicina, edifici M. 08193 Bellaterra The Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43 had widespread effects on 7, Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 the material culture and lifeways of the local population. The intro- Basel, Switzerland duction of new practices and people led to large scale change in 8, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Comparative Anatomy and Biodiversity, Ch. de Bériotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium society and economy as seen through developments in various ac- 9, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, 5/7, rue Raulin 69365 Lyon, France tivities, including farming. Farmyard animals were an intrinsic part of everyday life in pre-industrial society, and the changes observed BIOARCH: Networking archaeozoology and archaeobo- in animal husbandry and consumption following the Roman inva- tany in Western Europe sion have the potential to contribute to the wider ongoing debate over the scale of culture contact, change and indigenous resistance For two years, eight and now nine labs of bioarchaeology in Wes- in Roman Britain. This paper will review the evidence for changes tern Europe have created a network, granted by the CNRS for the in animal husbandry, consumption and in the animals themselves three French labs (Lyon, Montpellier, Paris), and by the other labs across the Iron Age/Roman transition in this region. Clear changes universities (Aberdeen, Barcelona, Basel, Brussels, Durham, Mu- following the Roman invasion, such as increase in cattle size, can nich). This makes, altogether, more than 100 scientists. This paper be detected, but these are not homogenous and vary according will present the different activities of the network (mainly granting to factors such as site type, geographical region, and even animal short stays and workshops) and the perspective for next years. species. The timing and spatial scale of these changes is complex. S2-6, Influencing, supporting and maintaining our profession: There is some evidence of both east-west and south-north patterns past, present and future, poster in the intensity of husbandry innovation, but it is also clear that hus- bandry changes occurred at different times in the Roman period VIGNE Jean-Denis1, BAILON Salvador1,2, and not just immediately after the conquest. This paper attempts to 3 1,4 draw together the evidence for some of these dynamic responses CROFT Paul , CUCCHI Thomas , and to interpret them in the light of the wider theories surrounding DAUJAT Julie1,4 & ZAZZO Antoine1 culture change during this key period of transition. 1, UMR 7209/USM 303, CNRS/MNHN, INEE/Dpt EGB, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: sociétés, pratiques, environnement, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. archaeozoological evidence, oral 2, CNRS, UMR 7194, Histoire naturelle de l’Homme préhistorique. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Dép. préhistoire, 1 rue René Panhard, F-75013 Paris VICKERS Kim 3, University of Edinburgh, Lemba archaeological mission, Cyprus 4, Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, St Mary’s Building Elphinstone Road, 7 Bankfield Rd, Sheffield, S6 4RD, [email protected] Aberdeen, AB24 3UF

Insect invaders, seasonality and transhumant pastora- Late Glacial and early Holocene introduction of vertebra- lism in the Icelandic Shieling economy te species to Cyprus: New archaeozoological data

The seasonal movement of people and animals to summer shie- The results of the archaeozoological studies from the substantial lings in outfield pastures was a key element of Iceland’s farming Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites of Parekklisha-Shillourokambos and Kis- practice for over a millennium. At these sites, cattle and sheep hus- sonerga-Mylouthkia, dated between 10,400 and 9,000 cal. BP, the bandry, dairying activities, and the harvesting of outfield resources revision of the radiometric dating of animal bones of the pre-Neo- took place. Despite the central role of these seasonal settlements in lithic site Akrotiri-Aetokremnos (12-11th millennia BP), and the the Icelandic economy, evidence for these sites in the landscape is new recent discoveries at Ayia Varvara-Asprokremnos and Ayios ambiguous, and the identification of a site as a shieling, as opposed Tychonas-Klimonas sites (ca. 11,000 cal. BP) will be briefly presen- to a farm has largely relied upon documentary evidence. The Viking ted. These shed new light on the history of amphibians, reptiles and colonists not only brought farming practices and animals with them mammals on Cyprus during the Late Glacial and the Early Holocene from Norway, they also inadvertently introduced a range of insect periods. There is also evidence of numerous human mediated in- species in their fodder, stored food, ballast, and on their animals. troductions of species, either domestic or wild managed animals, Most of these species are unable to live under natural conditions in throughout the 11th-10th millennia BP which provides indirect evi- Iceland, and are dependent on people and their livestock for their dence of intense exchange activity with the mainland. survival. In 1991 Buckland and Sadler suggested that we might S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, oral

242 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 VILA Emmanuelle VINER Sarah1, EVANS Jane2, 3 UMR 5133, Archéorient, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, Lyon ALBARELLA Umberto & PARKER 4 The elephant in Syria: an importation from the Middle PEARSON Mike 1, University of Sheffield, Department of Archaeology, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield, Asia? Some considerations about a finding of elephant [email protected] bones at Mishrife/Qatna in Late Bronze Age Syria 2, NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK, [email protected] 3, University of Sheffield, Department of Archaeology, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield, During the excavations season 2008 of Tell Mishrifé, bones of ele- [email protected] 4, University of Sheffield, Department of Archaeology, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield phant have been found in a Late Bronze Age context. Discovery of [email protected]. elephant bones is not usual in Syria. They belong to infrequently occurring mammal species and their bones seems to appear in Investigating cattle movement in prehistory: strontium contexts dated up to the Middle Bronze Age. The questions arising isotope analysis of teeth from Late Neolithic Durrington are about the species identification and the occurrence of the ele- Walls, Wiltshire, UK. phant in Ancient Syria. One proposition is the import from India. The cultural and technical development of three great oriental sta- Cattle were an important part of the economic and ritual spheres rd nd te-levels societies during the 3 and the beginning 2 Millennium of Neolithic life in Britain, but at present relatively little is known BC, the Harrapian Civilisation in the Indus valley, the Mesopotamian about the role of mobility in the husbandry regimes that charac- Civilisation and the Egyptian Civilisation led to the emergence of terised the time. This is partly due to the difficulty of identifying an intensive, evidenced as maritime, trade in the Gulf, the Arabian the movement of animals from the archaeological record. Stron- Sea and the Red Sea with some sites on the Arabian peninsular re- tium isotope analysis can provide insights into the movement of gion playing an important role as primary trading places. The trade animals and humans in the past. In the case of cattle, tooth enamel 87 86 centred on a variety of luxuries but also on raw materials. The ap- provides Sr/ Sr values that are set during the period of tooth pearance in Mesopotamia and Levant during the 2nd Millennium development and that will reflect the geology of the grazing area. BC of exotic species originated from India, plants such as sesame By comparing these early grazing signatures with values from ar- and animals, such as domesticated fowl and zebu, are also a hint for chaeological sites it can be established whether individuals were relation between Mesopotamia and India-Middle Asia though by of autochthonous or allochthonous origin. This paper will present what route remains unclear. The elephant presence in Syria could the results of Sr isotope analysis of twelve teeth from Late Neolithic be related to the same trade. contexts at Durrington Walls, Wiltshire. The findings suggest that while some animals were raised under conditions similar to those S1-2. Animals, plants and new worlds: from exotic trading to biological found in the local area, the majority could not have been raised invasions, a bioarchaeological approach, poster in the immediate vicinity of the site. A number of possible origins were identified for the allochthonous specimens. These results VILLALUENGA Aritza have implications for the long distance movement of cattle, and for the interaction between people in different parts of the British Isles Universidad Del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Facultad de Letras, Departamento De during the Late Neolithic. Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología. Dirección postal: Calle Tomás y Valiente s/n, Edificio Anejo, S5-1, The biogeochemical study of animal remains: Integrating isotopic and Laboratorio 1.18A. [email protected] trace elements analyses to archaeozoology, oral Labeko Koba (Pays Basque, Espagne), deux types d’occu- Vitezović Selena pants sur un site archéologique du Paléolithique supé- Archaeological Insitute, Kneza Mihaila 35/IV, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia, selenavitezovic@gmail. rieur initial : carnivores et humains com

