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Gender Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents Male 397 54.5% Female 329 45.1% SUBTOTAL 726 99.6% Non-Response 3 0.4% TOTAL 729 100% Table 1: Gender of Respondents (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) 7KH TXHVWLRQ RQ *HQGHU RQO\ LQFOXGHG WKUHH EODQN HQWULHV VR WKH UHVSRQVH UDWH LQFOXGHG RYHU  RI WKH WRWDO VDPSOH VL]H RI XQLTXH UHVSRQGHQWVDQGZLOOVHUYHDVWKHSULPDU\GLPHQVLRQIRUGLVDJJUHJDWLQJWKH PHWULFV UHFRUGHG IRU WKH DGGLWLRQDO GLPHQVLRQV FDSWXUHG VXFK DV PRGDO SUHIHUHQFH WUDQVSRUW EXGJHW HWF  *LYHQ WKH GLVSDULW\ LQ UHVSRQVHV ZLWK  UHVSRQGLQJ DV PDOH  KLJKHU WKDQ WKH  UHVSRQGHQWV ZKR LGHQWLILHG DV IHPDOH WKH UDWLR RI PDOHIHPDOH UHVSRQVHV IRU VXEVHTXHQW TXHVWLRQV VKRXOG EH DVVXPHG DW  WR GHULYH HTXLWDEOH UHVSRQVH UDWHV 6HHLQJXQGHUUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIPDOHVRURYHUUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIIHPDOHVZLWKLQ WKH PHWULFV IRU WKH DGGLWLRQDO GLPHQVLRQV DQDO\]HG LQ WKLV TXHVWLRQQDLUH LQGLFDWHDQHHGIRUIXUWKHULQYHVWLJDWLRQDQGDQDO\VLVDQGPD\PHULWDWWHQWLRQ LQVXEVHTXHQWVWXGLHV

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Mode of Transport Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents 49 6.7% Walking M 30 F 19 M 4.1% F 2.6% 5 0.7% Bicycle M 3 F 2 M 0.4% F 0.3% 284 30.0% Private Car M 145 F 139 M 19.9% F 19.1%

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41 5.6% Taxi M 17 F 24 M 2.3% F 3.3% 12 1.7% Minibus M 8 F 4 M 1.1% F 0.6% 249 34.1% Bus M 151 F 98 M 20.7% F 13.4% 0 0.0% Motorbike M 0 F 0 M 0.0% F 0.0% SUBTOTAL 640 87.8% Gender Total M 354 F286 M 48.6% F39.2% Other 83 11.4% Non-Response 6 0.8% TOTAL 729 100% Table 2: Unimodal Commuters (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017)

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Age Range (in years) Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents 285 39.1% 18 -25 M 163 F 122 M 22.4% F 16.7% 225 30.9% 25 – 35 M 119 F 106 M 16.3% F 14.5% 129 17.7% 35 – 45 M 66 F 63 M 9.1% F 8.6% 66 9.1% 45 – 55 M 38 F 28 M 5.2% F 3.8% 19 2.6% 55 – 65 M 10 F 9 M 1.4% F 1.2% 0 0.0% 65 – 75 M 0 F 0 M 0.0% F 0.0% 2 0.3% +75 M 1 F 1 M 0.1% F 0.1% SUBTOTAL 726 99.6% Gender Total M 397 F329 M 54.5% F 45.1% Non-Response 3 0.4% TOTAL 729 100% Table 3: Age of Respondents (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) 7KHDJHUDQJHRIUHVSRQGHQWVVKRZVDSUHSRQGHUDQFHRISDUWLFLSDQWV DW WKH \RXQJHU HQG RI WKH VSHFWUXP 6DPSOLQJ ELDV DURXQG 8QLYHUVLW\

21

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22

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Student Enrolment Status Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents 440 60.4% Yes M 242 F 198 M 33.2% F 27.2% 213 29.2% No M 108 F 105 M 14.8% F 14.4% SUBTOTAL 653 90.8% Gender Total M 350 F 303 M 48.0 F 41.6% Non-Response 9 1.2% Other 67 9.2% TOTAL 729 100% Table 4: Student Enrolment of Respondents (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) 7KH GHWDLOV RI VWXGHQW HQUROPHQW EHORZ UHIOHFWV WKH FRPPHQVXUDWH HIIRUWVE\WKHDGPLQLVWUDWLRQRIHDFKLQVWLWXWLRQWRSURPRWHWKHVXUYH\ZLWKLQ WKHLUVWXGHQWERG\863FRQGXFWHGPXOWLSOHSURPRWLRQVRIWKHVXUYH\WRWKH HQWLUH 863 HPDLO QHWZRUN )18 LQ FRQWUDVW UHFHLYHG RQO\ RQH FRQILUPHG GLVVHPLQDWLRQRISURPRWLRQDOPDWHULDOWKURXJKLWVUHVSHFWLYHHPDLOQHWZRUN

Student Enrolment Location Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents 190 26.1% Not Applicable (Non-students) M 95 F 95 M 13.0% F 13.0% University of the South Pacific (USP), Laucala 380 52.1% Main Campus M 212 F 168 M 29.1% F 23.0% University of the South Pacific (USP), Laucala 50 6.9% Lower Campus M 28 F 22 M 3.8% F 3.0% Fiji National University (FNU), Nasinu 13 1.8% Campus M 8 F 5 M 1.1% F 0.7% 6 0.8% FNU, Samabula Campus M 5 F 1 M 0.7% F 0.1% 0 0.0% FNU, Raiwai Campus M 0 F 0 M 0.0% F 0.0% 0 0.0% FNU, Pasifika Campus M 0 F 0 M 0.0% F 0.0% 3 0.4% FNU, Nabua Campus M F 3 M 0.0% F 0.4% 0 0.0% FNU, Fiji Maritime Academy M 0 F 0 M 0.0% F 0.0% 2 0.3% The University of Fiji, Samabula Campus M 1 F 1 M 0.1% F 0.1% 1 0.1% The University of Fiji, Saweni Campus M 1 F 0 M 0.1% F 0.0% SUBTOTAL 645 88.5% Gender Total M 350 F 295 M 48.0% F 40.5% Non-Response 18 2.5% Other 66 9.0% TOTAL 729 100%

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Table 5: Student Enrolment Location of Respondents (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning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Round Trip Commute Travel Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents Distance (km) 76 10.4% Under 1km M 39 F 37 M 5.3% F 5.1% 179 24.6% 1 – 5km M 99 F 80 M 13.6% F 11.0% 190 26.1% 5 – 10km M 110 F 80 M 15.1% F 11.0% 99 13.6% 10 – 15km M 50 F 49 M 6.9% F 6.7% 55 7.5% 15 – 20km M 33 F 22 M 4.5% F 3.0% 41 5.6% 20 – 25km M 24 F 17 M 3.3% F 2.3% 79 10.8% Over 25km M 40 F 39 M 5.5% F 5.3% SUBTOTAL 719 98.6% Gender Total M 395 F 324 M 54.2% F 44.4% Non-Response 10 1.4% TOTAL 729 100% Table 6: Round Trip Commute Distance (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017)

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25

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Round Trip Commute Travel Distance (km) 15km Under 1km – 5km – 10om - 20km – Over – TOTAL 1km 5km 10km 15km 25km 25km 20km Walking 36 11 2 0 0 0 0 49

Bicycle 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 5 Private 15 54 87 38 32 23 35 284 Car Taxi 6 15 11 7 0 1 1 41 Mode of Transport Minibus 1 0 2 1 0 3 5 12

Bus 12 72 66 36 17 12 30 245

Motorbike 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 71 156 168 82 49 39 71 636 Table 7: Comparison of Mode with Round Trip Commute Travel Distance (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017)  6R WKH WRWDO FRPPXWHU GLVWDQFH UHSRUWHG IDOOV ZLWKLQ WKH UDQJH RI NPNP2QO\NPWRNPRIWKLVWRWDOFDQEHDWWULEXWHGWR DFWLYH WUDQVSRUW PRGHV ZDONLQJ DQG F\FOLQJ  DQG NP WR NP DWWULEXWHG WR WKH EXV V\VWHP 7KLV OHDYHV D UDQJH RI NP WR NP DWWULEXWHGWR3ULYDWH&DU7D[LDQG0LQLEXVPRGHVNPWRNPRI WKLVUHPDLQLQJUHSRUWHGGLVWDQFHWDNHVSODFHLQURXQGWULSMRXUQH\VRIXQGHU NP ZKLFK PD\ EH WDUJHWHG IRU DFWLYH WUDQVSRUW LQWHUYHQWLRQV WR UHDOL]H HPLVVLRQUHGXFWLRQVDQGDOOHYLDWHFRQJHVWLRQLQWKH*UHDWHU6XYD$UHD

