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Gene Symbol Gene Description ACVR1B Activin a Receptor, Type IB
Table S1. Kinase clones included in human kinase cDNA library for yeast two-hybrid screening Gene Symbol Gene Description ACVR1B activin A receptor, type IB ADCK2 aarF domain containing kinase 2 ADCK4 aarF domain containing kinase 4 AGK multiple substrate lipid kinase;MULK AK1 adenylate kinase 1 AK3 adenylate kinase 3 like 1 AK3L1 adenylate kinase 3 ALDH18A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 18 family, member A1;ALDH18A1 ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Ki-1) ALPK1 alpha-kinase 1 ALPK2 alpha-kinase 2 AMHR2 anti-Mullerian hormone receptor, type II ARAF v-raf murine sarcoma 3611 viral oncogene homolog 1 ARSG arylsulfatase G;ARSG AURKB aurora kinase B AURKC aurora kinase C BCKDK branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase BMPR1A bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA BMPR2 bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type II (serine/threonine kinase) BRAF v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 BRD3 bromodomain containing 3 BRD4 bromodomain containing 4 BTK Bruton agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase BUB1 BUB1 budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 homolog (yeast) BUB1B BUB1 budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 homolog beta (yeast) C9orf98 chromosome 9 open reading frame 98;C9orf98 CABC1 chaperone, ABC1 activity of bc1 complex like (S. pombe) CALM1 calmodulin 1 (phosphorylase kinase, delta) CALM2 calmodulin 2 (phosphorylase kinase, delta) CALM3 calmodulin 3 (phosphorylase kinase, delta) CAMK1 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I CAMK2A calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II alpha CAMK2B calcium/calmodulin-dependent -
Structure-Based Virtual Screening of Hypothetical Inhibitors of the Enzyme Longiborneol Synthase—A Potential Target to Reduce Fusarium Head Blight Disease
J Mol Model (2016) 22: 163 DOI 10.1007/s00894-016-3021-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Structure-based virtual screening of hypothetical inhibitors of the enzyme longiborneol synthase—a potential target to reduce Fusarium head blight disease E. Bresso1 & V. L ero ux 2 & M. Urban3 & K. E. Hammond-Kosack3 & B. Maigret2 & N. F. Martins1 Received: 17 December 2015 /Accepted: 27 May 2016 /Published online: 21 June 2016 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most compounds from a library of 15,000 drug-like compounds. destructive diseases of wheat and other cereals worldwide. These putative inhibitors of longiborneol synthase provide a During infection, the Fusarium fungi produce mycotoxins that sound starting point for further studies involving molecular represent a high risk to human and animal health. Developing modeling coupled to biochemical experiments. This process small-molecule inhibitors to specifically reduce mycotoxin could eventually lead to the development of novel approaches levels would be highly beneficial since current treatments to reduce mycotoxin contamination in harvested grain. unspecifically target the Fusarium pathogen. Culmorin pos- sesses a well-known important synergistically virulence role Keywords Fusarium mycotoxins . Culmorin . Inhibitors . among mycotoxins, and longiborneol synthase appears to be a Homology modeling . Molecular dynamics . Ensemble key enzyme for its synthesis, thus making longiborneol syn- docking thase a particularly interesting target. This study aims to dis- cover potent and less toxic agrochemicals against FHB. These compounds would hamper culmorin synthesis by inhibiting Introduction longiborneol synthase. In order to select starting molecules for further investigation, we have conducted a structure- Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium based virtual screening investigation. -
Folic Acid Antagonists: Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Mechanisms and Applications
