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– Wilna – ווילנע – Wilno – Vilnius צו אבזערווירן און צו טראכטן… מו״לים ומתרגמים יידיים של ספרות הוגי דעות גרמניים Yiddish Publishers and TranslaTors of German auThors ThrouGh The lens of Their books ביום 23 ספטמבר 1943 חוסל גטו וילנה, כשנתיים לאחר שהוקם על ידי הגרמנים. היהודים שעוד היו בגטו גורשו או נרצחו בפונאר הסמוך. באלימות ובחוסר אנושיות הגיעה לקיצה היסטוריה בת מאות שנים של "ירושלים של הצפון" או "ירושלים דליטא", כפי שכונתה וילנה היהודית. אוצרות תרבותיים שמקורם ב"ייִדיִש לאַ נד" ובמיוחד בווילנע, שמה היידי של בירת ליטא וילנה היום, אינם משתקפים בנוף הספרותי והתאטרלי העכשווי במקום. תעשיית הוצאות הספרים של אז מציגה את העניין הרב שגילה קהל הקוראים בספרות היידית, כמו גם בתרגומים ליידיש של מחברים אירופאיים, ובמיוחד גרמנים. תרבות הקריאה תרמה, במיוחד בתוך חומות הגטו, להישרדות רוחנית. On September 23, 1943 the Vilna Ghetto, established two years earlier by occupying German forces, was liq- uidated, and the remaining Jews were either deported or murdered in the nearby Ponar Woods. With this act of brutality and inhumanity, the centuries old history of the so-called “Jerusalem of the North” or “Jerusalem of Lithuania” ended. The cultural treasures generated into a “Yidishland”, particularly in Vilna – the Yiddish name of the Lithuanian capital Vilnius – are reflected not only in the theatrical and literary worlds. The publishing indus- try of the time attested to a lively interest among reader- ship in Yiddish literature, but also on Yiddish translations of European, especially German authors. Reading helped facilitate intellectual survival, especially in the Ghetto. דער ווילנער ֿפאַ רלאַ ג ֿפון בּ. קלעצקין. בּ אָ ר י ס אָ ר ק אַ ד י י ו ו י ץ ק ל ע צ ק י ן )1875-1937( נולד הוצאות לאור, בתי דפוס בהרודיץ׳, וייסד בית הוצאה לאור משלו׃ דער Publishing Houses, Printers ווילנער ֿפאַ רלאַ ג ֿפון בּ. קלעצקין. הוא היה בין הראשונים שפירסמו ספרות יידית מודרנית. סיבות מסחריות הניעו את העברת ההוצאה לאור לוורשה בשנת 1925. קלעצקין נשאר מקושר לעיר וילנה, בין היתר הודות לעבודתו עם ייִווא, עבורו פירסם בין השנים 1926-1938 את ֿפילאָ לאָ גישע ֿשריפטן. מספר רב של תרגומי יצירות גרמניות ראה אור בין השנים 1925-1931 באמצעות דער ווילנער ֿפאַ רלאַ ג. Vilner farlag fun B. A. Kletskin. Boris Ark- adevich Kletskin (1875-1937), born in Haro- ditsh, founded his own publishing house, the Vilner Farlag fun B. A. Kletskin, in 1910. He issued among the first modern Yid- dish literature. Economic considerations prompted the relocation of the publish- ing house to Warsaw in 1925. But, Kletskin remained true to the city of Vilnius due to his association with YIVO, whose Filol- ogishe Shriftn (Writings on Philology) he published from 1926 to 1938. Numerous translations of German works were printed between 1925 and 1931 by the Vilner Farlag. 