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Total # of % of Total Preferred Total # of % of Total Preferred Make Responses Responses Model Responses Responses 341 46.8% Prius 55 7.5% Hilux 34 4.7% Corolla 29 4.0% RAV-4 21 2.9% Fielder 13 1.8% Prado 11 1.5% Yaris 8 1.1% Sai 5 0.7% Alphard 3 0.4% Camry 3 0.4% Land Cruiser 3 0.4% Vios 3 0.4% Wish 3 0.4% Axio 2 0.3% Corona 2 0.3% Toyota F Cressida 2 0.3% M 208 M 28.5% F 18.1% 132 Crown 2 0.3% Echo 2 0.3% Probox 2 0.3% Vitz 1 0.1% Aqua 1 0.1% Caldina 1 0.1% Estima 1 0.1% Fortuner 1 0.1% Hiace 1 0.1% Hilux Surf 1 0.1% Liteace 1 0.1% Platz 1 0.1% Succeed 1 0.1% Tercel 1 0.1% Tundra 1 0.1% 35 4.8% Tucson 8 1.1% Santa Fe 7 1.0% Elantra 6 0.8% Accent 4 0.5% Hyundai M 16 F 18 M 2.2% F 2.5% Sonata 2 0.3% Getz 1 0.1% I10 1 0.1% Terracan 1 0.1% 31 4.3% CX-3 10 1.4% 5 2 0.3% Mazda M 15 F 16 M 2.1% F 2.2% 3 1 0.1% RX-8 1 0.1% 27 3.7% Ranger 16 2.2% Mustang 2 0.3% Ford Everest 1 0.1% M 16 F 11 M 2.2% F 1.5% Focus 1 0.1% Wildtrak 1 0.1% 23 3.2% Sorento 6 0.8% Cerato 4 0.5% Kia Rio 3 0.4% M 11 F 12 M 1.5% F 1.6% Sportage 3 0.4% Optima 2 0.3% 23 3.2% Sunny 3 0.4% Navara 3 0.4% Tilda 2 0.3% Bluebird 1 0.1% Sylphy Nissan Cefiro 1 0.1% M 15 F 8 M 2.1% F 1.1% March 1 0.1% Murano 1 0.1% Pathfinder 1 0.1% March 1 0.1% Skyline 1 0.1%

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Teana 1 0.1% X-Trail 1 0.1% 14 1.9% Forester 4 0.5% Subaru Outback 2 0.3% M 6 F 8 M 0.8% F 1.1% WRX 1 0.1% 11 1.5% Civic 3 0.4% CRV 3 0.4% Honda M 4 F 7 M 0.5% F 1.0% Insight 2 0.3% Accord 1 0.1% 8 1.1% Lancer 2 0.3% Mitsubishi L200 1 0.1% M 7 F 1 M 1.1% F 0.1% Pajero 1 0.1% 7 1.0% Wrangler 3 0.4% Jeep M 2 F 4 M 0.3% F 0.5% Compass 1 0.1% 7 1.0% Discovery 4 0.5% Land Rover Range Rover 2 0.3% M 3 F 4 M 0.4% F 0.5% Defender 1 0.1% 6 0.8% Swift 3 0.4% Alto 1 0.1% Suzuki M 3 F 3 M 0.4% F 0.4% Carry 1 0.1% Jimny 1 0.1% 5 0.7% Phantom 2 0.3% Rolls Royce M 3 F 2 M 0.4% F 0.3% Ghost 1 0.1% 4 0.5% Cruze 2 0.3% Chevrolet Volt 1 0.1% M 2 F 2 M 0.3% F 0.3% Malibu 1 0.1% 2 0.3% D-Max 1 0.1% Isuzu M 0 F 2 M 0.0% F 0.3% - 1 0.1% 2 0.3% Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 2 0.3% M 2 F 0 M 0.3% F 0.0% 2 0.3% Model 3 1 0.1% Tesla M 1 F 1 M 0.1% F 0.1% Model S 1 0.1% 2 0.3% Volvo S70 1 0.1% M 1 F 1 M 0.1% F 0.1% 1 0.1% Dodge Challenge 1 0.1% M 0 F 0 M 0.0% F 0.0% 1 0.1% Great Wall Haval H5 1 0.1% M 1 F 0 M 0.1% F 0.0% 1 0.1% Holden - 1 0.1% M 0 F 1 M 0.0% F 0.1% 1 0.1% Hummer - 1 0.1% M 0 F 1 M 0.0% F 0.1% 1 0.1% Lamborghini - 1 0.1% M 0 F 1 M 0.0% F 0.1% 1 0.1% Volkswagen - 1 0.1% M 0 F 1 M 0.0% F 0.1% SUBTOTAL 559 76.7% SUBTOTAL 372 51.0% F Gender Total M316 M43.3% F32.2% - - 235 Other 33 4.5% Other - Non- Non-Response 137 18.8% 357 49.0% Response TOTAL 729 100% TOTAL 729 100% Table 8: Automotive Preferences of Respondents (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) 2IWKHUHVSRQGHQWVSURYLGHGVRPHIRUPRIZULWWHQUHVSRQVH WRWKHTXHVWLRQUHJDUGLQJWKHLUDXWRPRWLYHSUHIHUHQFHV 7DEOH OHIWWKH ILHOGEODQN2XWRIWKHVHUHVSRQVHVVRPHSDUWLFLSDQWVLQFOXGHGPRUHWKDQ RQH PDQXIDFWXUHU RU EUDQG RI YHKLFOH VR  LQGLYLGXDO UHVSRQVHV ZHUH

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Highest Valued Incentive Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents $1,000 in fuel credit 280 38.4% M 141 F 139 M F 116 15.9% $1,000 in taxi fare M 60 F 56 M F An X-Tasy Mountain Bike with lights, lock, and 108 14.8% a helmet M 82 F 26 M F 119 16.3% A year-long Bus Pass M 62 F 57 M F Cross-trainers & athletic wear for 59 8.1% walking/running to work M 26 F 33 M F SUBTOTAL 682 93.6% Gender Total M 371 F 311 M F Non-Response 8 1.1% Other 39 5.3% TOTAL 729 100% Table 9: Preferred Incentive (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017)

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Highest Valued Incentive $1,000 X-Tasy $1,000 in Year-long Cross-trainers Fuel Mountain Bike Taxi Fare Bus Pass & athletic wear Credit kit Walking 13 5 17 1 6 Bicycle 0 0 1 0 0 139 11 6 7 9 Mode of Private Car Transport Taxi 16 29 7 9 6 Minibus 0 1 0 1 0 Bus 12 16 21 53 10 Motorbike 0 0 0 0 0 Table 10: Current Transport & Preferred Incentive (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017)  UHVSRQGHQWV SURYLGHG RQH RI WKH DOORFDWHG UHVSRQVHV WR ERWK TXHVWLRQV RQ PRGH RI WUDQVSRUW DQG KLJKHVW YDOXHG LQFHQWLYH 2I WKH  ³&DU´ UHVSRQGHQWV QHDUO\ KDOI RI WKRVH ZKR UHVSRQGHG WR WKH TXHVWLRQ UHJDUGLQJ LQFHQWLYHV VXJJHVWHG WKH\ ZRXOG SUHIHU IXHO FUHGLW 7KLV ZRXOG DOORZWKHPWRFRQWLQXHXWLOL]LQJWKHLUFXUUHQWPRGHRIWUDQVSRUW+RZHYHU UHVSRQGHQWVVHOHFWHGLQFHQWLYHVWKDWZRXOGLQGLFDWHLQWHUHVWLQDPRGDOVKLIW IURP SULYDWH FDU WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ  &XUUHQW 7D[L XVHUV DQG %XV XVHUV DOVR GHPRQVWUDWHGLQFHQWLYHGHVLUHVLQOLQHZLWKWKHLUFXUUHQWPRGHRIWUDQVSRUW

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30

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Time of Departure from HOME to WORK Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents 2:00am – 5:00am 5 0.7% 5:30am 3 0.4% 5:45am 4 0.5% 6:00am 38 5.2% 6:05am 1 0.1% 6:10am 3 0.4% 6:15am 8 1.1% 6:20am 4 0.5% 6:25am 0 0.0% 6:30am 49 6.7% 6:35am 2 0.3% 6:40am 2 0.3% 6:45am 21 2.9% 6:50am 5 0.7% 6:55am 1 0.1% 7:00am 102 14.0% 7:05am 0 0.0% 7:10am 4 0.5% 7:15am 24 3.3% 7:20am 12 1.6% 7:25am 3 0.4% 7:30am 114 15.6% 7:35am 0 0.0% 7:40am 11 1.5% 7:45am 28 3.8% 7:50am 10 1.4% 7:55am 1 0.1% 8:00am 107 14.7% 8:05am 0 0.0% 8:10am 6 0.8% 8:15am 12 1.6% 8:20am 2 0.3% 8:25am 0 0.0% 8:30am 39 5.3% 8:35am 0 0.0% 8:40am 0 0.0% 8:45am 5 0.7% 8:50am 1 0.1% 8:55am 0 0.0% 9:00am 51 7.0% 9:05am 1 0.1% 9:10am 0 0.0% 9:15am 0 0.0% 9:20am 1 0.1% 9:25am 0 0.0% 9:30am 4 0.5% 9:35am 0 0.0% 9:40am 0 0.0% 9:45am 1 0.1% 9:50am 0 0.0% 9:55am 0 0.0% 10:00am 23 3.2%

