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Brave New World Book Notes
Brave New World Book Notes Brave New World by Aldous Huxley The following sections of this BookRags Literature Study Guide is offprint from Gale's For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare & Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources. (c)1998-2002; (c)2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design and Thomson Learning are trademarks used herein under license. The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction: "Social Concerns", "Thematic Overview", "Techniques", "Literary Precedents", "Key Questions", "Related Titles", "Adaptations", "Related Web Sites". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham. The following sections, if they exist, are offprint from Beacham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults: "About the Author", "Overview", "Setting", "Literary Qualities", "Social Sensitivity", "Topics for Discussion", "Ideas for Reports and Papers". (c)1994-2005, by Walton Beacham. All other sections in this Literature Study Guide are owned and copyrighted by BookRags, Inc. Contents Brave New World Book Notes ...................................................................................................... 1 Contents ..................................................................................................................................... -
Brave New World: the Correlation of Social Order and the Process Of
Brave New World: The Correlation of Social Order and the Process of Literary Translation by Maria Reinhard A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfilment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in German Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2008 ! Maria Reinhard 2008 Author's Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This comparative analysis of four different German-language versions of Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World (1932) shows the correlation between political and socio- cultural circumstances, as well as ideological differences, and translations of the novel. The first German translation was created by Herberth E. Herlitschka in 1932, entitled Welt – Wohin? Two further versions of it were released in 1950 and 1981. In 1978, the East German publisher Das Neue Berlin published a new translation created by Eva Walch, entitled Schöne neue Welt. My thesis focuses on the first translations by both Herlitschka and Walch, but takes into account the others as well. The methodological basis is Heidemarie Salevsky’s tripartite model. With its focus on author and work, commissioning institution and translator, it was developed as a tool to determine the factors influencing the process of literary translation. Within this framework, the translations are contextualized within the cultural and political circumstances of the Weimar and German Democratic Republics, including an historical overview of the two main publishers, Insel and Das Neue Berlin. -
Brave New World and the Rationalization of Industry by James Sexton
Brave New World and the Rationalization of Industry by James Sexton Reprinted from English Studies in Canada 12 (1986): 424-36, with the permission of the author and publisher. [reprinted in Jerome Meckier, Critical Essays on Aldous Huxley New York: G.K. Hall 1996 pp. 88-102.) Rationalization: "the methods of technique and of organisation designed to secure the minimum waste of either effort or material. They include the scientific organisation of labour, standardisation of both materials and products, simplification of processes, and improvements in the system of transport and marketing . [T]he judicious and constant application of . rationalisation is calculated to secure . to the community greater stability and a higher standard of life." —World Economic Conference, Geneva, sponsored by the League of Nations, 1927, defined in L. Urwick, The Meaning of Rationalisation, 1929. Near the passage which Huxley took as an epigraph to Brave New World, Nicolas Berdyaev speaks of socialist Russia as a satanocracy where the individual is subordinated to the collectivity. He asserts that human and spiritual values are being sacrificed to the false god of materialism, that life's centre of gravity has shifted to economics, and that man has been converted to a mere economic category. 1 Much of Berdyaev's thought is a footnote to the Grand Inquisitor chapter of Dostoevski's The Brothers Karamazov, which sets in opposition two views of human nature: wholly materialistic man (homo oeconomicus) versus "soul-encumbered" man. But interestingly the Grand Inquisitor's materialist vision of man is congruent with that of Henry Ford, whose My Life and Work is the Bible of Brave New World. -
How to Quote Voltaire: the Edition to Use1 February 2021