3 ד ע ר ֿפ אַ ר ל אַ ג ט אָ מ אָ ר ֿפ ו ן י ו ס ף תרגומים ק אַ מ ע ר מ אַ כ ע ר . באביב 1927 ראו אור TranslaTions ה פ ר ס ו מ י ם ה ר א ש ו נ י ם שאַ ל ר ֿל פאַ ג ט אָ מ אָ ר , יצחק באשעוויס זינגער - Isaac Bashevis Singer 1931 אשר עד שנת היתה ידועה גם בשם סטפן צוויג - Stefan Zweig אַ ר ֿל פאַ ג ט אָ מ אָ ר ֿפ ו ן י ו ס ף ק אַ מ ע ר מ אַ כ ע ר . רומן רולן, Romain Rolland, 1929 בחלק מהפרסומים נראה סמל החברה, עץ תומאס מאן - Thomas Mann הדקל. בית הדפוס הוילנאי Notes i Szwajlich הר הקסמים, Magic Mountain, 1930 היה אחראי עד 1929 לעבודות הדפוס של אריך מריה רמרק - Erich Maria Remarque במערב אין כל חדש, אַ ֿפרלאַ ג טאָ מאָ ר. יותר מכל ידועה ההוצאה All quiet on the Western Front, 1930 לאור בתרגומיה ליידיש של ספרות אירופאית. בחזרה, The Road Back, 1931 עד סוף שנות ה30- תירגמו עבור ֿפאַ רלאַ ג Falk Heilperin - ט אָ מ אָ ר ׃ מ אַ ק ס ו ו ַײ נ ר ַײ ך , ֿפ אַ ל ק ה י י ל ּפ ע ר י ן , ֿפ אַ ל ק ה י י ל ּפ ע ר י ן פרידריך שילר - Friedrich Schiller אליהו ינקב גאָ לדשמידט ויצחק באשעוויס "די ֿיונגפרוי פון אָ רלעאָ ן׃ א ראָ מאַ נטישע זינגער. המצליחים ביותר בין תרגומי התקופה טראַ געדיע", הנערה מאורליאן, ליידיש הינם דלות הפילוסופיה של קרל מרקס The Maid of Orleans, 1929 וזכרונותיו של סלומון מימון. "די ֿפאַ רשווערונג פון ֿפיעסקא אין גענוי", קשר פיאסקו, Fiesco, 1929 מזימה ואהבה, Intrigue and Love, 1929 Farlag Tomor. In the spring of 1927 the וילהלם טל, William Tell, 1929 first publication of the Tomor Publishing House, also known as Tomor-Kamermakher מענדל עלקין - Mendl Elkin until 1931, appeared. The publishing house מקס נורדאו - Max Nordau "צווײ וועלטן", Two Worlds, 1929 was recognizable by its symbol of a palm tree. The printer Notes & Szwaylikh, based מ ש ה נ אַ ד י ר - Moyshe Nadir out of Vilnius, was responsible for all print גרהרט האופטמן - Gerhart Hauptmann -services for Tomor until 1929. The pub "דער אײנגעזונקענער גלאָ ק", הפעמון השקוע, The Sunken Bell, 1929 lisher was known primarily for its Yiddish translations of European works. The top משה זילבּ ורג - Moyshe Zilburg translators until the end of the 1930s were גוסטב מיירניק - Gustav Meyrink הגולם, The Golem, 1925 Max Weinreich, Falk Heiilperin, Eliahu Jankev Goldschmidt and Isaac Bashevis -Singer. The most successful Yiddish trans כתבי עת Journals, maGazines lation of the time was Karl Marx The Pov- דער ּפנקס, Der pinkes (The Index) ,1913 erty of Philosophy and the Autobiography די יודישע וועלט, 1913-1915, Di yudishe Velt (The Jewish World) of Salomon Maimon. גרינינקע �בּ ײמעלעך, 1914-1939, Grininke Beymelekh (Little Green Trees) ליטעראַ רישער �בּ לעטע, 1924-1939, Literarishe Bleter (Literary Papers) ֿפילאָ לאָ גישע ֿשריפטן )ייִווא(, Filologishe Shriftn (YIVO( ,1926-1938 (Philosophic Scriptures) 4 די דרוקערײ ראָ ם / דער פאַ רלאַ ג ראָ ם. בונד. אַ ַלגמײנער ײדישער אַ רבײטערסבונד אין החל מסוף המאה ה18- עסקה משפחת ראָ ם ליטע, פוילן און רוסלאַ נד הוקם בוילנה בשנת בהדפסה והוצאה לאור של ספרים בוילנה. 