French Pavilion Curator: Dominique Perrault 12th International Architecture Exhibition - Venice Biennale August 29 - November 21, 2010 www.french-pavilion-venice.com

Press kit Contents

4 Editorial METROPOLIS ? Paris «Grand Paris» / Bordeaux / Lyon / Marseille / Nantes Saint-Nazaire

8 Background The French Pavilion at the Venice Biennale

12 Introduction METROPOLIS ?

13 Presentation METROPOLIS ? Paris «Grand Paris» / Bordeaux / Lyon / Marseille / Nantes Saint-Nazaire Concept Exhibition Design Biography of Dominique Perrault

20 Presentation METROPOLIS ? the film Seeing the void ? Biography of Richard Copans

22 The Metropolises 24 Paris «Grand Paris» 28 Bordeaux 32 Lyon 36 Marseille 40 Nantes Saint-Nazaire

44 The French Pavilion extended in L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui Introduction to ‘A’A’ Issue 379 ‘A’A’ METROPOLIS ? Biography of Cyrille Poy

48 Culturesfrance Operator of the French representation

49 Ministry of Culture and Communication

52 French presence in Venice

56 Project’s actors & Partners

67 Practical informations and contacts 4

Editorial Venice still charms, inspires and of the docks of Bordeaux, the beating welcomes to its heart every fantasy heart of Marseille, the major works METROPOLIS ? and every challenge. The French at the confluence of the rivers in Lyon, Paris «Grand Paris» Pavilion wanted to be part of this and the eco-metropolitan development tradition as it participates in the 12th of Nantes Saint-Nazaire are all changes Bordeaux International Architecture Biennale that invite us to take another look in Venice. at urban space, its occupancy and Lyon the possibilities it holds in its “folds.” Marseille This year the Pavilion’s Commissioner, At different scales, each of these Dominique Perrault, whose talent metropolises projects itself into the Nantes Saint-Nazaire crosses borders, is engaged future and into space and creates in a passionate consideration the conditions for a new urbanity. of the challenges posed by changes In the same movement, our look in the city of the 21st century. changes as the landscape Simple, straightforward and essential is transformed. questions to prolong and stimulate the metropolitan debate, which today Beyond the discontinuities and cannot be reduced to its architectural the complexities engendered dimension alone. by contemporary life, Dominique How is the city evolving ? Perrault envisages free rather than What forms does it give us to see, and vacant space, a material onto which what interpretations can the architect the architect or urban planner, like draw from it ? the painter, imagines and draws the Between full and empty, between forms to come. A free space calling for the built and the unbuilt, there are (re)construction, circulation, innovation. walkways and a dialogue to be After all, doesn’t this Biennale have constructed. as its setting a lagoon, whose Latin origin evokes something missing, The question is as much a matter of an interruption, which nonetheless substance as of form(s). For Dominique gave rise to a legendary city built Perrault, it is completely summed up between land and water ? in his “Metropolis ?”. We have to remember the dizzying verticality of his skyscrapers and the immense hustle and bustle of Fritz Lang’s city, a full and massive city, to understand the question mark suggested by Bernard Kouchner Frédéric Mitterrand the French Pavilion. The spectacular, far-reaching urban sprawl observed Minister of Foreign Minister of Culture for several decades now is not just and European Affairs and Communication an invasion of space: it has its own breathing and its breaks in rhythm. The city permanently redefines its form, and, as with any conquest, offers its new worlds and frontiers. The examination of the future of «Grand Paris», the reappropriation

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Background Ever since the second international The French Pavilion’s architecture invited Jean Nouvel, Christian exhibition of art in the famous City was intended to recall the classical de Portzamparc and Philippe Starck The French of the Doges, the Palace of Arts, built ideal of the 17th century. In 1922, to present their proposals Pavilion expressly in the Napoleonic public a rear room was added as an extension at the pavilion for the building’s garden southeast of the city, has been to the central salon, raising reconstruction, but their proposals at the Venice too small, and the increasing the pavilion’s total area from 340 m² remained in the draft stage. numbers of foreign countries to 420 m². Source: La France à Venise, 1990, Biennale participating in the event soon In 1912, the exhibition pavilion was Association Française d’Action Artistique, wanted to have their own pavilion not yet a genre unto itself, and in Éditions Carte Segrete in the park. It began with Belgium, the absence of typological models the which in 1907 settled into a sport near architects wrought transformations, the Palace of Arts, to be followed taking inspiration from ancient shortly by Hungary. temples and villas, Slavic farms and In 1909 Great Britain inaugurated churches of all types. The building a new area, the special site of was then not so much the container a mound that overlooks the park and for an exhibition as it was the spokesman the San Marco basin to the southeast. for the nation it represented, which For the artists of the Munich Secession, is translated into the architecture a pavilion was built to the right by reference to a characteristic of the British building in 1909; historic style. in 1912 it became Germany’s official pavilion. France has had its own The Venice Biennale did not get pavilion since 1912. The work of Venetian its name until 1930, when it was moved engineer Faust Finzi, the building under the direct control of Italy’s was constructed across from the National Education Ministry and German pavilion; with the British a national figure was appointed pavilion, which closes the view on as its chairperson, replacing the city’s the mound, it forms a place reserved mayor. for the great powers, its arrangement expressing the relationships of political In 1972, for the first time the Biennale power leading up to World War I. adopted a theme: “work and behaviour”. Two years later, the Russian pavilion The first international architecture was built alongside the German exhibition was not held until 1980, pavilion. with the title “The Presence of the Past,” in the Arsenal’s rope-works.

While some of the earliest pavilions (Belgian, Dutch and Spanish) were rebuilt in the 1950’s, France’s has remained unchanged to this day, even though the possibility of reconstruction was raised when the lease was renewed in 1990. That year, for the Biennale of contemporary art, with this extreme paradox – affecting the prohibited site of modernity – Jean-Louis Fromont Script concept of the film Metropolis ?

THE close d CITY

Streets/façades/continuous The «monument» city City/Nature The drawn city

THE MODE RN open CITY

New Territories Networks/Infrastructures Housing Industry

the metropoli s / multi - centers city

Peripheral cities Peripheral cities connexion Appearance of voids Discontinuity the modern city TRANSFORMATION

The reconquest Annexing the void Protecting the void Heterogeneous

THE GLOBAL METROPOLI S

Cities networks France = Metropolis Acceleration France/World 12 Presentation to demonstrate that the void is indeed Introduction For Dominique Perrault, the idea the most “lived in space” and to propose of using the cinema as a medium METROPOLIS ? a reading that founds, articulates and METROPOLIS ? consisted of shedding light on his nourishes the genesis of the metropolis theory and making it immediately Paris «Grand Paris» of the 21st century. readable, and hence of projecting To illustrate his ideas, Dominique the visitor into the heart of reality. Bordeaux Perrault has invited five major actors To achieve this, feature and Lyon on the French scene: the metropolises documentary directory Richard of Bordeaux (Housing, Tidal Docks, Copans naturally came to Dominique Marseille Transportation…), Lyon (Lyon Confluences Dominique Perrault was appointed Perrault’s mind. An old and close and district of La Part Dieu…), Marseille as Curator of the French Pavilion bond (formalised by several films Nantes Saint-Nazaire (Metropolis in motion, Parallel routes, for the 12th Venice International created and made together) unites Coastal scenary…), and Nantes Biennale of Architecture. them, with the common ambition (Territory, Nantes Saint-Nazaire By selecting as his theme and entitling of making architecture, the city concept Estuary, Ile-de-Nantes, EuroNantes, his project METROPOLIS ?, Dominique and the urban space accessible the Ile-de-Nantes, planning and Perrault offers an examination to the greatest possible number Obviously, unceasing transformation development of the estuary from Nantes and view that establish and nourish of people. of urban territories has considerably to Saint-Nazaire…), as well as the Atelier the genesis of the Metropolis In the same way, rather than produce altered the perception and the reality International du Grand Paris. in the 21st century. an erudite body of published work of the city envisaged as a unified Five experiments, five ways of linking First, by focusing on the CITY (an urban in support of his concept, Dominique urban entity of defined space and built solids and voids, five proposals for unit, defined space, built form) and Perrault wanted to associate himself form. The new, increasingly complex, a definition of the metropolis no longer its transformation into with a prestigious title, L’Architecture disjointed, splintered and polluted conceived of as a physical mass but a METROPOLIS, an area where void d’Aujourd’hui, a magazine whose urban territories we see today are a rather as a territory. and solid spaces alternate. nature and ambition are to disseminate succession of solids and voids. Five examples, treated through films Then, by demonstrating that the void ideas, considerations, projects and The metropolis, in contrast to the city and projected texts, designed in (abandoned industrial wastelands, creations to all. With its editor-in-chief, considered as a single physical mass, a highly cinematographic way, a sort farming areas, riverbanks) is a space Cyrille Poy, as his contact is precisely what the city has rejected, of installation in which the screens that links more than it separates and, at L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui. when it leaves, transforms the urban expelled outside of and beyond itself. and mirrors, in an unceasing dialog, experience into an experience Curator: Dominique Perrault With the “METROPOLIS ?” exhibition create a striking multiplying effect With: architect and urbanist Dominique of images, enhanced by background of the metropolis. Cyrille Poy, Finally, by illustrating and demons­ Editor-in-chief of L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui, Perrault, chief curator and producer sounds comprised of metropolitan and of the French Pavilion, explores this noises. It is an immersion in the trating his theory through five changing Richard Copans, urban areas (Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille, Director, Producer and Founder of Films d’Ici concept of VOID envisaged as image, in images and sounds, a material for protecting, restructuring a sensory experience enabling one Nantes Saint-Nazaire, Le Grand Paris), The French Pavilion at the Venice 12th International each in its own way and in its own Architecture Exhibition is produced by the Ministry of Culture and building the metropolis. Out to feel, to sense, to grasp the full scope and Communication and by Culturesfrance, operator behind of the dialectic between the solid and of the a metropolis as idea, to imagine geography offers a fantastic France’s representation at the Venice Biennale. catalogue of “possibles.” the void an alternation emerges, less it and contemplate its essential An examination and a thought, decisive than it appears, given how prospective and strategic dimension. sustained by five experiences, obviously voids unite as much as they that constitute a corpus defining separate. The aim and the ambition the metropolis no longer as a physical of “METROPOLIS ?” are to take up the mass but as a territory with multiple challenge of that which ties together faces. and no longer that which unties; to change the economic, social and emotional understanding of the void in a seizing, a positive, prospective and jubilatory perception and appropriation;