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Folic Acid Antagonists: Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Mechanisms and Applications Daniel Fernández-Villa 1, Maria Rosa Aguilar 1,2 and Luis Rojo 1,2,* 1 Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] (D.F.-V.); [email protected] (M.R.A.) 2 Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 28029 Madrid, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-915-622-900 Received: 18 September 2019; Accepted: 7 October 2019; Published: 9 October 2019 Abstract: Bacterial, protozoan and other microbial infections share an accelerated metabolic rate. In order to ensure a proper functioning of cell replication and proteins and nucleic acids synthesis processes, folate metabolism rate is also increased in these cases. For this reason, folic acid antagonists have been used since their discovery to treat different kinds of microbial infections, taking advantage of this metabolic difference when compared with human cells. However, resistances to these compounds have emerged since then and only combined therapies are currently used in clinic. In addition, some of these compounds have been found to have an immunomodulatory behavior that allows clinicians using them as anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an updated state-of-the-art on the use of antifolates as antibacterial and immunomodulating agents in the clinical setting, as well as to present their action mechanisms and currently investigated biomedical applications. Keywords: folic acid antagonists; antifolates; antibiotics; antibacterials; immunomodulation; sulfonamides; antimalarial 1. -
Articles Catalytic Cycling in Β-Phosphoglucomutase: a Kinetic
9404 Biochemistry 2005, 44, 9404-9416 Articles Catalytic Cycling in â-Phosphoglucomutase: A Kinetic and Structural Analysis†,‡ Guofeng Zhang, Jianying Dai, Liangbing Wang, and Debra Dunaway-Mariano* Department of Chemistry, UniVersity of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001 Lee W. Tremblay and Karen N. Allen* Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston UniVersity School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2394 ReceiVed March 26, 2005; ReVised Manuscript ReceiVed May 18, 2005 ABSTRACT: Lactococcus lactis â-phosphoglucomutase (â-PGM) catalyzes the interconversion of â-D-glucose 1-phosphate (â-G1P) and â-D-glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), forming â-D-glucose 1,6-(bis)phosphate (â- G16P) as an intermediate. â-PGM conserves the core domain catalytic scaffold of the phosphatase branch of the HAD (haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase) enzyme superfamily, yet it has evolved to function as a mutase rather than as a phosphatase. This work was carried out to identify the structural basis underlying this diversification of function. In this paper, we examine â-PGM activation by the Mg2+ cofactor, â-PGM activation by Asp8 phosphorylation, and the role of cap domain closure in substrate discrimination. First, the 1.90 Å resolution X-ray crystal structure of the Mg2+-â-PGM complex is examined in the context of + + previously reported structures of the Mg2 -R-D-galactose-1-phosphate-â-PGM, Mg2 -phospho-â-PGM, and Mg2+-â-glucose-6-phosphate-1-phosphorane-â-PGM complexes to identify conformational changes that occur during catalytic turnover. The essential role of Asp8 in nucleophilic catalysis was confirmed by demonstrating that the D8A and D8E mutants are devoid of catalytic activity. -
35 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
35 Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism Georges van den Berghe, M.- Françoise Vincent, Sandrine Marie 35.1 Inborn Errors of Purine Metabolism – 435 35.1.1 Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate Synthetase Superactivity – 435 35.1.2 Adenylosuccinase Deficiency – 436 35.1.3 AICA-Ribosiduria – 437 35.1.4 Muscle AMP Deaminase Deficiency – 437 35.1.5 Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency – 438 35.1.6 Adenosine Deaminase Superactivity – 439 35.1.7 Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Deficiency – 440 35.1.8 Xanthine Oxidase Deficiency – 440 35.1.9 Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency – 441 35.1.10 Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency – 442 35.1.11 Deoxyguanosine Kinase Deficiency – 442 35.2 Inborn Errors of Pyrimidine Metabolism – 445 35.2.1 UMP Synthase Deficiency (Hereditary Orotic Aciduria) – 445 35.2.2 Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency – 445 35.2.3 Dihydropyrimidinase Deficiency – 446 35.2.4 Ureidopropionase Deficiency – 446 35.2.5 Pyrimidine 5’-Nucleotidase Deficiency – 446 35.2.6 Cytosolic 5’-Nucleotidase Superactivity – 447 35.2.7 Thymidine Phosphorylase Deficiency – 447 35.2.8 Thymidine Kinase Deficiency – 447 References – 447 434 Chapter 35 · Disorders of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism Purine Metabolism Purine nucleotides are essential cellular constituents 4 The catabolic pathway starts from GMP, IMP and which intervene in energy transfer, metabolic regula- AMP, and produces uric acid, a poorly soluble tion, and synthesis of DNA and RNA. Purine metabo- compound, which tends to crystallize once its lism can be divided into three pathways: plasma concentration surpasses 6.5–7 mg/dl (0.38– 4 The biosynthetic pathway, often termed de novo, 0.47 mmol/l). starts with the formation of phosphoribosyl pyro- 4 The salvage pathway utilizes the purine bases, gua- phosphate (PRPP) and leads to the synthesis of nine, hypoxanthine and adenine, which are pro- inosine monophosphate (IMP). -
