OHIO VALLEY HISTORY A Collaboration of The Filson Historical Society, Cincinnati Museum Center, and the University of Cincinnati. VOLUME 5 • NUMBER 4 • WINTER 2005 OHIO VALLEY EDITORIAL BOARD HISTORY STAFF Compton Allyn Christine L. Heyrman Joseph P. Reidy Editors Cincinnati Museum Center University of Delaware Howard University History Advisory Board Christopher Phillips J. Blaine Hudson Steven J. Ross David Stradling Stephen Aron University of Louisville University of Southern Department of History University of California California University of Cincinnati at Los Angeles R. Douglas Hurt Purdue University Harry N. Scheiber Joan E. Cashin University of California Managing Editors James C. Klotter Ohio State University at Berkeley John B. Westerfield II Georgetown College The Filson Historical Society Andrew R. L. Cayton Steven M. Stowe Bruce Levine Miami University Indiana University Ruby Rogers University of California Cincinnati Museum Center R. David Edmunds at Santa Cruz Roger D. Tate University of Texas at Dallas Somerset Community Zane L. Miller Editorial Assistant College Cathy Collopy Ellen T. Eslinger University of Cincinnati Department of History DePaul University Joe W. Trotter, Jr. Elizabeth A. Perkins University of Cincinnati Carnegie Mellon University Craig T. Friend Centre College North Carolina State Altina Waller James A. Ramage University University of Connecticut Northern Kentucky University CINCINNATI MUSEUM CENTER THE FILSON HISTORICAL BOARD OF TRUSTEES SOCIETY BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chair David Bohl Steven R. Love President George H. Vincent Ronald D. Brown Kenneth W. Love R. Ted Steinbock Past Chair Otto M. Budig, Jr. Craig Maier Vice-President H.C. Buck Niehoff Brian Carley Jeffrey B. Matthews, M.D. Ronald R. Van Stockum, Jr. John F. Cassidy Shenan P. Murphy Vice Chairs Dorothy A. Coleman Robert W. Olson Secretary-Treasurer Jane Garvey Richard O. Coleman Scott Robertson Henry D. Ormsby Dee Gettler Bob Coughlin Yvonne Robertson David L. Armstrong R. Keith Harrison David Davis Elizabeth York Schiff Emily S. Bingham William C. Portman, III Diane L. Dewbrey Steve C. Steinman Jonathan D. Blum Treasurer Edward D. Diller Merrie Stewart Stillpass Sandra A. Frazier Mark J. Hauser Charles H. Gerhardt, III James L. Turner Margaret Barr Kulp Leslie Hardy Secretary Thomas T. Noland, Jr. Francine S. Hiltz Martiné R. Dunn Barbara Rodes Robinson David Hughes H. Powell Starks President and CEO Robert F. Kistinger J. Walker Stites, III Douglass W. McDonald Laura Long William M. Street Vice President of Museums Orme Wilson III John E. Fleming Director Mark V. Wetherington Ohio Valley History (ISSN Louisville, Kentucky, 40208. nati. Cincinnati Museum History. Back issues are $8.00. 746-3472) is published in Editorial Offices located at Center and The Filson Historical For more information on Cin- Cincinnati, Ohio, and Louis- the University of Cincinnati, Society are private non-profit cinnati Museum Center, including ville, Kentucky, by Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio, 45221-0373. organizations supported almost membership, visit www.cincymu- Museum Center and The Filson Contact the editorial offices at entirely by gifts, grants, sponsor- seum.org or call 513-287-7000 or Historical Society. Periodical [email protected] or ships, admission and member- 1-800-733-2077. postage paid at Cincinnati, [email protected]. ship fees. For more information on The Ohio, with an additional entry Ohio Valley History is a col- Memberships of Cincinnati Filson Historical Society, at Louisville, Kentucky. laboration of The Filson Histori- History Museum at Cincinnati including membership, visit www. Postmaster send address cal Society, Cincinnati Museum Museum Center or The Filson filsonhistorical.org or call 502- changes to The Filson Historical Center, and the Department of Historical Society include a 635-5083. Society, 1310 S. Third Street, History, University of Cincin- subscription to Ohio Valley © Cincinnati Museum Center and The Filson Historical Society 2005. OHIO VALLEY HISTORY Volume 5, Number 4, Winter 2005 A Journal of the History and Culture of the Ohio Valley and the Upper South, published in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Louisville, Kentucky, by Cincinnati Museum Center and The Filson Historical Society. Contents Marriage, Mayhem, and Presidential Politics: The Robards-Jackson Backcountry Scandal Ann Toplovich 3 Losing the Market Revolution: Lebanon, Ohio, and the Economic Transformation of Warren County, 1820-1850 Daniel P. Glenn 23 Soul Winner: Edward O. Guerrant, the Kentucky Home Missions, and the “Discovery” of Appalachia Mark Andrew Huddle 47 Documents and Collections 65 Cover: A New Map of Ohio with its Canals, Review Essay 74 Roads, and Distances, by H. S. Tanner, 1833. Book Reviews 80 Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal, Cincinnati Announcements 88 Historical Society Library Index 94 W I N T E R 2 0 0 5 1 Contributors ANN TOPLOVICH is Executive Director of the Tennessee Historical Society in Nashville, Tennessee. Her biography of Rachel Jackson will be published in late 2006. DAN P. GLENN is a Ph.D. candidate in History at the University of Cincinnati. MARK ANDREW HUDDLE is Assistant Professor of History at St. Bonaventure University in Olean, New York. His first book, The Paradox of Color: Mixed Race Americans and the Burden of History, will be published by the University of Pennsylvania Press in 2006. JUSTIN POPE is a Ph.D. candidate in History at George Washington University in Washington, D.C. He is a native of Danville, Kentucky. 