Small Carnivore Conservation
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VOLATILE COMPOUNDS from ANAL GLANDS of the WOLVERINE, Gulo Gulo
Journal of Chemical Ecology, Vol. 12, No. 9, September 2005 ( #2005) DOI: 10.1007/s10886-005-6080-9 VOLATILE COMPOUNDS FROM ANAL GLANDS OF THE WOLVERINE, Gulo gulo WILLIAM F. WOOD,1,* MIRANDA N. TERWILLIGER,2 and JEFFREY P. COPELAND3 1Department of Chemistry, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA 95521, USA 2Alaska Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Biology & Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA 3USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT 59801, USA (Received February 12, 2005; revised March 24, 2005; accepted April 20, 2005) Abstract—Dichloromethane extracts of wolverine (Gulo gulo, Mustelinae, Mustelidae) anal gland secretion were examined by gas chromatographyYmass spectrometry. The secretion composition was complex and variable for the six samples examined: 123 compounds were detected in total, with the number per animal ranging from 45 to 71 compounds. Only six compounds were common to all extracts: 3-methylbutanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, phenylacetic acid, a-tocopherol, cholesterol, and a compound tentatively identified as 2-methyldecanoic acid. The highly odoriferous thietanes and dithiolanes found in anal gland secretions of some members of the Mustelinae [ferrets, mink, stoats, and weasels (Mustela spp.) and zorillas (Ictonyx spp.)] were not observed. The composition of the wolverine’s anal gland secretion is similar to that of two other members of the Mustelinae, the pine and beech marten (Martes spp.). Key WordsVWolverine, Gulo gulo, Mustelinae, Mustelidae, scent marking, fear-defense mechanism, short-chain carboxylic acids. INTRODUCTION The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is the largest terrestrial member of the Mustelidae and is part of the subfamily, Mustelinae, which includes ferrets, fishers, martens, mink, stoats, weasels, and zorillas. -
Otter News No. 124, July 2021
www.otter.org IOSF Otter News No. 124, July 2021 www.loveotters.org Otter News No. 124, July 2021 Join our IOSF mailing list and receive our newsletters - Click on this link: http://tinyurl.com/p3lrsmx Please share our news Good News for Otters in Argentina Giant otters are classified as “extinct” in Argentina but there have been some positive signs of their return in recent months. The Ibera wetlands lie in the Corrientes region and are one of the world’s largest freshwater ecosystems. Rewilding Argentina is attempting to return the country’s rich biodiversity to the area with species such as jaguars, macaws and marsh deer. They have also been working to bring back giant otters and there have been some small successes and three cubs have recently been born as offspring of two otters that were reintroduced there. And there is more good news for the largest otter species. In May there was the first sighting of “wild” giant otters in Argentina for 40 years! Furthermore, there have been other success stories for otters across the south American nation. Tierra del Fuego, Argentina’s southern-most province, has banned all open-net salmon farming. This ban will help protect the areas fragile marine ecosystems, which is home to half of Argentina’s kelp forests which support species such as the southern river otter. This also makes Argentina the first nation in the world to ban such farming practices. With so many problems for otter species it is encouraging to see some steps forward in their protection in Argentina. -
Monitoring Wolverines in Northeast Oregon
Monitoring Wolverines in Northeast Oregon January 2011 – December 2012 Final Report Authors: Audrey J. Magoun Patrick Valkenburg Clinton D. Long Judy K. Long Submitted to: The Wolverine Foundation, Inc. February 2013 Cite as: A. J. Magoun, P. Valkenburg, C. D. Long, and J. K. Long. 2013. Monitoring wolverines in northeast Oregon. January 2011 – December 2012. Final Report. The Wolverine Foundation, Inc., Kuna, Idaho. [http://wolverinefoundation.org/] Copies of this report are available from: The Wolverine Foundation, Inc. [http://wolverinefoundation.org/] Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife [http://www.dfw.state.or.us/conservationstrategy/publications.asp] Oregon Wildlife Heritage Foundation [http://www.owhf.org/] U. S. Forest Service [http://www.fs.usda.gov/land/wallowa-whitman/landmanagement] Major Funding and Logistical Support The Wolverine Foundation, Inc. Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Oregon Wildlife Heritage Foundation U. S. Forest Service U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Wolverine Discovery Center Norcross Wildlife Foundation Seattle Foundation Wildlife Conservation Society National Park Service 2 Special thanks to everyone who provided contributions, assistance, and observations of wolverines in the Wallowa-Whitman National Forest and other areas in Oregon. We appreciate all the help and interest of the staffs of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Wildlife Heritage Foundation, U. S. Forest Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wildlife Conservation Society, and the National Park Service. We also thank the following individuals for their assistance with the field work: Jim Akenson, Holly Akenson, Malin Aronsson, Norma Biggar, Ken Bronec, Steve Bronson, Roblyn Brown, Vic Coggins, Alex Coutant, Cliff Crego, Leonard Erickson, Bjorn Hansen, Mike Hansen, Hans Hayden, Tim Hiller, Janet Hohmann, Pat Matthews, David McCullough, Glenn McDonald, Jamie McFadden, Kendrick Moholt, Mark Penninger, Jens Persson, Lynne Price, Brian Ratliff, Jamie Ratliff, John Stephenson, John Wyanens, Rebecca Watters, Russ Westlake, and Jeff Yanke. -