Le site de Labeko Koba fut fouillé intégralement entre 1987 et 1988, Raw and worked osseous material in the Vinča culture par une équipe dirigée par Alvaro Arrizabalaga. Il s’agit d’une grotte munie d’une vaste stratigraphie, qui s’étend sur quatre mètres de This paper will focus on the analysis of raw and worked osseous ma- profondeur. Elle se divise en neuf niveaux archéologiques attribués terials from several Vinča culture (Late Neolithic and Aeneolithic) à différentes époques culturelles du Paléolithique Supérieur Initial: sites from central Balkans (Divostin, Grivac, Drenovac, Slatina, Stra- Châtelperronien (niveau IX inférieur), Protoaurignacien (niveau VII) gari) – the methods of acquiring of raw materials and managing et Aurignacien ancien (niveau VI à III). Malgré les recherches archéo- of available raw materials for certain types of objects. Varieties in zoologiques effectuées par J. Altuna (Arrizabalaga et Altuna, 2000), presence of red deer and roe deer antlers suggest that they were la réalisation de l’étude taphonomique correspondante reste en- probably not collected and worked on every site, raise possibilities core en suspens aujourd’hui. Dans cette recherche, nous avons pu of an exchange system of raw materials between clustered sites, identifier trois agents biologiques principaux qui ont contribué à and also suggest differences in economic organization on Vinča la création du dépôt et leur action sur l’ensemble paléontologique. culture sites. The preferences for certain skeletal parts for specific En premier lieu, la Crocuta crocuta occupa le niveau IX de la cavité. objects suggest high level of technological skills, but also probable Les caractéristiques et le nombre de restes trouvés indiquent que symbolic values attributed to certain raw materials. S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, oral la grotte a servi de tanière. En deuxième lieu, nous avons pu remar- quer une importante présence d’Ursus spelaeus, particulièrement 1 2 au niveau VII qui contenait 338 restes de l’espèce, ainsi qu’un en- VUKOVIĆ Sonja & BLAŽIĆ Svetlana semble d’industries protoaurignaciennes. Cela nous laisse penser à 1, Institute of archaeology, Viminacium Project, Knez Mihajlova 35, 11000 Beograd, Serbia, [email protected] un usage de la cavité alterné entre humains et carnivores, comme 2, Museum of Vojvodina, Dunavska 35-37, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, muzejvojvodine1@nscable. on a pu le remarquer dans des grottes voisines, telle que Lezetxiki. net En dernier lieu, Labeko Koba fut utilisée de manière intense par des groupes humains aurignaciens du niveau VI au niveau III. Camels from Roman Imperial Sites in Serbia Arrizabalaga, A. & Altuna, J. 2000 Labeko Koba (País Vasco) Hienas Remains of one and two-humped camels have occasionally been y Humanos en los albores del Paleolítico Superior. En, Munibe nº52 found in Roman provincial sites throughout the Empire. This poster (Antropología-Arkeologia). Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi-Zientzia presents for the first time camel remains identified in Roman depo- Elkartea, Donostia-San Sebastián. sits in Serbia. The remains originate from Viminacium, the capital S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, oral of Roman province Moesia and from the 3rd-4th century villa rustica

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 243 in the locality of Vranj, in the province of Pannonia. In Viminacium, WANG Hua1, MARTIN Louise1, WANG Weilin2 th they were found in the 4 century dump, near the Eastern necropo- 2 lis of the city, and in the 3rd century layers, between the walls of the & HU Songmei amphitheatre. In order to conclude whether those bones belonged 1, Institute of Archaeology, UCL, 31-34 Gordon Square, London, WC1H 0PY, UK, tcrnhwa@ucl. ac.uk; [email protected] to C. dromerdarius or C. bactrianus, measurements and morphology 3, Shaanxi Provincial Institute, 3 Leyou Road, Xi-An, 710054, CHINA, wangweilin2000@yahoo. of our specimens were compared with camel bones found at other com.cn; [email protected] provincial sites in the vicinity, and with modern specimens. Unlike the examples from surrounding provinces, majority of our speci- Animal subsistence of the Yangshao Period in the Wei mens belong to the Bactrian camel. The role of those camels was River Valley: a case study from the site of Wayaogou in also discussed: whether they were used in public games (ludi), for Shaanxi Province, China military purposes, or as transportation animals. Focus is on the subsistence economy of the Yangshao period in the S1-3, Old World Camelids, poster Wei River Valley, how it developed through time and how it rela- ted to changing environmental & social configurations. Research is WAKE Thomas A. based on analysis of faunal remains from the Wayaogou site (6500- 6000 BP), Shaanxi province, China. Pig & sika deer remains were The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, A-210 Fowler, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095- 1510 USA, [email protected] studied in detail since they dominate the assemblage. For pig, its domesticated status was documented and husbandry strategies Towards understanding Pre-columbian vertebrate sub- explored; for sika deer, hunting practices were studied. The subsis- tence systems, especially the balance between pig husbandry and sistence economy in Caribbean Coastal Panama sika deer hunting, were addressed. Standard zooarchaeological methods were employed. For pigs, size A recently collected large vertebrate archaeofauna from Sitio Dra- change, culling patterns, body part representation, and archaeolo- go, Bocas del Toro, Panama is analyzed to better understand verte- gical evidence were used to infer domesticated status, husbandry brate subsistence dynamics in a Coastal Caribbean setting. The site regime and use. The study was enhanced by analysis of Linear Ena- is close to reefs, mangroves and open ocean and backs onto dense mel Hypoplasia, which was used at Wayaogou & other Neolithic tropical jungle and swamp forest resulting in an assemblage that sites in the Wei River Valley to explore environmental conditions & is highly diverse and includes both marine and terrestrial species. husbandry practices. For sika deer, the age structure, size change, Olga Linares developed the concept of Garden Hunting as a result body part representation & bone modifications provide informa- her work and Don Grayson and Elizabeth Wing’s analysis of faunal tion on hunting strategies & selection, as well as on other uses of remains from the nearby site of Cerro Brujo, the only other excava- the animal, such as for bone tools. ted site in the region. I compare and contrast Sitio Drago and Cerro A broader picture is gained if we can understand the role of ani- mals in the emergence and development of agriculture in this re- Brujo to examine and interpret their similarities and differences gion. Pig husbandry regimes varied between different periods and between these two sites and reveal a more complete interpretation the balance between herding and hunting also changed through of vertebrate exploitation in Bocas del Toro. time. S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, S1-5, Advances in Neotropical Zooarchaeology, oral Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, poster

WALKER Karen1, MARQUARDT William1, WAPNISH-HESSE Paula DEFRANCE Susan2, NEWSOM Lee3, Penn State University, Jewish Studies Program, 000, xxx, USA . [email protected] 4 4 SURGE Donna & WANG Ting Where are the camels? 1, Florida Museum of Natural History, POB 117800, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, [email protected], [email protected] After decades of collecting animal bones at archeological sites in 2, Department of Anthropology, POB 117305, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, sdef@ Israel there is still a lack of camel bones from Iron II contexts until anthro.ufl.edu 3, Department of Anthropology, 409 Carpenter Bldg, Penn State University, College Park, PA, Roman times. Even at sites situated on important trade routes, near 16802, [email protected] ports or market terminals, there is little to no osteological evidence 4, Department of Geological Sciences, CB #3315, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, [email protected], [email protected] of camels among the tens of thousands of other bones recovered. Only when camels were used for purposes other than transport - animals no longer useful as carriers sold as meat, or camel bone Coastal Southwest Florida’s Archaeological Shell Mid- used as the raw material for various objects - are their bones reco- dens/Mounds as Records of Human Relationships with vered with other animal remains.It has long been an article of faith Climate and Sea-Level Change: A.D. 1 – 1500 that camels were ‘extra-urban’, remaining on the outskirts of cities even when they moved large qua! ntities of commodities. But this The archaeological Pineland Site Complex in subtropical coastal idea has not been explored in depth. In this paper I will consider southwest Florida is located along a low-lying shoreline facing a models of camel pastoralism and organization of caravans, and the broad, inshore, shallow-water bay rich with fish and shellfish resour- implications these have for research strategies more likely to reco- ces. Given this context—one so sensitive to environmental chan- ver camel remains. S1-3, Old World Camelids, oral ge—Pineland represents an opportunity to examine past human relationships with climate and sea-level fluctuations. Results from extensive excavations and subsequent analyses of shell midden/ Watson Adam S. mound deposits dating from A.D. 1 to 1500 indicate that both er- University of Virginia, [email protected] ratic and calm environmental episodes contributed significantly to Pineland’s chronology, settlement, and subsistence patterns. These Spatial Patterning, Use-Wear, and Raw Material Choice of episodes correlate with those known as the Roman Warm Period, Bone Tools at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico (800-1200 CE) Vandal Minimum (Dark Age), Medieval Warm Period, and Little Ice Age, episodes documented in numerous records around the grea- The Ancestral Pueblo Communities of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico ter North Atlantic region (including the Gulf of Mexico). witnessed sweeping social and political changes during the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries CE but the extent to which these de- S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response, and Archaeozoology, poster velopments correlate with shifts in economic organization remains