Protein Expression Profile of Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus PAL5, a Sugarcane Endophytic Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium
Proteomics 2008, 8, 1631–1644 DOI 10.1002/pmic.200700912 1631 RESEARCH ARTICLE Protein expression profile of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5, a sugarcane endophytic plant growth-promoting bacterium Leticia M. S. Lery1, 2, Ana Coelho1, 3, Wanda M. A. von Kruger1, 2, Mayla S. M. Gonc¸alves1, 3, Marise F. Santos1, 4, Richard H. Valente1, 5, Eidy O. Santos1, 3, Surza L. G. Rocha1, 5, Jonas Perales1, 5, Gilberto B. Domont1, 4, Katia R. S. Teixeira1, 6 and Paulo M. Bisch1, 2 1 Rio de Janeiro Proteomics Network, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2 Unidade Multidisciplinar de Genômica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3 Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 4 Laboratório de Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 5 Laboratório de Toxinologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacodinâmica- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz- Fundac¸ão Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 6 Laboratório de Genética e Bioquímica, Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Brazil This is the first broad proteomic description of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, an endophytic Received: September 25, 2007 bacterium, responsible for the major fraction of the atmospheric nitrogen fixed in sugarcane in Revised: December 18, 2007 tropical regions. Proteomic coverage of G. diazotrophicus PAL5 was obtained by two independent Accepted: December 19, 2007 approaches: 2-DE followed by MALDI-TOF or TOF-TOF MS and 1-DE followed by chromatog- raphy in a C18 column online coupled to an ESI-Q-TOF or ESI-IT mass spectrometer. -
The Role and Mechanisms of Action of Micrornas in Cancer Drug Resistance Wengong Si1,2,3, Jiaying Shen4, Huilin Zheng1,5 and Weimin Fan1,6*
Si et al. Clinical Epigenetics (2019) 11:25 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13148-018-0587-8 REVIEW Open Access The role and mechanisms of action of microRNAs in cancer drug resistance Wengong Si1,2,3, Jiaying Shen4, Huilin Zheng1,5 and Weimin Fan1,6* Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a length of about 19–25 nt, which can regulate various target genes and are thus involved in the regulation of a variety of biological and pathological processes, including the formation and development of cancer. Drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy is one of the main obstacles to curing this malignant disease. Statistical data indicate that over 90% of the mortality of patients with cancer is related to drug resistance. Drug resistance of cancer chemotherapy can be caused by many mechanisms, such as decreased antitumor drug uptake, modified drug targets, altered cell cycle checkpoints, or increased DNA damage repair, among others. In recent years, many studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in the drug resistance of tumor cells by targeting drug-resistance-related genes or influencing genes related to cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. A single miRNA often targets a number of genes, and its regulatory effect is tissue-specific. In this review, we emphasize the miRNAs that are involved in the regulation of drug resistance among different cancers and probe the mechanisms of the deregulated expression of miRNAs. The molecular targets of miRNAs and their underlying signaling pathways are also explored comprehensively. A holistic understanding of the functions of miRNAs in drug resistance will help us develop better strategies to regulate them efficiently and will finally pave the way toward better translation of miRNAs into clinics, developing them into a promising approach in cancer therapy. -
The Phylogenetic Extent of Metabolic Enzymes and Pathways José Manuel Peregrin-Alvarez, Sophia Tsoka, Christos A