31

10:30am 0 0.0% 11:00am 3 0.4% Non-Response 8 1.1% SUBTOTAL 719 98.6% Other 10 1.4% TOTAL 729 100% Table 11: Home Departure Time (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017)5

Time of Departure from WORK to HOME Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents 12:00pm – 15:00pm 34 4.7% 15:30pm 11 1.5% 15:45pm 0 0.0% 16:00pm 39 5.3% 16:05pm 0 0.0% 16:10pm 0 0.0% 16:15pm 2 0.3% 16:20pm 0 0.0% 16:25pm 0 0.0% 16:30pm 38 5.2% 16:35pm 7 1.0% 16:40pm 3 0.4% 16:45pm 10 1.4% 16:50pm 5 0.7% 16:55pm 1 0.1% 17:00pm 185 25.4% 17:05pm 1 0.1% 17:10pm 9 1.2% 17:15pm 12 3.3% 17:20pm 2 1.6% 17:25pm 0 0.4% 17:30pm 74 15.6% 17:35pm 0 0.0% 17:40pm 2 0.3% 17:45pm 6 3.8% 17:50pm 0 1.4% 17:55pm 0 0.1% 18:00pm 90 14.7% 18:05pm 0 0.0% 18:10pm 0 0.8% 18:15pm 2 1.6% 18:20pm 0 0.3% 18:25pm 0 0.0% 18:30pm 21 5.3% 18:35pm 0 0.0% 18:40pm 1 0.1% 18:45pm 4 0.7% 18:50pm 1 0.1% 18:55pm 0 0.0% 19:00pm 36 4.9% 19:05pm 0 0.0% 19:10pm 1 0.1% 19:15pm 0 0.0% 19:20pm 0 0.0% 19:25pm 0 0.0% 19:30pm 11 1.5% 19:35pm 0 0.0% 19:40pm 2 0.3% 19:45pm 3 0.4% 19:50pm 0 0.0% 19:55pm 0 0.0% 20:00pm 15 2.1%

 'XHWRWKHQXPEHURILQGLYLGXDOGHSDUWXUHWLPHVFRYHUHGDORQJWKHVSUHDG RIUHVSRQGHQWVJHQGHUGLVDJJUHJDWLRQKDVEHHQRPLWWHGIRUWKHVHWZRGDWD VHWVEXWPD\EHGHULYHGIURPWKHUDZGDWDIRUIXWXUHUHIHUHQFHDVQHHGHG 32

20:30pm 5 0.7% 21:00pm 3 0.4% Non-Response 16 2.2% SUBTOTAL 652 89.4% Other 77 10.6% TOTAL 729 100% Table 12: Work Departure Time (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning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±QRWDOORIWKHVXUYH\SDUWLFLSDQWV DUHOHDYLQJIURPWKHVDPHORFDWLRQRIWKH  UHVSRQGHQWVVDLG WKH\ DUH VWXGHQWV DW 863 /DXFDOD DQG /RZHU &DPSXV VR WKH UHPDLQLQJ UHVSRQGHQWVPD\EHGHSDUWLQJIURPRWKHUORFDWLRQV,IPRVWRIWKHUHPDLQLQJ RIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVDUHGHSDUWLQJIURPGLIIHUHQWDUHDVLWZRXOGDLGLQ H[SODLQLQJGLVFUHSDQFLHVLQWKHQRQOLQHDUFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQGHSDUWXUHWLPH DQGDYHUDJHFRPPXWHWLPH

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33

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Respondent Home-to-Work Home-to-Work Work-to-Home Work-to-Home Statistical Values Departure Time Commute Duration Departure Time Commute Duration (minutes) (minutes) Mean 7:36:55 a.m. 39.67 4:24:25 p.m. 44.71 Median 7:30:00 a.m. 30.00 5:00:00 p.m. 30.00 Mode 7:30:00 a.m. 30.00 5:00:00 p.m. 60.00 Range (Minimum) 2:00:00 a.m. 0.00 5:00:00 a.m. 0.00 Range (Maximum) 8:00:00 p.m. 520.00 10:30:00 p.m. 1800.00 Table 13: Commuter Time Statistics (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning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Commuter Total # of WORK-to- % of Total WORK- Total # of HOME-to- % of Total HOME-to- Duration HOME Respondents to-HOME WORK Respondents WORK Respondents (minutes) Respondents 5 40 5.5% 36 4.9% 7.5 4 0.5% 3 0.4% 10 56 7.7% 56 7.7% 12.5 11 1.5% 7 1.0% 15 73 10.0% 59 8.1% 17.5 11 1.5% 9 1.2% 20 69 9.5% 62 8.5% 22.5 7 1.0% 8 1.1% 25 19 2.6% 28 3.8% 27.5 3 0.4% 1 0.1% 30 89 12.2% 90 12.3% 32.5 0 0.0% 2 0.3% 35 19 2.6% 14 1.9% 37.5 11 1.5% 7 1.0% 40 11 1.5% 7 1.0%

34

42.5 36 4.9% 25 3.4% 45 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 47.5 48 6.6% 52 7.1% 50 1 0.1% 1 0.1% 52.5 21 2.9% 16 2.2% 55 3 0.4% 3 0.4% 57.5 4 0.5% 9 1.2% 60 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 65 78 10.7% 101 13.9% 70 0 0.0% 1 0.1% 75 4 0.5% 5 0.7% 80 11 1.5% 3 0.4% 85 7 1.0% 2 0.3% 90 1 0.1% 4 0.5% 95 30 4.1% 24 3.3% 100 3 0.4% 2 0.3% 105 2 0.3% 2 0.3% 110 7 1.0% 7 1.0% 115 0 0.0% 1 0.1% 120 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 125 13 1.8% 16 2.2% 130 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 135 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 140 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 145 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 150 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 155 2 0.3% 1 0.1% 160 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 165 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 170 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 180 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 190 3 0.4% 3 0.4% 200 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 210 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 220 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 230 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 240 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 250 1 0.1% 1 0.1% 260 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 270 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 280 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 290 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 300 1 0.1% 1 0.1% 310 0 0.0% 0 0.0% N/A 1 0.1% 2 0.3% Non- 8 1.1% 23 3.2% Response SUBTOTAL 708 97.1% 694 95.2% Other 21 2.9% 35 4.8% TOTAL 729 100% 729 100% Table 14: Home-Work-Home Commute Duration (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning, 2017) ,WZDVDOVRUHOHYDQWWRFDSWXUHDSLFWXUHRIWKHWUDYHOWDNLQJSODFHE\ UHVSRQGHQWV EHWZHHQ FRPPXWLQJ DFWLYLWLHV 7KLV KHOSV LQGLFDWH DGGLWLRQDO GLVWDQFHDQGWLPHFRPPLWPHQWVPDGHEH\RQGWKHGHSDUWXUHVDQGDUULYDOVWR DQG IURP WKH KRPH UHVSHFWLYHO\ DV DVVRFLDWHG HFRQRPLF DFWLYLW\ DQG HPLVVLRQVZRXOGUHVXOWIURPGD\WLPHSURGXFWLRQDQGFRQVXPSWLRQ

 

35

Daytime Travel? Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents Yes 387 53.1% M 219 F 168 M 30.0% F 23.0% No 281 38.5% M 149 F 132 M 20.4% F 18.1% SUBTOTAL 668 91.6% Gender Total M 368 F 300 M 50.1% 41.5% Non-Response 21 2.9% Other 40 5.5% TOTAL 729 100% Table 15: Daytime Travel (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning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

Daytime Travel Distance (km) Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents Under 1km 80 11.0% M 42 F 38 M 5.8% F 5.2% 1 – 5km 215 29.5% M 118 F 97 M 16.2% F 13.3% 5 – 10km 156 21.4% M 90 F 66 M 12.3% F 9.1% 10 – 15km 65 8.9% M 36 F 29 M 4.9% F 4.0% 15 – 20km 36 4.9% M 20 F 16 M 2.7% F 2.2% 20 – 25km 25 3.4% M 12 F 13 M 1.6% F 1.8% Over 25km 53 7.3% M 28 F 25 M 3.8% F 3.4% N/A 48 6.6% M 26 F 22 M 3.6% F 3.0% SUBTOTAL 678 93.0% Gender Total M 372 F 306 M 51.0% F 42.0% Non Response 51 7.0% Other 0 0.0% TOTAL 729 100% Table 16: Daytime Travel Distance (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017)  $QRWKHULQGLFDWRURIFRQIXVLRQDURXQGWKHORJLFE\UHVSRQGHQWVWKDW PD\LQGLFDWHVRPHRIWKRVHVXUYH\HGGLGQRWIXOO\XQGHUVWDQGWKHTXHVWLRQV LV LQGLFDWHG E\ WKH  UHVSRQGHQWV ZKR SUHYLRXVO\ GHQRWHG WKH\ GLG QRW WUDYHOGXULQJWKHGD\EXWRQO\SHRSOHUHVSRQGHGZLWKHLWKHUDQ1$RU GHFOLQHG WR DQVZHU  7KLV GHPRQVWUDWHV WKH UHVSRQVHV LQ 7DEOH  GR QRW