244 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 unclear. Previous research into the Chacoan economy has predomi- prey throughout the Holocene. Significantly, these are the first pal- nantly focused on ornament production and ceramic and chipped aeogenetic analyses carried out on camelids from the Argentinean stone industries. Despite the existence of more than two thousand Puna. bone tools recovered during the past century of research in Chaco, S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster these artifacts have received little or no attention. This paper pre- sents the preliminary results of an analysis of worked bone artifacts Westaway Michael C. from several Ancestral Pueblo sites in Chaco Canyon in an effort to Department of Archaeology, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100 , SA 5001, Adelaide , AUSTRALIA, clarify the scale and intensity of bone tool production, their use in ([email protected]) the manufacture of basketry, textiles, and hides, and the potential association of these activities with gendered spheres. Based on for- Ngandong and the Pompeii premise: Exploring taphono- mal, metrical, and use-wear analyses, the study explores temporal mic signatures at the Homo erectus site of Ngandong, Java and spatial variation in raw material choice, bone tool types and The site of Ngandong plays a significant role in our understanding of uses. human evolution in Australasia as it would appear to represent the S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster latest assemblage of Homo erectus in the region. Exciting accounts of contemporaneous hominins in Eurasia from localities as diverse 1 2 WEBER Jill A. & MALONE Evan as Siberia and Flores have emerged, and while some have claimed 1, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 2319 Locust Street, an antiquity for the site of Ngandong as late as MIS 2, it would pe- Philadelphia PA 19103 U.S.A., [email protected] rhaps seem premature to add Javanese Homo erectus to this list of 2, NextFab Organization, 2319 Locust Street, Philadelphia PA 19103 U.S.A., evan.malone@ nextfab.org symbiotic hominin species. Others have suggested more cautiously and on grounds of biostratigraphy and more controlled excavation Exporting Virtual Material Culture: cheap and easy a date somewhere around the MIS 5 Interglacial. A recent model methods to preserve and share data based on taphonomic and archival research supplemented by excavation at Ngandong site 1 has produced an elaborate model We are using an equid population of more than 30 well-preserved suggesting that volcanic catastrophism may have played a direct individuals of probable onager x donkey parentage from an elite role in the assemblage accumulation. Excavations and taphonomic burial complex (Umm el-Marra, northern Syria, ca. 2600-2200 BC) to assessment of fauna at site 2 (forming the basis of this presenta- test the utility of 3D laser scanning methods to preserve archaeo- tion) suggests that two distinct assemblages are represented at this logical data in a format easily and cheaply shared between collea- locality, a mere 800 metres further upstream from the more famous gues in widely separated in space and, ultimately, time. site. This result is further supported by the assemblages excavated Our initial goal was to capture complete 3D images of the bones by the late Professor Teuku Jacob in the late 1970s. in order to preserve them and to facilitate analysis by myself and S5-2, S6-3, General session, oral others. The images could be kept as digital data, or converted into 3D models via affordable rapid prototyping processes. In either WHITRIDGE Peter format, these materials could form convenient and inexpensive re- Memorial University of Newfoundland, 255 Prince Phillip Dr., A1C 5S7, St. John’s, CANADA, ference materials for laboratory or field use. [email protected] We are now able to evaluate the accuracy of the scans, digital mo- Nanuk: the archaeology of real and imaginary polar dels and physical reproductions to assess their utility for morpho- metric analysis as proxy for the actual excavated bones. In addition, bears the computer rendering enhances visual perception of morpholo- The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is not merely central to Western gy, bringing the bones’ micro- topographies into closer view and imaginings of the north, but a frequent motif in contemporary Inuit increasing the amount of data recovered from the bones. art and design. Given its size (up to 3 metres and 800 kg), predatory S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: skills, and behavioural versatility, it is not surprising that this has new approaches to communication and collaboration, oral long been the case. The polar bear represents one of the most com- mon figurative elements in the archaeological record of the North 1 2 American Arctic, ranging from ritualistic depictions of skeletonized WEINSTOCK Jacobo , MONDINI Mariana & “flying” bears to decorative motifs on utilitarian hardware (e.g. line REIGADAS M. Carmen3 toggles with bear heads) and simple wooden carvings that seem to have been children’s playthings. While the specific role of bears in 1, School of Humanities, Archaeology, University of Southampton. Avenue Campus, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK. [email protected] arctic belief systems varied widely, they often appear to have been 2, Universidad de Buenos Aires – Museo de Antropología UNC-CONICET. Av. H. Yrigoyen 174, symbolically important. The zooarchaeological record of bears, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina. [email protected] 3, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy – INAPL. 3 de Febrero 1378, (1426) Buenos Aires, Argentina. however, is relatively sparse. Canines were frequently utilized as [email protected] pendants or blade sharpeners, but other elements tend to be un- common compared to those of the seals, walrus and caribou that First palaeogenetic evidence of southern Puna camelids typically dominate arctic assemblages. Some underrepresentation throughout the Holocene is likely a taphonomic effect, due to body size and unpredictable Camelid remains were recovered from archaeological site Que- encounter location, but it probably also reflects real differences in brada Seca 3 (4050 masl), in the Puna of Catamarca, Argentina. the use of bears compared to other large fauna. Economically, po- The specimens span several stratigraphic levels with occupations lar bears were an attractive source of hides and other raw materials, throughout the Holocene. They include bones from small and large but relatively low-ranked as food. Conceptually, however, polar bears appear to have been exceptionally good to think. camelids, which would correspond to vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) and S2-7. Circumpolar archaeozoology: Arctic hunter-gatherers in context, poster guanaco (Lama guanicoe), respectively, the wild camelids inhabit- ing the region. Hair of both has been recovered at Quebrada Seca 3 as well. Unexpectedly, however, hair identical to that of generalist Whittle Alasdair llamas (Lama glama) has also been recovered, even from early lay- School of History and Archaeology, Cardiff University, Humanities building, Colum Drive, ers. This is intriguing, as camelid domestication in this area of the CF10 3EU, Cardiff, UK. [email protected] Andes is thought to have taken place much later. In this study, we Dead or alive? Grand narratives and intimate histories of use aDNA techniques on bone and fiber samples dated ca. 8300 to 4400 BP to investigate the identity of these camelid variants, which (mainly Neolithic) animals is relevant to understanding their ecology and evolution as well as I am not a specialist in the study of animal bones but an enthusiast for the relationship of South American hunter-gatherers to their staple the multiple roles, meanings and dimensions of animals in the past. I

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 245 want to use the welcome opportunity of the invitation to speak to the and canines of aurochs or steppe bison (Bos/Bison) and made of plenary session of ICAZ 2010, to set a number of questions, mainly from the incisors of moose (Alces alces). It may be assumed that they a Neolithic/European perspective (my own field), but with resonance, I are remains of a necklace. A few deciduous human teeth were dis- hope, for other fields. Do we (you!) over-concentrate on consumption covered also. Deciduous teeth were found separately: a left lateral at the expense of production and management? Do we think too much upper incisor, right and left maxillary first molars, a left mandibular about dead animals, rather than live ones? Do notions of economy and first molar and a part of cusp of deciduous molar. Diagnostic fea- various forms of economic rationale over-shadow complementary or tures and the same phase of dentition indicate that the teeth could alternative perspectives related to value and symbolism? How do we have belonged to one individual. From a fragment of one of the combine these? Has the grand narrative been overdone? What kinds of pendants, AMS radiocarbon date of about 27 000 BP was obtained. smaller-scale investigations and more intimate histories (of people and their animals, or, of animals and their people) could we envisage? It allows connecting the assemblage with the late Aurignacian Looking ahead, I want to go on to consider some ways in which we settlement occurring in the territory of Central Europe. According could start to address, if not easily answer, such problems. My starting to recent investigations of Aurignacian personal ornaments, the point will be those complex ethnographies which suggest multiple materials in question may reflect the systematic relationships that roles and values for animals. I will also consider case studies from my existed at ethno-linguistic level between different population clus- own field of research in the Neolithic of central and western Europe. ters. Altogether with above-mentioned sites these materials mark I will touch upon the sixth millennium cal BC on the Great Hungarian an isolated zone embracing territories of Moravia and southern Po- Plain and in the area of the LBK in central Europe, the fifth millennium land. Discoveries of assemblages of this type are extremely rare for in coastal Brittany and Ireland, and the late fifth and fourth millennia in both the Aurigniacian and Upper Palaeolithic sites in general. northern France, Britain and Ireland. S6-1, Raw and Worked Osseous Materials, poster One of the ways ahead must be to combine as many approaches as pos- sible, so I want to consider how for example Bayesian chronological fra- WILKENS Barbara meworks, isotopic analysis and aDNA research could be integrated into context-specific analysis, alongside the suite of other approaches that Department of History, University of Sassari, viale Umberto I n°52, Sassari, Italy, [email protected] ICAZ participants will know far better than a Neolithic archaeologist. Opening Session, in honour of Aneke Clason Small carnivores and their prey in Holocenic Sardinia

