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Romain Rolland ISBN 978-3-515-11547-6 Romain Rolland www.steiner-verlag.de 6 Kulturwissenschaft Franz Steiner Verlag Franz Steiner Verlag VICE VERSA Deutsch-französische Kulturstudien Einige Zeit war es still geworden um den europäischen Verständigung in jener Zeit. französischen Pazifisten Romain Rolland Neue Quellen und innovative methodi- Romain Rolland (1866–1944). Doch angesichts der aktuel- sche Herangehensweisen ermöglichen 6 len Europa- und weltpolitischen Entwick- einen differenzierten Blick auf Rolland Ein transkultureller Denker lungen lohnt es sich, das Erbe des Euro- als Knotenpunkt der wichtigsten Intel- pa-Vordenkers Romain Rolland neu zu lektuellen-Netzwerke und erschließen so Lüsebrink / Schmeling diskutieren. Auch das aktuelle Interesse das geistige Klima einer ganzen Epoche. Herausgegeben von Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink an der Zeit des Ersten Weltkriegs als Der Schwerpunkt dieses Bandes liegt und Manfred Schmeling Markstein der intellektuellen und politi- daher auf Prozessen der transkulturellen schen Geschichte verlangt nach einem Vernetzung, der intermedialen Wechsel- neuen Blick auf diesen herausragenden wirkung, des Transfers und der Rezep- Akteur der deutsch-französischen und tion in und rund um Rollands Werk. Romain Rolland Herausgegeben von Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink und Manfred Schmeling VICE VERSA Deutsch-französische Kulturstudien Herausgegeben im Auftrag des Frankreichzentrums der Universität des Saarlandes von Manfred Schmeling Band 6 Romain Rolland Ein transkultureller Denker – Netzwerke, Schlüsselkategorien, Rezeptionsformen Romain Rolland Une pensée transculturelle – réseaux, notions clés, formes de réception Herausgegeben von Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink und Manfred Schmeling Franz Steiner Verlag Gedruckt mit freundlicher Unterstützung der Fritz Thyssen Stiftung Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.d-nb.de> abrufbar. Dieses Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist unzulässig und strafbar. © Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2016 Druck: Hubert & Co., Göttingen Gedruckt auf säurefreiem, alterungsbeständigem Papier. Printed in Germany. ISBN 978-3-515-11547-6 (Print) ISBN 978-3-515-11548-3 (E-Book) INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink und Manfred Schmeling Romain Rolland – Aktualität und transkulturelle Dimension seines Werkes. Einleitung ........................................................................................................ 9 Martine Liégeois Pour le lecteur de 2016: littérature de/sur Romain Rolland disponible en librairie ............................... 21 I. ROMAIN ROLLANDS TRANSKULTURELLE NETZWERKE Bernard Duchatelet Romain Rolland et sa correspondance ............................................................ 37 Jean-Pierre Meylan Romain Rolland, initiateur et victime de réseaux politico-idéologiques ........ 51 Susann Gundermann-Link Romain Rolland und Hermann Hesse – transkulturelle Weggefährten im Krieg .......................................................... 59 Blaise Wilfert-Portal Un ‚grand cosmopolite‘? Romain Rolland et l’Italie ou les contradictions d’un inter-nationaliste ........ 75 II. SCHLÜSSELKATEGORIEN, TOPOI UND STEREOTYPE Marina Ortrud M. Hertrampf Jean-Christophe – eine relecture aus transkultureller und intermedialer Perspektive .................. 93 Gwenaële Vincent-Böhmer Romans de l’Europe: Jean-Christophe de Romain Rolland et Das Erbe am Rhein de René Schickele ou vie et mort d’un idéal? ............ 109 6 Inhaltsverzeichnis Annette Lensing Krieg erleben, Frieden ersehnen. Völkerversöhnung schaffen? Die Korrespondenz zwischen Romain Rolland und Lilli Jannasch zu Beginn des Ersten Weltkriegs .................................................................... 121 Clemens Klünemann Der Intellektuelle im Widerspruch. Romain Rolland und die Macht der Stereotypen – zur Aktualität seiner Kritik des kulturellen Gegensatzes ................................ 135 Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink Concepts, topoï et métaphores des dialogues et contacts interculturels dans l’œuvre de Romain Rolland à la veille et au début de la Première Guerre mondiale (1912–1915) ............. 149 III. INTERMEDIALITÄT: KÜNSTE UND KULTUREN IM DIALOG Christiane Solte-Gresser Pazifistisches Engagement in Text und Bild: Romain Rolland und Frans Masereel .............................................................. 165 Zbigniew Naliwajek Vouloir comprendre l’autre: Romain Rolland et la Pologne .......................... 185 Fedora Wesseler Erhabener Idealismus oder Opferbereitschaft eines Wahnsinnigen? Zur Figur des Adam Lux im Theater von Romain Rolland (Le Triomphe de la Raison) und Stefan Zweig (Adam Lux) ........................... 