2 OHIO VALLEY HISTORY Book Reviews Harry Ellard. Base Ball in Cincinnati: A from the era, including scorebooks, uniforms, and History. McFarland Historical Baseball early photos. Those sources allowed Ellard to write Library. Gary Mitchem, Marty McGee, this history from an insider’s perspective, and they and Mark Durr, Series Editors. Jefferson, provided the rich detail contained within. North Carolina: McFarland & Company, The book’s first chapter details some of the early Inc., Publishers, 2004. 232 pp. ISBN rules of baseball, and offers copious detail on the so- 0786417269 (paper), $27.00. cial milieu that nurtured baseball in the sport’s early days, from the 1830s and 1860s. Along the way n 1907, Harry Ellard wrote Base Ball in Cin- the reader learns why “innings” bear that name, Icinnati: A History, which chronicles the early and that the sport was so popular in Cincinnati that history of the sport in and around “Porkopolis.” teams even played the game on ice when the playing Both the Cincinnati Red Stockings and Base Ball in field was flooded to create a skating rink. Cincinnati were acts of civic boosterism, intended to Chapters two and three discuss the pre-1869 his- raise the national visibility of the city, and to secure tory of the sport, giving insight into how baseball baseball’s importance in its rise became so popular in the region to prominence. In his forward, and nationally, eventually be- Ellard states his purpose as rectify- coming the “National Pastime.” ing the omission of an important One learns of the high social part of Cincinnati’s history, and standing and moral character the body of the work makes fre- of the men who formed the first quent mention of how the Red teams in the Cincinnati area; Stocking’s prowess on the dia- they were firmly within the mond succeeded in inserting the Victorian middle class. How- city into the national conscious- ever, they were not so upright ness. A major part of the work as to avoid fisticuffs, as Otway deals with the 1869 professional J. Cosgrove, later a prominent team, which the club management attorney, proved when a group decided to assemble in order to from the West End disputed the maintain that prominence. Baltic Base Ball Club’s right to a Ellard’s father George played local ball field. Ellard returned for Cincinnati during its years to these dual themes often-- that as an amateur organization, and later served as a these baseball pioneers were gentlemen, but manly club official during the 1869 season when the first as well, reflecting prime concerns of Nineteenth- professional team defeated all of its sixty-five op- century middle class men. ponents. Through his family connection, Ellard was Much of the remainder of the book focuses on well positioned to write such a history. Before his the transformation of the Reds from an amateur death, he had assembled numerous baseball artifacts team made up of local players to a professional 80 OHIO VALLEY HISTORY group recruited from various parts of the country. Ellard provides a sum- mary of how the team was organized, thumbnail biographies of the roster of the first professionals, and in-depth de- scriptions of the most celebrated games of the 1869-1870 Reds, including their first loss to the Brooklyn Atlantics in 1870. Throughout, Ellard provides team rosters, game results, and names of the prominent Cincinnatians who directed and organized the teams. According to Ellard’s preface to the final chapter, written by then Cincin- nati sportswriter Ren Mulford, Jr., it continues the history of Cincinnati baseball from 1876 to 1907. Francis Graham Lee, editor. The Collected This chapter does not succeed as well as the rest of Works of William Howard Taft, Volume the book due to Mulford’s style and his focus on VIII: “Liberty Under Law” & Selected action off the field. While the work contains some Supreme Court Opinions. Athens: Ohio contradictory information, and the text is broken University Press, 2004. 475 pp. ISBN by team lists and results, Base Ball in Cincinnati is 082141566 (cloth), $59.95. a quick and fun read. For the baseball historian, it is a valuable resource, with fascinating insight into he eighth and final volume of The Collected early baseball culture, including the tension, largely Works of William Howard Taft offers students unexamined by the author, between the early ama- T of constitutional and legal history, of the Supreme teur ethic and the later shift to professionalism that Court, and of Chief Justice Taft himself not only a one can read between the lines.