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EXHIBITION DESIGN 1. METROPOLIS ? Sequence 2. PARIS «Grand Paris» Sequence DOMINIQUE PERRAULT

An emblematic figure of French architecture, Dominique THE FRENCH PAVILION: METROPOLIS The film METROPOLIS ?, screened at A film on the international consultation Perrault became known internationally when he won the French National Library competition in 1989 at the age of 36. center of the pavilion, was specifically held for «Grand Paris» and presenting This large-scale project marked the starting point for many Four French metropolises, Bordeaux, made for this Biennale. the themes and strategies of the ten other public and private commissions abroad, like the Olympic velodrome and swimming pool in Berlin In 1992, Lyon, Marseille and Nantes Saint- participating design teams is projected the extension of the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg Nazaire, are invited to share the focus It seeks to reveal the breadth of the at the center of the Pavilion. in 1996, the Olympic tennis centre and redevelopment of Manzanares Park in Madrid in 2002, the campus of Ewha with Paris «Grand Paris». void’s presence, in order to grasp the Women’s University in Seoul in 2004. Among his more full scope of the new territories these In the side galleries, bird’s-eye views important projects now under way are the design of Piazza Garibaldi in Naples, the Baths in San Pellegrino, Italy, The theme of the French Pavilion will five French metropolises offer. This of the three concentric ring roads that the convention hall and exhibition hall of León in Spain, strive to show that The Metropolis is physical dimension of the void encircle the capital—the “Périphérique” the Fukoku Tower in Osaka, Japan, which will open in October 2010, and the Grand Théâtre d’Albi and the Dobrée not a city but a rather a territory appears as a collective good that or inner ring road and the two outer Museum in Nantes, France. Lastly, Dominique Perrault won comprised essentially of open and constitutes the wealth and the future rings of the A86 and the “Francilienne”— two major urban-planning competitions in 2009: the new European district and business centre in Sophia, Bulgaria, available spaces. The revelation, of «Grand» Paris, «Grand» Bordeaux, complement this focus, their understanding and the new FFS station district in Locarno, Switzerland. transformation and protection of these «Grand» Lyon, «Grand» Nantes and further enhanced with maps tracing The design for these projects, anchored in an urban vision VOIDS are the various strategies, «Grand» Marseille. the evolution of the territory from Paris detached from historical discourse, works its dynamic projects or actions that our cities offer to «Grand Paris». by joining architecture to its environment. Dominique Perrault introduces an “abstract writing of architecture” to those who govern, imagine and live Echoing the subject of the film in which each constructive element has its own autonomy. in them. METROPOLIS ?, the films projected Coexistence among them comes down to matters of proximity of matter and distance. This is an effort at non-contact, taking in the side rooms are dedicated 3. “Bonus” Sequence S on the principle of a disappearance of architecture, Consequently, it is the perception of to the presentation of emblematic of a certain state of the representation and form of the object. these voids as the places open to all and specific projects of the invited Every hour, the walls of the Pavillon In line with his architectural plans, Dominique Perrault possibilities wich guides the approach metropolises. Bordeaux, Lyon, Nantes are covered by two “Bonuses.” These engages in a creative duo with Gaëlle Lauriot-Prévost, an architect-designer and artistic director of her Paris to the subject and the exhibition and Marseille lay out their strategies, sequences broaden the scope of the agency, conducting research on materials and in particular, design of the French Pavilion. The the places and the forms of their urban metropolitan question to the international very early on, using metal mesh. In close cooperation with manufacturers, new types of weaving and specific experience is a sensorial one, projects that are transforming their and global level: towards a Global application technologies were developed. This attraction immersing the visitor in the substance city into a metropolis, i.e., that are METROPOLIS ? to materials can be found in the design objects, simple in form, reduced to a minimum, whether the furniture of the metropolis. The walls are constructing it. for the French National Library or the light fixtures, tables covered from the floor to ceiling with With over 20 different films, the French and carpeting designed for major publishers (Fontana Arte, Sawaya & Moroni, Baccarat, Martin Stoll, Poltrona Frau, etc.). film projections. These images reflect This cinematographic arrangement Pavillon will attempt to focus on this each other through the skillful use of aims to set up a dialectic exchange emerging urban condition rooted Dominique Perrault has received many awards, including the Mies van der Rohe Prize in 1997, the National Grand Prix mirrors, dematerializing the immobile between the film that visualizes the in a vast territory and shown here of Architecture in 1993 and the Silver T-Square in 1989. architecture of the edifice. construction of the metropolis: for the first time from the perspective All of his work was presented at the Georges Pompidou Centre in 2008 in the one-man exhibition “Dominique This matter in movement relies on THE SOLID, and the one revealing of the contemporary form of the city: Perrault Architecture.” three media: film, with images of the the nature of the metropolitan territory: METROPOLIS. In 2008, he was a member of the Greater Paris Scientific reality on the ground, shot across the THE VOID. Council of the Grand Paris International Consultation. five territories; visuals of metropolitan However, the visitor will never be able Dominique Perrault received the AFEX Grand Prix 2010 projects and a series of maps designed to see everything. The very nature for French architecture worldwide for the Ewha Woman to highlight the nature of the void both of the metropolis escapes any notion University project in Seoul, South Korea, and he received the “Grande Médaille d’or d’Architecture” from the Académie in the metropolis and the national of total perception. d’Architecture. territory. Dominique Perrault July 2010 The French Pavilion is transformed into a multiplex cinema with a permanent program featuring three sequences at regular intervals. Pavilion programming 20