36

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Off-Hours Travel? Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents Yes 383 52.5% M 207 F 163 M 28.4% F 22.4% No 287 39.4% M 176 F 124 M 24.1% F 17.0% SUBTOTAL 670 91.9% Gender Total M 383 F 287 M 52.5% 39.4% Non-Response 41 5.6% Other 18 2.5% TOTAL 729 100% Table 17: Off-hours Travel (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) 2IIKRXUVWUDYHODFWLYLWLHVDUHVLPLODULQSURILOHWRWKHGD\WLPHWUDYHO DFWLYLWLHVZLWKDYDULDQFHRIRQO\IRXUUHVSRQGHQWV6LPLODULVVXHVUHJDUGLQJ ORJLFDOUHVSRQVHVZHUHQRWTXLWHDVSURQRXQFHG7DEOHVKRZVHLWKHU UHVSRQGLQJDV1$RUOHDYLQJWKHILHOGEODQN7KHUHSUHVHQWHGLQ7DEOH DERYHDVQRWXQGHUWDNLQJDQ\WUDYHOGXULQJRIIKRXUVLVPXFKPRUHFORVHO\ LQOLQHZLWKWKHGDWDEHORZLQ7DEOHZKHUHLQWKHQRQUHVSRQVH1$DQG 8QGHUNPWRWDO

Off-hours Travel Distance Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents (km) Under 1km 29 4.0% M 11 F 18 M 1.5% F 2.5% 1 – 5km 109 15.0% M 51 F 58 M 7.0% F 8.0% 5 – 10km 114 15.6 % M 72 F 42 M 9.9% F 5.7% 10 – 15km 62 8.5% M 36 F 26 M 4.9% F 3.6% 15 – 20km 37 5.1% M 22 F 15 M 3.0 % F 2.1% 20 – 25km 26 3.6% M 14 F 12 M 1.9% F 1.7% Over 25km 64 8.7% M 36 F 28 M 4.9% F 3.8% N/A 136 18.7% M 70 F 66 M 9.6% F 9.1% SUBTOTAL 577 79.1% Gender Total M 312 F 265 M 42.8% F 36.3% Non Response 152 20.9% Other 0 0.0% TOTAL 729 100% Table 18: Off-hours Travel Distance (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017)

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37

WUDYHO WRWDO GLVWDQFH UHSRUWHG UDQJHG IURP D PLQLPXP RI NP WR D PD[LPXPHVWLPDWHLQH[FHVVRINPWRNPRIWKLVWRWDOPD\EH DWWULEXWHGWRUHVSRQGHQWVZDONLQJDQGNPWRNPPD\EHDWWULEXWHGWR F\FOLQJ7KLVPHDQVNP±NP  PD\EHGLVFRXQWHGIURP WKHGD\WLPHWUDYHOGLVWDQFHHVWLPDWHVDVHPLVVLRQIUHHWUDYHO0DVVWUDQVLW WKHEXVV\VWHP PD\DFFRXQWIRUNPWRRYHUNP WR  RIWKHWRWDOGD\WLPHWUDYHOGLVWDQFHRIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVDPSOH

 7KLV OHDYHV NP WR NP  WR   WR WDUJHW IRU HIILFLHQF\ LPSURYHPHQW LQ GD\WLPH WUDYHO EHKDYLRU WKURXJK PRGDOVKLIWV DZD\IURPVPDOOHUYHKLFOHV7KHNPWRNPDFFUXHGWKURXJKWULSV XQGHU NP PD\ EH WDUJHWHG IRU DFWLYH WUDQVSRUW LQWHUYHQWLRQV DQG WKH NPWRNPDFFUXHGWKURXJKWULSVRYHUNPPD\EHWDUJHWIRUPDVV WUDQVLWLQWHUYHQWLRQV

Daytime Travel Distance (km) 15km Under 1km – 5km – 10om - 20km – Over – TOTAL 1km 5km 10km 15km 25km 25km 20km Walking 18 16 8 1 0 0 2 45

Bicycle 1 2 1 0 1 0 0 5 Private 27 87 58 27 23 11 20 253 Car Taxi 7 12 8 5 0 1 1 34 Mode of Transport Minibus 0 5 1 1 0 0 3 10

Bus 19 67 69 23 7 8 20 213

Motorbike 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 72 189 145 57 31 20 46 560 Table 19: Comparison of Mode with Daytime Travel Distance (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions Procedure, and Planning 2017) +RZHYHU LQ WKH FRQWH[W RI RIIKRXUV WUDYHO WKH SKUDVLQJ RI WKH TXHVWLRQLQTXLUHGDVWRKRZIDUUHVSRQGHQWVGULYHRXWVLGHRIFRPPXWHDQG GD\WLPHWUDYHO DIWHUSPDQGRQZHHNHQGV 7KLVPD\KDYHUHVXOWHGLQVRPH FRQIXVLRQUHJDUGLQJDSSURSULDWHUHVSRQVHVDVUHVSRQGHQWVZKRFODLPHG WR SULPDULO\ XVH D PRGH RWKHU WKDQ 3ULYDWH &DU IRU WKHLU FRPPXWH DOVR FODLPHG WR GULYH RIIKRXUV +RZHYHU WKH UHVSRQVH UDWH IRU WKRVH ZKR DQVZHUHGERWKWKHPRGDODQGRIIKRXUVWUDYHOTXHVWLRQVGURSSHGIURP UHVSRQGHQWVZKRUHSOLHGUHJDUGLQJPRGHFRPPXWHGLVWDQFHVWRVR RIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVGHFOLQHGWRDQVZHU,WPD\EHDVVXPHGWKLVSRUWLRQRIWKH

38

VDPSOH VL]H GRHV QRW GULYH RIIKRXUV LQ DQ\ FDSDFLW\ 6XUYH\ UHVSRQGHQWV UHSRUWHG GULYLQJ D PLQLPXP RI NP SHU GD\ RYHU HYHQLQJV DQG ZHHNHQGV ZLWK D PD[LPXP HVWLPDWH LQ H[FHVV RI NP 'DLO\ WULSV WRWDOLQJXQGHUNPSHUUHVSRQGHQWDFFRXQWIRUNP ±NPRIWKLV WRWDOZKLFKVKRXOGEHWDUJHWHGDVWKH³ORZKDQJLQJIUXLW´IRUUHSODFHPHQW WKURXJKVKLIWWRDFWLYHWUDQVSRUWPRGHV7KHUHPDLQLQJNPWRNP LQDFFUXHGWUDYHOGLVWDQFHPD\EHUHGXFHGWKURXJKLPSURYHPHQWVLQRIISHDN PDVVWUDQVLWVHUYLFHV

Driven Distance Outside Office Hours (km) 15km Under 1km – 5km – 10om - 20km – Over – TOTAL 1km 5km 10km 15km 25km 25km 20km Walking 4 12 7 2 1 0 2 28

Bicycle 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 4 Private 9 52 61 37 22 19 44 244 Car Taxi 3 3 2 3 0 0 1 12 Mode of Transport Minibus 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 5

Bus 10 29 27 13 9 4 12 104

Motorbike 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 28 97 98 57 33 24 60 397 Table 20: Comparison of Mode with Driven Distance Outside Office Hours (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) ,QUHJDUGWR YHKLFOHV DYDLODEOHLQ HDFKKRXVHKROG WKHUHVSRQVHVLQ 7DEOHGLIIHUVXEVWDQWLDOO\IURPWKHPDNH PRGHOSUHIHUHQFHVLQFOXGHG DERYH7KHUHVSRQVHVLQ7DEOHUHSUHVHQWYHKLFOHVDFFHVVLEOHWRWKRVHWDNLQJ WKHVXUYH\V2QO\UHVSRQGHQWV  UHSOLHGHLWKHU³1RQH´RUOHIWEODQN WKHDQVZHUILHOG7KLVLQGLFDWHVDWOHDVWRIKRXVHKROGVKDYHYHKLFOHV DYDLODEOHZLWKUHVSRQGHQWV  RIWKDWDQVZHULQJZLWKQRQ VWDQGDUG DQVZHUV RU PXOWLSOH YHKLFOH RSWLRQV VR WKH UDWLR RI YHKLFOHV SHU KRXVHKROGLVSRWHQWLDOO\HYHQKLJKHUWKDQWKHUHVSRQVHUDWH

Transport Options Within Household Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents Subcompact (Toyota Yaris, Nissan March, Suzuki Alto, 53 7.3% Honda Fit, etc.) M 31 F 22 M 4.3% F 3.0% Compact (Toyota Corolla, Ford Focus, Honda Civic, 82 11.2% etc.) M 45 F 37 M 6.2% F 5.1% Sedan/Wagon (Toyota Fielder, Nissan Altima, Subaru 88 12.1% Outback, etc.) M 50 F 38 M 6.9% F 5.2% Minibus or Van (Toyota Hi-ace, Hino Dutro, 17 2.3% Mitsubishi Delica, etc.) M 7 F 10 M 0.9% F 1.4% Pick-up Truck (Toyota Hi-lux, Nissan Navarra, 36 4.9% Mitsubishi F200, etc.) M 19 F 17 M 2.6% F 2.3%

