A INVASORA RIO DE JANEIRO, CIDADE DA MÚSICA: the INVADER Otavio Leonídio1 Tradução Português-Inglês: Carlos Eduardo Comas ARQ TEXTO 13 ARQ TEXTO 13

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A INVASORA RIO DE JANEIRO, CIDADE DA MÚSICA: the INVADER Otavio Leonídio1 Tradução Português-Inglês: Carlos Eduardo Comas ARQ TEXTO 13 ARQ TEXTO 13 CIDADE DA MÚSICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO: A INVASORA RIO DE JANEIRO, CIDADE DA MÚSICA: THE INVADER Otavio Leonídio1 Tradução português-inglês: Carlos Eduardo Comas TEXTO 13 TEXTO 13 ARQ ARQ Foto Casa da Música Casa da Música Photo 176 177 Diz-se no Brasil que a forma do edifício é um eco da arquitetu- They say in Brazil that the form of the building is an echo of the ra brasileira dos anos cincoenta. Não se trata de um exercício Brazilian architecture of the 1950s. It is not a voluntary exercise voluntário da minha parte. Há uma lógica climática e estrutural from my part. There is a climatic logic that imposes itself and I TEXTO 13 TEXTO 13 que se impôe e eu fiz um projeto brasileiro, é um projeto que, made ARQ esteticamente, tem sem dúvida alguma coisa de uma arquitetu- a Brazilian project, it is a project that, aesthetically, has ARQ ra brasileira. something of a Brazilian architecture. 2 Christian de Portzamparc Christian de Portzamparc 2 I I Embora previsível, o mutismo do meio arquitetural bra- The acceleration of work on the building site of Cidade sileiro vis-à-vis da Cidade da Música do Rio de Janeiro é da Música (City of Music) found a curious parallel in the particularmente incômodo, além de eloqüente. Pois, do increasing number of published material about this project in ponto de vista da arquitetura brasileira, esse não é – ou the “carioca” Press. Unfortunately, nothing that has been writ- pelo menos não deveria ser visto como – um projeto qual- ten addresses the qualities (or the eventual lack of qualities) quer. of its design, realized by the French architect Christian de Arquitetos brasileiros gostam de pensar que, diferente- Portzamparc (Casablanca, 1944). Driven by the newspaper mente de tudo ou quase tudo que se fez no Brasil em ma- téria de arte moderna, a chamada “arquitetura moderna O Globo, the local Press approach to the construction of that brasileira” foi uma realização verdadeiramente excepcio- large cultural ensemble follows a single point of view, that of nal, desde logo em virtude de sua festejada repercussão building cost or, more precisely, the fact that it far surpasses internacional. É isso, pelo menos, o que vimos repetindo the budget. Of course this material is not signed by architects. desde 1943, ocasião em que o Museu de Arte Moderna As usual, they remain silent. de Nova York/MoMA supostamente se rendeu à força e à Although predictable, the silence kept among the archi- originalidade da arquitetura nacional. tectural milieu concerning Rio de Janeiro’s City of Music is Sabe-se hoje o quanto essa percepção se deveu à for- particularly troubling but eloquent, since from the viewpoint ça das idéias do grande campeão da arquitetura moder- of Brazilian architecture this is not – or at least should not be na brasileira, Lucio Costa (1902-1998). O fenômeno não seen as – a common project. passou despercebido ao tirocínio da historiografia da ar- Brazilian architects like to think that, diversely of everything, quitetura brasileira. Desde meados da década de 1990, or almost everything, made in Brazil concerning Modern Art, ela tem sido bastante pródiga em identificar (em alguns the so called “Brazilian Modern Architecture” was a true ex- casos, de denunciar) a “trama narrativa” ou a “montagem ceptional achievement, surely due to its so celebrated interna- discursiva” da arquitetura moderna brasileira, localizando tional acceptance. This is, at least, what we have been repe- 3 nos enunciados de Costa a origem do tropo discursivo. ating since 1943, the moment when the Museum of Modern Por outro lado, a historiografia brasileira parece pou- Art of New York (MoMA) supposedly surrendered to the force co atenta a uma outra dimensão do fenômeno arquitetura and originality of our national architecture. moderna brasileira: como a percepção ou imagem dessa Nowadays, we know how much this perception owes to arquitetura marcou uma infinidade de arquitetos europeus the strong ideas of the great champion of Brazilian Modern formada ao longo dos anos 1960.4 architecture, Lucio Costa (1902-1998). This phenomenon did Minha própria percepção do fenômeno se deu fora not go unobserved to the discernment of Brazilian architectu- do Brasil, no início dos anos 1990, quando trabalhava no escritório parisiense de Christian de Portzamparc. De ral historiography. From the middle nineties on, it has been imediato, chamava a atenção como, naquele ambiente very proficient in identifying (and in some cases, denouncing) de trabalho, eram constantes as menções a arquitetos the “narrative fabric” or the “discursive assemblage” of Bra- brasileiros. Niemeyer, Reidy, Costa – esses e outros no- zilian modern architecture, locating in Costa’s utterances the 3 mes povoavam conversas e projetos. E isso sem