Le Monde Français du Dix-Huitième Siècle Volume 6, Issue-numéro 1 2021 Pédagogies et héritages Dir. Servanne Woodward Voltaire’s Candide: From the Other Side of Civilization Peter R. Saìz
[email protected] DOI: DOI: 10.5206/mfds-ecfw.v6i1.13888 Voltaire’s Candide: From the other side of Western Civilization […] many years ago I remember asking a scholar of the “Enlightenment” whose talk celebrated ideas of freedom and individualism that were developed in the second half of the century how he might reconsider his ideas if he thought about them from the point of view of people and territories that were colonized then. He said he thought my response was “bizarre.”1 […] while the cosmopolitan is nowhere a stranger, and moves freely from city to city and continent to continent, the slave is defined as unfree. Like a domesticated animal or a commodity, his movements in the world are always chosen and controlled by others. Through these two figures and their encounter in the novel, Voltaire exposes the human condition in a world where individual identity depends upon the rules of commerce.2 Suvir Kaul is enthusiastic about the recent success of ASECS’ panels on “Race and Empire Studies” to “packed audiences” (p. 34), while Ingvild Hageb Kjørholt discusses Voltaire’s optimistic view of British commerce as leveling all otherness in its peaceful magnanimous way, a perspective favoring cosmopolitan luxury in Le Mondain, yet he somewhat reverses course with Candide (1759), where the global tour reveals, “a global geography of commerce and war” the one built on the other (“Cosmopolitans”, 63).