1 2 After the extinctions of the last glaciation Sardinia entered the Ho- WICHMAN Victoria , KAHN Jennifer & locene with a low number of mammalian species that fed mainly CARPENTER Alan3 on grass and seeds. Carnivorous mammals were entirely absent from the terrestrial fauna 1, Nā Pali Coast ‘Ohana, P.O. Box 452, Līhu‘e, Hawai‘i, 96766 USA, and International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc., 2081 Young Street, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96826 USA, victoria.wichman@ Activities associated with the arrival of Neolithic humans provided gmail.com a new and rich source of sustenance for the endemic species, and 2, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawai’i 96817-2704 USA, jennifer.kahn@ bishopmuseum.org the need to safeguard agricultural products from the attention of 3, State of Hawai‘i, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of State Parks, P.O.Box the endemic rodents and lagomorphs became essential. Ancient 621, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96809 USA, [email protected] and middle Neolithic sites provide evidence for the introduction Ritual and Household Faunal Resources. Preliminary of carnivores and other medium and small size predators. In the following centuries, up until the modern era, the introduction of Results from Miloli‘i, Nā Pali, Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i new species of carnivores continued, in an attempt to combat the A recent collaborative archaeological project between Bishop Museum, on-going introduction of new rodents and lagomorphs. Hawai‘i State Parks, and cultural stewards Nā Pali Coast ‘Ohana focused S3-2, Island Faunal Translocations, poster on the coastal valley of Miloli‘i in the Hawaiian Islands. Miloli‘i is one of several relatively isolated valleys of the steep leeward coast, or Nā Pali WILLIAMS Matt Gregory Meredith (the cliffs), on the island of Kaua‘i. This resource rich ahupua‘a (tradi- University of York, Archaeology Department, The King’s Manor, York, YO1 7EP, mgmw500@york. tional land-sea district) is remarkably well preserved and hosts abun- ac.uk dant traditional ritual, agricultural, and residential stone architecture, as well as subsurface remains. Recent radiocarbon samples from exca- Fisher-Gatherers of the Red Sea: Results of the Fara- vations on the Miloli‘i beach flat date to the 13th century. The project’s first phase focused on a prominent bluff overlooking the coast at the san Archipelago Shell Sites Project entrance to the valley, where a hale pili, or Native Hawaiian traditional This paper presents the results of the Farasan Archipelago Shell Si- grass house once stood in the 1800s. Initial test excavations, including tes Project (FArSSite) – part of the Southern Red Sea Project. The radiocarbon dating, indicate evidence of ritual and household activity discovery of over 1500 shell sites on the Farasan Archipelago (Red during the early 1800s, considered a period of major cultural change in Sea) represents one of the highest concentrations of such sites in the early Hawaiian post-European era, as well as signs of an earlier occu- pation. Preliminary results from the faunal analysis reveal a richness of the world. These have been extensively mapped and surveyed, al- diversified marine resources, as well as possible pig husbandry. Several lowing a picture of complex landscape change to be reconstructed. identified species suggest traditional high status faunal remains. Two at risk sites were excavated in order to investigate spatial and S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster temporal shell mound evolution. Analysis of the excavated material has revealed a varied pattern of coastal resource exploitation, over 1 2 relatively short time periods. The two shell mounds show marke- WILCZYŃSKI Jarosław , DIAKOWSKI Marcin , dly different composition and structure, indicating that although WOJTAL Piotr1 & SZCZEPANEK Anita3 similar marine habitats were being exploited, different activities 1, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska were taking place resulting in contrasting assemblages. Bayesian 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland, [email protected], [email protected] techniques have been applied to radiocarbon and amino-acid race- 2, Institute of Archaeology, Wrocław University, Szewska 48, 50-139 Wrocław, Poland, [email protected] mization data, in order to calculate the age and accumulation rates 3, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060 Kraków, Poland, anita. at the sites. This showed the sites were not occupied contempora- [email protected] neously – but are very close in date and may overlap. The fisher- gatherers who built these mounds were without pottery, however Osseous artifacts from an Aurignacian child’s burial from the use of boats is implied given the island setting and distance of Borsuka cave (southern Poland) c.40km across open water to the mainland where similar sites have been found. This PhD project has been funded by: The University of The Borsuka Cave is located in the Szklarka river valley, constituting York, The British Academy, and The Supreme Commission for Tou- the southern part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland. The most rism and Antiquities of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. interesting material has been obtained from Layer VI. Within it 61 S3-4 Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record - Shell middens pendants and their fragments were found made of the incisors and shells as a food resource, oral

246 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 WOJTAL Piotr1, WILCZYŃSKI Jarosław1, WORLEY Fay1 & SERJEANTSON Dale2 BOCHEŃSKI Zbigniew1 & SVOBODA Jirí2 1, English Heritage, Fort Cumberland, Fort Cumberland Road, Eastney, Portsmouth, Hampshire, PO4 9LD, UK, [email protected] 1, Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 2. University of Southampton School of Humanities (Archaeology), Southampton, SO23 9SL, 17, 31-016 Kraków, POLAND [email protected], [email protected], UK. [email protected] [email protected] 2, Department of Palaeolithic and Palaeoethnology, Institute of Archaeology, ASCR, 69201 Dolní Věstonice 25, CZECH REPUBLIC The importance of red deer antlers for the creation of [email protected] Neolithic monuments The Gravettian hunters reveal their secrets: Zooarchaeo- Red deer antlers were a crucial raw material in the Neolithic period. They logical studies of bone remains from Pavlov I, the Czech were used to construct Neolithic monuments such as the long barrows, causewayed enclosures, flint mines and which were sited on the Republic chalk and limestone soils of southern Britain. The description of the an- The open-air Gravettian site of Pavlov I, the Czech Republic, is one tler implements often falls between the remit of the zooarchaeologist of the largest and most important Upper Palaeolithic sites in Eu- and the archaeological finds specialist and between the two, important rope. The site is an example of a large and long-term camp, used information can be overlooked. Here we will show how close analysis of repeatedly by hunter-gatherers between 27 and 25 ka BP, i.e. in the the antler implements reveals how it was carefully selected and worked Evolved Pavlovian stage, an equivalent of the final pleniglacial or in a standard fashion, a chaîne opératoire more complex than people usually give credit for. OIS 3. In the case of Silbury Hill, the largest artificial prehistoric mound in Eu- The excavations carried out between 1952 and 1956 yielded huge rope, the antlers from the recent excavations, together with imprints amount of stone artefacts and animal bones. In the southeastern in a block of chalk, provide evidence for how antler tools were used part of the site about 50,000 animal remains were discovered. in the Mound’s construction. The quantity of antlers required and their Zooarchaeological studies of the material show that the main prey procurement also provide insights into Neolithic society. We learn how of the Pavlovian hunters was hare and reindeer. It is noteworthy people and deer interacted, and gain clues to the size of the deer popu- that carnivores (wolves, foxes, wolverines) were also often killed. lation, while the use and final deposition of antler implements informs Signs of human activity left on bones indicate that carnivores were about beliefs and rituals in the Neolithic period. hunted mainly for hides and raw materials for decorated tools, but meat of wolves, foxes and wolverines was also a supplement of hu- S4-4, Cervids and Society - Deer in Time and Space, oral man diet. Although mammals were certainly more important in the subsis- WORLEY Fay tence of the Gravettian people, it is clear that birds played a role in Fort Cumberland, Fort Cumberland Road, Eastney, PO4 9LD, Portsmouth, UK their culture. A few hundred bird bones found at the southeastern [email protected] part of Pavlov I represented at least 19 taxa, of which the most nu- merous are tetraonids and ravens. A unique feature of the site is the Animals in British cremation burials, c.100bc-ad900 relative abundance of ravens whose feathers may have been used for decoration or arrow fletching. Human-modified bones indicate Animals have been burnt as part of crematory rituals in all pre- that birds were used not only for food but also as raw material for modern periods of cremation burial in Britain, as evidenced in tools and decoration. the archaeological record. Of all archaeological deposits, funerary S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World contexts are some of the most likely to have been influenced by during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral ritual behaviour. They therefore pose an interesting challenge for archaeozoology; a discipline more familiar with questions of pa- WOOLLETT James laeoeconomy and ecology. The complex taphonomic histories of crematory deposits pose additional challenges to analysis and in- Département d’histoire, 1030, avenue des Sciences-Humaines, Bureau 5309, Université Laval, Québec (Québec) G1V 0A6, [email protected] terpretation. This paper is based on a study of the use of faunal goods over Mapping a marine hunting economy: defining Labrador a millennium starting from the reintroduction of cremation as a fu- Inuit seal hunting patterns and mobility in the Nain re- nerary tradition in the last centuries BC through to the latest medie- gion through pinniped season and age at death studies val cremation burials of the late ninth century AD (Worley 2008). It will summarise our current knowledge of faunal pyre goods during Winter villages, occupied for weeks or months, were hubs for social this period and the characteristics of assemblages from different and economic activity in the Inuit seasonal round. The locations cultural traditions, before critically evaluating the limitations and selected for these villages typically provide access to concentrated potential of the dataset, including a consideration of how we can resources and stable sea ice. In the region of Nain, (Nunatsiavut, begin to address their meaning. Canada), winter villages dating from the 16th to the 19th century Worley, F. (2008) Taken to the Grave: An archaeozoological approach are widely dispersed and many were occupied for only short pe- assessing the role of animals as crematory offerings in first millen- riods of time, a pattern contrary to that seen elsewhere in Labrador. nium AD Britain. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of Bradford. This paper will attempt to define the extent to which these tran- S7-2, The animal in funerary space, oral sient settlement patterns may have been related to environmental variability during the period (the so-called Little Ice Age). Recent Wright Carrie1, Hedges Robert1, research in the Nain region has concentrated on dating the occu- 1, 2 2 pations of several of these settlements, on describing their envi- Reynard Linda & Henderson Gideon ronmental contexts (terrestrial and sea ice environments) and on 1, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the , University of Oxford, Dyson documenting modes of land use. Faunal assemblages from these Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK, [email protected] sites will be compared in order to reconstruct general patterns of 2, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PR, UK winter hunting. Strategies of residential mobility and of seal hun- ting will be reconstructed through age and season of death studies Delta44/42Ca of modern human and animal samples as based on dental and cemental annulations in a collection of over foundation research to address questions of dairying and 150 seal teeth. Coupled with modelling of sea ice distributions, dairy consumption in the archaeological record these data allow the reconstruction of subsistence practices as- sociated with winter settlements and the evaluation of how their The advent of dairy products as a food source during the Neolithic occupation, function and shifting geographical focus pertained to made available a new source of calcium for humans that, in compa- game availability and climatic conditions. rison to other foods, was and remains the greatest natural supplier S2-7. Circumpolar archaeozoology: Arctic hunter-gatherers in context, oral of this key element. In addition to dairy foods providing significant

