French Pavilion Curator: Dominique Perrault 12th International Architecture Exhibition - Venice Biennale August 29 - November 21, 2010 www.french-pavilion-venice.com Press kit Contents 4 Editorial METROPOLIS ? Paris «Grand Paris» / Bordeaux / Lyon / Marseille / Nantes Saint-Nazaire 8 Background The French Pavilion at the Venice Biennale 12 Introduction METROPOLIS ? 13 Presentation METROPOLIS ? Paris «Grand Paris» / Bordeaux / Lyon / Marseille / Nantes Saint-Nazaire Concept Exhibition Design Biography of Dominique Perrault 20 Presentation METROPOLIS ? the film Seeing the void ? Biography of Richard Copans 22 The Metropolises 24 Paris «Grand Paris» 28 Bordeaux 32 Lyon 36 Marseille 40 Nantes Saint-Nazaire 44 The French Pavilion extended in L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui Introduction to ‘A’A’ Issue 379 ‘A’A’ METROPOLIS ? Biography of Cyrille Poy 48 Culturesfrance Operator of the French representation 49 Ministry of Culture and Communication 52 French presence in Venice 56 Project’s actors & Partners 67 Practical informations and contacts 4 Editorial Venice still charms, inspires and of the docks of Bordeaux, the beating welcomes to its heart every fantasy heart of Marseille, the major works METROPOLIS ? and every challenge. The French at the confluence of the rivers in Lyon, Paris «Grand Paris» Pavilion wanted to be part of this and the eco-metropolitan development tradition as it participates in the 12th of Nantes Saint-Nazaire are all changes Bordeaux International Architecture Biennale that invite us to take another look in Venice. at urban space, its occupancy and Lyon the possibilities it holds in its “folds.” Marseille This year the Pavilion’s Commissioner, At different scales, each of these Dominique Perrault, whose talent metropolises projects itself into the Nantes Saint-Nazaire crosses borders, is engaged future and into space and creates in a passionate consideration the conditions for a new urbanity. of the challenges posed by changes In the same movement, our look in the city of the 21st century. changes as the landscape Simple, straightforward and essential is transformed. questions to prolong and stimulate the metropolitan debate, which today Beyond the discontinuities and cannot be reduced to its architectural the complexities engendered dimension alone. by contemporary life, Dominique How is the city evolving ? Perrault envisages free rather than What forms does it give us to see, and vacant space, a material onto which what interpretations can the architect the architect or urban planner, like draw from it ? the painter, imagines and draws the Between full and empty, between forms to come. A free space calling for the built and the unbuilt, there are (re)construction, circulation, innovation. walkways and a dialogue to be After all, doesn’t this Biennale have constructed. as its setting a lagoon, whose Latin origin evokes something missing, The question is as much a matter of an interruption, which nonetheless substance as of form(s). For Dominique gave rise to a legendary city built Perrault, it is completely summed up between land and water ? in his “Metropolis ?”. We have to remember the dizzying verticality of his skyscrapers and the immense hustle and bustle of Fritz Lang’s city, a full and massive city, to understand the question mark suggested by Bernard Kouchner Frédéric Mitterrand the French Pavilion. The spectacular, far-reaching urban sprawl observed Minister of Foreign Minister of Culture for several decades now is not just and European Affairs and Communication an invasion of space: it has its own breathing and its breaks in rhythm. The city permanently redefines its form, and, as with any conquest, offers its new worlds and frontiers. The examination of the future of «Grand Paris», the reappropriation 8 Background Ever since the second international The French Pavilion’s architecture invited Jean Nouvel, Christian exhibition of art in the famous City was intended to recall the classical de Portzamparc and Philippe Starck The French of the Doges, the Palace of Arts, built ideal of the 17th century. In 1922, to present their proposals Pavilion expressly in the Napoleonic public a rear room was added as an extension at the pavilion for the building’s garden southeast of the city, has been to the central salon, raising reconstruction, but their proposals at the Venice too small, and the increasing the pavilion’s total area from 340 m² remained in the draft stage. numbers of foreign countries to 420 m². Source: La France à Venise, 1990, Biennale participating in the event soon In 1912, the exhibition pavilion was Association Française d’Action Artistique, wanted to have their own pavilion not yet a genre unto itself, and in Éditions Carte Segrete in the park. It began with Belgium, the