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Spring/Fall 2001 Forestforest Historyhistory Todaytoday Message from the President by Understanding Our Past, We Shape Our Future

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Spring/Fall 2001 Forestforest Historyhistory Todaytoday Message from the President by Understanding Our Past, We Shape Our Future A PUBLICATION OF THE FOREST HISTORY SOCIETY SPRING/FALL 2001 ForestForest HistoryHistory TodayToday MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT By understanding our past, we shape our future STEVEN ANDERSON ne of the most poignant lessons “It’s interesting that before the United from history is that the prosperi- Nations and before the World Trade ty of civilizations is based both Center, Gifford Pinchot dreamed of a Oon the availability and use of natural World Conservation Conference, which resources and on the social interactions finally resulted in the “Lake Success between people and nations. In many ways Conference.” His wife termed the confer- what man does to the land, man does to man. Gifford ence “tragic” (FHT Spring 1999, p. 41), and she describes Pinchot recognized this as he spent many of his last years for- men of little faith and many fears. Two world wars and mulating plans for an international conference on conserva- many revolutions marked the first half of the 20th century. tion that would set a foundation for permanent peace. Pinchot’s goal of a permanent peace and prudent utiliza- The world must and is responding to the attacks of tion of natural resources for the welfare of all nations has September 11, 2001, events that will be considered among the still not arrived. From images of Afghanistan seen on tele- worst atrocities in American history. It is understandable that vision lately it looks like a pretty desolate place. Pinchot’s the initial response was focused on ensuring immediate safety. vision of conservation and world policy were certainly rel- Yet, reflection to situate the crisis in a historical context also evant during his time. We need [visionaries] like him to be began within hours of the attacks. In the end, we must be with us today.” cognizant of the underlying factors and motivations that History shows us that good ideas will not be kept down, move some to violence. Environmental scarcity is only one of even if they survive only as a matter of necessity. The Forest many factors that can lead to violence, but Pinchot consid- History Society is determined to keep the lessons of history ered it “the most potent of them all.” in the public discourse and imagination—keeping them This issue of Forest History Today leads off with an accessible to those working to create and employ the most excerpt from our newly published book The Conservation rational public policy. Diaries of Gifford Pinchot by Harold K. Steen. Steen shares with We are proud of the work of the Forest History Society us entries in Pinchot’s diary from 1939 through his death in and we are reminded how much that work depends on the 1946 that illuminate Pinchot’s conviction that conservation support of the many members and donors who have helped and distribution of natural resources have important roles in to make the Forest History Society all that it is today. Little of nurturing world peace. We also include a reprint of Pinchot’s our success would have been possible without those friends 1940 article in Nature magazine, a paper he had given at the who believe in our work—who believe that by understanding Eighth American Scientific Congress that also provides histor- our past we can shape a brighter future. Thank you for your ical context. past support. We look forward to many years of moving A Forest History Society member recently wrote to us: ahead together. CONTENTS SPRING/FALL 2001 FEATURES Forest 2 Conservation as the Foundation of Permanent Peace: “Fair Access to Natural Resources for History All Nations” Today BY GIFFORD PINCHOT AND HAROLD K. STEEN 8 Conservation as a Foundation of Permanent A PUBLICATION OF THE Peace* FOREST HISTORY SOCIETY BY THE HONORABLE GIFFORD PINCHOT DURHAM, NC 11 Early Forestry in the South and in Mississippi Published December 2001 BY JAMES E. FICKLE 19 The Canadian Forest Service: Catalyst for the Forest Sector BY KEN DRUSHKA AND BOB BURT 29 James F. Dubuar: Lessons Learned from the Man BY JAMES E. COUFAL EDITOR 36 Forest of Time: Research at the Wind River Steven Anderson Experimental Forest 1908–1919 CONTRIBUTING EDITORS BY MARGARET HERRING AND SARAH GREENE Kathy Cox, Michele Justice, 44 Carving Out History: The Basque Aspens Cheryl Oakes, Carol Severance BY JOXE MALLEA-OLAETXE DESIGN STORIES IN HISTORY Zubigraphics 51 Robert (Bob) Selkirk Wood, RPF Forest History Today is published BY TINA OLIVER by the Forest History Society to keep 53 Millicoma: Biography of a Pacific readers apprised of the best forest Northwestern Forest history writing and FHS activities. Please send news items to Steven BY ARTHUR V. SMITH Anderson, 701 Vickers Avenue, 57 Marsh’s Man and Nature in the 21st Century Durham, NC 27701, 919/682-9319 or BY DAVID LOWENTHAL e-mail to: [email protected]. DEPARTMENTS 64 Biographical Portrait: Patrick Matthew BY JOHN E. BARKER 66 History On The Road MARsh-BILLINgs-ROckEFELLER NATIONAL HIstORICAL On the Cover: Austin Cary, shown here in a Florida PARK AND THE CONSERVATION STUDY INSTITUTE pine forest in 1932, had a great skill 67 Books of Interest in making technical forestry procedures understandable to land- 71 Awards and Fellowships owners. Beginning in 1917 73 Mark Your Calendar he tirelessly toured southern lumber operations and convinced them to ANNUAL REPORT experiment on small plots to prove for- est management was viable. He always carried an axe with him and 74 From the Chairman did not hesitate to cut down a 75 Treasurer’s Report: Statement of tree just to illustrate its growth rate by counting the annual rings. Financial Position U.S. Forest Service Photo #267657. 