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 247 quantities of calcium they also have an isotopic behaviour related 10,600 and 3500 years BP. The Early Holocene shows more stable to trophic level change. Calcium isotope ratios become altered as conditions than the Mid-Holocene. Wetlands (the main locus for calcium moves through the ‘food chain’ and in biological systems human occupation) seem to have been widespread during the heavier calcium isotopes are discriminated against resulting in iso- Early Holocene, but in the Mid-Holocene they were less stable and topic fractionation. This especially holds true with incorporation restricted to higher altitudes (above 4000 masl). Occasionally they of calcium isotopes into human and animal milk and bone, so that were associated to permanent river flows or wetlands in lower alti- milk and bone have lower d44/42Ca than the dietary input. As a result tudes. The climatic change to drier conditions took place as of 8400 dairy consuming humans should have a bone d44/42Ca signature BP to 7000 BP. Human response to this new climatic condition was that is distinguishable from non-dairy consuming humans in the a growing use of camelids, which increase from 48% in the regional archaeological record. average to 84% after that date; meanwhile other resources dimi- Experimental research has shown however that it is not that simple nished. In the Early Holocene only 30% of the sites had camelid to determine dairy consumption by humans in the archaeological dominance, but this increase to 80% in the Middle Holocene. Also, record. In an effort to better understand human and animal calcium there is a reduction of the variability between localities, which metabolism, this work focuses on calcium isotopes of modern hu- resulted in more regular patterns. This process is explained as a man and animal samples (diet, hair/wool, milk, and dental tissue) change in the strategies of hunter-gatherers from an opportunistic to look at questions of weaning age and pattern, the difference use of camelids favored by the wetter and stable conditions to a between fauna and humans and to address the difficulties of detec- specialized utilization in restricted places in which these resources ting dairy consuming and non-dairy consuming humans. This work were packed. is a necessary foundation for studying dairying and dairy consump- S3-1, Climate Change, Human Response and Archaeozoology, oral tion in the archaeological record. S3-3, The development and specialisation of dairying practices, poster YANG Dongya & SPELLER Camilla Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, V5A 1S6, Burnaby, CANADA. [email protected] WRIGHT Elizabeth¹ & ALBARELLA Umberto² 1. Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, West Street, Sheffield, S1 4ET, lizzie. Molecular environmental bioarchaeology [email protected] 2. Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, West Street, Sheffield, S1 4ET, u.albarella@ Ancient DNA research has advanced steadily over the past two de- sheffield.ac.uk cades in both its technical efficiencies and its applications. Bioar- A new system for recording tooth wear on pig teeth and chaeology is the discipline that has benefited most from ancient DNA analyses: 1) most biological remains from archaeological sites its application to the Neolithic assemblage of Durrington are within the time depth limits of ancient DNA recovery; 2) many Walls (Wiltshire, UK) archaeological investigations had been hindered by a lack of the precision and accuracy in the identifications of ancient remains; 3) The recording of tooth wear is vital to the exploration of age in many new archaeological questions can be addressed with insights zooarchaeological assemblages; however, most tooth wear sys- from ancient DNA analysis of archaeological human, animal and tems currently only apply to mandibular teeth, meaning that infor- plant remains. Ancient DNA analysis has been successfully applied mation from maxillary teeth and jaws is not being used. For pig, the to numerous archaeological questions in many parts of the world, most commonly used system for mandibular teeth is that of Grant demonstrating that it has passed its “testing” stage, becoming an (1982). Bull and Payne (1982), however, laid out a different system integral part of bioarchaoelogical research. Through case studies, which applied to both the upper and lower teeth. A modified ver- this paper will demonstrate that ancient DNA, once integrated with sion of this system was used to record teeth from the Durrington other lines of archaeological evidence, can provide a much more Walls 1966-67 excavations during the 1990s, but was not ever fully complete picture of the dynamic human-ecological interactions of published. In 2004 the establishment of the Riverside the past. Project meant that new material was available, and the high num- S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, poster ber of maxillary teeth being uncovered clarified the need to use this data. YESHURUN Reuven In this poster a modified and expanded version of the recording system used in the 1990s has been described and used to explore Laboratory of Archaeozoology, Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel, [email protected] the topics of age at death and seasonality at Durrington Walls. The results provide an insight into seasonal killing at the site, as well as Middle Paleolithic Prey-Choice Patterns as Revealed from aspects of differential deposition of cranial elements which would a Natural Pitfall Trap: Rantis Cave, Israel not have been exposed through conventional studies of mandibu- lar tooth wear. The authors therefore encourage the use of the new Rantis Cave, located in west-central Israel, was recently found to system for recording the remainder of the Durrington assemblage contain a faunal assemblage composed of ungulates (primarily Me- and for the recording of other assemblages either to boost mandi- sopotamian fallow deer, Dama mesopotamica) and some carnivo- bular data, or to gain information based on maxillae where mandi- res, along with very meager evidence of human occupation. Tapho- bles are sparse or badly damaged. nomic and geological data indicate that the cave acted as a natural S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster pitfall trap for the ungulates. The assemblage was attributed to the later half of the Middle Paleolithic (MP). Several important cave and YACOBACCIO Hugo D. open-air sites are known from this period in the Southern Levant, CONICET- Instituto de Arqueología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 25 de Mayo 221, C1002ABE all yielding predominantly anthropogenic faunas. Since Rantis Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] Cave reflects the ungulate composition through different, non-an- thropogenic accumulation processes, the animal species selected Climate change and camelid use in the Southern Andes for procurement in the archaeological sites (usually by systematic from Pleistocene/Holocene through Middle Holocene hunting) may be compared to the relative frequency of species at Rantis Cave to elucidate hominin subsistence, in particular the The presentation will examine the relationship between long-term choice of certain animals over others by MP hunters. Thus, Rantis climatic change in the highlands of the Southern Andes, and the Cave may serve as a ‘natural reference’ to the archaeological faunas changing strategies of hunter-gatherers. These strategies involved of the same region and period, being unbiased by hominin preda- a specialization in the use of wild camelids. Several paleonviron- tion. Comparison between Rantis and other MP sites suggests that mental proxies were employed and the archaeofaunal data-base mountain gazelles (Gazella gazella) were preferred over fallow deer involved the analysis of more than 20 sites which dates between during the late Levantine MP – a pattern that seemingly does not

248 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 settle with environmental landscape settings of sites and technolo- YESNER David1, POPOV Alexander2 & gical (hunting gear) explanations. This pattern continues well into 1 the Upper Paleolithic and Epipaleolithic of the region. HOOD Rhea S5-4, Variability in Human Hunting Behavior during OIS 4/3: implications for 1, University of Alaska, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA, [email protected]. modern human origins, poster edu; [email protected] 2, Russian Far East National University, Vladivostok, Primorie, Russia, [email protected]. ru YESHURUN Reuven1, BAR-OZ Guy2 & WEINSTEIN-EVRON Mina3 Early sea mammal hunters of the Russian Far East: 1 , Laboratory of Archaeozoology, Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Mt. evidence from the Early Neolithic Boisman 2 site, Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel, [email protected] Primorie 2 , Laboratory of Archaeozoology, Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel, [email protected] 3 , Zinman Institute of Archaeology, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel, evron@ Excavations at the Boisman 2 Early Neolithic Site on Boisman Bay research.haifa.ac.il near Slavianka, Primorie, in the Russian Far East, over the period from around 1990 to 2005 have provided a large faunal sample for Contextual taphonomic analysis at Natufian el-Wad Ter- reconstructing subsistence patterns for the period from ~6,500 to race: refuse management, activity areas and type of ha- ~5,000 C14 yr BP. These faunal remains were preserved as a result of bitation the deposition of oysters from a nearby shell-bed during brackish water conditions associated with the Jomon Transgression. Fish The Natufians of el-Wad (Mount Carmel, Israel, ca. 15-11.5 ka BP) and shellfish remains indicate the exploitation of a wide variety inhabited a major base-camp known for its richness of finds, nu- of taxa. Bird remains include waterfowl, near-shore seabirds, and merous graves and architectural features, all surrounded and filled open ocean forms, including the short-tailed albatross. Mammal with very large quantities of well-preserved animal remains. In this remains are dominated by terrestrial forms, including a number of study we aim to integrate spatial/contextual, startigraphic and cervid taxa (moose, red deer, sika deer, Japanese deer) and suids. zooarchaeological data from the renewed excavation of the site Sea mammal remains are not in high frequency, but they represent with the results of multivariate taphonomic analysis of the animal the earliest evidence of sea mammal exploitation in the Russian Far bone assemblage. This enables us to gain insights into the faunal East. Harbor seal, largha seal, and Steller sea lion are all represen- discard behavior at the site and the spatial arrangement of tasks ted, along with cetacean remains. The latter probably represent performed, to understand the function of some of the architectu- scavenged, rather than actively hunted, species. The evidence for ral remains, and to discern the spatial organization of this multi- sea mammal hunting correlates with the harpoon data from the phased Natufian hamlet through time. Multiple taphonomic data site, including some of the earliest examples of toggling harpoons relating to the accumulation agents of the animal bones are used from the northern circum-Pacific region. to determine whether the bones are in primary deposition and if so, what their depositional history can tell us about the specific S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, task of their respective features, isolating discrete activity-specific Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral patterns. We present results of this contextual taphonomic analysis, under the approach that it is extremely useful in reconstructing in- YESNER David1, FISHER Daniel2 & tra-site spatial patterns, shedding light on site-formation processes 1 and past human behavior. TEDOR Randy S6-2, Grounding social zooarchaeology: 1, University of Alaska, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA, [email protected]. bringing methodology to bear on social questions, oral edu 2, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA YESNER David1 & EASTON Norm2 Mammoths under Stress: Stable Isotopic Analysis of Mid- 1, University of Alaska, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA, [email protected]. edu Holocene Mammoth Teeth from the Pribilof Islands, Be- 2, Yukon College, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada ring Sea, Alaska