Presentation SEEING THE VOID ? I found what makes the void live: RICHARD COPANS the shifting light, the movement After studying at the IDHEC, Richard Copans became METROPOLIS ? There were three irresistible of the clouds, the wind in the leaves, Director of Photography with Renaud Victor, Luc Moullet, challenges in Dominique Perrault’s Robert Kramer, René Allio and Claire Simon. In 1977, The film a child’s laughter. he founded Les Films d’Ici, a major documentary film proposal to make 16 films for production company, which since its inception has sought to support authors in their creative efforts. That is how installation at the French Pavilion. It’s more a path than a scientific the films of Nicolas Philibert, Luc Moullet, Denis Gheerbrant, axiom. A tool for rediscovering Robert Kramer, Avi Mograbi, Claire Simon, Arnaud des Pallières and Stéphane Breton, came about, to cite just 1/ Filming the void: by definition, the metropolis and its joys, a few. Today Les Films d’Ici has established a catalogue this seems impossible. Filming walls the premises of a job to help us of more than 400 documentary films, touching on many themes (society, history, discovery, arts, culture, architecture, and structures, yes… but the void, build and… not build everything. music, dance, etc.), as well as fiction, short subjects, nothing, nothingness ? I thought about and series. These works are broadcast on television it, and began to see it appear in its Richard Copans and in cinema halls. June 2010 boundaries, its traces, its uses. Since 1992, Richard Copans has produced a collection of 26-minute documentary films, “Architectures,” devoted to the world’s most significant architectural creations. 2/ Filming Square: while the entire This collection, which to date includes some 47 films, brings actors together with the most prestigious institutions, like history of the cinema and television the ARTE TV channel, the Pompidou Centre, the Louvre, has tended to expand the frame, from the Ministry of Culture and Communication/Heritage Office, the Cité de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine, the Musée d’Orsay 1.33 to Cinemascope to 16/9, here and the Mies van der Rohe Foundation. we need to reinvent the rules Richard Copans encountered Dominique Perrault of composition, to forget to bring for their first short subject in 1993, “The Tree, the Book and lateral tensions into play and the Architect,” during construction of the French National Library’s garden. This encounter was the start of a long-term to focus our vision. collaboration that led to the creation of many films, such as “The Architect’s Words,” “The Jean-Baptiste Berlier Industrial Building,” “Berlin, Olympic Velodrome,” 3/ Filming without a story: the “Caen, the Grand Plateau - Site of the Normandy installation of mirrors and screens, Metallurgical Company,” “French National Library,” and creation of all the films produced for the one-man show the impossibility of synchronous presented at the Pompidou Centre in 2008, “Dominique words prohibits any possibility of story. Perrault Architecture,” including the film “The Eleven We need to invent a continuity that is Words of the Architect.” an experience more than a story. On June 24, 2010, Richard Copans received the “Architectural Analysis Medal” from the Académie d’Architecture. Strengthened by these constraints, I went off to sniff the suburban air; I strode across metropolises; I listened to the Mistral blowing in a rocky inlet. Thinking of Georges Perec, I made a list, a typology: from the city border to the wasteland, from the river’s edge to the hollow tooth, from the prohibited place to the line of the horizon, from public space to the tree-shaded crack along a ring road. La France

The presence of water Road networks

Types of voids Void and solid, Void: 95.5% Built: 4.5% 24

The Metropolises The «Grand Paris» is a large and participated in the bidding, the Paris / 4. An accessible Greater Paris / world-renowned metropolis with more Grand Paris International Workshop’s 5. A sustainable and green Greater than 10 million inhabitants, mission was to pursue and explore Paris / 6. Freeing up creativity / Paris encompassing some 5.5 million jobs this examination of Greater Paris, 7. (Re) thinking governance. and producing nearly one-third of to share a vision and strategies while

«Grand France’s Gross Domestic Product. promoting public debate, to invent It extends over some 400 a learning centre and facilitate the INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON GREATER PARIS AND ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PROJECTS municipalities, including the City inclusion of proposals in the many Managing Director: Bertrand Lemoine Paris» of Paris, 8 departements and one region, present and future projects that are Scientific Council: Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners / London School of Economics / ARUP; Atelier Castro Denissof Casi; the Ile-de-France, the boundaries of now paving the way for the AUC (Djamel Klouche); Atelier Christian de Portzamparc with which are well beyond the metropolitan metropolis of tomorrow. Didier Martin and Daniel Behar; Jean Nouvel / Jean-Marie Duthilleul / Michel Cantal-Dupart; Studio 09_ (Bernardo area. Secchi and Paola Vigano); Equipe LIN (Finn Geipel + Giulia Furthermore, major public transit Andi); Groupe Descartes; MVRDV (Winy Maas) with ACS and AAF; Antoine Grumbach and associates + Jean-Robert Mazaud The very size of Grand Paris, projects – the ”double ring“ created its expanse and fragmentation give by the Grand Paris Society and Arc rise to many dysfunctions: mobility Express developed by the Ile-de- problems, housing shortage, urban France region – will be up for public sprawl, problematic relationship discussion in the fall of 2010. The with Nature, social tensions, lack Workshop’s efforts should soon be of metropolitan identity… reinforced by the inclusion of regional communities in its governance and Given these difficulties, an international financing, in close cooperation announcement of bidding launched with the l’APUR (Atelier Parisien in 2008 by the President of the Republic d’Urbanisme) and the IAU (Institut and guided by the Ministry of Culture d’Aménagement et d’Urbanisme and Communication enabled de la region d’Ile-de-France). 10 multidisciplinary teams of architects, The Workshop also continues urban planners, economists and to organise the Europan competition, researchers – some 500 people – the 2010 edition of which brought to work for nine months to produce together 2,500 teams of young European a considerable number of proposals architects, and the POPSU (Plateforme and projects for Greater Paris, with d’Observation des Projets et Stratégies an eye towards the post-Kyoto Urbaines) programme of research sustainable metropolis. These results on cities. were put on display for the public in spring 2009 at the Cité de The Workshop’s frame of reference is l’Architecture et du Patrimoine. defined in a bundle of seven strategic In order to get this capital of ideas, focuses encompassing 131 proposals representing 6,000 pages of documents, defining a metropolitan project, which plans and drawings, to bear fruit, do not exhaust the diversity and a Greater Paris International Workshop originality of the proposals and was held in February 2010 at the Palais viewpoints expressed by the members de Tokyo, a public space for of the Scientific Counsel: experimentation and creativity. 1. An overall and multidisciplinary Supported by a scientific council vision / 2. An ambitious and shared made up of the 10 teams that Greater Paris / 3. An intense Greater The Annulaire, a fast train connecting the suburbs Metropolitan infrastructure Atelier de Portzamparc / Institut d’urbanisme de Paris Rogers Stirk Harbour+Partners / London School of Economics / ARUP

Greater Paris Solar Park Greater Paris, gentle metropolis Metropolis Seine: Paris, Rouen, Le Havre Promoting 20 sustainable cities in Metropolitan France. Groupe Descartes / ENSA de la ville MVRDV avec ACS + AAF LIN - Finn Geipel + Giulia Andi Antoine Grumbach & Associés et territoires à Marne-la-Vallée / École nationale des Ponts & Chaussées, Université de Marne-la-Vallée

Segment of the “green crossing” strategic project TTGL (Very very Large Louvre) Paris 13th: transformation by raising the height and adding La Courneuve Park, in the image of Central Park and trial for the “porous city” l’AUC - Djamel Klouche new tower blocks. AJN - Jean Nouvel/AREP - Jean-Marie Duthilleul / Atelier Castro Denissof Casi Studio 09 - Bernardo Secchi e Paola Vigano ACD - Michel Cantal-Dupart 28

The Metropolises Bordeaux Metropolis 50,0 0 0 housing units Bordeaux Euratlantique project is the centred on public transit bridgehead, and on the other hand Population: 720,000 the arrows of mass transit, near which Bordeaux 27 municipalities First specific example: the Urban the Urban Community wants to build 55,000 ha, half classified as natural Community of Bordeaux has just a more compact and dense city. or farm space approved an ambitious programme 368,000 jobs to build 50,000 housing units centring on public transit, and for this purpose Zooming in on Development of the tramway and to launch a call for applicants to join a few major projects overhaul of the Left Bank docks multidisciplinary teams focused on in Bordeaux are markers emblematic architects and urban planners. - Creation of the LGV South Europe of the way the Bordeaux metropolis In order to produce tomorrow’s city Atlantic high-speed line which will has begun moving. This renewal quickly and intelligently, the idea is to put Bordeaux within 2 hours of Paris is more than just these development work on negotiated urban in 2016 efforts, however, the Bordeaux development and to proceed through - 34 km of tramway delivered partly in metropolis today is swarming with projects rather than by urban 2013, partly in 2017/2018, joining the 44 projects and initiatives. Because the planning. This announcement of existing km put into service from the world is changing at accelerated bidding is also asking how the city Bacalan Bastide vertical-lift bridge speed, experiencing the full shock should be rebuilt, by interconnecting in late 2012 of an economic and social crisis made the issues of quality and architectural - Bordeaux Euratlantique linked with worse by an environmental crisis, the innovation, implementing innovative the arrival of the LGV (2.5 million m² Urban Community is at the same time settings, unblocking new sources built in just under 20 years, including looking for new models, even if they of financing, and inventing new ways 15-16,000 housing units), tidal basin go against today’s grain: getting out of inhabiting areas: using abandoned (guide plan by Nicolas Michelin, 5,400 of the mould of the franchised city roads and rail lines, urbanising housing units planned) in Bordeaux, to rehabilitate the attractions single-function sites (university domain) Bastide Niel (2,400 housing units of specialised areas, to reconquer and large commercial zones, planned, Darwin creative economics urban space by its peripheries, densification of neighbourhoods and project, urban project management to build a gentle city more accessible urban outlying areas located near assigned to Winy Maas) in Bordeaux, to all, to expand the possibilities large natural spaces… Grand Arena hall in Floirac… of finding housing at a reasonable distance from one’s job, for all social categories, and to rethink the place Population of one million of natural spaces… in the medium term

The Urban Community of Bordeaux wants to reach a population of one million in the mid-term, while refocusing its development on the agglomerated part of its territory. This project can be illustrated by the metaphor of the bow and arrows: on the one hand, the bow of sustainable development led by the city of Bordeaux – 20,000 new housing units produced within 20 years – of which the Bordeaux