197 Rainer Kleinertz Romain Rollands Haendel im Kontext der aktuellen Händel-Forschung ...... 211 Stephanie Klauk Die ‚andere‘ Musik neben Beethoven. Europa und Nation in Rollands Musik(geschichts)bild .................................. 227 Inhaltsverzeichnis 7 IV. KOMMUNIKATION UND REZEPTION: VOM ZEITZEUGEN ZUR FIKTIVEN GESTALT Roland Marti „Р. Роллан […] Лев Толстой Франции – Romain Rolland est le Tolstoï de la France“ (Maksim Gor’kij) ..................... 243 Hans T. Siepe L’Allemagne, les Allemands et les Juifs dans le Journal de Vézelay 1938–1944 de Romain Rolland .......................... 261 Danielle Risterucci-Roudnicky Romain Rolland, un grand auteur de RDA. Transfert – Traduction – Canonisation ........................................................... 273 Manfred Schmeling Kritik der „Menschengüte“. Romain Rolland im Werk von Yvan Goll ...................................................... 283 ANHANG Zusammenfassungen (dt.) ............................................................................... 301 Résumés (frz.) ................................................................................................. 311 Autorenverzeichnis ......................................................................................... 321 Bildnachweis ................................................................................................... 333 ROMAIN ROLLAND – AKTUALITÄT UND TRANSKULTURELLE DIMENSION SEINES WERKES Einleitung Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink und Manfred Schmeling 1. AKTUALITÄT UND NEUPERSPEKTIVIERUNG Eine Reihe von Faktoren lässt die Beschäftigung mit Romain Rolland heute erneut lohnend erscheinen. Dazu gehört nicht nur das wiedererwachte Interesse an der Zeit des Ersten Weltkriegs als Markstein der intellektuellen und politischen Geschichte und ‚Urkatastrophe‘ des 20. Jahrhunderts. Auch die in jüngerer Zeit edierten Rolland-Korrespondenzen, sein Kriegstagebuch 1938–1944 und weitere Quellen eröffnen einen umfassenderen Blick auf Romain Rolland als Kulturvermittler und Zeitzeuge. Rollands umfangreicher Briefwechsel mit einer Vielzahl von bekannten (u. a. Maksim Gor’kij, Sigmund Freud, Annette Kolb, Malwida von Meysenbug, Ernst Robert Curtius, André Gide, Georges Duhamel, Panaït Istrati) und weniger bekannten Zeitgenossen zeigt ihn als Knotenpunkt der wichtigsten Intellektuellen- Netzwerke seiner Zeit und erschließt das geistige Klima einer ganzen Epoche. Allzu lange war der Blick auf Rolland verstellt durch ideologische Konflikte zwischen Ost und West um die Deutung und Vereinnahmung seines Erbes. Inzwi- schen ist die Zeit nicht nur für einen unparteiischeren Blick auf Rolland, sondern auch für eine Aufarbeitung solcher ideologisch gelenkten Rezeptionsstränge gekom- men. Paradigmen wie Kulturtransfer, Kulturvermittlung, Inter- und Transkulturalität erweitern das Spektrum der methodischen Zugänge zu Rollands Denken und Wir- ken und erlauben es, seine Stellungnahmen in den Wirren seiner Zeit, aber auch die Breite der Rolland-Rezeption präziser zu erfassen. Der vorliegende Band ist aus einer im Herbst 2013 am Frankreichzentrum der Universität des Saarlandes veranstalteten internationalen Tagung hervorgegangen. Er schlägt eine ‚Wiederentdeckung‘ und Neuperspektivierung seines Werkes vor, die sich bewusst von dem Pathos distanziert, mit dem vor allem in der Zwischen- kriegszeit, teilweise auch noch nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, ein regelrechter Romain-Rolland-Kult betrieben wurde. Inzwischen (2016) sind 100 Jahre seit der Verleihung des Literatur-Nobelpreises vergangen. Rolland ist heute nicht ohne eine historische Rekontextualisierung zu lesen, die den Blick auf größere zeit- und 10 Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink und Manfred Schmeling ideengeschichtliche Zusammenhänge öffnet und über den Aufweis von Einzel- beziehungen nach Art einer traditionellen Einfluss- und Wirkungsgeschichte weit hinausführt. Für diese neuen Akzentuierungen, besonders in methodologischer Hinsicht, stehen die drei Leitbegriffe des vorliegenden Bandes: Netzwerke, Schlüsselkatego- rien und Rezeptionsformen. Der Netzwerk-Begriff verweist auf die vielfältigen Be- ziehungen, die Rolland mit unzähligen Denkern, Literaten und Künstlern seiner Zeit unterhielt, und sucht sie als differenziertes System von persönlichen Kontak- ten, Soziabilitätsformen, Textsorten und Kulturtransferprozessen zu erfassen und zwar ganz bewusst nicht nur dort, wo Rolland vermittelte, sondern auch dort, wo er hinter seinem eigenen kosmopolitischen Anspruch zurückblieb. Der Begriff der Schlüsselkategorie will vor allem Rollands politisches Denken einer Neulektüre jenseits von überlieferten humanistischen Idealisierungen unterziehen und den Blick
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