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Driver Assistive Truck Platooning: Considerations for Florida State Agencies

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Driver Assistive Truck Platooning: Considerations for Florida State Agencies Driver Assistive Truck Platooning: Considerations for Florida State Agencies Dr. Carl Crane, Mechanical Engineering, University of Florida Dr. Jennifer Bridge, Civil Engineering, University of Florida Richard Bishop, Principal, Bishop Consulting January 31, 2018 Driver Assistive Truck Platooning: Considerations for Florida State Agencies 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................... 8 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 9 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 9 Driver Assistive Truck Platooning: The Basics ................................................................. 10 DATP Literature Review Findings ......................................................................................... 12 DATP Regulations .............................................................................................................................................. 12 DATP Safety Measures and Risk Assessment ...................................................................................... 12 DATP Traffic Interactions .............................................................................................................................. 14 DATP Interactions with Bridge Structures ........................................................................................... 14 DATP Pilot Findings .................................................................................................................. 15 Conclusions and Recommendations ..................................................................................... 16 Safe Operation and Enforcement ............................................................................................................... 16 Planning................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Traffic Operations/Interactions ................................................................................................................. 17 Infrastructure ....................................................................................................................................................... 18 Administrative Processes............................................................................................................................... 18 State Liability ........................................................................................................................................................ 19 Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 19 I. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 21 I.A. Project Objectives .............................................................................................................. 21 I.B. Document Organization ................................................................................................... 23 II. Task 1: Driver Assistive Truck Platooning Literature Review ...................... 24 II.A. Key Findings....................................................................................................................... 24 II.B. Approach to Literature Review ..................................................................................... 27 II.C. Brief Background on Automated Vehicle Developments ...................................... 27 II.C.i. Terminology and Levels of Automation .................................................................................... 28 II.C.ii. Technology Basis for Automated Driving................................................................................ 30 II.C.iii. Cybersecurity ........................................................................................................................................ 30 II.C.iv. Truck Automation Areas of Responsibility for Truck OEMs and Freight Carriers ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 31 II.C.v. Infrastructure Considerations ....................................................................................................... 32 II.D. Automation Activities Specific to Trucking............................................................... 32 II.D.i. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems are the Platform for Platooning and Truck Automation ............................................................................................................................................................ 33 II.D.ii. Current Commercial Truck Automation Activity ................................................................ 35 II.D.iii. Recent and Ongoing Public-Private Sector Projects ........................................................ 35 II.E. Regulatory Aspects for Heavy Truck DATP and Higher Automation Systems . 41 II.E.i. Regulatory Aspects for Truck Automation in General ....................................................... 41 II.E.ii. DATP-oriented regulation ............................................................................................................... 44 II.E.iii. DATP Liability Considerations..................................................................................................... 60 II.E.iv. Summary of Regulatory Findings ............................................................................................... 61 II.F. Standards for Heavy Truck DATP and Higher Automation Systems .................. 63 II.G. Driver Assistive Truck Platooning: Current State of Development ................... 64 II.G.i. DATP Definition ..................................................................................................................................... 64 II.G.ii. DATP Operational Design Domain .............................................................................................. 65 Driver Assistive Truck Platooning: Considerations for Florida State Agencies 2 II.G.iii. Understanding the Critical Role of Connected Braking in Safe DATP Operations ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 70 II.G.iv. Functional Safety for DATP ........................................................................................................... 74 II.G.v. DATP Potential Benefits ................................................................................................................... 74 II.G.vi. DATP Operational Factors ............................................................................................................. 83 II.G.vii. Responsibilities for Freight Carriers When Operating DATP Systems ................. 88 II.G.viii. DATP Driver Considerations ...................................................................................................... 89 II.G.ix. The DATP Business Case: What is Motivating Deployment? ....................................... 99 II.G.x. DATP Commercialization Activity .............................................................................................102 II.H. DATP High-Level Requirements As Defined by Freight Carriers ...................... 103 II.H.i. Setting Inter-vehicle Gap ................................................................................................................104 II.H.ii. Equipment Factors.............................................................................................................................104 II.H.iii. General Operations ..........................................................................................................................105 II.H.iv. Designing for Safety .........................................................................................................................105 II.H.v. Maintenance Considerations .......................................................................................................106 II.H.vi. Driver Considerations for Platooning .....................................................................................106 II.H.vii. Training Needs ..................................................................................................................................107 II.H.viii. Driver Responsibilities ................................................................................................................107 II.H.ix. Standardization and Interoperability .....................................................................................107 II.J. DATP: Traffic Interactions on Public Roads ............................................................ 108 II.J.i. Proposed Performance Measures for Platooning Corridors ..........................................108 II.J.ii. Simulation of Platoon Traffic Interactions .............................................................................110 II.J.iii. Traffic Interactions with EPTC Trucks in Public Traffic ................................................111 II.J.iv. Consideration
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