Le Domaine de Sérillan, chemin des Plateaux, Floirac, 2005-2006. Architects Sophie Dugravier and Emmanuelle Poggi Les Chais, Cours du Médoc, Bordeaux, 2009. Architect: Bernard Bühler

Wet docks. Architect: Nicolas Michelin et Associés Wet docks. Architect: Nicolas Michelin et Associés

Bordeaux 2046. Architect: AREP Transport System Map, Bordeaux 2046. Architect: AREP 32

The Metropolises Greater Lyon in numbers At the crossroads of Europe, Greater There are several challenges to be Lyon is heightening its attractiveness faced: innovation and economic 57 municipalities covering 51,500 with large structural projects focusing dynamism. Lyon hectares, in the heart of Rhône-Alpes, on its international openness. Greater Lyon seeks to promote the France’s second-largest region with implementation of strategies just over 5 million residents. Supporting economic dynamism, coordinated among universities, the building a human-scale agglomeration, grandes écoles, research centres, Population of 1,748,300 in 2006, or 80% making the environment a powerful competitiveness centres and of the urban population in the Rhône, engine for its development: that is the companies. rising steadily over the last 10 years. path taken by Greater Lyon. Development and connectivity: 1 international airport, 1 commercial There are many innovative projects Greater Lyon is betting on multipolar airport, 2 TGV stations downtown, contributing to the success of these development to build a human-scale more than 200,000 m² of exhibition objectives: from the City of Lyon whole. The flourishing of great area between the Cité Internationale Part-Dieu to the creation of the new cultural events is an important focus designed by Renzo Piano, Eurexpo Confluence neighbourhood, from of this Euro-metropolitan construction. and the Tony Garnier Market Hall. development of the Saône’s banks They are European-wide signals that to Décines… Greater Lyon now has make this region a dynamic and 62 billion Euro in estimated GDP in some of the most ambitious urban attractive social-infrastructure area. 2007 (Lyon-Rhône-Alpes GDP equal works projects under way in all to those of Madrid, Rome or Frankfort). of Europe.

Approximately 35,700 Euro in average Lyon is changing form, as in the uses GDP per resident (compared with of the city for all those who live there 24,900 Euro on average for the Europe or visit.. The first great metropolis in of 27). Europe to have launched a free bicycle service, Lyon basis its consistency on About 790,000 jobs. the basis of social and regional solidarity that takes the form of housing, 5 competitiveness centres, including mixed use, relocation, transit… two international ones: Lyon Biopôle, Sustainable development is the in the areas of life sciences and principle underlying all of its efforts. infectious diseases; Axelera in chemistry and the environment. In order to face tomorrow’s issues, Greater Lyon has for some years now In November 2009, for the fifth applied a Euro-metropolitan strategy consecutive year, the magazine with its partner regions of metropolitan L’Entreprise declared Lyon the most Saint-Etienne and Porte de l’Isère. business-attractive agglomeration with a population of more than 500,000. Project on the water. Clément Vergely : architect – Maurizio Nanucci : artist Jakob+MacFarlane

Herzog & de Meuron - Michel Desvigne, landscape designer for Lyon Confluence Herzog & de Meuron - Michel Desvigne, landscape designer for Lyon Confluence

The part-Dieu. Architect: l’AUC – Djamel Klouche Analysis of the existing situation : stratified space. Architect: l’AUC – Djamel Klouche 36

The Metropolises The Marseille Metropolis: The Euroméditerranée National support for local associations,…), a metropolis on the move Interest Operation major improvement in the quality of mass transit service (metro, tram, Marseille In recent years, the socioeconomic Since 1995, the Euroméditerranée TER, bus, bicycle,…), creation concept of the Marseille metropolis National Interest Operation, covering of quality, suitably sized public has been marked by a growth 480 ha in downtown Marseille, has facilities, not to mention the shared dynamic as illustrated by several been seeking to: governance of Euroméditerranée, aspects: - add an international dimension a mark of efficiency. - a population increase (whereas the to the Marseille Metropolis city lost 100,000 residents between - conduct a vast urban-renewal These good results still need to be 1975 and 1995, today it is gaining back operation in the heart of Marseille expanded to enable Marseille, an average of 5,000 annually). - promote the arrival of new France’s second-largest city, and - accelerated housing production (the companies and the creation of new France’s and the Mediterranean’s city went from an annual pace of jobs leading port, to play its role in 3,000 to 5,000 new units) - allow the creation of housing and a Mediterranean space where new - a significant increase in the facilities and the development issues are taking shape. metropolis’s image and attractiveness of public spaces The operation’s geographic location (a study done by Ernst & Young on - promote a mode of sustainable in the city gives it a strategic position, a sample of 200 French and foreign urbanisation: mass transit, facilities, closely interrelated to several major company executives reveals that soft modes sectors in the metropolitan area: Marseille is considered the city that - serve as anchor point for Marseille’s the centre city, around the Old Port has most improved its attractiveness economic development and the Canebière, the city’s historic over the last five years) - become a platform for trade between and emblematic heart, where renewal - an increase in investments and new Europe and the Mediterranean should speed up with the naming companies (in 2005 and 2006 of Marseille as the European capital Marseille welcomes the two biggest Its governance completely of culture for 2013. foreign service-industry companies – encompasses local communities (City Monster and Expedia – winning these of Marseille, Urban Community projects away from Barcelona) of Marseille Provence Métropole, - accelerated tourism, especially in General Council of Bouches-du- the area of cruises (more than 500,000 Rhône, PACA Regional Council) and cruise ship passengers welcomed to the State. Marseille in 2008). After 12 years, the Euroméditerranée In general, the metropolis is catching National Interest Operation has been up its backwardness in several areas. an undeniable success. It has fulfilled Many investments have been made in its threefold mission of urban transport systems, competitiveness redevelopment and economic and centres, the port, tourism and cultural social development: a major reduction facilities. in unemployment in its region For all these investments, a decision (creation of 18,500 jobs – 7,300 net was made to promote redensification jobs), considerable increase of the urbanised area rather than to in Marseille’s attractiveness and take over more natural space. This positioning in the ranking of large decision is one of the fundamental European metropolises, strong points that give the city’s investment integration of resident populations dynamic in a sustainable- (housing renovations by OPAH and development focus. ANRU, construction of more than 2,800 new units, 30% of them subsidised, The docks of Arenc. Architects: Ateliers Jean Nouvel/ Ateliers Lion / Jean-Baptiste Pietri / C+T architecture The Velodrome Stadium. Architects: SCAU / Didier Rogeon

La Corniche. Architects : François Leclercq Architectes Urbanistes with Agence TER, Marciano Architecture, Sbriglio Architectes, SETEC Greater Marseille. Architects: François Leclercq Architectes Urbanistes with Agence TER, Marciano Architecture, Sbriglio Architectes, SETEC

The coast - Marseille The coast – The harbour of Marseille 40

The Metropolises Over the last 20 years, the Nantes plan: the design for an eco-metropolis new forms of development, less Saint-Nazaire metropolis has been whose regional consistency plan greedy for natural resources, so that transformed, symbolically and (SCOT) outlines the major this ”small planet“ can contribute Nantes physically, by varied projects, orientations: to saving the big one. imagined at the scale of the large - space-saving urban development Saint- territory: - perpetuation of the green and blue In the 20th century, the urbanisation patern of Nantes was achieved by partially Port City urban projects in Saint- - enhanced attractiveness of the filling in the river and then turning Nazaire Nazaire and Ile de Nantes: eco-metropolis at the European level the city’s back on it; its banks were Estuary Event 2007, 2009, 2012, merger - a determination to stimulate the turned over to the port and to industry. of the Chambers of Commerce and eco-metropolis’s energy performance After the War, Saint-Nazaire also was Industry of Nantes and Saint-Nazaire, rebuilt with its back to the sea and creation of Métrocéane: a fare ticket An ambition that takes shape in to the Loire. common to urban, interurban and rail a chain of specific and highly varied It was the idea of the Nantes Saint- transit, joint university, shared projects: development projects, Nazaire metropolis, launched in the Strategic Planning (single SCOT environmental projects, economic 1960’s, that gave back to the two cities [regional consistency plan]), projects, relocation projects, tourist their natural centre of gravity. Taking metropolitan conference, joint review and cultural projects… into account their history and (Public Place), etc. The scale of the Nantes Saint-Nazaire geography in order to forge a common metropolis is needed to bring together destiny turned them back towards the This metropolis with its population all the facets of a 21st century city river that joins them and the sea that of 800,000 is striving to reconcile its approaching a population of one borders them. As a hyphen, the estuary vigorous development with the million so that it is lived by them becomes the heart of the future Atlantic quality of its environment. And this without their always being aware of metropolis. The shore is no longer strategy recently earned it recognition it: dense and scattered housing, a peripheral tourist area but one of its from the State as an EcoCity. transport infrastructure, large-scale components, with natural sites to be facilities, industries, retail districts, preserved and a working population Nantes Saint-Nazaire is one of the service-industry areas, agriculture, to be welcomed. rare examples in France of a two- large natural sites, public gardens… Claiming the status of a metropolis headed metropolis, and more general Seeing big is not an end in itself. is not an end unto itself, nor a title of the organisation of shared It is what makes it possible to have of glory; it means affirming a desire development at the level of a large a diversity of situations capable to grow more efficiently by concentrating region. of meeting the population’s various activities and skills. By promoting an Of course, this Nantes Saint-Nazaire expectations. exchange of ideas and talent, and eco-metropolis is part of broader For all these reasons the Nantes also by facilitating access to the metropolitan relationships initiated Saint-Nazaire metropolis is a ”small resources necessary for any kind of by the State’s agencies in the 1990’s planet” that reflects the complexity innovation. and maintained today by the elected of the world and is limited like it. officials of Nantes, Saint-Nazaire, It must at once welcome a growing Angers, Brest and Rennes. Nantes and population, be a production site, Rennes today form the backbone reduce greenhouse gases and of this network of cities. preserve that biodiversity of which it is, thanks to the estuary and it’s Over the past 20 years, the Nantes appendages, one of the world’s great Saint-Nazaire metropolis has been places. Happily, its dimension built of places, times and spaces of remains at a human scale, i.e., governance, enabling it today to lay controllable. This makes it possible out a shared strategic development to act concretely on the necessary Aerial view – The harbour of Saint-Nazaire The Loire – isthmus