How to quote Voltaire: the edition to use1 February 2021 A complete alphabetical list of Voltaire texts and in which edition and volume to find them. The Voltaire Foundation’s Œuvres complètes de Voltaire (OCV) edition includes most texts, but for those not yet published in OCV, the 1877-1885 Moland edition (M) is mostly given. Abbreviations used AP Ajouts posthumes Best., followed by a a letter printed in Voltaire’s correspondence, ed. Th. Besterman, number 107 vol. (Geneva, 1953-1965, 1st edition) BnC Bibliothèque nationale de France: Catalogue général des livres imprimés, 213-214 (1978) BnF, ms.fr. Bibliothèque nationale de France: Manuscrits français BnF, n.a.fr. Bibliothèque nationale de France: Nouvelles acquisitions françaises D, followed by a number a letter printed in Voltaire, Correspondence and related documents, ed. Th. Besterman, in OCV, vol.85-135 DP Dictionnaire philosophique Lizé Voltaire, Grimm et la Correspondence littéraire, SVEC 180 (1979) M Œuvres complètes de Voltaire, éd. Louis Moland, 52 vol. (Paris, Garnier, 1877-1885) NM Nouveaux Mélanges philosophiques, historiques, critiques ([Genève], 1768) OA Œuvres alphabétiques (Articles pour l’Encyclopédie, Articles pour le Dictionnaire de l’Académie) OCV Œuvres complètes de Voltaire (Voltaire Foundation, Oxford, 1968- ) QE Questions sur l’Encyclopédie RC Romans et Contes, ed. Frédéric Deloffre et Jacques van den Heuvel (Paris, Gallimard [Pléiade], 1979) RHLF Revue d’histoire littéraire de la France (Presses universitaire de France) SVEC Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century (Voltaire Foundation) Vauger ‘Vauger’s lists of Voltaire’s writings, 1757-1785’ (D.app.161, OCV, vol.102, p.509-10) W72P Œuvres de M. -
Voltaire Et Le Sauvage Civilisé
San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks Master's Theses Master's Theses and Graduate Research Spring 2010 Voltaire et le sauvage civilisé Christopher J. Barros San Jose State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses Recommended Citation Barros, Christopher J., "Voltaire et le sauvage civilisé" (2010). Master's Theses. 3747. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.883s-xa8q https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/3747 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Master's Theses and Graduate Research at SJSU ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of SJSU ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOLTAIRE ET LE « SAUVAGE CIVILISÉ » A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of World Languages and Literatures San José State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Master of Arts by Christopher J. Barros May 2010 © 2010 Christopher J. Barros ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Designated Thesis Committee Approves the Thesis Titled VOLTAIRE ET LE « SAUVAGE CIVILISÉ » by Christopher Joseph Barros APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF WORLD LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY May 2010 Danielle Trudeau Department of World Languages and Literatures Jean-Luc Desalvo Department of World Languages and Literatures Dominique van Hooff Department of World Languages and Literatures ABSTRACT VOLTAIRE ET LE « SAUVAGE CIVILISÉ » by Christopher J. Barros This thesis explores Voltaire’s interpretation of human nature, society, and progress vis-à-vis the myth of the “noble savage,” an image that was widespread in the literature, imagination, and theater of the 17th and 18th centuries. -
An Ecocritical View of Animal Imagery in Aldous Huxley's Brave New World
The Human Animal: An Ecocritical View of Animal Imagery in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World Author: Erik Fredriksson Supervisor: Cecilia Björkén Nyberg Spring term 2013 English 91-120 Halmstad University i Abstract The early twentieth century saw the beginning of modern environmentalism. Intellectuals dreamed up solutions to the world’s problems and hoped for a better future being made possible by advances in science and technology. However, Aldous Huxley produced Brave New World which, as this essay argues, mocks the enthusiasm of his intellectual peers. The dystopian novel depicts a future in which technology dehumanizes the population, and uses a great deal of animal imagery to make this point. This essay analyses the use of animal imagery from an ecocritical perspective arguing that the “pathetic fallacy” is reversed. By examining the use of biotechnology and central planning in the novel, and applying the ecocritical perspective that humanity and nature are part of a whole, this essay argues that society resembles a farm for human animals, which is partly expressed by Huxley’s use of the image of a bee colony. The argument is presented that Huxley satirizes his environmentally concerned peers by depicting a totalitarian state which, though unconcerned with environmental issues, echoes the eco-fascist methods proposed by the author’s friends and family. Keywords: Aldous Huxley, Julian Huxley, ecocriticism, biofuturism, zoomorphism, dystopia, science fiction, animal imagery, environmentalism. ii Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................... -
Voltaire's Candide
