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Umayyad-Baalbek.Pdf
BAALBEK Baalbek The city of Baalbek is a major city in the Northern Mercury; the last of which did not survive. It its geographic location as an end of a series of Beqaa valley, approximately 85 kilometers from also includes an enormous propylaea and vast cities in the eastern Mediterranean which were Beirut. This vibrant city is famed for its Roman courtyards. The archaeological site in the city caravan stops for the commercial routes from remains of a large temple complex. It was is a UNESCO World heritage site (http://whc. Central Asia, India and China, among these cities known as Heliopolis in the Roman period. The unesco.org/en/list/294). is Palmyra in Syria. The city was also important image of six standing columns from the peristyle for the successive Muslim dynasties that ruled of the temple of Jupiter has become the icon Baalbek has been occupied by successive the eastern Mediterranean especially for the of cultural tourism in Lebanon. The original civilizations. Recent excavation dates some of Umayyads, the Ayyubids and the Mamluks. temple complex included four monumental its finds to the Bronze Age, however the Romans temples, those of Jupiter, Bacchus, Venus and gave particular attention to this site because of Visits Over the three first centuries of the first millennium the Romans constructed the temples of Baalbek. The present state of these temples does not show the original majestic view of their monumentality. However, what remains attests to the grandeur of these Roman architectural complexes. They are clustered in three major complexes: the complex of the temple of Jupiter, the complex of the temple of Bacchus, and that of the temple of Venus. -
Reflecting Antiquity Explores the Rediscovery of Roman Glass and Its Influence on Modern Glass Production
Reflecting Antiquity explores the rediscovery of Roman glass and its influence on modern glass production. It brings together 112 objects from more than 24 lenders, featuring ancient Roman originals as well as the modern replicas they inspired. Following are some of the highlights on view in the exhibition. Portland Vase Base Disk The Portland Vase is the most important and famous work of cameo glass to have survived from ancient Rome. Modern analysis of the vase, with special attention to the elongation of the bubbles preserved in the lower body, suggest that it was originally shaped as an amphora (storage vessel) with a pointed base. At some point in antiquity, the vessel suffered some damage and acquired this replacement disk. The male figure and the foliage on the disk were not carved by the same Unknown artist that created the mythological frieze on the vase. Wearing a Phrygian cap Portland Vase Base Disk Roman, 25 B.C.–A.D. 25 and pointing to his mouth in a gesture of uncertainty, the young man is Paris, a Glass Object: Diam.: 12.2 cm (4 13/16 in.) prince of Troy who chose Aphrodite over Hera and Athena as the most beautiful British Museum. London, England GR1945.9-27.2 goddess on Mount Olympus. It is clear from the way the image is truncated that VEX.2007.3.1 it was cut from a larger composition, presumably depicting the Judgment of Paris. The Great Tazza A masterpiece of cameo-glass carving, this footed bowl (tazza) consists of five layers of glass: semiopaque green encased in opaque white, green, a second white, and pink. -
December 2017
AUSTRALIA December 2017 www.c4israel.com.au [email protected] AUSTRALIA HAPPY HANUKKAH Blessed are You, Lord our God, Ruler of the universe, who has sanctified us with Your commandments, and has commanded us to kindle the lights of Hanukkah. 3 5 8 6 Highlights... Editorial Pg 2 Hanukkah and Christmas Pg 8 The Battle for Jerusalem Pg 3 Women and Their Olive Trees Pg 9 Rev. Glashouwer Visits Brazil Pg 5 Return from India - A Dream Fulfilled Pg 11 New Israel Centre - Nijkerk Pg 6 “Thank You For Not Forgetting Us” Pg 11 9 11 Christian Media Summit in Israel Pg 7 Israel & Christians Today is the premier publication of Christians for Israel Editorial December 2017 02 Kislev - Tevet 5778 Prayer Points Jerusalem in the ‘End Times’ By Pieter Bénard By Andrew Tucker, International Editor & Executive Director, Christians for Israel International Christians for Israel Prayer Yet God is calling the church of the end and all nations will stream to it”. And in Coordinator times to put on eye salve (Revelation 3), so verse 3: “the law will go out from Zion, the that we may truly understand the signs of word of the Lord from Jerusalem. He will the coming of Jesus. judge between the nations and will settle There are many prophecies in the Bible disputes from many peoples. They will beat concerning Jerusalem. Zechariah 12 verse 2: their swords into ploughshares, and their “I am going to make Jerusalem a cup that spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not sends all the surrounding peoples reeling”. -