Misconceivable, Erwin Wurm, Estuary 2007 creation, Le Pellerin. Villa Cheminée, Tatzu Nishi, Estuary 2009 creation, Cordemais

Ile-de-Nantes, Eastern tip Ile-de-Nantes, Western tip 44

INTRODUCTION TO ’A’A’ The French Pavilion Ricciotti (issue 377) and Winy Maas CYRILLE POY Editor-in-chief of L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui extended in Since 1930, L’Architecture (issue 378), Dominique Perrault Cyrille Poy is a journalist specialising in city policy, urban d’Aujourd’hui has been the magazine becomes the fifth invited editor-in- development, sustainable development and architecture. L’Architecture of reference for French and chief under the new A’A’ formula. Professional background: international architecture. Dominique Perrault and Cyrille Poy With a DEUG in law and a degree in philosophy, from 1999 to d’Aujourd’hui 2008 Cyrille Poy was a journalist with the daily newspaper wanted to METROPOLIS ? theme to L’Humanité in the areas of city policy, urban development, Every two months it offers imbue every feature and sequence in sustainable development, architecture and contemporary art. He directed or co-directed several supplements devoted to to professionals in architecture, the magazine rather than treat it as housing and sustainable development and organised several design and construction, a resolutely a single feature. debates on behalf of L’Humanité. From 2001 to 2003, Cyrille Poy participated along with Olivier different view of their field: it detects And so it is a “normal” ’A’A’ while at Leclercq, Cyrille Hanappe and Carine Merlino in the radio trends, dialogues with what the same time an exceptional one that broadcast Actes et Cités dedicated to architecture and urban development. At the same time, he was a member of the is happening now, the arts and will take into account the review they editorial board and editor of the free quarterly magazine +33 sciences… developed together for this issue. 01 dedicated to contemporary creativity. Since 2004, Cyrille Poy has been asked to chair or organise The content for A’A’ was designed to colloquia, seminars and debates on city architecture and It conveys and arouses professional complement the content presented in policy. In particular, he conceived and hosted Échanges Métropolitains (http://www.pavillon-arsenal.com/metropole/), debates, sheds light on young talent, the Pavilion. Each article asks a series of debates devoted to Greater Paris, at the Arsenal travels around the globe, shares its questions about or provides a form of Pavilion, between February and April, 2009. Cyrille Poy is also involved in architecture schools excitement and features articles that critical illustration of the thousand (Saint-Étienne, Nantes, Versailles) where he runs writing take a new look at contemporary and one aspects of the metropolitan workshops. issues. Each issue of ‘A’A’ is reality. Currently: an invitation to surprise and The urban architectural, political, Cyrille Poy was asked to consider the conception and hosting of a series of debates at the French Pavilion for the Venice questioning. This is a magazine for artistic, critical and social dimension Architecture Biennale. ”lookers“ that invites them to see and of French metropolises (Paris / «Grand Bibliography: - La ville écologique: contribution pour une architecture think in different ways about the Paris», Bordeaux, Lyon, Marseille, durable, editor, Editions AAM, 2009. worlds of architectural and urban Nantes Saint-Nazaire), and foreign - Les nouveaux albums des jeunes architectes: 2005/2006, editor, Jean-Michel Place Editions, 2006. creativity and thought. (São Paulo, Mumbai, Singapore) - Les nouveaux albums des paysagistes: 2005/2006, editor, metropolises is examined by means Jean-Michel Place Editions, 2006. - La rue est à nous… tous, editor, collective work, Édition An influential magazine now of plans, images, maps, reports, data Au Diable Vauvert, 2007. undergoing a rebirth under the and interviews with mayors and - La vérité sur les beaux bars, hors série du Poulpe, novel, Isthmes Édition, 2005. tutelage of its editor-in-chief, Cyrille various specialist critics (urban Poy, the ‘A’A’ is supported by planners, architects, NGO members). Recognition: On June 24, 2010, Cyrille Poy received the “Publications a prestigious editorial committee pen One feature is devoted to the Medal” awarded by the Académie de l’Architecture. to architects, critics and designers metropolitan projects of the (Jean Nouvel, Franck Gehry, Jean- Dominique Perrault Agency (DPA) Philippe Vassal, Anne Lacaton, through the theme of the void that Philippe Starck, Shigeru Ban…). underlies his entire design and critical proposal for the French Pavilion. ‘A’A’ ISSUE 379: METROPOLIS ? The issue will also include an exclusive interview with Kazuyo Issue 379 of L’Architecture Sejima (SANAA Agency), general d’Aujourd’hui (’A’A’) is devoted to the curator for the Venice Architecture METROPOLIS ? theme. Biennale, introducing the Biennale’s After Patrice Goulet (issue 374), latest news and the METROPOLIS ? Frédéric Gilli (issue 376), Rudy theme. Paris City Metropolis France city Void 26% Built 74% Metropolis Void 86% Built 14%

Types of voids

The Built The Eiffel Tower neighbourhood: the solid and the void

The Paris Marathon The Green Hand Garden, Paris 19th 48

As a reminder, the previous editions of the The Ministry of Culture and Communication Culturesfrance International Architecture Exhibitions: Ministry monitors the work and working conditions of Operator - 2008 (11th edition), architects. It applies legislation concerning of the french representation “GénéroCité” / Curator: Francis Rambert of Culture them to support them throughout their careers. - 2006 (10th edition), The Ministry of Culture and Communication “Metavilla” / Curator: Patrick Bouchain and Communication led the international Greater Paris Culturesfrance is the operator appointed by - 2004 (9th edition), announcement of bidding launched by the the Ministries of Foreign and European Affairs “Sustainable Metamorpheses” / Curator: President of the Republic, which, for nine Françoise-Hélène Jourda The Ministry of Culture and Communication months, mobilised ten multidisciplinary teams and Culture and Communication for formulates, coordinates and assesses State international cultural exchange. on the issue of the Parisian metropolis and the www.culturesfrance.com policy in the areas of architecture, archives, greater region. Its operational policy has three major aspects: museums and monumental and archaeological - Presenting French creativity in the diversity heritage, through the Heritage Office. of its forms and in the areas of the stage and The efforts of the Ministry of Culture and entertainment arts, the visual arts, Communication in the area of project The Ministry of Culture and Communication’s management relies on the expertise of the architecture, books and writing, missions include promoting architectural the cinematographic heritage, and cultural Heritage Office. It works on the policy to save creativity and quality, and its efforts in the and develop sites and ensures that the quality engineering. area of architecture focus on three areas: - Attention paid to world cultures, their of architecture and protection of the heritage - training and supporting the men and women are taken into account in planning and reception in France, and cooperation and who make and will make architecture their dialogue with them. Culturesfrance carrying out regional, landscape and city profession, from students to the great, development projects. is concerned with its European grounding, renowned architects; the development of the French-speaking world, - bringing alive quality architecture for project and promoting cultural diversity around The work of the Ministry of Culture and managers, whether public or private; Communication is not limited to recognising the world. - spreading architecture and making it known - Developing its expertise and its efforts with professionals and architecture; It also among all audiences nationally and disseminates architectural culture in a the French cultural and cooperation network internationally. abroad, regional communities, multilateral perspective of leadership and development. It also develops broadcast facilities, supports and European bodies, Francophone Within the Ministry of Culture and or otherwise, the private sector, major French and leads promotional efforts for all Communication, the Heritage Office oversees audiences, in France and internationally, and, and foreign institutions and with all their twenty French national architecture schools creators, authors, operators and partners finally, it contributes to publications and and ensures their students of a quality initial audiovisual productions aimed at enhancing in cultural and artistic exchanges. education as part of recognised higher the importance of architecture and the issues education in Europe. This requirement is an involved. This policy is carried out in concert In the area of architecture, Culturesfrance, essential condition for bringing up new through its Artistic Exchange and Cooperation with the all of the Ministry’s local departments generations of professionals who are effective and public institutions. The Ministry seeks to Department, focuses on three areas of action in their ability to face the major European to promote French architecture and the promote through its efforts in service of the issues in architecture, through multiple entire profession the creativity and contemporary landscape abroad: attendance opportunities for being professional architects. at major international gatherings; producing inventiveness that are the strength of French architects around the world. and circulating exhibitions abroad (six, Held for young professionals also takes the currently); missions by French professionals form of programmes to promote young talents to promote exchanges of expertise and a in the areas of architecture and landscape, debate of ideas on architecture and landscape. taken nationally and Europe-wide. The All of these efforts are carried out in close European extension of these “albums of young cooperation with the Ministry of Culture and architects and landscape architects” and the Communication - Heritage Office. efforts to promote access to architecture After the São Paulo 8th International competitions for young students and Architecture Biennale and the forthcoming professionals, demonstrates this desire to Lisbon Architecture Triennale (2010), support architects as they are starting out. Culturesfrance is once again the operator behind the French presence at the 2010 Venice Architecture Bienniale, for which it participates in selecting the curator, who formulates the artistic design. Bordeaux City Metropolis France CITY Void 30% Built 70% METROPOLIS Void 89% Built 11%