39

2 0.3% Carrier Truck (Isuzu F-Series, Hino 300 series, etc.) M 0 F 2 M 0.0% F 0.3% Sport Utility Vehicle (Toyota Land Cruiser, RAV4, 39 5.3% Nissan Patrol, Pathfinder, Mitsubishi Pajero, etc.) M 24 F 15 M 3.3% F 2.1% Hybrid (Toyota Prius, Honda Insight, Chevrolet Volt, 72 9.9% etc.) M 45 F 27 M 6.2% F 3.7% 0 0.0% Motorcycle/Scooter M 0 F 0 M 0.0% F 0.0% 22 3.0% Bicycle M 9 F 13 M 1.2% F 1.8% 6 0.8% Bus M 5 F 1 M 0.7% F 0.1% 63 8.6% None M 36 F 27 M 4.9% F 3.7% SUBTOTAL 480 65.8% Gender Total M 271 F 226 M 37.2% F 31.0% Other (including Multi-vehicle households) 156 21.4% Non-Response 93 12.8% TOTAL 729 100% Table 21: Transport Options in Respondent Households (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) 7KHPDUJLQRIPDOHWRIHPDOHUHVSRQGHQWVZDVRQSDUZLWKWKH PDOHIHPDOHUDWLRHVWDEOLVKHGIURPWKHLQLWLDOJHQGHUUHVSRQVHTXHVWLRQ,W LVQRWHGWKDWWKHKRXVHKROGDFFHVVVWDWLVWLFVGHOLYHUHGRQFRPPXWHUWUDQVSRUW PRGHV VKRZHG D VOLJKW SUHIHUHQFH WRZDUG SULYDWH YHKLFOHV DQG WD[LV E\ ZRPHQ+RZHYHUDVIDUDVUHVSRQVHVUHJDUGLQJKRXVHKROGDFFHVVWRYHKLFOHV ZRPHQGHQRWHGJUHDWHUSUHVHQFHRIPLQLEXVHVFDUULHUWUXFNVDQGELF\FOHVLQ WKHLUKRXVHKROGVWKDQPHQGHVSLWHQRWXWLOL]LQJWKHPDVIUHTXHQWO\IRUWKHLU VROHWUDQVSRUWPRGHGXULQJFRPPXWHV

Automotive Price Preferences Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents (FJ$) 34 4.7% Less than FJ$1,000 M 16 F 18 M 2.2% F 2.5% 34 4.7% $1,000 - $2,500 M 16 F 18 M 2.2% F 2.5% 30 4.1% $2,500 - $5,000 M 18 F 12 M 2.5% F 1.6% 29 4.0% $5,000 - $7,500 M 20 F 9 M 2.7% F 1.2% 55 7.5% $7,500 - $10,000 M 28 F 27 M 3.8% F 3.7% 119 16.3% $10,000 - $15,000 M 60 F 58 M 8.2% F 8.0% 121 16.6% $15,000 - $20,000 M 64 F 57 M 8.8% F 7.8% 118 16.1% $20,000 - $30,000 M 76 F 42 M 10.4% F 5.8% 81 11.1% $30,000 - $50,000 M 43 F 38 M 6.0% F 5.2% 48 6.6% $50,000 - $90,000 M 29 F 18 M 4.0% F 2.5% 14 1.9% $90,000 - $170,000 M 8 F 6 M 1.1% F 0.8% 4 0.5% More than $170,000 M 3 F 1 M 0.4% F 0.1% SUBTOTAL 687 94.2% Gender Total M 381 F 304 M 52.3% F 41.7% Non-Response 41 5.7%

40

Other 1 0.1% TOTAL 729 100% Table 22: Automotive Market Price Preferences (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning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

Bicycle Price Preferences (FJ$) Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents 90 12.3% Less than FJ$100 M 38 F 52 M 5.2% F 7.1% 201 27.6% $100 - $250 M 111 F 90 M 15.2% F 12.4% 205 28.1% $250 - $500 M 130 F 75 M 17.8% F 10.3% 80 11.0% $500 - $750 M 39 F 41 M 5.4% F 5.6 49 6.7% $750 - $1,000 M 26 F 23 M 3.6% F 3.1% 30 4.1% $1,000 - $1,500 M 20 F 10 M 2.7% F 1.4% 9 1.2% $1,500 - $2,000 M 4 F 5 M 0.5% F 0.7% 6 0.8% $2,000 - $3,000 M 4 F 2 M 0.5% F 0.3% 6 0.8% $3,000 - $5,000 M 3 F 3 M 0.4% F 0.4% 2 0.3% More than $5,000 M 2 F 0 M 0.3% F 0.0% SUBTOTAL 678 93.0% Gender Total M 377 F 301 M 51.7% F 41.3% Non-Response 51 7.0% Other 0 0.0% TOTAL 729 100% Table 23: Bicycle Market Price Preferences (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) 8QOLNH WKH DXWRPRWLYH PDUNHW WKH PDUNHW IRU ELF\FOHV LV QHLWKHU PDWXUHQRUGLYHUVH7KHUHLVDQDUURZVHOHFWLRQRIPDQXIDFWXUHUVFXUUHQWO\ VHQGLQJELF\FOHVWR)LML7KHUHDUHDOVRIDUIHZHUF\FOLVWVUHSUHVHQWHGDPRQJVW WKHUHVSRQGHQWVLQWRWDO$VDUHVXOWWKHUHVSRQGHQWVZRXOGOLNHO\EHUHTXLUHG WRPDNHPRUHDVVXPSWLRQVDERXWSULFHSRLQWVRIELF\FOHV,Q7DEOHDERYH WKHSULFHSRLQWIRUSURYLGLQJDELF\FOHWRVHUYHWKHPDMRULW\RIWKHSRSXODWLRQ  LQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKPDUNHWH[SHFWDWLRQVZRXOGQHHGWRFRPHLQEHORZ

41

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Weekly Commute Costs (FJ$) Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents 52 7.1% Under $10 M 26 F 26 M 3.6% F 3.6% 196 26.9% $10 - $25 M 123 F 72 M 16.9% F 10.0% 225 30.9% $25 - $50 M 115 F 110 M 15.8% F 15.1% 167 22.9% $50 - $100 M 93 F 73 M 12.8% F 10.1% 52 7.1% $100 - $200 M 22 F 30 M 3.0% F 4.1% 19 2.6% Over $200 M 8 F 11 M 1.1% F 1.5% SUBTOTAL 711 97.5% Gender Total M 387 F 322 M 53.1% F 44.2% Non-Response 11 1.5% Other 7 1.0% TOTAL 729 100% Table 24: Weekly Transport Expenditures (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning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

42

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43

Weekly Commute Costs (FJ$) Under $10 - $50 - $100 - Over $25 - $50 TOTAL $10 $25 $100 $200 $200 47 Walking 17 17 8 3 1 1

5 Bicycle 2 1 2 0 0 0

Private 281 8 46 89 99 29 10 Car 40 Taxi 2 4 9 17 6 2 Mode of Transport 12 Minibus 0 3 7 2 0 0

241 Bus 18 105 83 27 6 2

Motorbike 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 47 176 198 148 42 15 626 Table 25: Comparison of Mode with Weekly Commute Costs (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) $FNQRZOHGJLQJ WKHVH YDULDEOHV LW ZRXOG EH EHQHILFLDO WR DQDO\VH VXUYH\ UHVSRQVHV DJDLQVW GLVDJJUHJDWHG ORDQ YDOXHV VSHFLILFDOO\ LVVXHG IRU WUDQVSRUW ILQDQFLQJ LI WKH GDWD FRXOG EH REWDLQHG IURP WKH FRPPHUFLDO OHQGHUV$GGLWLRQDOO\WKHVFDOHRIWKHYHKLFOHUHSDLULQGXVWU\UHTXLUHVIXUWKHU GHWDLOLQJ ZLWK ERWK WKH SULYDWH VHFWRU DQG )5&6 WR GHWHUPLQH KRZ PXFK PRQH\LVGHGLFDWHGWR2 0DVDSHUFHQWDJHRIWKHRYHUDOOWUDQVSRUWPDUNHW $GGLWLRQDOO\ZLWK  7KHH[SHQGLWXUHVFRPPLWWHGWRWUDQVSRUWDUHIXUWKHUGHWHUPLQHGE\WKH UHOLDQFHRIRWKHUVRQVXUYH\UHVSRQGHQWVIRUWUDQVSRUWDVVHHQLQ7DEOH 7UDQVSRUW'HSHQGHQFHEHORZ

Reliance of others for Transport Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents Yes 300 41.2% M 164 F 135 M 22.5% F 18.5% No 415 56.9% M 224 F 190 M 30.7% F 26.1% SUBTOTAL 715 98.1% Gender Total M 388 F 325 M 53.2% F 44.6% Non-Response 14 1.9% Other 0 0.0% TOTAL 729 100% Table 26: Transport Dependence (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) *LYHQWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVZKLFKUHVSRQGHGZLWKD

44

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Is anyone dependent upon you for transport? Yes No Yes 128 303 Are you a Student? No 128 83 Table 27: Comparison of Enrolment with Transport Dependence (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017)