76 Contributions and Project Sponsors 78 Gifts to the Forest History Society Library The Forest History Society and Grey Towers Press recently published The Conservation Diaries of Gifford Pinchot, edited by Harold K. Steen. The following excerpt from the book brings forth Pinchot’s core diary entries concerning his vision of conservation as the foundation to permanent peace. As the entries illuminate, Gifford Pinchot networked with many individuals and organizations to organize an international conference on world peace. His wife, Cornelia Bryce Pinchot was equally involved, and carried on the work by staying in touch with atomic scientists, traveling to Greece to report on the refugee problems after World War II, organizing an exhibit called “Warsaw Lives Again” for the Library of Congress, and attending the United Nations Scientific Conference on the Conservation and Utilization of Resources. Conservation as the Foundation of Permanent Peace “FAIR ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES FOR ALL NATIONS” n his autobiography, Gifford Pinchot allocated twenty-two pages to the description of four conferences: the Conference of Governors (1908), the National Conser- vation Commission (1909), the North American Conservation Conference (1909), Iand the World Conservation Conference (1909). The first three were convened BY GIFFORD PINCHOT AND HAROLD K. STEEN 2 FOREST History Today | SPRING /FALL 2001 and produced proceedings, but the fourth was “killed” by President Taft as part of his larger attempt to rein in his chief forester. Pinchot continued to press for a world conference and peti- tioned Presidents Wilson and Hoover, but to no avail. In late 1939, as World War II drew ever closer to American shores, he began again to push for a conference, this time with special emphasis on “permanent” peace. Even though direct American involvement in the war was still in the future, Pinchot wanted to get his plan to the president so that it could be worked “into the peace terms at the end of this war.” He accepted an invitation to speak at the Eighth American Scientific Congress in May 1940, and his paper was published that August in Nature. The paper would go through several subse- quent revisions, but the main points were firmly in place. He traced the history of his belief, beginning with the conservation philosophy of Theodore Roosevelt. With the war already upon Europe and Asia, Pinchot stated, “War is still an instrument of national policy for the safeguarding of natural resources or for securing them from other nations. Hence international co-oper- ation in conserving, utilizing, and distributing natural resources to the mutual advantage of all nations might well remove one of HOTO # 433352 the most dangerous of all obstacles to a just and permanent P world peace.” ERVICE For another year, Pinchot continued to tinker with his pro- S OREST F posal, then the diaries are fairly silent on the topic until 1945, . S . U Gifford Pinchot wrote the bulk of Breaking New Ground during the 1940s, when he was also occupied with estab- lishing an international conference to address conserva- tion as a means for achieving permanent peace. when he worked through Franklin Roosevelt’s daughter, Anna Boettinger, and others to gain presidential attention. In August 1944 Pinchot wrote to the president, “I enclose for your consid- eration a suggested draft of a letter to Allied Governments pro- posing a Conference on the conservation of natural resources as a necessary requirement for permanent peace.” The State Department added its cautious support, concerned that it might conflict with the proposed creation of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. On March 28, 1945, Pinchot again wrote to Roosevelt that he would continue to refine his proposal for the president to review, following his return from Yalta. FDR died on April 12, and during the funeral four days later, Pinchot discussed his peace plan with Henry Wallace, the former ONGRESS C vice-president and former secretary of Agriculture. On May 8 President Harry Truman wrote to him, “My lamented predeces- IBRARY OF sor placed great faith in your judgment and I shall like to think L that I, too, can seek the counsel which you can give out of so rich and so long an experience.” On May 23 Pinchot noted in his OLLECTION, C diary, “Highly satisfactory talk with President Truman on World Conference at White House.” INCHOT P When he met the president again during an FDR Memorial Although during the 1940s Gifford Pinchot used Anna Boettinger and Committee meeting in August, which Truman chaired, Pinchot others to gain access to President Franklin D.
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