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Fire Management Today Volume 62(3), the Article “Thirtymile Fire: Fire Behavior and Management Response” by Hutch Brown Made Some Incor- Rect Statements

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Fire Management Today Volume 62(3), the Article “Thirtymile Fire: Fire Behavior and Management Response” by Hutch Brown Made Some Incor- Rect Statements Fire today ManagementVolume 65 • No. 1 • Winter 2005 LLARGEARGE FFIRESIRES OFOF 2002—P2002—PARTART 11 United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service CORRECTIONS ON THIRTYMILE In Fire Management Today volume 62(3), the article “Thirtymile Fire: Fire Behavior and Management Response” by Hutch Brown made some incor- rect statements: • p. 26, col. 1, para. 2: The statement that the fire management officers (FMOs) on Thirtymile “had no recent experience with initial and extend- ed attack” is false. In fact, the FMOs had recent experience on dozens of fires with various initial- and extended-attack resources, including smokejumpers, helirappelers, contractors, and ground resources. Those involved in formulating strategy and tactics on Thirtymile, including the FMOs, incident commander, and hotshot supervisor and foreman, had decades of fireline experience among them. • p. 26, col. 3, para. 3: The statement that engines arriving on the fire drove past the fire crew “[w]ithout checking in with the IC” has been proven to be false. The assigned incident commander remembers that engine 701 did check in at the lunch spot. • p. 29, col. 1, para. 1: The reference to media stories as “independent investigations” is misleading in a journal for the international wildland fire community. Newsprint journalism should not be confused with a formal accident investigation following a tragedy fire. We apologize to readers for the inaccuracies in the article and especially to those who might have been affected by them. Fire Management Today is published by the Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC. The Secretary of Agriculture has determined that the publication of this periodical is necessary in the transaction of the pub- lic business required by law of this Department. Fire Management Today is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, at: Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: 202-512-1800 Fax: 202-512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 Fire Management Today is available on the World Wide Web at http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/fire_new/fmt Mike Johanns, Secretary Melissa Frey U.S. Department of Agriculture General Manager Dale Bosworth, Chief Robert H. “Hutch” Brown, Ph.D. Forest Service Managing Editor Tom Harbour, Director Madelyn Dillon Fire and Aviation Management Editor Delvin R. Bunton Issue Coordinator The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communica- tion of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720- 2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal oppor- tunity provider and employer. Disclaimer: The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement of any product or service by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Individual authors are responsible for the technical accuracy of the material presented in Fire Management Today. Fire Management today Volume 65 • No. 1 • Winter 2005 On the Cover: CONTENTS The Southwest: A Record–Breaking Fire Year . 4 Paul Keller Arizona’s Rodeo–Chediski Fire: A Forest Health Problem . 7 Paul Keller Rodeo–Chediski: Tribal Loss . 10 Paul Keller Rodeo–Chediski: Some Underlying Questions . 13 Doug Beal An airtanker dropping retar- The 2002 House River Fire . 16 dant on the Rodeo–Chediski Cordy Tymstra, Bruce MacGregor, and Bruce Mayer Fire, the largest in Arizona his- Hayman Fire Impacts . 19 tory, as it engulfs Mule Canyon Russell T. Graham, Mark A. Finney, Jack Cohen, Peter R. Robichaud, on the Apache–Sitgreaves William Romme, and Brian Kent National Forest. For more on the fire and its aftermath, Forest Fire . 23 see the articles by Paul Keller Larry Scott beginning on page 4. Photo: Washington’s “Awful Conflagration”—The Yacolt Tom Schafer, Show Low, AZ, Fire of 1902 . 24 2002. Rick McClure "Transition": What Does the Word Mean? . 28 Steve Munson and Chad Fisher On Parallel Tracks: The Wildland Fire and Emergency Management Communities . 30 The FIRE 21 symbol (shown below and on the Jeremy A. Keller cover) stands for the safe and effective use of wild- land fire, now and throughout the 21st century. Its Author Index—Volume 64 . 35 shape represents the fire triangle (oxygen, heat, and fuel). The three outer red triangles represent the basic functions of wildland fire organizations Subject Index—Volume 64 . 37 (planning, operations, and aviation management), and the three critical aspects of wildland fire man- SHORT FEATURES agement (prevention, suppression, and prescrip- tion). The black interior represents land affected by fire; the emerging green points symbolize the Websites on Fire . 