Mode of Transport Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents 3 0.4% Walking M 2 F 1 M 0.3% F 0.1% 6 0.8% Bicycle M 5 F 1 M 0.7% F 0.1% 217 29.8% Private Car M 113 F 103 M 15.5% F 14.1% 85 11.7% Taxi M 40 F 45 M 5.5% F 6.2% 6 0.8% Minibus M 4 F 2 M 0.5% F0.3% 164 Bus M 96 F 68 M 13.2% F 9.3% 1 0.1% Motorbike M 0 F 1 M 0.0% F 0.1% 1 0.1% Private Car; Bicycle M 1 F 0 M 0.1% F 0.0% 2 0.3% Walking; Taxi M 0 F 2 M 0.0% F 0.3% 7 1.0% Private Car; Taxi M 2 F 5 M 0.3% F 0.7% 54 7.4% Bus; Taxi M 30 F 24 M 4.1% F 3.3% 2 0.3% Bus; Taxi; Private Car M 0 F 2 M 0.0% F 0.3% 2 0.3% Minibus; Bus M 1 F 1 M 0.1% F 0.1% 2 0.3% Walking; Bicycle M 1 F 1 M 0.1% F 0.1% 4 0.5% Private Car; Bus M 2 F 2 M 0.3% F 0.3% 1 0.1% Walking; Bus M 1 F 0 M 0.1% F 0.0% 1 0.1% Minibus; Taxi M 1 F 0 M 0.1% F 0.0% 1 0.1% Walking; Minibus; Taxi M 0 F 1 M 0.0% F 0.1% 1 0.1% Minibus; Bus; Taxi M 1 F 0 M 0.1% F 0.0% 1 0.1% Bicycle; Bus; Taxi M 1 F 0 M 0.1% F 0.0% SUBTOTAL 561 76.9% Gender Total M 301 F 259 M 41.3% F 35.5% Other 35 4.8% Non-Response 133 18.2% TOTAL* 729 100% Table 28: Transport Mode Preference (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) 7KHRSSRUWXQLW\IRUUHVSRQGHQWVWRSURYLGHWKHLUSUHIHUUHGPRGHVRI WUDQVSRUWUHVXOWHGLQDQXPEHURIUHVSRQVHVZKHUHPXOWLPRGDODFWLYLWLHVZHUH DFNQRZOHGJHG  ,W LV QRWHG WKDW ZKLOH RQO\ RQH UHVSRQGHQW H[SOLFLWO\

45

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Ideal Weekly Commute Budget Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents (FJ$) 45 6.2% Under $10 M 24 F 21 M 3.3% F 2.9% 173 23.7% $10 - $25 M 104 F 68 M 14.2% F 9.3% 291 39.9% $25 - $50 M 147 F 144 M 20.2% F 19.8% 138 18.9% $50 - $100 M 77 F 60 M 10.6% F 8.2% 14 1.9% $100 - $200 M 7 F 7 M 1.0% F 1.0% 2 0.3% Over $200 M 0 F 2 M 0.0% F 0.3% SUBTOTAL 663 90.9% Gender Total M 359 F 302 M 49.2% F 41.4% Non-Response 66 9.1% Other 0 0.0% TOTAL 729 100% Table 29: Weekly Transport Preferred Budget (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning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

46

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In your opinion, has the quality of Fiji's roads improved in the Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents last five years? Yes 383 52.5% M 221 F 160 M30.3% F 21.9% No 238 32.6% M 123 F 115 M16.9% F 15.8% SUBTOTAL 621 85.1% Gender Total M 344 F 238 M 47.2% F 32.6% Non-Response 15 2.1% Other 93 12.8% TOTAL 729 100% Table 30: Fiji Road Quality Perceptions (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) $VOLJKWPDMRULW\RIUHVSRQGHQWVDIILUPHGWKH\EHOLHYHWKHODUJHVFDOH LQYHVWPHQWVE\WKHJRYHUQPHQWRI)LMLLQ)5$¶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

In your opinion, has the traffic congestion situation in Fiji Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents improved in the last five years? Yes 95 13.0% M 61 F 34 M8.4% F 4.7% No 580 79.6% M 312 F 226 M16.9% F 15.8% SUBTOTAL 675 92.6% Gender Total M 344 F 260 M 42.8% F 35.7% Non-Response 10 1.4% Other 44 6.0% TOTAL 729 100% Table 31: Fiji Congestion Perceptions (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) 7KHUH LV D ODUJH PDMRULW\   DFNQRZOHGJLQJ WKH LQFUHDVH LQ FRQJHVWLRQZKLFKFDQEHGLUHFWO\DWWULEXWHGWRWKHLQFUHDVHLQWUDIILFGHQVLW\ WKURXJKYHKLFOHUHJLVWUDWLRQVRXWSDFLQJURDGQHWZRUNH[SDQVLRQSDUWLFXODUO\

47

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In your opinion, has your ability to travel within Fiji improved in Total # of Respondents % of Total Respondents the last five years? Yes 442 60.6% M 239 F 202 M32.8% F 27.7% No 235 32.2% M 135 F 99 M18.5% F 13.6% SUBTOTAL 677 92.9% Gender Total M 374 F 301 M 51.3% F 41.3% Non-Response 12 1.4% Other 40 6.0% TOTAL 729 100% Table 32: Fiji Mobility Perceptions (Self Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017) 'HVSLWHWKHRSLQLRQVUHJDUGLQJWUDIILFFRQJHVWLRQDFOHDUPDMRULW\RI UHVSRQGHQWV EHOLHYH WUDYHOLQJ ZLWKLQ )LML KDV LPSURYHG RYHU WKH SDVW ILYH \HDUV:KHWKHUWKLVLVGXHWRLQFUHDVHGSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHWUDQVSRUWVHUYLFH VHFWRU UHGXFHG FRVWV IRU SULYDWH YHKLFOH RZQHUVKLS RU RWKHU IDFWRUV WKLV SUHYDLOLQJRSLQLRQUHTXLUHVIXUWKHULQYHVWLJDWLRQWRHVWDEOLVKGLPHQVLRQVRI PHDVXUHPHQWSHRSOHDUHHPSOR\LQJWRGHWHUPLQHWKHLUOHYHORIVDWLVIDFWLRQ ZLWKWKH)LMLODQGWUDQVSRUWQHWZRUN

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Figure 2: In your opinion, what is the most dangerous threat on Fiji Roads? (Self-Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017)

Total (#) of Male Total (#) of Total (#) of Female Desired Transport Improvements Respondents Responses Respondents SUBTOTAL 960 Gender Total 528 957 429 Non-Response 16 Other 0 TOTAL 976 Table 33: In your opinion, what is the most dangerous threat on Fiji Roads? (Self-Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning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Figure 3: What transport problems would you like to solve or see improved? (Self-Response Land Transport Survey – Perceptions, Procedure, and Planning 2017)

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Impact 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Total Improve Health X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 20 & Fitness Reduce X X X 3 Fuel/Emissions Reduce Pollution X X X X 4 Reduce X X 2 Congestion Cost Savings X X X 3 Reduce Auto X 1 Use Reduced O&M X 1 on Infrastructure Family friendly X 1 Lack of X X -2 Infrastructure Lack of X -1 versatility Table 36: Active Transport Modes (Transport Stakeholder Survey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Preference 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Total Biofuel – Natural X 1 Resources Private luxury cars X X X X X X X -7 for wealthy Public Transport X -1 seen as poor mode Airlines X X 1/-1 Buses/bikes X 1 needed Support Public X X X X X X X X X 9 Transport Fuel Standard X 1 Upgrades Sustainable/Fuel X X X X 4 Efficient Vehicles Rail Development X X X X X 5 Maritime X 1 development Taxi Service X 1 Fossil Fuel usage X -1 Data Collection X 1 No preference X 1 Poor X -1 Infrastructure planning Secondhand cars X -1

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57

# Market Drivers 1 Economic – It’s the number of fines regulated that’s boosting the economic contributions of the sector. Social – Public’s focus on procurement of modes of transport boost economy Environmental – has very poor attention done by the sector 2 No Response 3 Unionisation | Traffic congestion (must discourage car use) 4 Shift of demographic population to urban centre. More reliance on vehicles as mode of transport 5 Cost & timeliness of transport. | Develop alternative road across from Nausori & Lami to Suva centre. 6 Business, Trading 7 No Response 8 1. Salary & wages - ability to purchase |2. Size of family determines size of vehicle | 3. Greater awareness of environment guides consumer choices on type, size, and vehicle brand preference" 9 > Accessibility | > Infrastructure | > Safety | > Fares 10 1) Food commodities and building commodities | 2) Travelling to school and work 11 1. Economic: supply/(illegible)/fare/service/income-generation | 2. Social: Education, health, safety, society, culture | 3. Environment: Emission, pollution, health, (illegible) 12 > Banks pushing car loans | > Regulations - climate change & green growth framework | > Cost (e.g. - cheaper Prius = increase in Prius ownership) 13 (Illegible) are to be tougher laws on who to use road (i.e. on wheel or on feet.) 14 Need to stay alive and survive. If you move around then you will be able to achieve things that if you stay put nothing will come to you. 15 The main or most significant driver is the provisions provided in incentives, concessions and rebates policies by Government. 16 No Response 17 Social - access to markets for rural products Economic - Ability to sustain the increasing investment on larger size vehicles for greater mobility of goods and services Environmental - Need to abide by the Kyoto Protocol 18 Increased wealth and ability of debt access to middle-class, coupled to reduced import tariffs for cars, is increasing car ownership. 19 > Costs of vehicles (both secondhand and brand new). | > Infrastructure developments. | > Changing social environments/demographics 20 Economic - rise in personal income has increased no. of cars - incentives for duty concessions of green vehicles has increased no. of vehicles & vehicle ownership Social - owning a car is a symbol of rise in social status and well-being. People compare to those better cars hence the rise in vehicles 21 No Response 22 The need to reduce fossil fuel consumption and air pollution as well as managing traffic. 23 Double standard in laws and legislation. Table 38: Fiji Transport Market Drivers (Transport Stakeholder Survey 2016)