falar origins of this discursive trope. nos nomes que eu mesmo desconhecia. Lembro de uma On the other hand, Brazilian historiography seems to be menção a Bina Fonyat (um arquiteto de cuja existência aloof from another dimension of Brazilian Modern Architectu- eu simplesmente ignorava à época) e de como tive ver- re phenomena: how the conception or image of this architec- gonha de dizer que não conhecia seu projeto para o Te- ture marked countless European architects whom completed atro Castro Alves, em Salvador. Já nessa época Portzam- their studies throughout the sixties.4 176 177 parc viajava muito ao Brasil (quase sempre de férias, My own acknowledgement of these phenomena took pla- em companhia de sua mulher, a designer e arquiteta, ce abroad, in the beginning of the nineties, when I worked nascida no Brasil, Elizabeth de Portzamparc); cada uma in the Parisian office of Christian de Portzamparc. I was stru- TEXTO 13 TEXTO 13 dessas viagens era marcada pela descoberta entusias- ck at once by the constant mentions of Brazilian architects ARQ mada de um novo aspecto da arquitetura brasileira. in that working place. Niemeyer, Reidy, Costa – these and ARQ Depois, houve um episódio muito marcante para other names filled our conversations and projects. And this mim, quando, após dois anos de escritório, decidi dei- not to mention names I had never known. I remember hearing xar a França. No dia de minha volta, de um telefone about Bina Fonyat (an architect whose existence I simply ig- público no aeroporto Charles de Gaulle, telefonei para nored then) and how ashamed I was to say that I didn’t know Portzamparc. Eu estava apreensivo e ele seguramente his design for the Castro Alves Theater, in Salvador. By that percebeu isso; então, me disse a frase que jamais pude time Portzamparc traveled a lot to Brazil (almost always on esquecer: vacation, with his Brazilian-born wife, designer and archi- tect, Elizabeth de Portzamparc); each one of those trips was Você pode ser algo que eu sempre quis ser, mas que, no stamped by the enthusiastic discovery of a new feature of 5 entanto, jamais poderei ser: um arquiteto brasileiro. Brazilian architecture. Later on, there was an episode that made a big impres- Isso foi em março de 1993. Portzamparc tinha à épo- sion on me, when, after two years at the office, I decided to ca 49 anos; ainda não tinha recebido o renomado prê- leave France. In the day I was going home, from a public mio Pritzker, mas, desde a inauguração de sua Cité de phone cabin in Charles de Gaulle Airport, I called Portzam- la Musique de Paris (1990), já era bastante conhecido parc. I felt uneasy and he certainly realized that; then, he told fora da França. Dentre outras coisas, ele se destacava me something I could never forget: como integrante de um grupo específico de arquitetos europeus – aqueles que, tendo vivido intensamente os You can be something I always wanted to be but I will never be anos 1980 (leia-se, a avassaladora voga do pós-mo- able to: a Brazilian architect.5 dernismo), agora, no início dos anos 1990, sentiam-se cada vez mais atraídos pela arquitetura européia do en- That happened in March, 1993. Portzamparc was then tre-guerras e pela arquitetura brasileira dos anos 1950. 49 years old; he had not yet received de renowned Pritzker Fazia parte, portanto, do grupo (chamado num primeiro Prize but since the inauguration of his Cité de la Musique momento de “neo-modernos”) que, no início dos anos in Paris (1990) he was already well known outside France. 1990, começava a reabilitar a arquitetura do movimen- Among other things, he highlighted himself as a member of to moderno. a particular group of European architects – those who had Rem Koolhaas também podia ser incluído no grupo. Em 1993, Koolhaas não era a celebridade que é hoje; intensely lived the eighties (that is, the overwhelming vogue of não tinha tantos textos publicados (embora já tivesse postmodernism) and now, in the beginning of the nineties, felt publicado o famoso Delirious New York) e, sobretudo, increasingly attracted by European architecture from the pe- suas idéias apenas começavam a ganhar o impacto que riod between the World Wars and by Brazilian architecture tem hoje no debate internacional. from the fifties. So he belonged to the group (initially called Para mim, no entanto, Koolhaas fazia parte de uma “neo-moderns”) that, in the beginning of the nineties, started categoria especial de arquitetos: aqueles que, de manifes- to rehabilitate the architecture of the Modern movement. tamente, cultuavam a arquitetura moderna brasileira. Eu, Rem Koolhaas also might be included in this group. In afinal, não esquecera do que ele dissera numa entrevista 1993 Koolhaas was not the celebrity he is nowadays; he de 1990. Como Portzamparc, Koolhaas também tinha um hadn’t published so many texts (though his famous Delirious sonho impossível de realizar: New York had already been published), and specially, his ideas were just starting to gain the impact they have today in Até os catorze anos de idade [...] queria ser uma espécie de international debates.
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