1897. מטרתו, איחוד כל פועלי אירופה היהודים במהלך המאה ה19- היה זה בית הדפוס הגדול וקבלת הכרה כאומה יהודית ברוסיה. המפלגה ביותר במזרח אירופה. החל משנות השבעים הסוציאליסטית החילונית החליטה על יידיש של המאה ה19- נקראה החברה בשם המוכר כשפתה הלאומית. בין אנשי הבונד נמנו רבים עד היום׃ דפוס האלמנה והאחים ראָ ם. תחילה מן הסופרים, המתרגמים והמוציאים לאור הודפסו רק כתבי דת, כגון המהדורה המלאה בשפה היידית. של התלמוד הבבלי, אך ההחברה הרחיבה את פעילותה גם לכתבי ההשכלה היהודית וספרות Bund. The General Jewish Worker’s Union חילונית. בית הדפוס פעל עד שנת of Lithuania, Poland and Russia (Algemey- 1940 בוילנה. לאחר הכיבוש הסובייטי בית הדפוס ner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in Lite, Poyln un המשיך לפעול כעסק קומוניסטי. .Rusland) was founded in Vilnius in 1897 The goal was the federation of all of the Jewish workers in Eastern Europe and the Romm Printing House. The Romm family recognition of a Jewish Nation in Russia. had been active as printers and publish- The secular socialist party selected Yiddish ers in Vilnius since the end of the 18th as the Jewish National language. Many Yid- century. In the 19th century their print- dish literary figures, translators and pub- ing house was the largest in Eastern lishers considered themselves members Europe. Beginning in the 1870s they took of the Bund. the name Defus haAlmanah ve haAhim Romm (the Publisher of the Widow and the Brothers Romm), which is still known to this day. Originally they exclusively printed religious texts such as the com- plete Babylonian Talmud. They then expanded to include texts of the Jewish Enlightenment (Haskalah) and secular lit- erature. The publishing house existed in Vilnius until 1940. After the Soviet Occu- pation, the printing house continued as a communist operation. 5 יונג־ווילנע. זלמן רייזען, המוציא לאור של ווילנער טאָ ג, הקים באוקטובר 1929 חוג אמנים׃ יונג-ווילנע )וילנה הצעירה(. תוכן החוג כשמו׃ בשירות תרבות היידיש, יציגו משוררים, סופרים וציירים צעירים את עבודותיהם בפני פועלים יהודיים. אנשי החוג ראו את עצמם כאונגרד, בעלי צורת חיים חדשה ומודעות עצמית חדשה כיהודים. חיים גראַ דע, שמשון קאהאן, פערעץ מיראנסקי, אלחנן ו ו אָ ג ל ע ר , ל י י ז ע ר ו ו אָ ל ף ומשה קולבאַ ק היו החברים הפעילים בחוג. עם הכיבוש הגרמני התפרק החוג. חברים רבים נרצחו, עומדים, מימין לשמאל אחרים, כאברהם סוצקעווער, לחמו מנגד Still from riGhT To lefT עם הפרטיזנים. בּ ענציע מכטאָ ם, (Ben Tzion Mikhtom (1909-1941 אלחנן וואָ גלער, (Elkhonen Vogler (1907-1969 Sheyne Efron Yung Vilne. Zalman Reyzen, editor of the ש י י נ ע ע פ ר אָ ם , משה לעווין, (Moyshe Levin (1907-1941 Vilner tog, established an artist’s circle in חיים גראַ דע, (Khayim Grade (1910-1982 October 1929 called Yung Vilne. As the -name implies young poets, writers and art יושבים, מימין לשמאל sittinG from riGhT To lefT ists regularly presented themselves and Shimshon Kahan (1905-1941) their work in service to the promotion of שמשון קאהאן, אַ ֿברהם סוצקעווער, (Avrom Sutzkever (1913-2010 Jewish culture, addressing primarily the שמערקע קאַ טשערגינסקי, (Shmerke Kazcerginsky (1908-1954 -struggles of the working class. Their avant ראָ זע סוצקעווער, Roze Sutzkever garde proclamation was a new way of life לייזער וואָ לף, (Leyzer Volf (1910-1943 and a new self-awareness as Jews. Khayim Grade, Shimshom Kahan, Perets Miranski, Avrom Sutzkever, Elkhonen Vogler, Leyzer Volf and Moyshe Kulbak were active members. The circle disbanded with the German occupation. Many members were murdered, others such as Avrom Sutzkever fought as partisans in the resistance.