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Incentives 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Total Introduce X X X X X 5 sustainable fuels Introduce X X X 3 sustainable transport modes Electric Vehicles X X X X 4 Biofuel Vehicles X X 2 Energy Efficient X X X 3 Vehicles Public Transport X 1 Improved Euro X 1 Fuel Standards Engine Size X 1 Individual X X X X 4 awareness & Responsibility Customer Service X X 2 Hybrid vehicles X 1 Sustainable X X X X 4 Energy/Transport Infrastructure Vehicle part X 1 standards Service Facilities X 1 Railways X 1 Bicycles X 1 Urban Planning X 1 Battery Systems X 1 Deregistration & X X 2 Scrapping Enforcement & X X X 3 Fines Increase private X 1 vehicle tariffs Table 39: Fiji Transport Incentive Targets (Transport Stakeholder Survey 2016)

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59

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# Equity Drivers 1 Well, so much we wanna be always adopting or copying from abroad nations. Why not we adopt or develop those that will provide efficiency toward the transport sector? 2 Encourage competition (e.g. - the Suva-Naboro corridor is only serviced by one company i.g. Shore Buses.) 3 Good (At times abuse of vehicles usage occurs because of laxity on enforcement). 4 Readily available with affordable parts. 5 None. Fix the roads and footpaths first. 6 No Response 7 Service by individuals 8 1. In general, I believe Fiji is doing comparably well with similar size of transport system. 2. Infrastructure limitations do limit access and affordability. 3. Construction of rural roads affect regularly and choice of routes by taxis and bus operations 9 To some extent. There is a lot of room for improvement. 10 > Create a level playing field for all (weights and rates) 11 1. Mobility: Mass-transport system (Railway) will resolve many issues, e.g. lateness, congestion, inconvenience, overcharged fares. 2. Affordability: Once operating after establishment, railway will be accessible & affordable to many greatest. 3. Capacity: The first rails from Korovou (Tailevu), Nausori, Lami/Suva should be the best for passengers/goods. 12 Not really addressed - I see increase in private car ownership due to cheap car loans & marketing by banks - yet that is only those who have the cash/liquidity. More ""green"" public transport that is cheap & frequent. 13 More consultation to be done and people to be aware the role of LTA and what service they there for. The general public have to be aware of their role rather than to let them exist and not knowing their parts or role in the LTA. 14 Fiji is, we all know, is a Free Country, and everyone is free to make their own choice of Land Transportation, as long as you can afford. 15 There is fair equity and finance leverage in land transport efficiency. 16 No Response 17 There is a visible push to extend mobility to 'Rural' areas which is commendable Improvement: Introduce deterrents during peak hour movement e.g. charge $$ for every say 5km of travel during peak hours. 18 There is no equity in transport and as far as I know equity is not the aim. 19 There is a lot that needs to be done in terms of making land transport infrastructure more accomodating to the disabled and other forms of transport (land). 20 No Response 21 No Response 22 Fiji offers a good range of transport, still changes that can prevent from using private cars. A lot to do for active mode of land transport in terms of infrastructure & safety. 23 It is satisfactory to the effort that we can achieve. Table 40: Fiji Equity in Land Transport (Transport Stakeholder Survey 2016)

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# Identified Efficiency Barriers 1 i. Road Designs ii. Traffic lights controlled manually iii. Review current legislation to address social, environmental, economical benefits in Fiji. 2 i. Corruption in LTA ii. Inability for technology transfer - efficient vehicles to Fiji iii. (No response) 3 i. Single traffic lanes ii. Road humps/traffic lights-unsync iii. Blind spots 4 i. Outdated buses ii. Concentration of public transportation to urban centre iii. Poor quality fuel 5 i. Poor roads - quality & where placed. ii. Suva v Nadi, with many passing lanes. Lack of footpaths in urban residential areas. iii. Import Euro 4 to combat pollution. 6 i. Equal opportunity/level playing field. ii. Appropriate distribution to wealthy, average, and poor. iii. High fuel cost. 7 i. (No response) ii. (No response) iii. (No response) 8 i. Roads/Infrastructure/Lack of Street Lights. ii. Affordability Cost. iii. Lack of Environmentally friendly Incentives to reward those supporting green transport (4. Lack of safe conduct * bad behavior drivers) 9 i. Lack of investment in the industry/lack of financial resources. ii. Lack of coordination between private & public sector. iii. Lack of realistic, practical, and Fiji specific frameworks. 10 i. Non recognition of manufacturer's specifications ii. Minimal weighing facilities (need more) iii. Business that encourage overloading but don't face penalties 11 i. Inappropriate mode of provision vis-à-vis the existing infrastructure, policy, procedure, weather, geography, vehicles, climate, and level of economic/social/technological development ii. Population distribution does not match with the mode of transportation. iii. (No response) 12 i. Use of old vessels/vehicles

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ii. Lack of information. Iii. Subsidisation of fuel-powered vessels 13 i. Train consumers on their (illegible). ii. Conduct of drivers iii. Providing transportation on busy hours 14 i. Congestion of road ii. Insufficient road spaces iii. Unfavourable road surfaces 15 i. Accessibility to transport ii. Regulatory requirements iii. Finance 16 i. Laws & regulations ii. Leadership Gov't. iii. Procedures & Processes 17 i. Lack of access to two lane road - infrastructure - poor planning (strategic directions) ii. Driver behavior. iii. Regulations - should address cases to limit importation of second hand vehicle as well as loading capacity of trucks (overloading > damages to roads). 18 i. Limited possibilities for bus lanes in urban areas. ii. As above for paths/cycle paths. iii. Misjudged financial incentives in the transport sector. 19 i. Need for a quota on vehicles coming in/on Fiji's roads. Fiji does not have the needed infrastructure capacity for the large # of vehicles. ii. Mindset of the public. Public is not open to trying newer forms of transport which may actually be more efficient and cheaper. iii. (No response) 20 i. Huge number of imported private vehicles and inadequate road to cater for the increase leading to congestions. ii. Poor roads and bridges as a result of heavy loads carried by heavy duty vehicles. iii. (No response) 21 i. Non cooperation from dealers to Gov.t Agencies. ii. Traffic Congestion iii. Bad road conditions & accidents 22 i. road infrastructure ii. safety iii. Behaviour of drivers 23 i. Over crowded of vehicles ii. (illegible) iii. Consumption with (illegible) Table 41: Fiji Land Transport Efficiency Barriers (Transport Stakeholder Survey 2016)

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62

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# Recommended Incentives 1 i. Biofuel vehicle ii. Electric vehicle iii. Viscon Technology 2 i. Electric vehicle & infrastructure import ii. (No response) Iii. (No response) 3 i. cheaper low-sulfur fuel iii. Lower tax iii. (No response) 4 i. Invest in vehicles using green fuel. ii. Better quality fuel. iii. Subsidy on parts 5 i. Euro 4 subsidies ii. Reduce overloading of trucks - ban large vehicles, subsidise replacements Iii. More efficient sea transport 6 i. Clean energy. ii. Renewable reliant transportation. Iii. Diversification of transportation. 7 i. No Response ii. No Response Iii. No Response 8 i. Use Taxation to reward new technology for advancing green transport, etc. ii. Encourage car pools & use of walks for short trips Iii. Encourage use of bicycles but downside is creating parking areas (e.g. China) (4. Consider incentive for supporting people of disability) 9 i. Green industry tax to business that are producing low to zero emissions. ii. Green award for each industry iii. Provide financial supports to organisations. 10 i. Friendly new vehicle costs and duty rates. ii. Friendly interest rates from banks. Iii. Get proper inspections done on 2nd hand vehicles before importing 11 i. Railway ii. Non-fossil fuel vehicle iii. Bicycles 12 i. Limit private car ownership by incentivising public transport. ii. Provision of free parking & cheap buses in strategic locations (park & ride) iii. (No response) 13 i. Vehicle owners to be more aware of how important their vehicles are ii. More consultations are to be done through LTA and the general public. iii. We have to look at some other new (illegible) or vehicles that can promote more efficiency. 14 i. Electric Trains ii. Instead of m/v, buy a bicycle iii. Train yourself to walk 15 i. Introduce green vehicles ii. Reduce tax on this vehicle (green) imports iii. Vigorous enforcement 16 i. Cycling law be reinstated & enforced ii. More fuel efficient fuel tank iii. (No response) 17 i. Limit importation of second-hand vehicle. ii. Introduce a maximum age to new vehicle except if the owner demonstrates mechanical fitness of their vehicle. iii. More incentives for "Green vehicle". 18 i. Cycle and walking lanes prioritised.

