Music Librarianship Holly Gardinier a , Sarah R
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This article was downloaded by: [University of Washington Libraries] On: 18 April 2013, At: 16:28 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Third Edition Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/book/10.1081/E-ELIS3 Music Librarianship Holly Gardinier a , Sarah R. Canino b , Carl Rahkonen c a Honnold/Mudd Library, Libraries of The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, California, U.S.A. b Dickinson Music Library, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, U.S.A. c Harold S. Orendorff Music Library, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Published online: 09 Dec 2009 To cite this entry: Holly Gardinier , Sarah R. Canino , Carl Rahkonen . Music Librarianship. In Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Third Edition. Taylor and Francis: New York, Published online: 09 Dec 2009; 3814-3826. To link to this chapter: http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/E-ELIS3-120043861 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR CHAPTER Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Music Librarianship Holly Gardinier Honnold/Mudd Library, Libraries of The Claremont Colleges, Claremont, California, U.S.A. Sarah R. Canino Dickinson Music Library, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York, U.S.A. Carl Rahkonen Harold S. Orendorff Music Library, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Abstract This entry explores the major aspects of music librarianship beginning with a review of the core literature, types of music libraries, professional organizations, and music librarianship as a career. The general areas of acquisition, cataloging, classification, reference, and preservation are examined as they relate to the unique needs of music. Future challenges to the profession are summarized. DEFINITION TYPES OF MUSIC LIBRARIES Music librarianship is a specialization of librarianship that Academic Libraries involves the acquisition, cataloging, and preservation of music materials in audio, visual, print, and digital formats Academic music libraries primarily serve students, faculty, and the provision of instructional and reference services and visiting scholars. Collections are driven by the evolving to the users of these materials. curriculum of the institution and are important resources supporting its educational mission. Such collections tend to be interdisciplinary in scope and are augmented by musical LITERATURE archives of importance to the institution and the locale. Critical editions, study scores, sound and visual recordings, In 1893, James Duff Brown[1] wrote the first manual and monographs and periodicals on music-related topics describing the organization of a music library. Books and form the basis of these scholarly collections. Depending on Netherlands the curriculum, performing editions with parts are often Music– collections of essays about music librarianship offering an historical perspective include McColvin,[2] Bryant,[3] well-represented in the collection. McColvin and Reeves,[4] Redfern,[5,6] Jones,[7] and Academic music libraries employ music librarians, fre- Turbet[8] written from the British point of view and quently with advanced degrees in music, to administer the Wallace,[9] Hill,[10] Bradley,[11] Mann,[12] Ochs,[13] and collection, develop and catalog it, provide instruction, and Downloaded by [University of Washington Libraries] at 16:28 18 April 2013 Cassaro[14] viewed from the American perspective. Addi- answer reference questions. The work of the music librar- tionally, Bradley[15] compiled a collection of seminal ians is usually supported by library and/or student assistants. articles published about music librarianship up until Academic music collections may be incorporated within 1973. Timely essays summarizing the state of the profes- a general academic library or exist as a separate branch sion appeared in Notes, the official journal of the Music library. Often music collections were initiated in music Library Association, by Watanabe (1981),[16] by Davidson departments and later incorporated into the administrative (1993),[17] and by contributors in the field in a special structure of the institution’s academic library. millennial issue.[18] In American Music Librarianship: a Biographical and Historical Survey,[19] Bradley acknowl- Research Libraries edged the pioneers who built collections, devised classifi- cations, and developed cataloging codes. She later Research libraries are administered by an organization, documented the literature of the field in her exhaustive founder, or foundation. As a result, these collections may bibliography American Music Librarianship: a Research be more narrowly focused in accordance with the mission and Information Guide.[20] of the supporting body than their counterparts in academia. Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sciences, Third Edition DOI: 10.1081/E-ELIS3-120043861 3814 Copyright # 2010 by Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved. Music Librarianship 3815 Examples of research library collections may be found worldwide with an interest in the music of the country. worldwide in societies, foundations, museums, and church, Collections include scores, recordings, and biographical monastery, or other spiritual organizations, for example, and research materials. In addition to administration, col- the Moravian Music Foundation (the United States), the lection development, cataloging, and reference, Music International Library of African Music (South Africa), Information Centres are charged with promoting the mu- Internationale Stiftung Mozarteum Biblioteca Mozartiana sic of their country through various activities. Since 1939, (Austria), English Folk Dance and Song Society, Vaughan the American Music Center has served this purpose for the Williams Memorial Library (the United Kingdom), and United States. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana (Italy). Staffing of these collections ranges widely. Research music libraries may National Libraries employ music librarians with advanced degrees or expertise in specific areas of music. However, small collections may National libraries are generally responsible for “acquiring, be administered by knowledgeable volunteers. cataloguing, and maintaining copies of the national biblio- graphic output and preparing the national bibliography.”[21] Conservatory Libraries These library collections combine characteristics of public and research libraries and Music Information Centres. Like Conservatory libraries, at institutions such as the Curtis public libraries, national libraries are funded by a govern- Institute of Music (the United States), Royal College ment and provide services to its citizens. However, national of Music (the United Kingdom), and Sibelius Academy music libraries are broader in their collection scope than (Finland), serve students, faculty, and visiting artists. Simi- most public libraries and may include scores, sound and lar to the academic library, their collections are driven visual recordings, and monographs and periodicals on by curricula; however, the emphasis is generally on per- music-related topics. Similar to Music Information Centres, formance and pedagogy. Performing editions with parts, they collect and promote the music of their country. Often orchestral excerpts, sound and visual recordings, and they are required by legislation to serve as a repository for monographs on performance issues are augmented with the copyrighting newly published music and many also set cat- basic resources found in academic libraries. Conservatory aloging and other policies for libraries in their country. libraries may also perform an archival role relating to the Music collections in national libraries are staffed by music institution or to artists of local interest. Conservatory music librarians. Some of the many important national libraries libraries hire music librarians to administer the collection, with substantial music collections include: the British develop and catalog it, provide access and bibliographic Library (the United Kingdom), Bibliothe`que Nationale de instruction, and answer reference questions. France (France), Bayerische Staatsbibliothek (Germany), Oestererreichische Nationalbibliothek (Austria), Biblioteka Public Libraries Narodowa (Poland), Rossiyskaya Gosudarstvennaya Biblio- teka (Russia), and the National Diet Library (Japan). Though Public library music collections are shaped by the often considered a national library, the Library of Congress size and resources of the community they serve as well (the United States) was created to serve the members of as the significance