Post Mortem and Genetic Study of an Eurasian Otter (Lutra Lutra) Carcass Collected in Hong Kong SAR
Post mortem and genetic study of an Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra) carcass collected in Hong Kong SAR China Published: October 2018 Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden Publication Series No.16 Post mortem and genetic study of an Eurasian Otter (Lutra Lutra) carcass collected in Hong Kong SAR Post mortem and genetic study of an Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra) carcass collected in Hong Kong SAR, China October 2018 Authors and Editorial Miss. Wing Lam Fok Dr. Gary W.J. Ades Mr. Paul Crow Dr. Huarong Zhang Dr. Alessandro Grioni Mr. Yu Ki Wong Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 3 Section 1: Post Mortem Examination ........................................................................................ 4 Section 2: Genetic analysis confirmed taxonomic identity of the otter .................................... 8 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................ 9 Implication of the dog attack and recommendations for L. lutra conservation ....................... 9 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. 10 References ............................................................................................................................... 10 Further Readings ..................................................................................................................... -
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Anorectal Abscess, Fistula-In-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula Jon D
PRACTICE GUIDELINES Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Anorectal Abscess, Fistula-in-Ano, and Rectovaginal Fistula Jon D. Vogel, M.D. • Eric K. Johnson, M.D. • Arden M. Morris, M.D. • Ian M. Paquette, M.D. Theodore J. Saclarides, M.D. • Daniel L. Feingold, M.D. • Scott R. Steele, M.D. Prepared on behalf of The Clinical Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons he American Society of Colon and Rectal Sur- and submucosal locations.7–11 Anorectal abscess occurs geons is dedicated to ensuring high-quality pa- more often in males than females, and may occur at any Ttient care by advancing the science, prevention, age, with peak incidence among 20 to 40 year olds.4,8–12 and management of disorders and diseases of the co- In general, the abscess is treated with prompt incision lon, rectum, and anus. The Clinical Practice Guide- and drainage.4,6,10,13 lines Committee is charged with leading international Fistula-in-ano is a tract that connects the perine- efforts in defining quality care for conditions related al skin to the anal canal. In patients with an anorec- to the colon, rectum, and anus by developing clinical tal abscess, 30% to 70% present with a concomitant practice guidelines based on the best available evidence. fistula-in-ano, and, in those who do not, one-third will These guidelines are inclusive, not prescriptive, and are be diagnosed with a fistula in the months to years after intended for the use of all practitioners, health care abscess drainage.2,5,8–10,13–16 Although a perianal abscess workers, and patients who desire information about the is defined by the anatomic space in which it forms, a management of the conditions addressed by the topics fistula-in-ano is classified in terms of its relationship to covered in these guidelines. -
Ecology of Free-Living Cats Exploiting Waste Disposal Sites
0 ECOLOGY OF FREE-LIVING CATS EXPLOITING WASTE DISPOSAL SITES DIET, MORPHOMETRICS, POPULATION DYNAMICS AND POPULATION GENETICS ELIZABETH ANN DENNY B.A. M.Litt. A Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School ofBiological Sciences U ni versity of Sydney 2005 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no material previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at the University of Sydney or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at the University of Sydney or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged. ~:- Elizabeth Ann Denny November, 2005 ABSTRACT The free-living domestic cat (Felis catus), a feral predator in Australia, occupies the entire continent and many offshore islands. Throughout the Australian landscape are rubbish tips, which provide biological attraction points around which free-living cats congregate in high densities. This study examined populations of cats exploiting tip sites in two contrasting bioregions in New South Wales. The study determined the most useful methods for the detection and assessment of abundance of free-living cats, and compared the efficacy of the detection methods between contrasting environments. -