Eclectic Antiquity Catalog
Eclectic Antiquity the Classical Collection of the Snite Museum of Art Compiled and edited by Robin F. Rhodes Eclectic Antiquity the Classical Collection of the Snite Museum of Art Compiled and edited by Robin F. Rhodes © University of Notre Dame, 2010. All Rights Reserved ISBN 978-0-9753984-2-5 Table of Contents Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 Geometric Horse Figurine ............................................................................................................. 5 Horse Bit with Sphinx Cheek Plates.............................................................................................. 11 Cup-skyphos with Women Harvesting Fruit.................................................................................. 17 Terracotta Lekythos....................................................................................................................... 23 Marble Lekythos Gravemarker Depicting “Leave Taking” ......................................................... 29 South Daunian Funnel Krater....................................................................................................... 35 Female Figurines.......................................................................................................................... 41 Hooded Male Portrait................................................................................................................... 47 Small Female Head...................................................................................................................... -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
Reassessing the Judean Desert Caves: Libraries, Archives, Genizas and Hiding Places
Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 2007 Volume 25 Reassessing the Judean Desert Caves: Libraries, Archives, Genizas and Hiding Places STEPHEN PFANN In December 1952, five years after the discovery of Qumran cave 1, Roland de Vaux connected its manuscript remains to the nearby site of Khirbet Qumran when he found one of the unique cylindrical jars, typical of cave 1Q, embedded in the floor of the site. The power of this suggestion was such that, from that point on, as each successive Judean Desert cave containing first-century scrolls was discovered, they, too, were assumed to have originated from the site of Qumran. Even the scrolls discovered at Masada were thought to have arrived there by the hands of Essene refugees. Other researchers have since proposed that certain teachings within the scrolls of Qumran’s caves provide evidence for a sect that does not match that of the Essenes described by first-century writers such as Josephus, Philo and Pliny. These researchers prefer to call this group ‘the Qumran Community’, ‘the Covenanters’, ‘the Yahad ’ or simply ‘sectarians’. The problem is that no single title sufficiently covers the doctrines presented in the scrolls, primarily since there is a clear diversity in doctrine among these scrolls.1 In this article, I would like to present a challenge to this monolithic approach to the understanding of the caves and their scroll collections. This reassessment will be based on a close examination of the material culture of the caves (including ceramics and fabrics) and the palaeographic dating of the scroll collections in individual caves. -
Detailed Itinerary
Detailed Itinerary Trip Name: [10 days] People & Landscapes of Lebanon GENERAL Dates: This small-group trip is offered on the following fixed departure dates: October 29th – November 7th, 2021 February 4th – Sunday 13th, 2022 April 15th – April 24th, 2022 October 28th – November 6th, 2022 Prefer a privatized tour? Contact Yūgen Earthside. This adventure captures all the must-see destinations that Lebanon has to offer, whilst incorporating some short walks along the Lebanon Mountain Trail (LMT) through cedar forests, the Chouf Mountains and the Qadisha Valley; to also experience the sights, sounds and smells of this beautiful country on foot. Main Stops: Beirut – Sidon – Tyre – Jezzine – Beit el Din Palace – Beqaa Valley – Baalbek – Qadisha Valley – Byblos © Yūgen Earthside – All Rights Reserved – 2021 - 1 - About the Tour: We design travel for the modern-day explorer by planning small-group adventures to exceptional destinations. We offer a mixture of trekking holidays and cultural tours, so you will