CANDIDE Voltaire 1759 © 1998, Electronic Scholarly Publishing Project http://www.esp.org This electronic edition is made freely available for scholarly or educational purposes, provided that this copyright notice is included. The manuscript may not be reprinted or redistributed for commercial purposes without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1.....................................................................................1 How Candide Was Brought Up in a Magnificent Castle and How He Was Driven Thence CHAPTER 2.....................................................................................3 What Befell Candide among the Bulgarians CHAPTER 3.....................................................................................6 How Candide Escaped from the Bulgarians and What Befell Him Afterward CHAPTER 4.....................................................................................8 How Candide Found His Old Master Pangloss Again and What CHAPTER 5...................................................................................11 A Tempest, a Shipwreck, an Earthquake, and What Else Befell Dr. Pangloss, Candide, and James, the Anabaptist CHAPTER 6...................................................................................14 How the Portuguese Made a Superb Auto-De-Fe to Prevent Any Future Earthquakes, and How Candide Underwent Public Flagellation CHAPTER 7...................................................................................16 How the Old Woman Took Care Of Candide, and How He Found the Object of -
Brave New World: a Unit Plan
BRAVE NEW WORLD: A UNIT PLAN Second Edition Based on the book by Aldous Huxley Written by Mary B. Collins Teacher's Pet Publications, Inc. 11504 Hammock Point Berlin, Maryland 21811 Copyright Teacher's Pet Publications, Inc. 1996, 1999 This LitPlan for Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World has been brought to you by Teacher’s Pet Publications, Inc. Copyright Teacher’s Pet Publications 1999 11504 Hammock Point Berlin MD 21811 Only the student materials in this unit plan such as worksheets, study questions, assignment sheets, and tests may be reproduced multiple times for use in the purchaser’s classroom. For any additional copyright questions, contact Teacher’s Pet Publications. 410-641-3437 www.tpet.com [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS - Brave New World Introduction 5 Unit Objectives 8 Reading Assignment Sheet 9 Unit Outline 10 Study Questions (Short Answer) 12 Quiz/Study Questions (Multiple Choice) 18 Pre-reading Vocabulary Worksheets 31 Lesson One (Introductory Lesson) 45 Nonfiction Assignment Sheet 49 Oral Reading Evaluation Form 48 Writing Assignment 1 58 Writing Assignment 2 64 Writing Assignment 3 67 Writing Evaluation Form 68 Vocabulary Review Activities 59 Extra Writing Assignments/Discussion ?s 61 Unit Review Activities 70 Unit Tests 72 Unit Resource Materials 100 Vocabulary Resource Materials 111 3 A FEW NOTES ABOUT THE AUTHOR Aldous Huxley HUXLEY, ALDOUS (1894-1963) Aldous Huxley was born on July 26, 1894 in Godalming, England to a well-educated, prominent family. He went to a preparatory school for his basic education, and then later earned his degree from Balliol College in Oxford. At a young age he contracted an eye disease which left his vision severely impaired. -
And Transhumanism Robert Ranisch & Stefan Lorenz Sorgner Scientific and Technological Advances Have Questioned Predominant Doctrines Concerning the Human Condition
Introducing Post- and Transhumanism Robert Ranisch & Stefan Lorenz Sorgner Scientific and technological advances have questioned predominant doctrines concerning the human condition. Transhumanism and posthumanism are among the most recent and prominent manifestations of this phenomenon. Debates on trans- and posthumanism have not only gained a considerable amount of aca- demic and popular attention recently, but have also created a widespread con- ceptual confusion. This is no surprise, considering their recent dates of origin, their conceptual similarities, and their engagements with similar questions, top- ics, and motifs. Furthermore, trans- as well as posthumanism frequently question their relationship to humanism1 and reconsider what it means to be human. In this regard both movements are streaming beyond humanism. What this means, however, is far from clear and shall be subject of discussion in this volume. In order to make sense of these two approaches and to investigate their inter- relationship, a clarification of these concepts is necessary. As a first approxima- tion, transhumanism can be seen as a stance that affirms the radical transfor- mation of human’s biological capacities and social conditions by means of tech- 1 We will not be able to address the complex histories and varieties of humanism in this chapter. Yet, the following must be noted: The word “humanism” (Humanismus) was coined in 1808 by the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich I. Niethammer in the context of educational curricula, as it is derived from the Latin word humanitas. This word has a variety of meaning but has strongly been identified with the Greek word paideia (παιδεία), e.g., i.) in Cicero’s De Oratore (I, 71) the meaning of the concept hu- manitas corresponds to that of the concept paideia; ii.) in the text Noctes Acticae (XIII, 17) by the Latin author Aulus Gellius, who lived in the 2nd century, an explicit identifi- cation of paideia and humanitas can be found. -
