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Paper Title (Use Style: Paper Title) CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF LITERATURE, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE Volume: 02 Issue: 05 | May 2021 TRANSLATION AS A BALANCE OF ART AND SCIENCE Axunbabayeva Nargiza. Xamidjanovna, Namangan Institute of Engineering and Technology. senior teacher of the department of "Foreign Languages" e-mail: [email protected] Yunusova Nilufar Maxmudjanovna. teacher of the department of "Foreign Languages" e-mail: [email protected] Received 26ndApril 2021, Accepted 28thApril 2021, Online 19thMay 2021 Abstract: Technical translation is the medium particular significance in countries with high through which language, discourse and volumes of multilingual speakers communication can exist in a global world. As Keywords: art, discourse, medium, multiple, technology creates easier and faster means of significance, linguistic features, global communication and the world moves toward communication becoming a global community, the need to INTRODUCTION communicate with people from multiple language Technical translation covers the translation of backgrounds also grows. Rather than working with many kinds of specialized texts and requires a high multiple languages, some have proposed the idea of level of subject knowledge and mastery of the using English as the primary language for global relevant terminology [1] and writing conventions. communication, making English the lingua franca— The importance of consistent terminology in or a common world language. However, English as a technical translation, for example in patents, as well lingua franca has various implications for the field of as the highly formulaic and repetitive nature of technical communication. Particularly for technical technical writing makes computer-assisted translators who are native speakers of English, there translation using translation memories and is the tendency to assume a unilateral stance on terminology databases especially appropriate. In his translation. In other words, the technical translator's book Technical Translation Jody Byrne argues that objective is to translate to and from English, with the technical translation is closely related to technical English message being the main focus. While communication and that it can benefit from research English is a language of global communication, it is in this and other areas such as usability and cognitive not the only language being used for communication, psychology [1]. highlighting the importance of moving away from In addition to making texts with technical jargon "singular perspective" of only communicating in accessible for a wider ranging audience, technical English. The concept of maintaining technical translation also involves linguistic features of communication in languages other than English is of © 2021, CAJLPC, Central Asian Studies, All Rights Reserved 121 CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF LITERATURE, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE Volume: 02 Issue: 05 | May 2021, ISSN: 2660-6828 translating technological texts from one language to linguistic orientations for the actual translation another. process, an understanding of other subjects, such Translation as a whole is a balance of art and science as cognitive psychology, usability engineering, influenced by both theory and practice [2]. Having and technical communication, is necessary for a knowledge of both the linguistic features as well as successful technical translator [3]. Additionally, most the aesthetic features of translation applies directly to technical translators work within a specialized field the field of technical translation. such as medical or legal technical translation, which Stemming from the field of translation studies, highlights the importance of an interdisciplinary the field of technical translation traditionally background. Finally, the technical translators should emphasized much importance on the source language also become familiar with the field of professional from which text is translated. However, over the translation through training. years there has been a movement away from this Translators might read the document to traditional approach to a focus on the purpose of the understand what they will be translating, and translation and on the intended audience. This is determine the context of the text. In technical perhaps because only 5–10% of items in a technical translation, the register and tone would then be document are terminology, while the other 90–95% determined based on the type of text and the context, of the text is language, most likely in a natural style although generally the tones of technical texts are of the source language [2]. Though technical neutral. The register can be translation is only one subset of the different types of very formal and scientific, or made to be easily professional translation, it is the largest subset as far understood by the general public [4]. A translator as output is concerned. Currently, more than 90% of might also need to use documentation techniques all professionally translated work is done by find resource materials as aids in order to translate technical translators, highlighting the importance and the text. significance of the field. Translators may bounce back and forth between The role of the technical translator is to not steps, depending on their time constraints and their only be a transmitter of information, but also to be a experience in translation. For instance they might constructor of procedural discourse and knowledge revise at the same time as they are translating. A through meaning, particularly because often, the translator may also go through their reference technical translator may also take on the role of the materials and research depending on how familiar technical writer [3]. Research has demonstrated that they are with the type of text [4]. If they need to find technical communicators do, in fact, create new the closest matches for clients, they may meaning as opposed to simply repackaging old use translation memories or machine information. This emphasizes the important role that translation software. The translation process also technical translators play in making meaning, depends on the laws and ethics codes put into place whether they are doing technical translation in one in certain regions, as well as any censorship, which language or in multiple languages. might affect the outcome of the text. Much like professionals in the field of Revision may depend on the translator's technical communication, the technical translator experience or nature of the text. In translation must have a cross-curricular and multifaceted agencies, revisers may be hired to do the revising, background. In addition to grasping theoretical and but a freelancer may have to revise their own work. © 2021, CAJLPC, Central Asian Studies, All Rights Reserved 2 CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF LITERATURE, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE Volume: 02 Issue: 05 | May 2021, ISSN: 2660-6828 In the case of a pharmaceutical text, depending on Just as important as proper translation of the laws, it would require revision since the linguistic qualities of languages is the subject of information in the source text could cause potential culture and how specific cultural features are harm if mistranslated. There also may be certain transferred and communicated in the field of style guides that the translation agencies may use technical translation. In fact, a mutual understanding that must be followed. of cultural components is just as important as Although technical writing and technical translation linguistic knowledge in technical translation [6]. This may be similar in the content they work with, they highlights the complicated nature of working with are different as translators translate what technical translation. Various cultures can exhibit the technical writers produce [5]. The purpose of drastic differences in how communication occurs, technical writing is to explain how to do even when both cultures are working with the same something. Technical translating is similar; however target language. One Canadian technical translator it attempts to communicate how someone else and consultant working with Russian colleagues explains how something is done. “The technical detailed difficulties while working with both North translator, like the technical writer, wants to produce American English and global English. Encountering a document that is clear and easy to discrepancies in rhetorical writing strategies, understand”. Translators may also differentiation in tones, document formatting issues, consider controlled language and whether it applies and conflicting conceptual goals for engineering in their target language culture. reports, the author emphasizes cultural practices, While no machine translation device is able to outside of the direct realm of linguistic forms, which replicate or replace the dynamics of a human can impede proper communication in technical translator [5], machine translation certainly poses translation [6]. important advantages. In fact, there are many In an example using a commonly translated practical uses for and implications of machine document, the United Nation's Universal Declaration translation for the field of technical translation. of Human Rights, a researcher used correlation Machine translation has major cost advantages as analyses, including semantic network analysis and compared to human translation. In fields of technical spatial modeling, to interpret data describing communication where information is constantly differences among seven different translated versions
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