Variation – Normen – Identitäten Germanistische Sprachwissenschaft Um 2020

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Variation – Normen – Identitäten Germanistische Sprachwissenschaft Um 2020 Alexandra N. Lenz und Albrecht Plewnia (Hrsg.) Variation – Normen – Identitäten Germanistische Sprachwissenschaft um 2020 Herausgegeben von Albrecht Plewnia und Andreas Witt Band 4 Variation – Normen – Identitäten Herausgegeben von Alexandra N. Lenz und Albrecht Plewnia Die Open-Access-Publikation dieses Bandes wurde gefördert vom Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim. ISBN 978-3-11-053673-7 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-053862-5 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-053684-3 Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter der Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Lizenz. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2018 Alexandra N. Lenz und Albrecht Plewnia, publiziert von Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Foto Einbandabbildung: © Oliver Schonefeld, Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim Portrait Ludwig M. Eichinger, Seite V: © David Ausserhofer, Leibniz-Gemeinschaft Satz: Meta Systems Publishing & Printservices GmbH, Wustermark Druck und Bindung: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Ludwig M. Eichinger gewidmet Vorwort Wo steht die germanistische Sprachwissenschaft aktuell? Der vorliegende Band mit dem Titel „Variation – Normen – Identitäten“ ist der vierte Teil einer auf sechs Bände angelegten Reihe, die eine zwar nicht exhaustive, aber doch umfas- sende Bestandsaufnahme derjenigen Themenfelder innerhalb der germanis- tischen Linguistik bieten will, die im Kontext der Arbeiten des Instituts für Deut- sche Sprache in den letzten Jahren für das Fach von Bedeutung waren und in den kommenden Jahren von Bedeutung sein werden (und von denen nicht weni- ge auch vom Institut für Deutsche Sprache bedient wurden und werden). Jeder einzelne Band behandelt ein abgeschlossenes Themengebiet und steht insofern für sich; in der Zusammenschau aller Bände ergibt sich ein Panorama der „Ger- manistischen Sprachwissenschaft um 2020“. Anlass des Erscheinens dieser Bände ist der Eintritt des langjährigen Direktors des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache, Ludwig M. Eichinger, in den Ruhestand. Ludwig M. Eichinger leitete das Institut von 2002 bis 2018. Seine akademische Laufbahn begann er als Wissenschaftlicher Assistent an der Uni- versität Bayreuth; anschließend war er Heisenberg-Stipendiat an der Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München. Ab 1990 hatte er eine Fiebiger-Professur für Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft an der Universität Passau inne, 1997 wurde er auf den Lehrstuhl für Deutsche Philologie an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel berufen. Mit seiner Ernennung zum Direktor des Instituts für Deutsche Sprache im Jahr 2002 wurde er auch Ordinarius für Germanistische Linguistik an der Universität Mannheim. Ludwig M. Eichinger ist Ehrendoktor der Panno- nischen Universität Veszprém und der Universität Bukarest. Er ist Mitglied der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur zu Mainz und der Österreichi- schen Akademie der Wissenschaften; außerdem ist er Ständiger Gastprofessor an der Beijing Foreign Studies University. Ludwig M. Eichinger hat das Institut in den Jahren seines Wirkens ent- scheidend geprägt; in Anerkennung und Dankbarkeit seien ihm diese Bände gewidmet. Albrecht Plewnia und Andreas Witt – Reihenherausgeber – Open Access. © 2018 publiziert von De Gruyter. Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter der Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Lizenz. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110538625-203 Inhalt Vorwort VII Alexandra N. Lenz und Albrecht Plewnia Einleitung 1 Peter Auer 1 Das Beste zweier Welten: Das Bild elsässischer Dialektsprecher von den Deutschen, den Franzosen und sich selbst 5 Ingrid Schröder und Lara Neumann 2 „Denn hebbt wi ok mal Platt schnackt.“ Codeswitching in sprachbiographischen Interviews 41 Astrid Adler und Albrecht Plewnia 3 Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der quantitativen Spracheinstellungsforschung 63 Markus Hundt 4 Wahrnehmungsdialektologie – quo vadis? 