always find an adventure to suit you. We always use local guides and teams, and never have more than 12 clients in a group. Travelling responsibly and supporting local communities, we are small enough to tread lightly, but big enough to make a difference. DAY BY DAY ITINERARY Day 1: Beirut [Lebanon] (arrival day) With group members arriving during the afternoon and evening, today is a 'free' day for you to arrive, be transferred to the start hotel, and to shake off any travel fatigue, before the start of your adventure in earnest, tomorrow. Accommodation: Hotel Day 2: Beirut City Tour After breakfast and a welcome briefing, your adventure begins with a tour of this vibrant city, located on a peninsula at the midpoint of Lebanon’s Mediterranean coast. -
Lucan's Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulf
Lucan’s Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2014 Reading Committee: Catherine Connors, Chair Alain Gowing Stephen Hinds Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Classics © Copyright 2014 Laura Zientek University of Washington Abstract Lucan’s Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Catherine Connors Department of Classics This dissertation is an analysis of the role of landscape and the natural world in Lucan’s Bellum Civile. I investigate digressions and excurses on mountains, rivers, and certain myths associated aetiologically with the land, and demonstrate how Stoic physics and cosmology – in particular the concepts of cosmic (dis)order, collapse, and conflagration – play a role in the way Lucan writes about the landscape in the context of a civil war poem. Building on previous analyses of the Bellum Civile that provide background on its literary context (Ahl, 1976), on Lucan’s poetic technique (Masters, 1992), and on landscape in Roman literature (Spencer, 2010), I approach Lucan’s depiction of the natural world by focusing on the mutual effect of humanity and landscape on each other. Thus, hardships posed by the land against characters like Caesar and Cato, gloomy and threatening atmospheres, and dangerous or unusual weather phenomena all have places in my study. I also explore how Lucan’s landscapes engage with the tropes of the locus amoenus or horridus (Schiesaro, 2006) and elements of the sublime (Day, 2013). -
The Qumran Collection As a Scribal Library Sidnie White Crawford
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Sidnie White Crawford Publications Classics and Religious Studies 2016 The Qumran Collection as a Scribal Library Sidnie White Crawford Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/crawfordpubs This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Classics and Religious Studies at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sidnie White Crawford Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. The Qumran Collection as a Scribal Library Sidnie White Crawford Since the early days of Dead Sea Scrolls scholarship, the collection of scrolls found in the eleven caves in the vicinity of Qumran has been identified as a library.1 That term, however, was undefined in relation to its ancient context. In the Greco-Roman world the word “library” calls to mind the great libraries of the Hellenistic world, such as those at Alexandria and Pergamum.2 However, a more useful comparison can be drawn with the libraries unearthed in the ancient Near East, primarily in Mesopotamia but also in Egypt.3 These librar- ies, whether attached to temples or royal palaces or privately owned, were shaped by the scribal elite of their societies. Ancient Near Eastern scribes were the literati in a largely illiterate society, and were responsible for collecting, preserving, and transmitting to future generations the cultural heritage of their peoples. In the Qumran corpus, I will argue, we see these same interests of collection, preservation, and transmission. Thus I will demonstrate that, on the basis of these comparisons, the Qumran collection is best described as a library with an archival component, shaped by the interests of the elite scholar scribes who were responsible for it. -
Jaffa's Ancient Inland Harbor: Historical, Cartographic, and Geomorphological Data ������������������������� 89 Aaron A