Types of voids

City Metropolis France

The docks Bassens 52 French presence Award of the 2 010 AFEX Exhibition Grand Prix “From object to city with at Palazzo Zorzi, the UNESCO the École Nationale Supérieure in Venise des Arts Décoratifs” headquarters, At the Istituto Veneto di Scienze on August 27 at 7PM Lettere ed Arti Palazzo Loredan, Opening of the photographic Campo Santo Stefano. exhibition presenting distinguished Jean-Louis Pradel, Curator. projects, in collaboration Fifteen young designers demonstrate with Agence VU - Abvent Group. the 10 fields of specialisation taught Release of the special issue of AMC - by the school: interior architecture, Le Moniteur Architecture. space art, animation cinema, graphic Contact design-multimedia, object design, Madeleine Houbard, textile design, clothing design, General secretary of AFEX, printed image, photo-video and Association of French Architects set design. for Export T. +33 (0)1 42 76 08 10 Contact Jennifer Biget, Communication director Workshop: T. +33 (0)1 42 34 98 35 “Construction (Re)start at the Venice Arsenal .” After holding a first session in 2008, LUMA Foundation Exhibition / the art, set design, and architecture Parc des Ateliers centre of the Ecole Nationale At Palazzo Ca’Giustinian, Supérieure d’Architecture of Paris Sala delle Colonne, la Villette wants to finalise San Marco 1364/A. this project during this 2010 biennale. An architectural model for a different cultural model designed by Frank Contact Xavier Juillot, Instructor O. Gehry & Gehry Partners, LLP. T. +33 (0)3 84 70 25 29 August 26 – 27, 2010 press and VIP days, 10AM to 6PM Exhibition in Italy’s Contact International Pavilion, Mustapha Bouhayati presenting the ten projects that won T. +33 (0)6 10 57 38 99 the GAUDI competition, the European student competition for sustainable architecture, 2nd session 2009-2010. IN THE INTERNATIONAL PART Launch of the 2011-2012 competition. Mrs. Kazuyo Sejima, Biennale Curator, Contact officially invited 2 French architecture Marie-Hélène Contal, firms to participate in this: Deputy director of IFA, François Roche, R&Sie(n), Institut français d’architecture – e-mail: [email protected] Cité de l’architecture et du patrimoine Berger&Berger, T. +33 (0)1 58 51 52 00 e-mail: [email protected] Lyon City Metropolis France CITY Void 19% Built 81% METROPOLIS Void 84% Built 16%