Subsistence and settlement variability in late Pleistoce- Two sets of mid-Holocene mammoth remains have been retrieved ne/early Holocene as reflected in archaeofaunal from St. Paul Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska. Survival of these mam- data moths in the Pribilof Islands may have been a function of habitat quality and absence of human predators until ~250 years ago. One Recent archaeofaunal data from a series of late Pleistocene/Holoce- set of remains, dating to ~6200 C14 yr BP, comprises a portion of ne sites in Beringia (interior Alaska/Yukon Territory) are beginning a tusk deriving from a relatively small adult male, aged 22+ years, to demonstrate variability in subsistence and settlement patterns. dredged from St. Paul Harbor. The other, dating to ~5700 C14 yr An overall west-to-east patterning in faunal indicators of more BP, comprises several molar teeth and fragments obtained from mesic climatic patterns (greater precipitation, warmer winter tem- Qagnax Cave, a lava tube cave in the island’s interior. Both sets of peratures) seems to be suggested, with sites like Broken Mammoth remains reflect individuals perhaps 75% as large as mainland Pleis- in interior Alaska demonstrating large numbers of waterfowl, some tocene mammoths. Analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes aquatic mammals, moose, and wapiti, while sites like Little John from both sets of remains indicates that these individuals may have in the Alaska/Yukon borderlands demonstrate fewer examples of been under nutritional stress, forced to consume less desirable re- these taxa, and larger frequencies of caribou and hare. All sites, sources as island area shrank with rising sea level. Evidence from however, tend to be dominated by bison remains. This is especially the mammoth tusk suggests that they may have been undergoing true after the advent of the Younger Dryas interval, when condi- protein catabolism near the time of death. Based on the stable iso- tions appear to be generally more arid throughout Beringia. These tope values, we suggest that these mammoths may have been ea- trends eventually culminate in the abandonment of this region ting seaweed, which became less available during winter after the after ~8,000 C14 yr BP, with the southward movement of human onset of the Neoglacial period. The Neoglacial probably increased populations, and the beginnings of maritime adaptations occur- regional sea ice and associated populations of polar bears, whose ring shortly thereafter. In general, Beringian sites differ greatly in remains have also been found in Qagnax Cave. If the mammoths diversity of faunal samples, with some sites (Broken Mammoth, Litt- were undergoing nutritional stress, they may have been vulnerable le John) appearing to be long-term occupations, and others (e.g., to increased predation, perhaps leading to their ultimate demise. Gerstle Quarry) appearing to be short-term seasonal camps. S2-7. Circumpolar archaeozoology: Arctic hunter-gatherers in context, oral S4-2, Mammoth extinction: environmental vs. anthropogenic factors, poster

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 249 YRAVEDRA SAINZ DE LOS fieren. Estos datos contribuyen al debate sobre las interpretaciones que pueden hacerse a partir de los estudios con carnívoros. TERREROS José S7-1. New perspectives on taphonomy, poster

Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain. FECYT. Laboratoire Traces CNRS le Mirail, Maison la 1 2 3 Recherche 5, Allées Antonio Machado. F-31058 Toulouse Cedex 9. Toulouse, France. Dir. Postal. YUAN Jing , FLAD Rowan & LUO Yunbing Av. Alberto Alcocer 47. 28016 Madrid Spain. [email protected] 1, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 27 Wangfujing St., 100710, Beijing, CHINA, [email protected] Nuevas contribuciones para la subsistencia de la transi- 2, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA, [email protected] ción del Paleolítico Medio-superior en la Cornisa cantá- 3, Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, 81, Tian’e Cun, Donghu Lu, brica Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430077, China, [email protected]

El análisis de la subsistencia en la transición del Paleolítico Medio- Meat acquisition patterns in the Neolithic of the Yellow Superior de la Cornisa Cantábrica ha estado focalizado desde los River Valley and Yangzi River Valley, China años 80 en los yacimientos de la Cueva del Castillo, Morín, Pendo y Lezetxiki. Las nuevas investigaciones en estos sitios ha puesto We provide an overview of animal exploitation during the Chinese de manifiesto la problemática que entrañan algunos de ellos. Del Neolithic, emphasizing regional differences in meat procurement mismo modo, las nuevas intervenciones realizadas en otros lugares strategies. While the peoples of the Yellow River turned from hun- han contribuido notoriamente a la renovación del estado de co- ting wild animals to the rearing of pigs, dogs, sheep and cattle du- nocimiento que tenemos actualmente sobre el Paleolítico Medio- ring the Neolithic, the peoples of the Yangzi continued to rely on an Superior del cantábrico. Por desgracia las publicaciones sobre la abundant supply of wild animals into their Bronze Age. Their sta- subsistencia del cantábrico en estas cronologías han sido escasas y ples were deer, fish, and birds, and there was a special relationship algo limitadas estos últimos años. Aquí presentamos los datos pre- with fish that extended even to the grave. liminares de varios yacimientos del Paleolítico Medio-Superior de S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, poster Cantabria con el fin de contribuir al conocimiento y debate de las estrategias de subsistencia de los últimos neandertales y primeros humanos modernos. Los datos provienen de la Cueva del Esquilleu ZABILSKA Miroslawa de cronología Musteriense y Los yacimientos con niveles del Paleo- Laboratory for Natural Environment Reconstruction, Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus lítico medio y superior de Honos de la Peña, Cobalejos, El Ruso y Copernicus University, Szosa Bydgoska str. 44/48, PL 87-100 Torun, Poland, mirka.archeo@ wp.pl el Otero. Además mostramos datos de otros lugares y, como todo ello contribuye a un novedoso panorama sobre el problema de la Fish and Fishing in the late Mesolithic site at Dabki – south subsistencia en el norte de la Península Ibérica en esta cronología. Las primeras valoraciones parecen indicar cierta continuidad en la Baltic Sea (Poland) adquisición de recursos cárnicos entre el final del Paleolítico medio The topic of the paper concern the preliminary results of the iden- y los comienzos del superior. tification of ichthyological materials uncovered in the late Mesoli- S5-4. Variability in human hunting behavior during Oxygen Isotope Stages thic site at Dabki, related to the Ertebolle societies and the Funel (OIS) 4/3: implications for understanding modern human origins, poster Beaker Culture. About 100 000 fish bones were discovered during the excavation carried out by the Polish Academy of Sciences and University in Greisfwald in 2004-2007. The archaeoichthyological YRAVEDRA José1, BÁRCENA Felipe2 & LAGOS remains were subjected to a macroscopic analysis. Except of the Laura3 species and anatomical classification of bone elements, detailed analysis of anatomical distribution, size reconstruction and season 1, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain. FECYT. Laboratoire Traces CNRS le Mirail, Maison la Recherche 5, Allées Antonio Machado. F-31058 Toulouse Cedex 9. Toulouse, France. Dir. Postal. of capture were considered. Preliminary research has shown that Av. Alberto Alcocer 47. 28016 Madrid, Spain, [email protected] the material is rich in fish taxa and anatomical elements. In the Po- 2, Laboratorio de Parasitología. Facultad de Farmacia. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, lish context there is the first so number fish material. Therefore, re- Galicia, Spain. [email protected] 3, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, search of the fish remains will allow to document the significance Galicia, Spain,. [email protected] of fish and fishing in the subsistence economy and it will support consideration on environmental changes in the micro region of Da- El lobo como agente tafonómico en el centro de la Dorsal bki between 5100 and 3600 B.C. Gallega (Galicia, España) S7-3, Archaeozoology in Central and Eastern Europe, poster La intervención de carnívoros en yacimientos arqueológicos y ZEDDA Marco, BALZANO Francesca, MURA paleontológicos es un fenómeno frecuente a lo largo de todo el Pleistoceno. Muchas de las acumulaciones fósiles conocidas fueron Arcadia, MURA Emilio, GADAU Sergio, producidas por ellos, lo que ha motivado la realización de diversos LEPORE Gianluca, FARINA Vittorio estudios analógicos con el fin de analizar su impacto sobre los hue- Department of Animal Biology, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy, mzedda@ sos de los animales que procesan. La mayor parte de los análisis ta- uniss.it fonómicos conocidos se han centrado en las hienas, pero también distintos tipos de félidos han sido objeto de trabajos últimamente. Remarks on diachronic biodiversity in Sardinian sheep by El lobo es un carnívoro frecuente en el registro fósil, es un gran de- means of mitochondrial DNA analysis predador y su rango de presas coincide con el documentado en muchos yacimientos arqueológicos europeos. Sin embargo, su As in other Mediterranean islands, domestic species were impor- comportamiento no ha sido objeto de estudios tafonómicos detal- ted to Sardinia during different prehistoric and protohistoric Ages. lados. Aquí presentamos los primeros resultados de las observacio- Aimed at evaluating diachronic biodiversity, remains from Sardi- nes efectuadas en el centro de la Dorsal Gallega (Galicia, España). nian sheep dug out in the last decades have been analyzed. The Mostramos tres tipos de consumos distintos y como ello repercute material consisted in 24 bones and 24 teeth coming from 8 diffe- en los huesos. Primero se analizan 4 carcasas consumidas por lobos rent archaeological sites of various Sardinian regions dating back en un único consumo. Segundo, tratamos 9 carcasas consumidas, from late Neolithic to Medieval Age. Ancient DNA was extracted, trasportadas y dispersadas en varios eventos. Tercero, estudiamos 5 quantified through spectrometry and separated electrophoretical- carcasas carroñeadas. Nuestras observaciones reflejan importantes ly on agarose gel, and its preservation conditions underwent care- diferencias en cada uno de los casos. En todos ellos hay dispersión ful evaluation. Notwithstanding the fact that dental tissues are very de huesos, pero los patrones de fracturación y alteración ósea di- poor in cells and mitochondria, DNA amount was about five times