Candide; Or Optimism
(3) Voltaire, Candide. a. Text. Translation in the pubic domain. VOLTAIRE Candide; or Optimism translated from the German of DoctorRalph with the additions which were found in the Doctor=s pocket when he died at Minden1 in the Year of our Lord 1759 [An anonymous translation, edited and adapted by A.C. Kibel] Chapter 1 - How Candide Was Brought Up in a Magnificent Castle and How He Was Driven Out of It In the country of Westphalia, in the castle of the most noble Baron of Thunder-ten-tronckh, lived a youth whom Nature had endowed with a most sweet disposition. His face was the true index of his mind. He had a solid judgment joined to the most unaffected simplicity; and hence, I presume, he had his name of Candide. The old servants of the house suspected him to have been the son of the Baron's sister, by a very good sort of a gentleman of the neighborhood, whom that young lady refused to marry, because he could produce no more than seventy-one quarterings2 in his arms; the rest of the genealogical tree belonging to the family having been lost through the injuries of time. The Baron was one of the most powerful lords in Westphalia, for his castle had not only a gate, but even windows, and his great hall was hung with tapestry. He used to hunt with his mastiffs and spaniels instead of greyhounds; his groom served him for huntsman; and the parson of the parish officiated as his grand almoner. He was called AMy Lord@ by all his people, who laughed at all his jokes. -
FRANÇOIS MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE (1694-1778) Author: George Saintsbury, D.C.L., LL.D
FRANÇOIS MARIE AROUET DE VOLTAIRE (1694-1778) Author: George Saintsbury, D.C.L., LL.D. Encyclopedia Britannica (New York 1911) vol. 28: 199-205. Electronic Text edited, modified & paginated by Dr Robert A. Hatch© VOLTAIRE, FRANCOIS MARIE AROUET DE. French philosopher, historian, dramatist and man of letters, whose real name was François Marie Arouet simply, was born on the 21st of November 1694 at Paris, and was baptized the next day. His father was François Arouet, a notary; his mother was Marie Marguerite Daumart or D’Aumard. Both father and mother were of Poitevin extraction, but the Arouets had been for two generations established in Paris, the grandfather being a prosperous tradesman. The family appear to have always belonged to the yeoman-tradesman class; their special home was the town of Saint-Loup. Voltaire was the fifth child of his parents—twin boys (of whom one survived), a girl, Marguerite Catherine, and another boy who died young, having preceded him. Not very much is known of the mother, who died when Voltaire was but seven years old. She pretty certainly was the chief cause of his early introduction to good society, the Abbé de Châteauneuf (his sponsor in more ways than one) having been her friend. The father appears to have been somewhat peremptory in temper, but neither inhospitable nor tyrannical. Marguerite Arouet, of whom her younger brother was very fond, married early, her husbands name being Mignot; the elder brother, Armand, was a strong Jansenist, and there never was any kind of sympathy between him and François. The Abbé do Châteauneuf instructed him early in belles lettres and deism, and he showed when a child the unsurpassed faculty for facile verse-making which always distinguished him. -
Candide and Other Stories (Oxford World's Classics)
oxford world’ s classics CANDIDE and other stories Voltaire was the assumed name of François-Marie Arouet (1694– 1778). Born into a well-to-do Parisian family, he was educated at the leading Jesuit college in Paris. Having refused to follow his father and elder brother into the legal profession he soon won widespread acclaim for Œdipe (1718), the first of some twenty-seven tragedies which he continued to write until the end of his life. His national epic La Henriade (1723) confirmed his reputation as the leading French literary figure of his generation. Following a quarrel with the worthless but influential aristocrat, the Chevalier de Rohan, he was forced into exile in England. This period (1726–8) was particularly formative, and his Letters concern- ing the English Nation (1733) constitute the first major expression of Voltaire’s deism and his subsequent lifelong opposition to religious and political oppression. Following the happy years (1734–43) spent at Cirey with his mistress Mme du Châtelet in the shared pursuit of several intellectual enthusiasms, notably the work of Isaac Newton, he enjoyed a brief interval of favour at court during which he was appointed Historiographer to the King. After the death of Mme du Châtelet in 1749 he finally accepted an invitation to the court of Frederick of Prussia, but left in 1753 when life with this particular enlightened despot became intolerable. In 1755, after temporary sojourn in Colmar, he settled at Les Délices on the outskirts of Geneva. He then moved to nearby Ferney in 1759, the year Candide was published.