Solid and void Streets and roads

The Rhône docks The city outskirts 56

FRENCH PAVILION EXHIBITION | FILMS Michel Jacques | Publications Director Rudy Ricciotti | HTVS-Franck Vella | Nantes Saint-Nazaire Project’s Eve Mathieu | Audience and Visitor Officer Clément Vergely | Jean-Paul Viguier | Erick INSTITUTIONS Bernard Kouchner Paris «Grand Paris» Exhibited architects van Egeraat | Hervé Vincent | Jean-Michel City of Nantes Minister of Foreign INSTITUTIONS Agence Saint-Projet | Luc Arsène-Henry & Wilmotte Jean-Marc Ayrault | Deputy-Mayor of Nantes actors & and European Affairs Atelier international du Grand Paris Alain Triaud Exhibited artists Saint-Nazaire City Frédéric Mitterrand et des projets architecturaux et urbains With Sophie Dugravier | L’Atelier Philippe Cazal | Fabrice Hyber | Krijn de Joël-Guy Batteux | Mayor of Saint-Nazaire partners Minister of Culture Bertrand Lemoine | Managing Director provisoire | Yves Ballot and Nathalie Koning | Mauricio Nanucci | Fred Rubin et Nantes Metropolis urban Community and Communication Rogers Stirk Harbour+Partners | London Franck | Bernard Bühler | Florence Champiot Gérard Traquandi | Trafik Jean-Marc Ayrault | President School of Economics | ARUP | Groupe | Oriane Deville | Sophie Dugravier and “Lyon Confluence 2” Conurbation committee of the Overall coordination Descartes | City and Region ENSA in Emmanuelle Poggi | Xaveer De Geyter | Project urban planners nazaire region and estuary Marne-la-Vallée | École nationale des Ponts Fabre/deMarien | Nathalie Franck | Jean de Herzog & De Meuron Joël-Guy Batteux | President CULTURESFRANCE, OPERATOR & Chaussées, University of Marne-la- Giacinto | Patrick Hernandez | Raphaëlle MDP Michel Desvigne Paysagiste Urban planning agency of the Nantes Jean Guéguinou | President Vallée | l’AUC - Djamel Klouche | Hondelatte and Mathieu Laporte | “CONTEMPORARY METROPOLITAN HUB agglomeration Olivier Poivre d’Arvor | Director Portzamparc Workshop | Institut Christophe Hutin with Nicolas Hubrecht | GRAND LYON, LA PART-DIEU” Jacques Floch | President Aldo Herlaut | General Secretary d’urbanisme de Paris | Antoine Grumbach Christophe Hutin with Ronan Lacroix | Exhibited architects Jean-Pascal Hébrard | Director of studies Sophie Renaud | Director of the Department et Associés | AJN - Jean Nouvel | AREP - Charles-Édouard Jeanneret aka Le l’AUC and projects of Artistic Exchanges and Cooperation Jean-Marie Duthilleul | ACD - Michel Corbusier | OMA Rem Koolhaas | Anne François Decoster, Djamel Klouche, Agency for sustainable development of the Artistiques (DECA) Cantal-Dupart | Studio 09 - Bernardo Secchi Lacaton & Jean-Philippe Vassal | Lanoire Caroline Poulin nazaire region Alain Reinaudo | Advisor e Paola Viganò | LIN - Finn Geipel + Giulia and Courrian | Leibar and Seigneurin | Nicolas Terrassier | Director for the visual arts and architecture, deputy Andi | Atelier Castro Denissof Casi | Emmanuelle Lesgourgues | Martin y Zentol | Marseille Loïc Jauvin | Director of urban project director of DECA MVRDV with ACS + AAF David Pradel | Christian de Portzamparc | INSTITUTIONS programming Monica Lebrao Sendra | Architecture Cité de l’architecture et du patrimoine Pascale de Tourdonnet and Philippe City of Marseille Nantes Metropolis Development Director - Department Artistic Exchanges François de Mazières | President of La Cité Brachard Jean-Claude Gaudin | Senator - Mayor of Franck Savage | Director and Cooperation de l'architecture et du patrimoine “TIDAL DOCKS” Marseille Sabrina Durbesic | Operations assistant Fanny Aubert Malaurie | Francis Rambert | President of the Institut Exhibited Architect Marseille Provence Metropolis Atlantic west metropolis development Director, Communication & Partnership Français d’Architecture Agence Nicolas Michelin et associés urban Community company Didier Vuillecot | Sponsorship Director - Anne-Marie Le Guevel | Deputy Managing Nicolas Michelin Architect Eugène Caselli | President Laurent Théry | Managing Director Communication & Partnership Department Director “TRANSPORTATION” Euroméditerranee public institution Soizick Angomard | Deputy Managing Marie-Ange Munoz | Press attaché - Atelier Parisien d’Urbanisme Exhibited architect Guy Teissier | President Director Communication & Partnership Department Francis Rol-Tanguy | Director AREP Franck Geiling | Director, Architecture and Lenaïc Le Bars | Communication and Institut d’aménagement et d’urbanisme Jean-Marie Duthilleul Architect Urban Planning coordination officer MINISTRY OF CULTURE d’Ile-de-France Marie-Claude Paoli | Director of “TERRITORY” AND COMMUNICATION François Dugény | General Manager Lyon Communication and Cooperation Coordinator Philippe Bélaval | Heritage Director “Greater Pari(s). Strategies for INSTITUTIONS “METROPOLIS IN MOTION” Agency for sustainable development of the Jean Gautier | Director, deputy to the the future of the parisian metropolis” City of Lyon Coordinators nazaire region Heritage Director, responsible for Exhibited architects Gérard Collomb | Senator-Mayor of Lyon François Leclercq architectes-urbanistes Loic Jauvin | Director of urban project architecture Rogers Stirk Harbour+Partners | London The urban Community of Greater Lyon François Leclercq Architect programming Bruno Favel | Head of the Department of School of Economics | ARUP | Groupe Gérard Collomb | President With Euroméditerranée Exhibited architects and landscape European and International Affairs Descartes | City and Region ENSA in Pascale Ammar-Khodja | Chief of Staff Exhibited architects designers François Muller | Head of the Marne-la-Vallée | École nationale des Ponts Nathalie Berthollier | Lyon Part-Dieu Urban Ab | Alain Amédéo | Atelier des Gares | Gilles Clément | LIN-Finn Geipel, Giulia Communication Department & Chaussées, University of Marne-la- Project Ateliers Lion | Ateliers Jean Nouvel | Andi | Claude Vasconi Vallée | l’AUC - Djamel Klouche | Lyon Confluence SPLA Anthony Béchu | Boeri Studio | Bulteau and Exhibiting artist Curators Portzamparc Workshop | Institut Gérard Collomb | President Nassif | Eric Castaldi | CONCEPTO | C+T Felice Varini Dominique Perrault | Architect - Urbanist d’urbanisme de Paris | Antoine Grumbach Jean-Pierre Gallet | Managing Director Architecture | Michel Desvignes | Di Pol | “NANTES SAINT-NAZAIRE ESTUARY” With et Associés | AJN - Jean Nouvel | AREP - Benoît Bardet | Communication Officer Jean-Marie Duthilleul | Jacques Ferrier | Coordinator Cyrille Poy | Editor-in-chief Jean-Marie Duthilleul | ACD - Michel With Nova Culture Bruno Fortier | Norman Foster | Le Lieu Unique of L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui Cantal-Dupart | Studio 09 - Bernardo Secchi Garance Schelcher | Associate Director Massimiliano Fuksas | Jean-Sébastien Jean Blaise | Director Richard Copans | Director, e Paola Viganò | LIN - Finn Geipel + Giulia “Lyon Confluence 1” Goetschy | Zaha Hadid | Franck Jean Blaise, David Moinard, Virginie Producer and Founder of Les Films d’Ici Andi | Atelier Castro Denissof Casi | Coordinator Hammoutène | Ilex | INGEROP | François Pringuet | Artistic Programming MVRDV avec ACS + AAF Lyon Confluence SPLA Kern | Kern & associés | Kengo Kuma | Jean de Loisy | Artistic Advisor Project urban planners and landscape Michel Petiaud Letang | Lehoux-Phily- Stéphanie Olivier | Communication officer Bordeaux designers Samaha | Jean-Pierre Manfredi | Masson | Exhibiting artists INSTITUTIONS Atelier Grether architecte-urbaniste | Mathoulin et Jardin | Laurent Mathoulin | Angela Bulloch | Daniel Buren et Patrick Bordeaux urban community François Grether | MDP Michel Desvigne Jean-Baptiste Pietri | Bernard Reichen | Bouchain | Gilles Clément | Jimmie Durham | Vincent Feltesse | President Paysagiste | Herzog & De Meuron | Rudy Ricciotti | Didier Rogeon | SCAU | Jeppe Hein | Rolf Julius | Tadashi Kawamata | Hélène Fribourg | Communication Director Atelier Ruelle Corinne Vezzoni | Jean-Michel Wilmotte Ange Leccia | Kinya Maruyama | François Franck Tallon | Artistic Director With the participation of Georges “PARALLEL ROUTES” Morellet | Tatzu Nishi | Roman Signer | City of Bordeaux Verney-Carron Coordinator Felice Varini | Atelier Van Lieshout | Alain Juppé | Mayor of Bordeaux Exhibited architects François Leclercq architectes-urbanistes Erwin Wurm Michèle Laruë-Charlus | Director of Vincenzo Amantea | Combarel-Marrec - François Leclercq Architecte “ILE-DE-NANTES, EURONANTES” Development Emmanuel Combarel | Tania Concko | Exhibited architects Coordinator Bordeaux Metropolis Aquitaine urban Atelier de la Rize-Albert Constantin | François Leclercq Architectes-Urbanistes Atlantic west metropolis development planning agency Coop und Himmelblau | ADR-Georges With Agence TER | Marciano Architecture | company Jean-Marc Offner | Director Descombes | Odile Decq | Massimiliano Sbriglio Architectes | SETEC Nantes Métropole amenagement “HOUSING” Fuksas | Pierre Gautier | Manuelle “COASTAL Scenary” urban planner Coordinator Gautrand | Dominique Jakob et Brendan Coordinators Atelier de l’Ile-de-Nantes, Alexandre Arc-en-Rêve Centre d’architecture Mac Farlane | Dusapin-Lecercq-François François Leclercq architectes-urbanistes Chemetoff François Barré | President Leclercq | MVRDV - Winy Maas | Atelier de François Leclercq Architect Exhibited architects Francine Fort | Director Portzamparc Christian de Portzamparc | With Euroméditerranée Atelier Canal | Atelier de l’Ile-de-Nantes, Marseille City Metropolis France CITY Void 51% Built 49% METROPOLIS Void 87% Built 13%