c hapter 4 Jaffa’s ancient inland harbor: historical,cartographic, and geomorphological data a aron a. burke,1 shelley wachsmann,2 simona avnaim-katav,3 richard k. dunn,4 krister kowalski,5 george a. pierce,6 and martin peilstöcker7 1UniversityofCalifornia,Los Angeles; 2Te xasA&M; 3UniversityofCalifornia, LosAngeles; 4Norwich University; 5Johannes GutenbergUniversity; 6BrighamYoung University; 7Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Thecontext created by recent studies of thegeomorphologyofLevantine harborsand renewedarchaeologicalresearchinthe Late Bronze AgelevelsofTel Yafo (Jaffa) by theJaffa Cultural Heritage Projecthaveled to efforts to identifythe location of apossible inland Bronze andIronAge harbor at Jaffa, Israel.Althoughseveral scholarsduring thetwentieth centuryspeculatedabout theexistenceand location of an ancient inlandharbor, theextent of theproxy data in supportofits identification hasnever been fullyassessed. Nonetheless, a range of historical, cartographic, arthistorical,topographical, andgeomorphologicaldata can be summoned thatpoint to theexistenceofabodyofwater thatlay to theeastofthe settle- ment andmound of ancient Jaffa. This feature is likely avestige of Jaffa’searliestanchorage or harbor andprobablywentout of usebythe startofthe Hellenisticperiod. slongasbiblicalscholars, archaeologists, always directly relatedtoits declineasaport(see historians,and geographershaveconcerned historicaloverviews in Peilstöcker andBurke 2011). athemselves with Jaffa, itsidentityhas revolved Jaffa’seclipse by anotherportisfirstattestedwiththe -
Constructing God's Community: Umayyad Religious Monumentation
Constructing God’s Community: Umayyad Religious Monumentation in Bilad al-Sham, 640-743 CE Nissim Lebovits Senior Honors Thesis in the Department of History Vanderbilt University 20 April 2020 Contents Maps 2 Note on Conventions 6 Acknowledgements 8 Chronology 9 Glossary 10 Introduction 12 Chapter One 21 Chapter Two 45 Chapter Three 74 Chapter Four 92 Conclusion 116 Figures 121 Works Cited 191 1 Maps Map 1: Bilad al-Sham, ca. 9th Century CE. “Map of Islamic Syria and its Provinces”, last modified 27 December 2013, accessed April 19, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham#/media/File:Syria_in_the_9th_century.svg. 2 Map 2: Umayyad Bilad al-Sham, early 8th century CE. Khaled Yahya Blankinship, The End of the Jihad State: The Reign of Hisham Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the Umayyads (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994), 240. 3 Map 3: The approximate borders of the eastern portion of the Umayyad caliphate, ca. 724 CE. Blankinship, The End of the Jihad State, 238. 4 Map 4: Ghassanid buildings and inscriptions in Bilad al-Sham prior to the Muslim conquest. Heinz Gaube, “The Syrian desert castles: some economic and political perspectives on their genesis,” trans. Goldbloom, in The Articulation of Early Islamic State Structures, ed. Fred Donner (Burlington: Ashgate Publishing Company, 2012) 352. 5 Note on Conventions Because this thesis addresses itself to a non-specialist audience, certain accommodations have been made. Dates are based on the Julian, rather than Islamic, calendar. All dates referenced are in the Common Era (CE) unless otherwise specified. Transliteration follows the system of the International Journal of Middle East Studies (IJMES), including the recommended exceptions. -
Archaeometric Studies on a Pompeian Blue Glass Fragment from Regio I, Insula 14 for the Characterization of Glassmaking Technology
Archaeometric studies on a Pompeian blue glass fragment from Regio I, Insula 14 for the characterization of glassmaking technology Monica Gelzo University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Gaetano Corso Università di Foggia: Universita degli Studi di Foggia Alessandro Vergara Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Manuela Rossi Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Oto Miedico Istituto Zooprolattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata Ottavia Arcari Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Antonio Eugenio Chiaravalle Istituto Zooprolattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata Ciro Piccioli AISES Paolo Arcari ( [email protected] ) University of Naples Federico II https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9582-0850 Research Article Keywords: Pompeii, Primary production, Raw materials, Natron-lime glass, Sand, Western Mediterranean, glass compositions Posted Date: August 3rd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-754282/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/19 Abstract A Pompeian glass sample found in Reg. I, Insula 14, during the 1950’s Pompeii excavation was examined by Raman and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The analyzed specimen was selected based on its intense blue color and its well- preserved aspect. The purpose of the work was the chemical characterization of Pompeii’s glass in correlation to the actual knowledge of Roman glassmaking technology from the Mediterranean area.