99 Evelyn Ziegler 5 Visuelle Mehrsprachigkeit in Migrationsgesellschaften: monolinguale Norm vs. plurilinguale Norm 127 Stefan Kleiner und Ralf Knöbl 6 Zur Aussprache nicht haupttoniger Vorsilben mit <e> in Lehnwörtern im deutschen Gebrauchsstandard 157 Winifred V. Davies 7 Sprachnormen in der Schule aus der Perspektive der „Critical Language Awareness“ 177 Elisabeth Knipf-Komlósi 8 Das Dilemma zwischen Norm und Variation im Deutschunterricht in Ungarn – und wie Lehrende darüber denken 197 X Inhalt Rüdiger Harnisch 9 Reanalyse durch Varietätenkontakt – Morphogenese durch Hyperkorrektion 219 Claudia Maria Riehl 10 Simplifizierungsprozesse revisited 241 Peter Rosenberg 11 Überflutete Sprachinseln: Sprachvariation, Sprachwechsel und Sprachwandel in deutschen Sprachinseln in Russland und Brasilien 263 Hans C. Boas und Katrin Fuchs 12 Zum Einfluss des Standarddeutschen auf das Texasdeutsche im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert: Empirische und methodologische Probleme 283 Péter Maitz und Siegwalt Lindenfelser 13 Gesprochenes Alltagsdeutsch im Bismarck-Archipel um 1900 305 Register 339 Autorinnen und Autoren 341 Alexandra N. Lenz und Albrecht Plewnia Einleitung Wer spricht, wählt aus; das Ergebnis ist Variation. Sie ist die sichtbare Folge der Existenz von regulären Optionen im sprachlichen Möglichkeitsraum eines Sprechers. Einer jeden sprachlichen Handlung gehen zahlreiche Auswahl- entscheidungen, bewusste und unbewusste (und halbbewusste), voran. Das betrifft die verschiedensten Ebenen, von der Phonologie bis zur System- grammatik; auf diesen verschiedenen Ebenen finden dann Auswahlentschei- dungen statt, die u. a. auch der sozialen Positionierung der Sprecher dienen. Dabei existiert Variation in verschiedenen Maßstäben: einerseits gibt es über- individuelle Variationsräume, d. h. Unterschiede in den sprachlichen Default- Entscheidungen zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen, die ihrerseits intern rela- tiv homogen sind; am sichtbarsten wird dies wohl im Bereich der arealen Variation, die für die meisten Sprecher des Deutschen eine sehr unmittelbare Form der alltagssprachlichen Differenzerfahrung darstellt. Andererseits gibt es sie immer auch auf der individuellen Sprecherebene, jeder Sprecher hat die Wahl, und jeder Sprecher kann und muss wählen. Dieser Band geht der Frage nach, welche linguistischen und soziolinguis- tischen Steuerungsfaktoren den Auswahlentscheidungen, die zu Variation führen, zugrunde liegen. Zwei Hauptlinien, die zugleich eng miteinander ver- schränkt sind, werden dabei verfolgt: Zum einen orientieren sich Sprecher bei ihren Entscheidungen immer an Normvorstellungen. Da sprachliches Handeln immer soziales Handeln ist und soziales Handeln sozialen Normen unterliegt, treffen Sprecher ihre Auswahlen entlang bestimmter (statuierter oder subsis- tenter) Normen. In diesem Sinne ist sprachliche Variation ein Ergebnis von Normenpluralität. Da die (Sprach-)Welt komplex ist, kommt es regelmäßig vor, dass konkurrierende Normsysteme konfligieren; gerade in solchen Fällen muss ein Sprecher sich entscheiden. Der zweite thematische Faden geht aus von der Feststellung, dass die jewei- ligen sprachlichen Auswahlentscheidungen nicht zuletzt zur Konstruktion von Identitäten eingesetzt werden. Sprache ist zentraler Identitätsanker; Identität er- möglicht es, Gruppenzugehörigkeiten wie auch Gruppengrenzen nach außen zu markieren, und dient der sozialen Selbstvergewisserung. Die Optionen, die der sprachliche Handlungsraum eröffnet, bieten hier Spielraum für Selbstpositionie- rungen und Fremdzuschreibungen, der systematisch genutzt wird. Diesen beiden Hauptlinien – Normen und Identitäten – folgen die Beiträge dieses Bandes mit unterschiedlichen Schwerpunkten und je eigenen Akzen- tuierungen. In einem ersten thematischen Block werden Fragestellungen Open Access. © 2018 Alexandra N. Lenz und Albrecht Plewnia, publiziert von De Gruyter. Dieses Werk ist lizenziert unter der Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Lizenz. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110538625-001 2 Alexandra N. Lenz und Albrecht Plewnia fokussiert, die sich mit Einstellungen von Sprechern zu verschiedenen Varietä- ten, Sprachformen/-mustern und den mit ihnen assoziierten Sprechergruppen befassen. Peter Auer zeigt in seinem Beitrag „Das Beste zweier Welten: Das Bild elsässischer Dialektsprecher von den Deutschen, den Franzosen und sich selbst“, wie (vermeintliche) Wissensausschnitte um regionalsprachliche Diffe- renzen genutzt werden, um (durchaus entlang nationaler Stereotype) eine spe- zifische Regionalidentität zu konstruieren, wonach es den Elsässern gelingt, die jeweiligen Vorzüge der deutschen und der französischen Welt miteinander zu vereinen. – Von narrativen Identitätskonstruktionen berichten auch Ingrid Schröder und Lara Neumann in ihrem Beitrag „Denn hebbt wi ok mal Platt schnackt. Codeswitching in sprachbiographischen Interviews“. Sie weisen an Daten aus dem Projekt „Einstellungen gegenüber regionalen Sprachformen in der Großstadt: Niederdeutsch in Hamburg (NiH)“ nach, dass Codeswitching zwischen Hochdeutsch und Niederdeutsch neben der Herstellung von Nähe zu vielerlei weiteren kommunikativen Zwecken genutzt wird. – Eine methodische Perspektive nehmen Astrid Adler und Albrecht Plewnia in ihrem Beitrag „Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der quantitativen Spracheinstellungsforschung“ ein; sie berichten über die verschiedenen Spracheinstellungserhebungen, die in jüngerer Zeit am IDS durchgeführt wurden, und exemplifizieren an ausge- wählten Daten verschiedene Auswertungszugänge. – Für linguistische
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