absence of typological models the which in 1907 settled into a sport near architects wrought transformations, the Palace of Arts, to be followed taking inspiration from ancient shortly by Hungary. temples and villas, Slavic farms and In 1909 Great Britain inaugurated churches of all types. The building a new area, the special site of was then not so much the container a mound that overlooks the park and for an exhibition as it was the spokesman the San Marco basin to the southeast. for the nation it represented, which For the artists of the Munich Secession, is translated into the architecture a pavilion was built to the right by reference to a characteristic of the British building in 1909; historic style. in 1912 it became Germany’s official pavilion. France has had its own The Venice Biennale did not get pavilion since 1912. The work of Venetian its name until 1930, when it was moved engineer Faust Finzi, the building under the direct control of Italy’s was constructed across from the National Education Ministry and German pavilion; with the British a national figure was appointed pavilion, which closes the view on as its chairperson, replacing the city’s the mound, it forms a place reserved mayor. for the great powers, its arrangement expressing the relationships of political In 1972, for the first time the Biennale power leading up to World War I. adopted a theme: “work and behaviour”. Two years later, the Russian pavilion The first international architecture was built alongside the German exhibition was not held until 1980, pavilion. with the title “The Presence of the Past,” in the Arsenal’s rope-works. While some of the earliest pavilions (Belgian, Dutch and Spanish) were rebuilt in the 1950’s, France’s has remained unchanged to this day, even though the possibility of reconstruction was raised when the lease was renewed in 1990. That year, for the Biennale of contemporary art, with this extreme paradox – affecting the prohibited site of modernity – Jean-Louis Fromont Script concept of the film Metropolis ? THE CLOSE D CITY Streets/façades/continuous The «monument» city City/Nature The drawn city THE MODE RN Open CITY New Territories Networks/Infrastructures Housing Industry the metrOPOLI S / MULti -CenterS City Peripheral cities Peripheral cities connexion Appearance of voids Discontinuity the MODern City TRANSFORMATION The reconquest Annexing the void Protecting the void Heterogeneous THE GLOBAL METROPOLI S Cities networks France = Metropolis Acceleration France/World 12 Presentation to demonstrate that the void is indeed Introduction For Dominique Perrault, the idea the most “lived in space” and to propose of using the cinema as a medium METROPOLIS ? a reading that founds, articulates and METROPOLIS ? consisted of shedding light on his nourishes the genesis of the metropolis theory and making it immediately Paris «Grand Paris» of the 21st century. readable, and hence of projecting To illustrate his ideas, Dominique the visitor into the heart of reality. Bordeaux Perrault has invited five major actors To achieve this, feature and Lyon on the French scene: the metropolises documentary directory Richard of Bordeaux (Housing, Tidal Docks, Copans naturally came to Dominique Marseille Transportation…), Lyon (Lyon Confluences Dominique Perrault was appointed Perrault’s mind. An old and close and district of La Part Dieu…), Marseille as Curator of the French Pavilion bond (formalised by several films Nantes Saint-Nazaire (Metropolis in motion, Parallel routes, for the 12th Venice International created and made together) unites Coastal scenary…), and Nantes Biennale of Architecture. them, with the common ambition (Territory, Nantes Saint-Nazaire By selecting as his theme and entitling of making architecture, the city concept Estuary, Ile-de-Nantes, EuroNantes, his project METROPOLIS ?, Dominique and the urban space accessible the Ile-de-Nantes, planning and Perrault offers an examination to the greatest possible number Obviously, unceasing transformation development of the estuary from Nantes and view that establish and nourish of people. of urban territories has considerably to Saint-Nazaire…), as well as the Atelier the genesis of the Metropolis In the same way, rather than produce altered the perception and the reality International du Grand Paris. in the 21st century. an erudite body of published work of the city envisaged as a unified Five experiments, five ways of linking First, by focusing on the CITY (an urban in support of his concept, Dominique urban entity of defined space and built solids and voids, five proposals for unit, defined space, built form) and Perrault wanted to associate himself form. The new, increasingly complex, a definition of the metropolis no longer its transformation into with a prestigious