Tel Anafa II, iii Sponsors: The Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor The Museum of Art and Archaeology of the University of Missouri–Columbia The National Endowment for the Humanities The Smithsonian Institution Copyright © 2018 Kelsey Museum of Archaeology 434 South State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1390, USA ISBN 978-0-9906623-8-9 KELSEY MUSEUM OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MUSEUM OF ART AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI–COLUMBIA TEL ANAFA II, iii Decorative Wall Plaster, Objects of Personal Adornment and Glass Counters, Tools for Textile Manufacture and Miscellaneous Bone, Terracotta and Stone Figurines, Pre-Persian Pottery, Attic Pottery, and Medieval Pottery edited by Andrea M. Berlin and Sharon C. Herbert KELSEY MUSEUM FIELDWORK SERIES ANN ARBOR, MI 2018 CONTENTS Preface . vii Summary of Occupation Sequence . .viii Site Plan with Trenches . ix 1 Wall Plaster and Stucco by Benton Kidd, with Catalogue Adapted from Robert L. Gordon, Jr. (1977) . .1 2 Personal Adornment: Glass, Stone, Bone, and Shell by Katherine A. Larson . .79 3 Glass Counters by Katherine A. Larson . .137 4 Tools for Textile Manufacture by Katherine A. Larson and Katherine M. Erdman . 145 Appendix: Catalogue of Miscellaneous Bone Objects by Katherine M. Erdman . 211 5 Terracotta and Stone Figurines by Adi Erlich . 217 6 Pottery of the Bronze and Iron Ages by William Dever and Ann Harrison . 261 7 The Attic Pottery by Ann Harrison and Andrea M. Berlin . 335 8 Medieval Ceramics by Adrian J. Boas . .359 PREFACE Tel Anafa II, iii comprises the last installment of final reports on the objects excavated at the site between 1968 and 1986 by the University of Missouri and the University of Michigan. It joins Tel Anafa II, i, in which the local and imported pottery of the Persian, Hellenistic, and Roman periods was presented, and Tel Anafa II, ii, which contained studies of the glass vessels, lamps, metal objects, and groundstone and other stone tools and vessels. Selected finds from all three object volumes are referenced by catalogue number in TA I, the overview of the occupation history, chronology, and stratigraphy of the site. The externally datable objects—coins and stamped amphora handles—were also published in TA I. In this current volume we present studies of all remaining categories of finds from the exca- vations: pottery of the Bronze and Iron Ages, imported Attic pottery, medieval pottery, jewelry of stone and glass, equipment related to textile manufacture, figurines, and, finally, the stucco wall decoration that inspired the name of the site’s main structure: the Late Hellenistic Stuccoed Building (LHSB). The chapters included here represent many years of dedicated research, analysis, and writing. Some were com- pleted quite a long time ago; others were finished more recently. As editors, we have worked to ensure a certain consistency of tone and presentation, but we have not brought bibliography up to the present moment for chapters turned in several years, even decades, ago. With this final volume in the Tel Anafa series, it is now possible to take a comprehensive view of the movable goods and equipment that the site’s occupants made, acquired, and used over millennia. The chronological range extends from the Early Bronze Age through the medieval era, but as with other remains from the site, most pertain to the Late Hellenistic and Early Roman eras, which were the site’s best-preserved periods of occupation. While as archaeologists we are always aware of the fragility and incompleteness of the material record that comes into our hands, we are also always overwhelmed by the enormous amount that does remain—and impressed anew with the ability of physical artifacts to evoke for us living worlds. The spindle whorls, loom weights, and bone weaving tools evince long days of manual labor by residents. This view of working lives is balanced by many of the goods here and in the preceding studies that reflect delightful individual taste and choices—in interior décor, personal adornment, containers for perfume, and small decorative sculptures. The testimony provided by such remains contributes to one of the animat- ing motives of archaeology: “to save from oblivion and all-erasing time . the fleetingness of human memory and . traditions [that] are in constant peril of being . extinguished” (Asheri 2007, 21).2 We are, once again, in debt to Lorene Sterner, who has overseen the amassing and organizing of myriad details. We are most grateful to Margaret Lourie, who interrupted a well-earned retirement to again apply her meticulous care in copyediting and setting the full manuscript. Finally, we extend heartfelt thanks to the authors of these wonder- ful studies for