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  • L'influence De La Musique Sur La Vie Et Sur L'oeuvre De Romain Rolland," Written by Florence Anne

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    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1939 L'Influence De La Musique Sur La Vie Et Sur 'OeuvrL e De Romain Rolland Florence Anne Duignan Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the French and Francophone Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Duignan, Florence Anne, "L'Influence De La Musique Sur La Vie Et Sur 'OeuvrL e De Romain Rolland" (1939). Master's Theses. 158. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/158 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1939 Florence Anne Duignan -I'! so L 1 INFLUENCE DE LA MUSIQUE SUR LA VIE ET SUR L 1 0EUVRE DE ROMAIN ROLLAND BY FLORENCE ANNE DUIGNAN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LOYOLA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE.OF MASTER OF ARTS Loyola University Chicago 1939 VITA Florence Anne Duignan was born in Chicago; attended Chicago grammar and high schools; was graduated from Chicago Normal College; re­ ceived Bachelor of Music degree from Sherwood Music School in 1931; received Bachelor of Philosophy degree from Loyola University in 1935; is now a teacher in Chicago public schools. -ii- .. TABLE DES MATIERES .. LA PREMIERE PARTIE L 1 INFLUENCE DE LA MUSIQUE SUR LA VIE DE ROMAIN ROLLAND • • • 2 .
  • Premio Nobel Per La Letteratura

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  • ASSOCIATION for JEWISH STUDIES 40TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE Grand Hyatt Washington Washington, DC December 21–23, 2008

    ASSOCIATION for JEWISH STUDIES 40TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE Grand Hyatt Washington Washington, DC December 21–23, 2008

    ASSOCIATION FOR JEWISH STUDIES 40TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE Grand Hyatt Washington Washington, DC December 21–23, 2008 Sunday, December 21, 2008 GENERAL BREAKFAST 8:30 AM – 9:30 AM McPherson/Franklin Square (Note: By pre-paid reservation only) REGISTRATION 8:30 AM – 6:00 PM Independence Foyer AJS BUSINESS MEETING 9:00 AM – 9:30 AM Constitution A AJS BOARD OF 10:30 AM – 2:00 PM Farragut Square DIRECTORS MEETING BOOK EXHIBIT 1:00 PM – 6:30 PM Independence Ballroom (List of Exhibitors, p. 65) FILM SCREENINGS 9:30 AM – 6:30 PM Conference Th eatre (List of Films, pp. 63 - 64) Session 1, Sunday, December 21, 2008 9:30 AM – 11:00 AM 1.1 Constitution A AMERICAN RESPONSES TO NAZISM IN THE 1930s: NEW RESEARCH ON ANTISEMITISM, ISOLATIONISM, AND THE JEWISH REFUGEE PROBLEM Sponsored by the David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies Chair: Racelle Weiman (Temple University) American Elites and the German Jewish Refugee Crisis Laurel Leff (Northeastern University) Antisemitism in the America First Movement June Melby Benowitz (University of South Florida, Sarasota-Manatee) American Jewry and Illegal Immigration to Palestine, 1938–1940 Rafael Medoff (Th e David Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies) 1.2 Constitution B NEH PLANNING GRANTS: TWO CURRENT JEWISH AMERICAN HISTORY PROJECTS Chair: David Martz (National Endowment for the Humanities) Discussants: Gabriel Goldstein (Yeshiva University Museum) Joanne Jacobson (Yeshiva College) Marsha Kinder (University of Southern California) 1.3 Constitution C THE JEWISH WRITINGS OF MICHAEL CHABON Chair: Helene Meyers (Southwestern University) Discussants: Alan L. Berger (Florida Atlantic University) Alisa Braun (University of California, Davis) Ranen Omer-Sherman (University of Miami) 21 SUNDAY, DECEMBER 21, 2008 9:30 AM – 11:00 AM 1.4 Constitution E JEWISH RESPONSES TO MODERN BIBLE CRITICISM: REJECTION, RESISTANCE, ACCOMMODATION Chair: Christian Wiese (University of Sussex) Discussants: Frederick E.