Small Carnivores of Karnataka: Distribution and Sight Records1
Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 104 (2), May-Aug 2007 155-162 SMALL CARNIVORES OF KARNATAKA SMALL CARNIVORES OF KARNATAKA: DISTRIBUTION AND SIGHT RECORDS1 H.N. KUMARA2,3 AND MEWA SINGH2,4 1Accepted November 2006 2 Biopsychology Laboratory, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India. 3Email: [email protected] 4Email: [email protected] During a study from November 2001 to July 2004 on ecology and status of wild mammals in Karnataka, we sighted 143 animals belonging to 11 species of small carnivores of about 17 species that are expected to occur in the state of Karnataka. The sighted species included Leopard Cat, Rustyspotted Cat, Jungle Cat, Small Indian Civet, Asian Palm Civet, Brown Palm Civet, Common Mongoose, Ruddy Mongoose, Stripe-necked Mongoose and unidentified species of Otters. Malabar Civet, Fishing Cat, Brown Mongoose, Nilgiri Marten, and Ratel were not sighted during this study. The Western Ghats alone account for thirteen species of small carnivores of which six are endemic. The sighting of Rustyspotted Cat is the first report from Karnataka. Habitat loss and hunting are the major threats for the small carnivore survival in nature. The Small Indian Civet is exploited for commercial purpose. Hunting technique varies from guns to specially devised traps, and hunting of all the small carnivore species is common in the State. Key words: Felidae, Viverridae, Herpestidae, Mustelidae, Karnataka, threats INTRODUCTION (Mukherjee 1989; Mudappa 2001; Rajamani et al. 2003; Mukherjee et al. 2004). Other than these studies, most of the Mammals of the families Felidae, Viverridae, information on these animals comes from anecdotes or sight Herpestidae, Mustelidae and Procyonidae are generally records, which no doubt, have significantly contributed in called small carnivores. -
Fistula in Ano a Five-Year Survey at Groote Schuur Hospital and a Review of the Literature J
13 June 1964 S.A. MEDICAL JOURNAL 403 rigting aanbied nie. Is daar 'n universiteit met die nodige van studente te help deur fasiliteite vir hulle te skep om vooruitblik, die moed en die vermoe om so 'n kursus aan gedurende hul kliniese jare saam met gesinsdokters te te pak?' werk.3 Ander praktiese stappe sal verwelkom word. Dieselfde woorde geld ook vir Suid-Afrika. Die Suid Afrikaanse Kollege vir Algemene Praktisyns is reeds 'n I. Editorial (1964): 1. ColI. Gen. Practit., 43, 158. 2. Leading article (1963): Lancet, I, 430. geruirne tyd lank al besig om met die praktiese opleiding 3. Van die Redaksie (1964): S. Air. T. Geneesk., 38, 250. FISTULA IN ANO A FIVE-YEAR SURVEY AT GROOTE SCHUUR HOSPITAL AND A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE J. TERBLANCHE, M.B., CH.B., F.C.S. (SA.), Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Cape Town 'Fistula' is the Latin word for a reed, pipe, or flute. the notes did not indicate clearly the anatomical level of Goligher's definition of a fistula in surgery is a 'chronic the main fistula. When multiple fistulae were present, the granulating track connecting two epithelial-lined surfaces') case was classified under the dominant type. No significant The term fistula in ano, however, covers both true fistulae, difference was noted in the anatomical distribution in the and what should strictly be called sinuses.2 Most authori two major race groups in our series (Table I). ties today accept that 'an anal fistula is essentially the final result of progression of an acute anal abscess' (Ture1l3). -
Olfactory Communication in the Ferret (Mustela Furo L.) and Its Application in Wildlife Management
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. OLFACTORY COMMUNICATION IN THE FERRET (MUSTELA FURO L.) AND ITS APPLICATION IN WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT A Thesis Prepared in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology at Massey University Barbara Kay Clapperton 1985 �;·.;L��:"·;�� �is Copyrigj;lt Fonn Title:·J.;:E,:£j;esis: O\fgc:..�O("j CoW\I"'h.JA"lC,citQC\ � �� '�'Jd" � (�tJ.o.kgL.) � -\� C\�ic..Q;"er.. \h wA�·�. (1) ta.W-:> I give permission for my thesis to be rrede a���;�d�� .. -; ':: readers in the Massey University Library under conditi¥?� . C • determined by the Librarian. ; �dO n�t�sh my..,):hesi�o be�de�ai�e � _ _ re er/l.thout""my wmtten c6nse� for _ -<-L_ nths. ' ... ' � (2 ) �l.--.::�;. I � t � thej>'is, ov& c0er. rrej0Se s� ¥ I :.. an �r n�t ' ut ¥1h undef'condrtion srdeterdU.n6§. � t e rarl. I do not wish my thesis, or a copy, to be sent to another institution without my written consent for 12 nonths. (3 ) I agree that my thesis rrey be copied for Library use.: . �� ... Signed �,t. .... : B K Clappe n ;" Date (� �v � ; .. \, The cct1m�t of this thesis belongs to the author. Readers must sign t��::�arre in the space below to show that they recognise this. lmy· · are asked to add their perm:ment address. -
Vol XIX No 5