250 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 higher in teeth than in bones depending on soil pH. Furthermore, and morphological change during domestication. Implications of ancient DNA from a 176 bp region of the mitochondrial D-loop was this work for future studies of animal domestication, in goats and PCR-amplified with specific primers and sequenced. The nucleo- other species, are explored. tide sequences obtained were compared against what reported by S5-3, Archaeozoology and palaeogenetics: potentials and limits, oral Genbank and against the sequence obtained from subjects belon- ging to the modern Sardinian breed. 1 2 In all ancient samples a single-base is lacking when compared with ZHANG Shuangquan , LI Zhanyang , the modern sheep. As to the nucleotide differences among ancient ZHANG Yue3 & GAO Xing4 sheep, a single-base insertion was detected in the Roman and Me- 1, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, dieval sheep in comparison with the Nuragic sheep. Such results, as Beijing 100044, China, [email protected] well as the others in progress will hopefully let us draw the genetic 2, Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Zhengzhou 450000, China, [email protected] tree of Sardinian sheep breed. 3, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China, [email protected] 4, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research financed by P5a grant from Sardinian Region. Beijing 100044, China, [email protected] S5-2, S6-3, General session, poster Taphonomy of the faunal remains from the Xuchang Man ZEDER Melinda A. site, Henan Province, China Archaeobiology Program, National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) We present here the results of a study of the faunal remains from Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Washington D.C., 20013-7012, USA. [email protected] the Middle Palaeolithic (MP) bone assemblage of the Xuchang Man site, Henan Province, China. A series of taphonomic tests and ana- Diet Diversity and the Advent of Resource Management lyses were employed to reconstruct the depositional history of the bone assemblage and to investigate MP hunting and subsistence in Southeastern Anatolia strategies. We identify the minimum number of skeletal elements, Diet breadth models rooted in behavioral ecology predict that a document bone surface modifications, the mode of bone fragmen- broadening of diet to include resources with lower net energy yield tation, and the demographic structure of the main hunted ungulate after procurement and processing is a function of pressure on hi- species. Aurochs (Bos primigenius) and horse (Equus caballus) are the gher ranked resources. Following this model, the dramatic expan- major prey species in this assemblage. The presence of cut marks sion in diet diversity during the late Epipaleolithic hunter/collectors from all stages of butchery, the presence of selective transport, and in the Near East is automatically cast within a stress based scenario, the body part data suggest that processing of carcasses was carried the result of resource pressures incurred by demographic packing. out in the vicinity of the site. Analysis of dental eruption and wear This framework, in turn, places the beginnings of plant and ani- of these two species indicates that prime-age adult individuals do- mal management and subsequent domestication and agricultural minate the assemblage. A high proportion of fragmented animal origins as responses to chronic demographically driven resource bones also characterizes the assemblage, yet taphonomic analysis stress. An alternative view places this “broad-spectrum revolution” suggests only minor loss of bone due to various post-depositional in the context of broadening biotic communities during a period of processes. High rates of fragmentation and green fractures indicate post-Pleistocene climatic amelioration in the Early Holocene. Such that most of the bone destruction occurred while the site was occu- an approach sees the increase in diet-breadth and the develop- pied, probably as a result of processing bones for marrow. The mild ment of resource management as products of an ongoing process effects of weathering, and the relatively low frequency of carnivore of human niche construction, under conditions of little or no de- damage reconfirm the hypothesis that much of the bone-density mographic pressure, during this period of biotic rebound and cli- mediated destruction is related to human agency. matic stability. An on-going analysis of the faunal remains from the S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, Late Epipaleolithic site of Hallan Çemi in southeastern Anatolia is Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, poster used to explore these two differing perspectives of the transforma- tion of hunting, and gathering, strategies in the Early Holocene that ultimately led to domestication and agricultural emergence. ZHANG Ying1, HUANG Yunping2, YUAN Jing3 S4-3, Hominin Subsistence in the Old World 4 during the Pleistocene and Early Holocene, oral & SUN Guoping 1, Institute of Archaeology, UCL, London, UK, [email protected] 2, School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, Beijing, China, yunpingh@pku. ZEDER Melinda A. edu.cn 3, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China, yuanjing@cass. Archaeobiology Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution org.cn 4, Institute of Archaeology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China, [email protected] The Intersection of Genetics and Archaeozoology in Do- cumenting Goat Domestication Early domestication of pigs in northern Zhejiang Provin- ce, China One of the most promising examples of the potential for cross-illu- mination between genetics and archaeozoology are the on-going Early domesticated pigs were first observed from Kuahuqiao site in studies of goat (Capra hircus) domestication in the Eastern Fertile northern Zhejiang Province, which is carbon dated to approximate- Crescent region of modern day Iran, Iraq, and southeastern Turkey. ly 7000 BC, at the early stage of Neolithic. What happened with the Archaeozooological studies have detected the evolution of specia- domestication in the following 3000 years? In this paper, we focus lized hunting strategies into herd management within the natural on the pig remains from Tianluoshan Site, a significant site of the habitat of wild goats at least 1000 years before the manifestation of Hemudu culture, discussing the process of pig domestication, and morphological markers traditionally used to detect animal domes- the subsistence economy of human society. tication in the archaeozoological record. Recent genetic analysis of We studied the material through various methods, including mor- modern wild goats (Capra aegagrus) from this same region shows phology, pathology, age-structure analysis and isotope research. that while this process may not have left any archaeologically de- The result is quite dramatic: isotope research shows that the bone tectable morphological markers, it did have a profound and lasting samples have a high δ15N level, similar to that of humans, which genetic impact. These discoveries, in turn, have helped reshape our implies that pigs may have been fed with human’s leftovers. How- general understanding of the process of domestication and the ever, the third molars are still large, with an average length of over relationship between human/animal interaction, genetic change, 40mm. The evidence indicates that pigs from Tianluoshan are in an

