The Rules of the Game Work With
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The Compiler In his life as a vintage base ball player, Eric can be seen at the strike, hurling, and as a coordinator for the league. Eric Miklich is an original member of the New York Mutuals was discussed with Mr. Trudeau and Mr. Wells during a visit by and also plays for the Westburys and the New York his New York Mutuals club to Ohio in 2001, it was decided that Knickerbockers. He has played for the Brooklyn Atlantics and the three would prepare and publish the work for the good of the the Hempstead Eurekas. He serves as a volunteer Base Ball vintage game and the instruction of players and officials. Mr. Coordinator at the Old Bethpage Village Restoration. He started Miklich is a video engineer on Long Island, married to Donna, this 19th Century rules compilation as a personal hobby. When it and they live in North Babylon, New York. At the far left Charlie Trudeau appears at an 1860s match ready to umpire the proceedings. At the near left he is in the uniform of a Columbus Capital, a vintage team he helped found. At the right he explains the rules to an Ohio Village Muffin while officiating a match between the The Publisher Muffins and Capitals. Charles "Lefty" Trudeau is the founder of the Phoenix Bat 1866, the Capitals were one of Columbus' first base ball teams Company, a manufacturer of reproduction base ball bats, balls and Lefty thought that after 130 years it was time they took the and related reenactment items. Since 1991 he has also been field again. Lefty's most important job is taking care of Emily roaming the outfield as a member of the Ohio Historical and Grace, his two daughters, who can often be seen in their Society's Ohio Village Muffins. In 1999 Lefty helped re-create vintage costumes at base ball games trying to con their father the Columbus Capitals Base Ball Club. Originally founded in out of money to buy rock candy at the General Store. To the left are John and Mardi Wells at the Ohio Village 4th of July celebration. At the right, Mr. Wells in his white suit watches a match in Rochester Hills, MI between the Capitals and the local Grangers. Mr. Wells is a reporter, The Editors tallykeeper, and interpreter for his clubs. John and Mardi Wells have been with the Ohio Village Muffins University in Journalism. They assisted Mr. Trudeau in forming since 1991 serving as tallykeepers and interpreters. They own the Columbus Capitals, patterned after a team formed just after their own graphics arts business which publishes vintage the Civil War by the editor of the Ohio State Journal. Mr. Wells newsletters and related items for the Ohio Historical Society and is treasurer of the Vintage Base Ball Association and a trustee of the Ohio Railway Museum including The Muffin Tin and the Ohio Railway Museum. Both John & Mardi are regular RailFAX. They hold master degrees from the Ohio State contra dancers and reenactors in other time periods. Page 2 The Rules of the Game work with. Perhaps the dimensions are interpreted Rules for the Rules wrong. I reported what was written. Or, is it true that the pitcher was not permitted to move around inside the In the following pages I have divided the text in four pitcher’s box until 1867? sections: 1845-1859, When dimensions of the batter’s box are given the length 1860-1869, refers to the distance from behind home plate towards 1870-1879, second base. 1880-1889 and 1890-1900. Whenever possible the dates when rule changes were implemented are given. If the rule changes were I realize that major changes did not occur during the announced during the winter meetings they will appear in beginning of each decade. For example: the following years rule changes, the year they were used. • On May 4, 1871, the first professional game was played. When a date is given, it applies to all items after it until you reach a line across the column. • In February 1876, the National League was formed. Any entry that is in bold letters indicates that the rule is • In 1881, the American Associated was formed and used today. began play in 1882. There are some contradictions, but I’ve listed the entries • Also in 1882, the Union Association was formed and as they are given in the various materials. began play in 1884. Very rarely did I decide that a certain date or rule was • In November of 1884, the National League legalized wrong unless it was an obvious misprint. over hand pitching and Also included are listings of important and interesting • On June 7th, the American Association also legalized events that helped develop the game both on and off the overhand pitching. field. • In 1887, both the National League and American In the text that follows are the rules from the highest Association adopted a uniform set of rules. level of governing bodies of baseball the 19th Century. • In December of 1889 came the formation of the Players Those bodies or leagues include the National Association League and play began in 1890. of Base Ball Players, the National Association, the National League, the American Association, the Union • In December of 1892, the National League absorbed the Association, the Players League and the National League remaining American Association teams to form one and the American Association of Base Ball Clubs. league and Around the country there were countless other leagues • On March 7th, the pitching distance was changed to its and teams, both semi-professional and amateur. All non- present length. fully professional clubs did not play exactly the rules presented in this book. There were many interpretations I felt it was easier to divide the information this way. or customs that varied from state to state and it’s For each entry a numerical reference is given that probably safe to say from town to town. corresponds to a book or other material. Those materials The same is true where I play at Old Bethpage Village are listed on the last page of this book. If two entries are Restoration. All but one team is based on actual teams similar but not the same, both will be listed. For that played on Long Island. Those teams had protocols example, dimensions regarding the pitcher’s box are that they followed. The rules and guidelines that are used listed as both 4x7 and 7x4. I’ve always understood that here most certainly are not the same that are used in length is the first number and width the second. In the Connecticut, or Rhode Island, or Ohio, etc. following text length refers to the distance from home plate to second. On two occasions, 1845 and 1860, I’ve interpreted the pitcher’s box dimensions and distances, which are in parentheses. I have not interpreted any other years although since a running start was discontinued 1887, I feel the length should be the larger number. For example, in 1863, the dimensions are listed as “12x3 with the front line 45 feet and the back line 48 feet from home plate.” Eric Miklich How is a pitcher going to get a running start with three pitching for feet to move between second and home? The pitcher the Westburys could certainly get a better running start with 12 feet to The Rules of the Game Page 3 to commence exercise, gentlemen not members may 1845 be chosen in to make up the match, which shall not September 13 be broken up to take in members that may afterwards appear; but in all cases, members shall Alexander J. Cartwright’s have the preference, when present at the making of the match. 20 rules of baseball. (1A) 7. If the members appear after the game is commenced 1. Members must strictly observe the time agreed upon they may be chosen in if mutually agreed upon. for exercise and be punctual in their attendance. 8. The game is to consist of 21 counts, or aces; but at 2. When assembled for practice, The President, or Vice the conclusion an equal number of hands must be President in his absence, shall appoint an umpire, played. who shall keep the game in a book provided for that 9. The ball must be pitched, and not throw, for the bat. purpose, and note all violations of the By-Laws and 10. A ball knocked out of the field, or outside the range Rules during the time of exercise. of first or third base, is foul. 3. The presiding officer shall designate two members 11. Three balls being struck at and missed and the last as Captains, who shall retire and make the match to one caught is a hand out; if not caught is considered be played, observing at the same time the players to fair, and the striker is bound to run. be put opposite each other should be as nearly equal 12. A ball being struck or tipped and caught either flying as possible; the choice of the two sides to be then or on the first bound is a hand out. tossed for, and the first in hand to be decided in a 13. A player running the bases shall be out, if the ball is like manner. in the hands of an adversary on the base, or the 4. The bases shall be from “home” to second base, 42 runner is touched with it before he makes his base; it paces; from first to third base, 42 paces, equidistant.