15 growth, restoration, and sustainability associated with fire-adapted ecosystems. The flame represents fire itself as an ever-present force in nature. For Guidelines for Contributors . 42 more information on FIRE 21 and the science, research, and innovative thinking behind it, contact Photo Contest Announcement . 43 Mike Apicello, National Interagency Fire Center, 208-387-5460. Firefighter and public safety is our first priority. Volume 65 • No. 1 • Winter 2005 3 THE SOUTHWEST: A RECORD-BREAKING FIRE YEAR Paul Keller n 2002, the parched Southwest was drier than it had been in If you lived in New Mexico or Arizona during the I100 years. For the first time in fire season of 2002, nothing was normal. 50 years, the Salt River Project in Arizona—the water supply for the entire Phoenix area—shut down all Not a Drop to Drink In July, a water specialist with power generation at its main dam the USDA Natural Resources The region’s winter 2002 snow pack due to frighteningly low water levels. Conservation Service, doing main- was 5 percent of normal. Runoff into Measurable precipitation in Arizona tenance at a wintertime snow mea- the Colorado River, part of Arizona’s from June 2001 through May 2002 surement site on Arizona’s Coconino water supply, was expected to be only was at the lowest level since record- National Forest, dug a hole 3 feet 24 percent of normal. Lakes were keeping began in 1895. (1 m) deep. The soil was bone dry. literally drying up. The dusty, sun- scorched ranching counties west of Paul Keller, a former hotshot and jour- Ranchers and their cattle were nalist, is a contract writer/editor for the Tucson, AZ, were designated Federal USDA Forest Service, Fire and Aviation disaster areas. suffering the effects. When the Management Staff, Washington Office, Southwest’s usually dependable Washington, DC. Aftermath of the Rodeo–Chediski Fire in Arizona. “I’d never seen a landscape-scale stand replacement fire in ponderosa pine,” said Jim Youtz, supervisory forester for the Fort Apache Agency, USDI Bureau of Indian Affairs. Photo: Tom Iraci, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Portland, OR, 2002. Fire Management Today 4 • Soil moisture levels in northern 2002 Fire Season Outlook for the Arizona were the driest since 1932. Southwest* • The previous year’s dead grass was still standing and could carry fire • Expect initial attack activity through April, May, and June to be above much earlier than usual. normal at all elevation levels. • Early March had high or extreme • Large fire potential will be above normal all season. fire danger conditions for most • Annual and perennial fuels will be more susceptible to carrying sur- locations below 8,500 feet (2,600 face fire than normally expected. m) lacking snow cover. • Given the expected state of both herbaceous and dead fuels, a higher probability of ignition will exist from any ignition source. The team predicted a high poten- • By May, it is expected that 1,000-hour fuel moisture will reach near- tial for fires escaping initial attack record-low values. and transitioning into crown fires. * Posted in February 2002 by the Southwest Interagency Coordination Center, Albuquerque, NM. “Any escaped fires will be extremely resistant to control, more likely to range grass completely vanished, the and intelligence coordinators ana- transition to plume-dominated and high cost of transporting water and lyzed special fire behavior predictive exhibit the potential for long-range feed bankrupted many cattle own- models, examined satellite imagery, spotting.” ers, while others had no choice but and combed through volumes of cur- to sell their stock and ranches. “In rent and historical data—from snow Severe Fire Effects the cattle business you can’t haul water equivalents, to energy release Setting the tone for what was to both water and feed without eventu- components, to standardized precipi- come, a 5,000-acre (2,000-ha) fire ally going beyond your resources,” tation indexes. They found that: lamented C.B. “Doc” Lane, director broke out on February 21. Two more large fires followed before the end of of natural resources for the Arizona • Eastern Arizona’s mountains were the month, with several more igni- Cattleman’s Association. experiencing extreme precipitation tions in March. deficiencies. Some areas had abso- Nothing was normal. Heat-stressed lutely no snowpack. scrub jays in Arizona’s pinyon pine By the end of July, 1,234 fires in the • New Mexico’s mountains had lost Southwest had burned a record- forests abandoned their young. A from 50 to 90 percent of snow homeowner reported coming home breaking 435,000 acres (174,000 cover on south-facing slopes by the ha)—almost five times more than to find a drought-punished, heat- end of February.
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