  • New Yiddish Library the New Yiddish Library Is a Joint Project of the Fund for the Translation of Jewish Literature and the National Yiddish Book Center

    New Yiddish Library the New Yiddish Library Is a Joint Project of the Fund for the Translation of Jewish Literature and the National Yiddish Book Center

    New Yiddish Library The New Yiddish Library is a joint project of the Fund for the Translation of Jewish Literature and the National Yiddish Book Center. Additional support comes from The Kaplen Foundation, the Felix Posen Fund for the Translation of Modern Yiddish Literature, and Ben and Sarah Torchinsky. david g. roskies, series editor The Zelmenyaners: A Family moyshe kulbak Saga translated by hillel halkin introduction and notes by sasha senderovich new haven and london Copyright ∫ 2013 by the Fund for the Translation of Jewish Literature and the National Yiddish Book Center. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Yale University Press books may be purchased in quantity for educational, business, or promotional use. For information, please e-mail [email protected] (U.S. o≈ce) or [email protected] (U.K. o≈ce). Set in Scala type by Keystone Typesetting, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kulbak, Moshe, 1896–1940. [Zelmenyaner. English] The Zelmenyaners : a family saga / Moyshe Kulbak ; translated by Hillel Halkin ; introduction and notes by Sasha Senderovich. p. cm. — (The new Yiddish library) Includes bibliographical references. isbn 978-0-300-11232-0 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Jewish families—Belarus—Minsk—Fiction. 2. Jews—Belarus— Minsk—Social life and customs—Fiction. 3. Minsk (Belarus)—Fiction. 4.
  • René Galand, Saint-John Perse, Poet of the Universal

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    René Galand, Saint-John Perse, poet of the universal Saint-John Perse was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1960. Most of the French writers who have won this prize wrote in prose: Romain Rolland, Anatole France, Bergson, Roger Martin du Gard, Gide, Mauriac, Camus, Sartre, Claude Simon. Sartre declined the award: accepting it would have against all his principles. It would have meant condoning the use of literature to give legitimacy to capitalistic institutions. One must recall, however that the first Nobel Prize ever given to a French writer went to a poet: Sully-Prudhomme, who is remembered mostly for a sonnet which appeals mostly to sentimental young persons: “ Le Vase brisé ” [The broken vase]. From Sully-Prudhomme to Saint-John Perse: in the span od half a century, the literary taste of members of the Nobel Academy has remarkably advanced. Saint-John Perse, as is well know, is the pen-name of Alexis Saint-Leger Leger. From the moment when he reached a high rank in the diplomatic service, he felt he had to make a complete separation between his official personality and his literary activity. But why did he choose such an Anglo-Saxon sounding pseudonym? Different explanations have been suggested. It is possible that Alexis Leger, who believes in the prophetic power of poets, was thinking of Saint-John the Baptist whose voice was heard in the desert. Others have indicated that “Saint-John” might come from the American writer of French descent Saint-Jean de Crèvecoeur. Others still, considering the West Indian origins of the poet, have thought that it might allude to the Caribbean island of Saint-John, or that perhaps it could be the English translation of the name of San Juan, the capital of Puerto Rico.
  • Yiddish Modernism and German Modernity in the Weimar

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    Modern Yiddish literature poses a challenge to any model of a secular culture, because this literature is never secular as a static condi- tion, but always secularizing, poised between centripetal references to the Jewish tradition and centrifugal aspirations toward the world beyond. This tension is a consequence of Yiddish’s linguistic character and its function in pre-modern Jewish life as a “fusion language” —that is, a language that consists of several otherwise unrelated linguistic sources (like English!). Yiddish brings together a Hebrew al- Yiddish Modernism phabet and liturgical rhetoric with a Germanic grammar and vocabulary, as well as Slavic and German terminology and syntactic structures. Thus it is simultaneously rooted in a Jewish tradition Modernity in the of textual study and in the Eastern European Weimar Era society to which its speakers trace their origins. By extension, Yiddish literature emerges in the Middle Ages and Renaissance out of a Marc Caplan mediating function, alternately translating sacred Hebrew texts, such as biblical stories or rabbinic legends, into the vernacular language and expectations of its readers, or translating and transforming non-Jewish literature into a Judaic language and worldview. Starting in the 19th century, modern Jewish writers used Yid- dish literature to challenge the norms of Jewish society via the rhetoric of Talmudic learning and the Slavic marketplace. These typically satirical works introduced modern ideals via a camouflage of familiar, parodic rhetorical devices that captured the location of Jewish so- ciety between tradition and modernity, as well as the contradictions of a secretly polemical, outwardly conventional literary discourse. The Yiddish literature produced in Weimar-era Berlin is a provocative example of how Yiddish writers dedicated themselves to a secularizing ideology and aesthetic while remaining bound to traditional habits of Jewish rhetoric, reference, and sensibility.