Types of voids

Old Port neighbourhood Solid Void

View of Notre Dame de la Garde Marignane-Beach 60

Alexandre Chemetoff | Atelier Jean Nouvel | Alberto Marquardt | Chief cameraman PARTNERS PRIVATE PARTNERS Project partners Barré - Lambot | Barto+Barto | Jean-Claude Daisy Maslo | Assistant director Besseau | Construire-Nicole Concordet and Nicolas Milteau | Chief editor INSTITUTIONAL PARTNERS Associate partner Christophe Theilmann | Alter Doazan | Magali Pacher | Assistant editor Sammode Éclairage Agence européenne pour l’environnement French Global Project | Hirschberger | Anne Soy Pande | Skater Paris «Grand Paris» A family business for four generations, Alliance EGIS IOSIS Lacaton et Jean-Philippe Vassal | Lambot | Eric Saleron | Colour timer International Workshop on Greater Paris internationally renowned specialist in the Nicolas Michelin | Christian de Portzamparc | Farouk Selkim | Assistant director and Architectural and Urban projects domain of industrial lighting, for the last 20 CAB’s Jean Prouvé | Pascal Rollet | Michel Roulleau | Marie Laure Weil | Assistant director years Sammode has continually focused on Patrick Rubin | Tetrarc Bordeaux architecture. Notably through its close and Dominique Perrault Architecture Exhibiting artists Technical execution Bordeaux Urban Community longstanding collaboration with Électricité de France Daniel Buren and Patrick Bouchain | TECHNICAL SUPERVISION Dominique Perrault, which began with the François Morellet Philippe Zimmermann Lyon Bibliothèque Nationale de France, and has Emilien Debaecke, CORPORATE City of Lyon continued straight through to the Madrid Géographie et Géomatique Films Audiovisual: Missionvideo, France | Urban Community of Greater Lyon Tennis Stadium (the “Caja Magica” or “METROPOLIS ?” Mirorrs: Supply, SAC-FCB, Nantes, France; magic box), by way of, among other ESRI France “PARIS ‘GRAND PARIS’ METROPOLIS” Installation, Puntoarredo, Italie | Plastic Marseille projects, the Velodrome and Olympic “LES TROIS ANNEAUX” lace: Supply, Roux, Valence, France; City of Marseille Swimming Pool in Berlin and the Court of FaberNovel “PARIS ‘GRAND PARIS‘“ Installation of stick on plastic lace, Crafth, Marseille Provence Metropolis Urban Justice of the European Communities in Forbo Flooring “BORDEAUX METROPOLIS” Valence, France; Lace Installation, Ditta Community Luxembourg. “LYON METROPOLIS” Morosin Francesco, Italie | Carpeting: Euromediterranee Public Institution Delighted to enable architects to take Institut Géographique National “MARSEILLE METROPOLIS” Carpeting supply, Forbo, France; Carpet advantage of its expertise in terms of “NANTES SAINT-NAZAIRE METROPOLIS” installation, Olivo Sergio SAS, Venise, Nantes Saint-Nazaire robustness, resistance, functionality, Institut National de l’Audiovisuel Authors Italie | Woodwork: Furniture, Ditta Morosin City of Nantes reliability, imperviousness, easy Institut National de la Statistique Dominique Perrault Francesco, Venise, Italie | Painting: Decor Nantes Metropolis Urban Community maintenance, efficiency and durability, et des Études Économiques Richard Copans SNC, Venise, Italie | Poster: Cab’s, Conurbation Committeee of the Nazaire Sammode also makes available to them all Villeurbanne, France | Fluids: Electricity, Region and Estuary the in-depth knowledge of its engineering Gruppo Industriale Tosoni Bonus CSM Impianti, Venise, Italie | Roofing: Roof Nantes Métropole Aménagement office, highly experienced in research, “WORLD METROPOLIS“ concealment, Khalouf Hussain, Venise, Atlantic West Metropolis Development experimentation and applications of Orange Authors Italie Company cutting edge technology and always Perrault Projets Dominique Perrault, Richard Copans attentive to the specific requirements and “STIM METROPOLES MILLIONNAIRES“ Press and public relations expectations of its clients. SAB-FCB. Nantes, France Authors CLAUDINE COLIN COMMUNICATION Technical quality, production capacity, l’AUC - Djamel Klouche, François Decoster, Claudine Colin traceability, purity of line and conception, Sogea Nord Ouest Caroline Poulin Anne-Sophie Decronumbourg timeless design with regard to materials; With François Alaux and Quentin Brachet + Astrid Rappel quality of understanding and adaptation, Veolia Environnement Ido Avissar reflection and integration concerning Wizardwork S.N.C. Milan, Italie Special thanks conceptual and intellectual investments, Exhibition design Patrick Bouchain | Architect these are Sammode’s quintessential Dominique Perrault | Architect - Urbanist Gilles de Bure characteristics. Media partner Gaëlle Lauriot-Prévost | Artistic director Francis Rambert A genuine partner to architects, Sammode L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui Gammon Sharpley | Translator is convinced that its intervention is as Delegated production Zoé Vayssières | Graphic designer much a matter of lighting architecture as Film Partner DOMINIQUE PERRAULT ARCHITECTURE Jean-Paul Lamoureux | Acoustician illuminating, transfiguring and giving it Les Films d’Ici Hana Kanehisa | Project management Denis Thélot | Fire safety expert light and depth. It is about playing an Jakob Sand | Architect integral role as a vital component, a basic Jeanne Despas | Architect element of architecture. Fabienne Delandemare | Public relations For more information about us, visit our Julien Fuentes | Graphic Designer Web site: www.sammode-lighting.com Léa Richard-Nagle | Communication assistant Akio Ono | Trainee Camille Prevost | Cartographer trainee With Zoé Vayssières | Graphic designer Gammon Sharpley | French-English translator Susanna Loddo | Architect, French-Italian translation

Executive production LES FILMS D’ICI Richard Copans | Images and Direction Luis Bertolo | Assistant director Stéphanie Boring | Technical manager Antoine Chazaud | Assistant director Sylvain Copans | Chief sound cameraman Bertrand Latouche | Assistant director Christophe Leray | Technical manager Nelly Mabilat | Production director Nantes Nantes Nantes City Saint-Nazaire City Nantes Saint-Nazaire Metropolis CITY Saint-Nazaire Void 28% METROPOLIS Built 72% Void 88% Saint-Nazaire Built 12% CITY Void 56% Built 44%

Types of voids

The solid and the void The presence of water

Ile de Nantes Souvenir photo: Les Anneaux, a work in situ by Daniel Buren 2007. Architect Patrick Bouchain. Nantes, Estuary 2007 permanent creation Cover P. 38-39 Venise, Gardens of the Biennale – Arsenal Copyrights © Dominique Perrault / Adagp © Ateliers Jean Nouvel / Ateliers Lion / Practical www.labiennale.org Design: Dominique Perrault, Zoé Jean-Baptiste Pietri / C+T architecture Vayssières Marseille Angle nr 4 revised credits and copyright by MIR.jpg informations and August 29 - November 21, 2010; 10AM - 6PM P. 3 © SCAU / Didier Rogeon Gardens closed Mondays (except Monday © DPA / Adagp / ESRI © MIR contacts August 30 and Monday November 15, 2010) © Architectes : François Leclercq P. 6-7 Architectes Urbanistes Arsenal closed Tuesdays (except Tuesday © DPA / Adagp avec Agence TER, Marciano August 31 and Tuesday November 16, 2010) Architecture, Sbriglio Architectes, P. 10-11 SETEC Informations: © Dominique Perrault / Adagp © Euméditerranée © C. MOIRENC T. +39 041 5218711 P. 14-15 [email protected] © DPA / Adagp P. 40-41 © G. Maccarinelli P. 18-19 © G. Maccarinelli © DPA / Adagp © IGN Communication © Dominique Macel, Ville de P. 22-23 Saint-Nazaire. Culturesfrance © DPA / Adagp / IGN © André Bocquel / Samoa Communication & Partnership © DPA / Adagp / ESRI © André Bocquel / Samoa © DPA / Adagp / IFEN Fanny Aubert Malaurie / Director / © DPA / Adagp / IFEN P. 46-47 Marie-Ange Munoz / Press attaché / © DPA / Adagp / IFEN T. +33 (0)1 53 69 83 86 P. 26-27 © DPA / Adagp / IGN [email protected] © Rogers Stirk Harbour and Partners / © DPA / Adagp / IGN London School of Economics / ARUP © Richard Copans, Les Films d’Ici © Groupe Descartes / ENSA de la ville Ministry of Culture et territoires à Marne-la-Vallée / École P. 50-51 and Communication nationale des Ponts & Chaussées, © DPA / Adagp / IFEN Heritage Office Université de Marne-le-Vallée © DPA / Adagp / MAPROOM © l’AUC - Djamel Klouche © Richard Copans, Les Films d’Ici François Muller / © Atelier de Portzamparc /Institut Head of the Communication Department d’urbanisme de Paris P. 54-55 T. +33 (0) 1 40 15 35 60 © Antoine Grumbach & Associés © DPA / Adagp / IFEN [email protected] © AJN - Jean Nouvel / AREP - Jean-Marie © DPA / Adagp / MAPROOM Duthilleul / ACD - Michel Cantal-Dupart © DPA / Adagp / IGN Jutta Nachbauer / Task officer © Studio 09 - Bernardo Secchi e Paola © Richard Copans, Les Films d’Ici T. +33 (0) 1 40 15 35 77 Vigano [email protected] © LIN - Finn Geipel + Giulia Andi P. 58-59 © Atelier Castro Denissof Casi © DPA / Adagp / IFEN © MVRDV avec ACS + AAF © DPA / Adagp / IGN International press contact © Richard Copans, Les Films d’Ici Claudine Colin Communication P. 30-31 Astrid Rappel © Agence Poggi & Dugravier P. 62-63 T. +33 (0)1 42 72 60 01 © Vincent Monthiers © DPA / Adagp / IFEN © Agence Nicolas Michelin et Associés © DPA / Adagp / IGN [email protected] © AREP, Nicolas Donnot © DPA / Adagp / BD Carthage © AREP, Vincent Donnot © DB / Adagp © Richard Copans, Les Films d’Ici P. 34-35 © Clément Vergely : architecte. Maurizio P. 68-69 Nanucci : artiste. © DPA / Adagp © Nicolas Borel © l’AUC © Herzog & de Meuron - Michel Desvigne paysagiste pour Lyon Confluence © l’AUC © Christian Sozzi, Grand Lyon, AUDALE Pictures are available on www.claudinecolin.com As cities push beyond their original boundaries some are merging into new massive conurbations known as mega- regions, urban corridors and city-regions. The world’s 40 largest mega-regions cover only a tiny fraction of the Earth’s surface and are home to fewer 18% of the world’s population. Yet, they account for 66% of global economic activity and about 85% of technological and scientific innovation.

UN Habitat state of the world’s cities 2010/2011

Stim Métropoles Millionnaires Author : l’AUC - Djamel Klouche World Metropolis www.french.pavilion-venice.com