Downloaded from genome.cshlp.org on October 8, 2021 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Letter The Phylogenetic Extent of Metabolic Enzymes and Pathways José Manuel Peregrin-Alvarez, Sophia Tsoka, Christos A. Ouzounis1 Computational Genomics Group, The European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL Cambridge Outstation, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK The evolution of metabolic enzymes and pathways has been a subject of intense study for more than half a century. Yet, so far, previous studies have focused on a small number of enzyme families or biochemical pathways. Here, we examine the phylogenetic distribution of the full-known metabolic complement of Escherichia coli, using sequence comparison against taxa-specific databases. Half of the metabolic enzymes have homologs in all domains of life, representing families involved in some of the most fundamental cellular processes. We thus show for the first time and in a comprehensive way that metabolism is conserved at the enzyme level. In addition, our analysis suggests that despite the sequence conservation and the extensive phylogenetic distribution of metabolic enzymes, their groupings into biochemical pathways are much more variable than previously thought. One of the fundamental tenets in molecular biology was ex- reliable source of metabolic information. The EcoCyc data- pressed by Monod, in his famous phrase “What is true for base holds information about the full genome and all known Escherichia coli is true for the elephant” (Jacob 1988). For a metabolic pathways of Escherichia coli (Karp et al. 2000). Re- long time, this statement has inspired generations of molecu- cently, the database has been used to represent computational lar biologists, who have used Bacteria as model organisms to predictions of other organisms (Karp 2001). -
Metabolism of Nucleotides
METABOLISM OF NUCLEOTIDES Tomáš Kuˇcera Ústav lékaˇrské chemie a klinické biochemie 2. lékaˇrská fakulta, Univerzita Karlova v Praze 2013 NUKLEOTIDY rocy t e c l e e − − − h O O O N −O P O P O P O O O O O O H H H H OH OH heterocycle = nucleobase the name is historic pyrimidine purine nicotinamide, flavine PYRIMIDINE BASES AND NUCLEOSIDES PURINE BASES AND NUCLEOSIDES SOME LESS USUAL BASES AND NUCLEOSIDES 5-formylcytosine 6-methyladenine 4-methylcytosine FUNCTION OF NUCLEOTIDES precursors of DNA and RNA ATP, GTP, CTP, UTP, dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP components of enzyme cofactors NAD(P), FAD, FMN, CoA [(P)APS – (phospho)adenosylphosphosulphate] macroergic “energy quanta” carriers ATP, GTP activated intermediates in biosyntheses UDP-sugars, CDP-diacylglycerols, S-adenosylmethionine second messengers in signal transduction cAMP, cGMP allosteric regulators ATP, ADP, AMP GAINING NUCLEOTIDES pancreatic (deoxy)ribonucleases and intestinal polynucleotidases: NA ! nucleotides nucleotidase of epithelial cells of the intestine: nucleotides ! nucleosides in the intestinal epithelial cells, nucleosides are used intact hydrolyzed by nucleoside (phosphoryl)ases: nucleoside ! base + pentose(-1-phosphate) + [phosphate] — salvage for the cells own need — transport to the blood about 5 % of digested nucleotides into the blood as bases and nucleosides low dietary uptake ) need of biosynthesis PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOSIDES BIOSYNTHESIS 1 PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOSIDES BIOSYNTHESIS 2 UTP SYNTHESIS nucleosidmonophosphate- UMP + ATP kinase UDP + ADP nucleosiddiphosphate- UDP + ATP -
Polymerase Ribozyme with Promoter Recognition
In vitro Evolution of a Processive Clamping RNA Polymerase Ribozyme with Promoter Recognition by Razvan Cojocaru BSc, Simon Fraser University, 2014 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Faculty of Science © Razvan Cojocaru 2021 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2021 Copyright in this work is held by the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Declaration of Committee Name: Razvan Cojocaru Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title: In vitro Evolution of a Processive Clamping RNA Polymerase Ribozyme with Promoter Recognition Committee: Chair: Lisa Craig Professor, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Peter Unrau Supervisor Professor, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Dipankar Sen Committee Member Professor, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Michel Leroux Committee Member Professor, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Mani