their patience, cooperation, and high standards. Andrea M. Berlin Sharon C. Herbert Boston, MA Ann Arbor, MI August 2017 August 2017 2 In David Asheri, Alan Lloyd, and Aldo Corcella, A Commentary on Herodotus Books I–IV, ed. Oswyn Murray and Alfonso Moreno, trans. Barbara Graziosi, Matteo Rossetti, Carlotta Dus, and Vanessa Cazzato (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007). SUMMARY OF OCCUPATION SEQUENCE Stratum Date Remains Datable material EB II 2900–2300 BCE Flint knapping area to north Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 1–10 Canaanite blades TA I, i, Pl. 124b EB IV 2300–2000 BCE None Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 20–45 MB I–II 2000–1500 BCE None Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 62–110 MB/LB I 1500–1400 BCE Earlier pavement and walls on Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 82, 86–89, 107, south slope 111–127 LB II 1400–1200 BCE Later pavement and houses on Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 128–162 south slope LB II/ IRON I Damaged walls and debris on Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 131–133, 140 south slope IRON I 1200–1000 BCE None Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 163–171 IRON IIA/B 1000–800 BCE North enclosure wall Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 172–187 IRON IIC 800–586 BCE None: occupation gap? Pottery Dever/Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, PH 188–189 PERSIAN 538–332 BCE None Pottery Harrison TA Vol. II, iii, AW 1–40; Lamps Dobbins TA Vol. II, ii, L 3–19, 22–39; Glass Grose TA Vol. II, ii, G 1–6 HELL 1A 332–198 BCE Scattered walls under LHSB and Coins Meshorer TA I, i, 1–18; SAHs Ariel/Finkielsztejn TA west annex I, i, SAH 45, 70 HELL 1B 198–125 BCE Scattered walls under LHSB and Coins Meshorer TA I, i, 19–37; SAHs Ariel/ Finkielsztejn west annex TA I, i HELL 2 125–75 BCE LHSB, houses on south slope Coins Meshorer TA I, i, 38–248; SAHs Ariel/Finkielsztejn TA I, i SUBPHASE 125–? BCE Initial construction of LHSB ESA under floors, coin of Alexander Zebina Meshorer TA I, HELL 2A i, 100; Ariel Finkielsztejn TA I, i, SAH 65 SUBPHASE ?–98 BCE Minor modifications to LHSB Tyrian shekel 116/115 BCE Meshorer TA I, i, 205 HELL 2B SUBPHASE 98–75 BCE Major modifications to LHSB; Coin of Sidon 98–97 BCE Meshorer TA I, i, 184 HELL 2C construction of northeast building and north colonnade SUBPHASE 75–20 BCE? “Windblown” layer debris HELL 2C+/ ROM 1 ROM 1 Late 1st cen. BCE/ Roman buildings 1–11 Coins Meshorer TA I, i, 121, 201, 249–256, 224, 225; Roman Early 1st cen. CE lamps Dobbins TA Vol. II, ii, L 285–406 SUBPHASE Late 1st cen. BCE & Roman buildings 1–5 ESA in Roman shapes, Galilean cook ware, Roman lamps ROM 1A early CE SUBPHASE Early 1st cen. CE Roman buildings 6–11 and modifi- Cypriot sigillata, pink ware ROM 1B cations to 1–5 SUBPHASE Early-mid 1st cen. CE Wall thickenings, pavement ESA SAM 14s ROM 1C ROM 2 Late 1st–7th cen. CE Tanur complex, burial Mehsorer TA I, i, 257–259; ARS ARABIC 9th–20th? cen. CE 7 one-room buildings, cemetery, Khirbet Mafjar ware, lead glaze pottery watchtower SUBPHASE 9th–11th cen. CE 7 one-room buildings Khirbet Mafjar ware, lead glaze pottery ARABIC 1 SUBPHASE ? Cemetery Ottoman coin Meshorer TA I, i, 260 ARABIC 2 SUBPHASE ? Bunker Modern bullet casing ARABIC 3 SITE PLAN WITH TRENCHES 1. DECORATIVE WALL PLASTER by Benton Kidd, with Catalogue Adapted from Robert L. Gordon, Jr. (1977)1 1 The report on the Anafa stucco is the culmination of a number of years of research and collaboration with many colleagues and scholars. Many generously shared information about Masonry Style stucco decoration and Hellenistic architecture in Egypt and the Levant: Emily Egan, Mosche Fischer, Jean-Baptiste Humbert, Heather Jackson, Anne Laidlaw, Jessica Nitschke, Patrizio Pensabene, Jacques Seigne, Marjorie Venit, Agata Villa, and Adi Ziv. I am also indebted to others for on-site help or with in situ comparanda. Many thanks to Fawwaz Al-Khraysheh, Gina Bor- romeo, Katharina Galor, and Ayda Naghawy, for their help in Jordan; in Alexandria, to Jean-Yves Empereur, Sahar Hamouda, Mervat Seif el-Din, the Alexandria Center for Hellenistic Studies, and the Graeco-Roman Museum. I also very cordially thank the staff of the Israel Antiquities Author- ity for their assistance with the Anafa stucco fragments stored at Beth Shemesh. Over time, many of my graduate research assistants also helped me keep my notes and unwieldy bibliography in order. For this I am grateful to Mary Conley, Lauren Disalvo, Olivia Fales, Ethan Gannaway, Kate Livingston, and Erin Walcek. Let me also sincerely thank Sharon Herbert and Andrea Berlin for their patience and careful editing, and Lorene Sterner for her archival information and competent design skills.