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How Does VO 2 Evolve During the 800M?

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How Does VO 2 Evolve During the 800M? How does VO 2 evolve during the 800m ? Christine Hanon, Claire Thomas, Jean-Michel Le Chevalier, Bruno Gajer, Henry Vandewalle To cite this version: Christine Hanon, Claire Thomas, Jean-Michel Le Chevalier, Bruno Gajer, Henry Vandewalle. How does VO 2 evolve during the 800m ?. New Studies in Athletics, IAAF, 2002, 17 (2), pp.61-68. hal- 01753888 HAL Id: hal-01753888 https://hal-insep.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01753888 Submitted on 29 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. SPORT MEDICINE © by IAAF 17:2; 61–68, 2002 How does VO2 evolve during the 800m? By C. Hanon, C. Thomas, JM. Le Chevalier, B. Gajer, H. Vandewalle C. Hanon, C. Thomas, JM Le Cheva- lier, B Gajer and H Vandewalle are members or students of INSEP, the french olympic campus. C. Hanon, The purpose of this experiment PhD, was a 800 meters runner. was to examine the evolution of INSEP has dedicated its life to Elite the ventilatory parameters dur- sport performance since its cre- ing 800 meters when 800 meters ation in 1945. It offers optimal are realized according to the education opportunities to elite competition model: fast depar- athletes, who can study (high ture and drop in the speed in the school and university) and prepare final 100 meters. To date, con- their professional career while cerning supramaximal exercises training for international events. only studies realized in constant The 850 athletes who live there are power had been proposed. Our recruited by their respective results indicate that, regarding national sports federations and benefit from all available equip- VO2, the 800m can be described by 3 different phases: 1) during ment and infrastructure, including the first 315 metres, VO increas- a Sport Sciences Department AUTHOR 2 whose priority is to favour the sci- es gradually to reach VO2 max, 2) during the 215m which follow or entific environment of sport and high level performance. until the 530m, VO2 max is main- tained, and finally 3) during the last 270 m, VO2 decreases gradu- ally to reach 80 % of VO2max at I. Introduction the end of running. It thus seems that the fact of leaving faster n order to answer this question, it has than the average speed of run- I to date been necessary to either exam- ABSTRACT ine the rare studies carried out on ning allows to reach VO2max and it more quickly. It also seems treadmill to high speeds, or to consult the that at the same time as the fall results of experiments carried out using the of the speed, one can observe cycle ergometer. In both cases, a consider- able disparity remains concerning the 800m: VO2's fall at the end of the run- ning. either the exercise is realized in constant power, or it does not refer to the specific activity of running. The technological progress and the minia- turisation of devices intended to record the New Studies in Athletics • no. 3/4 2002 consumption of oxygen enable these two 61 How does VO2 evolve during the 800m? problems to be solved, to test the evolution Our experiment is aimed at describing the of VO2 in running, and according to the char- evolution of VO2 during the test. It is possi- acteristics of 800m. ble to distinguish 3 questions: 1-VO2800 value corresponds it to the II. The 800m VO2max value? In other words, does one reach VO max during the 800m? Reminder: it is possible to notice that all 2 the 800m run with the intention of realis- 2-if yes, at what stage? ing a chronometric performance, are real- 3-if yes, does one maintain VO2max up to ized according to a common model (for the end of the 800m? details, to refer to the book " the 800m, the descriptive analysis and the training " from III.1 - Does one reach VO max during Gajer et al. 2000). This model advances the 2 the 800m? fact that the running is not based on the regularity of speed, but on the contrary on For Astrand and Rodahl ( 1994 ), " an exer- a fast departure, followed by a plateau of cise for one minute or even less can involve 500m and by a drop in the speed over the in a maximal way the system of transport of final 100m. It is noted that this drop is even the oxygen ". Gastin and Lawson (1994), marked for elite runners and that this pro- Granier (1995) showed this during all-out file of evolution of the speed is carried over tests realised on bicycle ergometers as well as to other disciplines (standing start kilome- Billat et al. 2000 for running exercises car- tre in cycling, 500 meters kayak, notably). ried out at 120 % of VO2max until exhaus- Our study thus based itself on this chrono- tion. metric model to calibrate the running of On the other hand, for Heugas et al. 1995, the participating athletes. VO2max is not reached on treadmill running for an exercise carried out at 130 % of VO2max dur- ing approximately 1 min 800<1'49" 8,50 30. With regard to the 1'49"<800>1'51" 800m, Spencer et al. 1'51"<800>1'53" 8,00 (1996) and Spencer and 1'53"<800>1'58" Gastin (2001) simulated 7,50 800 meter running on treadmill, and showed that 7,00 Vitesse m/s the athletes did not reach 6,50 VO2max in these condi- tions. It is noted that these 6,00 studies carried out at con- 1er 100 2ème 100 3ème 100 4ème 100 5ème 100 6ème 100 7ème 100 8ème 100 stant power, were carried out at only 112 and 113 % of MAS (Maximal Aerobic Speed) while according to Figure 1: Evolution of the speed during the 800m according to Lacour (1990), for an the levels of performance. According to Gajer et al. 2000 800m at national level is reached at 120% of MAS. III. The questions III. 2 - At what stage does one reach VO 800 or VO max? The VO2max value is determined during the 2 2 progressive test carried out on the track (test According to Margaria and al. 1965, of TUB2). This value will be compared with VO2max is reached all the more quickly with the VO2 maximal value collected during the intense exercise. The studies conducted in 800m, which we shall call VO 800. this area have presented results that differ, New Studies in Athletics • no. 3/4 2002 62 2 How does VO2 evolve during the 800m? depending on whether the exercise is for a succession of stages each of 3 minutes realised in constant power or not. duration, beginning at 14 km h-1 and So on a cycle ergomerter (Withers et al. increasing by 2 kmh-1 up to 18 km h-1, 1991), or in a kayak (Zamparo et al. 1999), then by 1 km h-1 to the superior speeds. the power of the exercise is more important These stages are separated by one minute of at the beginning of the effort than the aver- recovery to allow a sample of blood to be age the power of the exercise. This could taken. At each stage, the athletes should explain a faster adaptation of the consump- follow the speed imposed by a broadcasting tion of oxygen. On the contrary, in the study device of sound signals (which replaces the of Nummela and Rusko (1995), the power of usual cassette) The test is stopped when the the exercise on treadmill running is constant. athletes are not capable any more of fol- The athletes in this study reached a VO2 lowing the rhythm imposed by the signals equal to 79 % of VO2max at the end of the and are unable to make the mark by the test. signal So, it can be interesting to look at 800m IV.2 - The 800m running in its reality, where the departure is faster than the average speed of running to The athlete is asked to perform a regular warm-up (jogging, stretches, mobility exercis- determine at which moment VO2 peak is reached. es, straight lines), and each athlete performs exactly the same warm-up. This is followed by III.3 - Does one maintain VO2 800 or a break of 4 minutes. The material (heart-rate VO2 max during the 800m? monitor, K4) is gradually put on during the This question cannot be supported by the warm-up. For each runner, the speed is pre- knowledge of the previous studies. It is determined for the first 350 metres of run- indeed more the observation of the progress ning according to the model of running of the running that leads(infers) us to put described by Gajer et al. (2000) and modulat- forward this hypothesis. The athletes slow ed with the athlete and the trainer according down at the end of 800m but the speed at to the form and the specificity of the runner. the end of running remains superior to MAS. Whistle blowing each 50m on the basis of Some researchers before us among whom established times allow to the athlete to Pérey & Candeau (1999) were able to note adjust accordingly.
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