11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 251 early period of the domestication process: they are fed, but haven’t mental studies and ethnoarchaeological data. The archaeological changed much morphologically. data indicate that the later occupants of Ma’anshan Cave hunted S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, mainly medium and small game, while the earlier occupants ten- Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, poster ded to prey upon larger animals. In the later period, hominins also made fuller use of the carcasses. The breadth of the meat diet also Zhang Yue1, Stiner Mary C.2, Dennell increases with time, due to the inclusion of small animals (bam- Robin3, Zhang Shuangquan1 & Gao Xing1 boo rats and birds) in the diet of the later period. The differences between the two faunal assemblages are consistent with the chro- 1, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nologic boundary currently drawn between the Chinese Early and Beijing 100044, Q1 China, [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2, School of Anthropology, P.O. Box 210030, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0030, USA, Late Paleolithic ca. 30 ka BP-27 ka BP based on technological and [email protected] other evidence. Together with the evidence of chronological da- 3, Department of Archaeology, Northgate House, West Street, University of Sheffield, S1 4ET, UK, [email protected] ting, palaeoenvironment, polished bone tools, the micromammal and bird bones from the two cultural layers, this study proposes Zooarchaeological perspectives on the Chinese Early and three hypotheses (climatic, cultural and demographic) that could Late Paleolithic from the Ma’anshan site (Guizhou, South explain these differences. While none of the hypotheses can be re- futed completely by the available evidence, a combination of cli- China) mate-driven and demographic (predator pressure) effects is most likely. Ma’anshan is a Paleolithic cave site in the Guizhou province of S5-4, Variability in human hunting behavior during Oxygen Isotope Stages 2 southern China. The total area of the excavations is ca. 48 m , and (OIS) 3/4: implications for understanding modern human origins, poster the cultural deposit is divided into two layers representing the Chinese Late Paleolithic and the later part of the Early Paleolithic. Zielińska Ulana The upper layer dates between 19,295 BP and 31,155 BP by AMS technique, and the lower layer is dated to around 53,000 BP by The Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Institute of Archaeology ul. Gołębia 11, 31-007 Kraków, [email protected] U-Series technique. Thousands of bone fragments were recove- red from the two layers. Species abundance, bone surface modi- Animal Husbandry in the Iron Age in southern Poland. An fications, skeletal element representation, and mortality patterns were studied in an investigation of assemblage formation history example of archaeozoological analysis of bone remains and patterns of prey selection and meat consumption by hominins. from Zagórzyce Settlement, Świętokrzyskie Province Interpretations of the faunal data are strengthened by reference This paper covers a number of issues related to animal farming in to experimental studies and ethnoarchaeological data. The zooar- the Przeworsk culture on the loess upland situated in the western chaeological data indicate that the later occupants of Ma’anshan part of Małopolskie province (Poland). The analysis was based on Cave hunted mainly medium and small game animals, while the animal bone material excavated from a Przeworsk culture settle- earlier occupants tended to prey upon larger animals. In the later ment in Zagórzyce (municipality of Kazimierza Wielka), dated to period, hominins also made fuller use of the carcasses. The breadth the early Roman period. of the meat diet increased with time, due to the inclusion of quick The collected bone material provided some data about the species small animals (bamboo rats and birds) in the later period. The dif- of farmed animals, methods of carcass exploitation, slaughter age, ferences between the two faunal assemblages are consistent with gender and morphology. the chronologic boundary currently drawn between the Chinese An analysis of species suggests that there was two dominating Early and Late Paleolithic ca. 30–27 ka BP, based on technological species, that is cattle and small ruminants. The method of carving and other evidence. carcasses is typical for poor communities, consuming all parts of S4-1, Contributions of archaeozoology to the study of human societies in South, Southeast, and East Asia from the Paleolithic to the premodern era, oral animals, even those of questionable taste qualities. Age profiles of cattle and small ruminants (two main species) suggest that a balan- 1,2,3 4 ce was maintained between animals to be slaughtered and those ZHANG Yue , STINER Mary C. , DENNELL to be further farmed. Because of that we can suppose that farming Robin5, ZHANG Shuangquan1,2 & GAO Xing1,2 was done for economic purposes. A morphological analysis of far- 1. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ming animals confirmed the presence of typically local varieties as Beijing 100044 China [email protected] well as other varieties, probably imported (sheep; Pannonia). The 2. Joint Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, collected bone material includes a number of interesting bone to- Beijing 100044 China 3. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing 210008 China ols, e.g. blades made probably of ivory. 4. School of Anthropology, P.O. Box 210030, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0030 USA Investigation results were analyzed in the economic context and 5. Department of Archaeology, Northgate House, West Street, University of Sheffield, S1 4ET, UK then compared to other sites of similar chronology, situated on the loess upland in the western part of Małopolska. Archaezooological perspectives on the Chinese Early and S2-2, Animal husbandry across the Iron Age to Roman transition: archaeozoological evidence, poster Late Paleolithic from the Ma’anshan site (Guizhou, South China)

Ma’anshan is a Paleolithic cave site in the Guizhou province of southern China. The total area of the excavations is ca. 48 m2, and the cultural deposit is divided into two layers representing the Chinese Late Paleolithic and the later part of the Early Paleolithic. The upper layer dates between 19,295 BP and 31,155 BP by the 14C AMS technique, and the lower layer is dated to around 53 ka BP by the U-Series technique. Thousands of bone fragments were recove- red from the two layers, of which 4,358 pieces could be identified to macro-mammal taxon or mammal body size class and skeletal element. Bone surface modifications, species abundance, skeletal element representation, and mortality patterns were used to in- vestigate patterns of prey selection and meat consumption by the hominins, including food transport and butchering practices. Inter- pretations of these data are strengthened by reference to experi-

252 11th ICAZ International Conference. Paris, 23-28 August 2010 Addenda

BARCELO Juan Antonio, CAMARÒS GÜMÜŞ Burçin Aşkım1 & DE CUPERE Bea2 1, University of Gazi, Gazi Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji (Zooloji) Edgard DRAGICEVIC Ivana, ESTÉVEZ Jordi, Bölümü,Teknikokullar, Beşevler, 06500, Ankara, Türkiye, [email protected]; burcinaskim@ gmail.com MAMELI Laura & VERDÚN Ester 2, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium, GRUP AGREST. Dept. Prehistoria, Facultat de Lletres Edifici B, Universidad Autonoma de [email protected] Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain, [email protected]; sgr-agrest@googlegroups. com; [email protected]; [email protected] A revision of the mollusc fauna from the antique site of Visualizing animal management in hunter-fisher- Sagalassos (Turkey, Roman – early Byzantine period) gatherers from Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) through Since 1990, large-scale, interdisciplinary excavations are carried out spatial analysis at Sagalassos, an ancient town at 7 km to the north of Ağlasun in It is argued that “visualizing” is not the same as “seeing”, but an in- the province of Burdur, and at 110 km to the north of Antalya, in the western Taurus Mountains. The town was built at an altitude ferential process to understand reality. In this paper we intend to of between 1490 and 1600 metres above sea level. Previous faunal apply statistical visualization methods to analyze the way animal analyses and publications focussed on all major animal groups, i.e. resources were socially managed. Our excavations in different hun- the traditional vertebrates (domestic and wild mammals and birds, ter-gatherer settlements from ethnographic times in the southern- herpetofauna and fish), but thus far molluscs have never been stu- most part of America (Tierra de Fuego, Argentina) have provided a died in detail. Terrestrial gastropods have been most frequently lot of animal remains including mollusks, fishes, birds, mammals, collected during the excavations. Marine shells and Anatolian fres- etc. Each different class of remains explains different aspects of re- hwater species occur as well, and their identification was rather source social management and has to be analyzed in its own indi- straightforward. The small land gastropods that initially posed a viduality, what includes also different systems of sampling and the major problem because of the lack of adequate literature and the identification of the respective formation process. This research in- problematic systematic position of many modern taxa have been tegrates the statistical results of all categories of remains in a single revised now. The presence of the encountered taxa will be explai- interpretive framework on a 4D basis. ned from a taphonomical point of view, whereby a distinction will S2-4, Achaeozoology in a digital world: be made between (pene-) contemporaneous intrusives, late in- new approaches to communication and collaboration, poster trusives, possible geological intrusives, and molluscs that may be anthropic in origin. The data will then also be interpreted from a GIL Adolfo, NEME Gustavo & OTAOLA Clara palaeo-environmental and palaeo-economic (use as food or as raw material) point of view. 1, CONICET-Museo de Historia Natural de San Rafael, Argentina. Parque Mariano Moreno s/n, 5600 San Rafael, Mendoza. Argentina. [email protected]; gustavoneme@ S3-4, Archaeomalacology: shells in the archaeological record, poster arqueologiamendoza.org; [email protected]

Spatial tendencies and taphonomy: reviewing the inten- sification hypothesis in the Argentinean central west

During the last decade the zooarchaeological information in the Ar- gentinean central west was focused in the explanation of the tem- poral trends about human use of the faunal resources. Applying optimal foraging theory (Diet Breadth Model), archaeologists pro- posed an intensification process related to the incorporation of small preys into the diet. However, taphonomic research in order to assess the possibility of the existence of bias had not been developed in the area until present. All the same, the heterogeneous landscape of Argentinean central west, with its mountains, deserts, and volcanic fields, have conditioned the animal distribution and also the bone preservation in the archaeological sites. These variables were not included in the previous discussions about the interpretation of the changes in the archaeofaunal assemblages trough time. In this paper we review the earlier ideas using the actual knowledge about faunal distribu- tion and new taphonomic information. Results show a high correlation between archaeofaunal diversity and the distribution of these sites in the landscapes. This correla- tion is higher than observed between the faunal assemblages and the diet breadth implication that were supported in the previous papers. On the other side, actualistic taphonomic studies carried out in the area showed that the action of different natural agents and the bad preservation of faunal remains at archaeological sites, makes necessary the consideration of problems related with site formation processes before applying foraging theory. S1-5, Advances in Neotropical zooarchaeology, oral

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