one of the best things about Australia is the one of the worst things is that people don't know i get to know and help to keep the Australian bush by joining NPA. The National Parks Association of NSW 399 Pitt St Sydney . 233 3618 bushwalking • meetings • lectures • journal • working committees AUSTRAliAN NATURAl HISTORY PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM, 6-8 COLLEGE STREET, SYDNEY VOLUME 19 NUMBER 5 PRESIDENT, MICHAEL PITMAN DIRECTOR, DESMOND GRIFFIN JANUARY -MARCH .1978 THEY FOLLOW THEIR NOSES 142 BY R. MYKYTOWYCZ A TASMANIAN TRIASSIC STREAM COMMUNITY 150 BY MAXWELL R. BANKS, JOHN W. COSGRIFF AND NOEL R. KEMP A Rotlnese weaver works on an ikatcloth at her handloom. BIZARRE OPISTHOBRANCH DEFENCES 158 BY IAN LOCH THE QUIDDITY OF TIGER QUOLLS 165 BY GRAHAM SETTLE FISHES IN SEAGRASS COMMUNITIES 170 BY DOUG HOESE COVER: A Nudibranch (Chromodoris quadricolor) WEAVING WITH NATURE 174 exhibiting brilliant warning BY DEBORAH JARVIS AND SUZANNE STARTIN colouration. (Photo: Valerie Taylor). Annual Subscription: $6-Australia; $A7.50-other countries except New Zealand. EDITOR/DESIGNER Single copies: $1.50 ($1.90 posted Australia); $A2-other countries except New NANCY SMITH Zealand. Cheque or money order payable to The Australian Museum should be sent ASSISTANT EDITOR to The Secretary, The Australian Museum, PO Box A285, Sydney South 2000. ROBERT STEWART Overseas subscribers please note that monies must be paid in Australian currency. PRODUCTION ASSISTANT LEAH RYAN New Zealand Annual Subscription: $NZ8. Cheque or money order payable to the CIRCULATION Government Printer should be sent to the New Zealand Government Printer, BRUCE GRANGER Private Bag, Wellington. -
IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 37(1) 2020
IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 37(1) 2020 N O T E F R O M T H E E D I T O R NOTE FROM THE EDITOR Dear Friends, Colleagues and Otter Enthusiasts! It has become winter in the northern hemisphere and we start 2020 with the 1st issue of our IUCN OSG Bulletin of this year. The issue will be a full issue with the usual page numbers and it is in fact already “full”. The idea is to close this issue as soon as possible as we do have already a compilation of manuscripts for the second issue of 2020. Many good reasons to regularly come back to our website. In addition to the two regular issues in 2019 we also started the special issue of the IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin 36A and information was send out to all participants. Bosco Chan, Nicole Duplaix, Syed Ainul Hussain and N. Sivasothi serve as guest editors. Manuscripts are continuously welcome and will go online as soon as they are reviewed, revised and finally accepted. We also have two updates of the bibliographic issues of which one is already online. My sincere thanks to Victor Camp for again providing updates which for sure are of help for many of us working with the respective species. On a personal note I allow myself to mention that it was in October 25 years ago that I was responsible for the first time for an issue of the IUCN OSG Bulletin. My sincere thanks to Lesley. Lesley - without your never-ending efforts and time spent in your weekend there would be no way to deal with the publication of the increasing number of manuscripts. -
Volatile Cues Influence Host-Choice in Arthropod Pests
animals Review Volatile Cues Influence Host-Choice in Arthropod Pests Jacqueline Poldy Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Health & Biosecurity, Black Mountain Laboratory, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; [email protected]; Tel.: +61-2-6218-3599 Received: 1 October 2020; Accepted: 22 October 2020; Published: 28 October 2020 Simple Summary: Many significant human and animal diseases are spread by blood feeding insects and other arthropod vectors. Arthropod pests and disease vectors rely heavily on chemical cues to identify and locate important resources such as their preferred animal hosts. Although there are abundant studies on the means by which biting insects—especially mosquitoes—are attracted to humans, this focus overlooks the veterinary and medical importance of other host–pest relationships and the chemical signals that underpin them. This review documents the published data on airborne (volatile) chemicals emitted from non-human animals, highlighting the subset of these emissions that play a role in guiding host choice by arthropod pests. The paper exposes some of the complexities associated with existing methods for collecting relevant chemical features from animal subjects, cautions against extrapolating the ecological significance of volatile emissions, and highlights opportunities to explore research gaps. Although the literature is less comprehensive than human studies, understanding the chemical drivers behind host selection creates opportunities to interrupt pest attack and disease transmission, enabling more efficient pest management. Abstract: Many arthropod pests of humans and other animals select their preferred hosts by recognising volatile odour compounds contained in the hosts’ ‘volatilome’. Although there is prolific literature on chemical emissions from humans, published data on volatiles and vector attraction in other species are more sporadic.