Larijani Internal Examiner Associate Professor, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Gerald Joyce External Examiner Professor, Jack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics Salk Institute for Biological Studies Date Defended/Approved: August 12, 2021 ii Abstract The RNA World hypothesis proposes that the early evolution of life began with RNAs that can serve both as carriers of genetic information and as catalysts. Later in evolution, these functions were gradually replaced by DNA and enzymatic proteins in cellular biology. I start by reviewing the naturally occurring catalytic RNAs, ribozymes, as they play many important roles in biology today. These ribozymes are central to protein synthesis and the regulation of gene expression, creating a landscape that strongly supports an early RNA World. -
Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow Up
DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12024 REVIEW International clinical guidelines for the management of phosphomannomutase 2-congenital disorders of glycosylation: Diagnosis, treatment and follow up Ruqaiah Altassan1,2 | Romain Péanne3,4 | Jaak Jaeken3 | Rita Barone5 | Muad Bidet6 | Delphine Borgel7 | Sandra Brasil8,9 | David Cassiman10 | Anna Cechova11 | David Coman12,13 | Javier Corral14 | Joana Correia15 | María Eugenia de la Morena-Barrio16 | Pascale de Lonlay17 | Vanessa Dos Reis8 | Carlos R Ferreira18,19 | Agata Fiumara5 | Rita Francisco8,9,20 | Hudson Freeze21 | Simone Funke22 | Thatjana Gardeitchik23 | Matthijs Gert4,24 | Muriel Girad25,26 | Marisa Giros27 | Stephanie Grünewald28 | Trinidad Hernández-Caselles29 | Tomas Honzik11 | Marlen Hutter30 | Donna Krasnewich18 | Christina Lam31,32 | Joy Lee33 | Dirk Lefeber23 | Dorinda Marques-da-Silva9,20 | Antonio F Martinez34 | Hossein Moravej35 | Katrin Õunap36,37 | Carlota Pascoal8,9 | Tiffany Pascreau38 | Marc Patterson39,40,41 | Dulce Quelhas14,42 | Kimiyo Raymond43 | Peymaneh Sarkhail44 | Manuel Schiff45 | Małgorzata Seroczynska29 | Mercedes Serrano46 | Nathalie Seta47 | Jolanta Sykut-Cegielska48 | Christian Thiel30 | Federic Tort27 | Mari-Anne Vals49 | Paula Videira20 | Peter Witters50,51 | Renate Zeevaert52 | Eva Morava53,54 1Department of Medical Genetic, Montréal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada 2Department of Medical Genetic, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 3Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium 4LIA GLYCOLAB4CDG (International -
Searching for Novel Targets to Control Wheat Head Blight Disease—I-Protein Identification, 3D Modeling and Virtual Screening
Advances in Microbiology, 2016, 6, 811-830 http://www.scirp.org/journal/aim ISSN Online: 2165-3410 ISSN Print: 2165-3402 Searching for Novel Targets to Control Wheat Head Blight Disease—I-Protein Identification, 3D Modeling and Virtual Screening Natália F. Martins1, Emmanuel Bresso1, Roberto C. Togawa1, Martin Urban2, John Antoniw2, Bernard Maigret3, Kim Hammond-Kosack2 1EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, Brazil 2Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK 3CNRS, LORIA, UMR 7503, Lorraine University, Nancy, France How to cite this paper: Martins, N.F., Abstract Bresso, E., Togawa, R.C., Urban, M., Anto- niw, J., Maigret, B. and Hammond-Kosack, Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive disease of wheat and other cereals. FHB K. (2016) Searching for Novel Targets to occurs in Europe, North America and around the world causing significant losses in Control Wheat Head Blight Disease— production and endangers human and animal health. In this article, we provide the I-Protein Identification, 3D Modeling and strategic steps for the specific target selection for the phytopathogen system wheat- Virtual Screening. Advances in Microbiol- ogy, 6, 811-830. Fusarium graminearum. The economic impact of FHB leads to the need for innova- http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aim.2016.611079 tion. Currently used fungicides have been shown to be effective over the years, but recently cereal infecting Fusaria have developed resistance. Our work presents a new Received: June 21, 2016 perspective on target selection to allow the development of new fungicides. We de- Accepted: September 11, 2016 veloped an innovative approach combining both genomic analysis and molecular Published: September 14, 2016 modeling to increase the discovery for new chemical compounds with both safety Copyright © 2016 by authors and and low environmental impact.