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ii. Priority bus routes. iii. Government car fleet reduction. 19 i. Incentives to encourage cycling - probably like a bike sharing system for those who are keen to cycle but do not have the capital to buy a bike. They are expensive here in Fiji. This also needs to go hand in hand with awareness. ii. Reduce costs/free parking for carpoolers. Government department employees to be involved. iii. (No response) 20 i. Strengthen enforcement of importation of Euro 4 and Euro 5 vehicles by providing tax incentives ii. Duty concessions for importation of green vehicles such as electric powered vehicles. iii. Tax incentives for private sector to establish electric charging stations. 21 i. Introduction of electric cars. ii. More LPG cars and hybrid vehicles with less defects. iii. Strengthen enforcement and counter measures to enable efficient, effective means of transportation so that stakeholders have to follow. 22 i. facilitate the introduction of more collective modes of transport that are clean (or reduce specfically fossil fuel consumption.) ii. (No response) iii. Strong safety & behaviour awareness campaigns & promotion of use of alternative active mode of transport. 23 i. Provide a better road condition ii. Introduction of battery cars iii. Enforce the transport law! Table 42: Fiji Land Transport Incentive Recommendations (Transport Stakeholder Survey 2016)

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Identified Problems 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Total Infrastructure Design X -1 Enforcement & X -1 Regulation Taxi Operators X X X X X X X X X X -10 Minibus Operators X X X X X -5 Old non-Euro 4 vehicles X -1 Heavy Vehicles X X X -3 Cane Trucks X -1 Bus Operators X X X X -4 Private Cars X X -2 Congestion X X X -3 Road Vehicles X X -2 Illegal Operators X -1 Table 43: Fiji Land Transport Identified Problems (Transport Stakeholder Survey 2016)

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Identified Advantages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Total Minibuses X 1 Bicycles X X X 3 Buses X X X X X X X X X X 10 Railway Development X X 2 Euro 4 Vehicles X X 2 Dependent on Task X 1 Private Cars X X X 2/-1 Taxis X 1 Public Transport X X 2 Motorcycles X X 2 Table 44: Fiji Land Transport Identified Advantages (Transport Stakeholder Survey 2016)

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Roads, Bridges and Jetties

Roads Planned investment Bridges Jetties Road network Year Sealed to improve road (#) (#) asset value (FJ$) (km) Unsealed (km) Total (km) network (FJ$) 2016 1,707 5,818 7,525 1,251 47 7 billion 615 million 2015 1,483 9,632 11,115 936 47 6 billion 658 million 2014 1,483 9,632 11,115 936 47 4.6 billion 476 million 2013 1,483 9,632 11,115 936 15 4.4 billion 428.4 million Table 47: Fiji Roads Authority investment expenditures (FRA, 2013 – 2016)

Figure 5: Fiji Islands Road Network (Google Maps 2019)

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Five – year Financial Summary Selected Data 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Operating Results (in FJ$) Revenue – Fees and Fines $18,641,616 $17,047,619 $20,713,150 $22,287,004 $22,765,301 Revenue – Road User Levy (No data) (No Data) $8,202,829 $8,768,062 $8,856,869 Operating Expenses $12,223,644 $10,500,862 $8,598,226 $9,551,876 $11,338,485 Property, Plant and $9,803,955 $10,090,441 $9,255,146 $9,660,300 $10,897,565 Equipment Costs Net Assets $11,022,480 $11,607,299 $11,315,560 $10,396,843 $9,253,121 Table 48: LTA Revenues & Expenses (LTA 2013)

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Figure 7: Overview of World Bank Historical Operations in Fiji (World Bank 2018) *Commitments in US$ millions

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Table 50: Fiji Financial System Gross Assets 2013-first 6 months 2017 (RBF 2017)

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Figure 11: Sustainable Transport contributions to the SDGs (SLoCaT 2018)

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Period 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012[p] Private Cars 80,712 82,986 85,049 87,222 89,756 92,717 Taxis 5,166 5,206 5,384 5,493 6,066 6,556 Rental and Hire Cabs 6,434 6,591 6,777 7,063 7,603 8,036 Goods Vehicles9 42,732 43,297 43,723 44,342 45,556 46,687 Buses 2,257 2,288 2,309 2,323 2,388 2,461

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Table 52: Total Registered Motor Vehicle Population, 2001-2018 (Land Transport Authority 2018)

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Fiscal Q3 2016 Q4 2016 Q1 2017 Q2 2017 Q3 2017 Q4 2017 Q1 2018 Q2 2018 Q3 2018 Q4 2018 Q1 2019 Total/Average Quarter Vehicle 3,454 5,647 1,748 2,202 1,936 3,066 3,456 2,826 2,886 3,787 2,396 33,404 Total # Inclusive of $127,984,505.31 $276,906,040.60 $83,101,697.37 $91,963,084.19 $67,822,015.34 $91,581,962.80 $131,086,242.92 $87,361,509.71 $74,630,453.56 $106,578,144.00 $69,303,551.00 1,208,319,207 VAT & Duty Median $21,158.66 $14,638.96 $47,935.17 $37,223.08 $26,602.36 $16,921.39 $39,384.38 $18,425.92 $13,986.91 $14,130.00 $14,093.00 $24,045.44

$338,626.75 $297,803.30 $464,396.53 $319,778.43 $343,114.62 $355,794.76 $264,444.28 $308,504.25 $371,922.20 $228,534.00 $269,268.69

Maximum $323,835.26 Isuzu Truck (with Toyota Lexus Range Rover Porsche Range Rover Toyota Land (Isuzu MT134S, Water Tank Truck Land Rover Refrigerated Land Rover Isuzu Truck LX570 Sports V6 Panamera) Sport V6 Cruiser Wagon 65 Seater Bus) Body)

$2,746.64 $1,909.89 $1,715.75 $2,284.80 $3,684.91 $3,444.87 $2,517.08 $4,575.19 $3,758.81 $2,940.00 $3,593.00

Minimum Mazda 2 $3,015.54 Subaru Outback Subaru Impreza Toyota Yaris Honda Insight Nissan Cedric Honda Insight Toyota Crown Toyota Crown Nissan Cedric Nissan Cedric Hatchback Mean $37,054.00 $46,845.89 $47,541.02 $41,801.40 $35,032.03 $29,870.18 $37,930.05 $30,913.49 $25,859.48 $28,143.16 28,924.69 $35,446.85

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Most Popular Hybrid Imports, 2016 - 2019 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Q3 2016Q4 2016Q1 2017Q2 2017Q3 2017Q4 2017Q1 2018Q2 2018Q3 2018Q4 2018Q1 2019

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Figure 15: Composition of bus fleet by quantity in # of buses (y-axis) & manufacturer (x-axis) (Haworth & Starkey, p17, 2017)

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 Figure 16: Composition of bus fleet by age in years (y-axis) & manufacturer (x-axis) (Haworth & Starkey 2017)

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Table 57: Gross & Net Premiums, Fiji Insurance Sector (RBF 2016) 

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Location # Business Name Contact 1 Ba Body Builders Coach Works +679 667 5025 2 Bridge Service Station +679 667 4461 3 Bright Motors +679 667 5684 4 Chanel Motors +679 667 0966 5 Copper +679 667 4087 Ba 6 Jaisons Motors +679 667 4681 7 Jas Mechanical Works +679 667 4095 8 Lal Saten +679 667 5362 9 Mukesh Motor Repairs +679 667 6243 10 Munessar & Sons Ltd +679 667 4927 11 Ram Autar & Sons +679 667 5377 12 Jack’s Motor Traders (Fiji) Ltd. +679 881 1799 Labasa 13 Kuver Motors +679 881 1648 14 Suraj Motors +679 881 1277 15 Dee Ace Motors +679 336 1880 Lami 16 Richards Small Engine Repairs +679 336 4144 17 Charles Edward Motors +679 666 1915 Lautoka 18 Marine Drive Motor Services Ltd +679 666 3551 19 Ram Motor Repairs +679 666 3551

127

20 Western Auto Repairs +679 666 5112 Nabua 21 Motorcorp, Ltd. +679 338 3143 22 Jack’s Motor Mechanicals +679 672 0909 23 Mike & The Mechanics Ltd +679 670 0344 Nadi 24 Sadhai Autos +679 672 4059 25 Shariff’s Motor Repairs +679 670 2778 26 Ace Rental Cars (Fiji) Ltd +679 334 0011 27 Hari's Motor Repairs +679 339 1066 Nasinu 28 Rajesh General Auto Repairs +679 994 0640 29 Wheelside Partners Fiji, Ltd. +679 339 1259 30 W M Motors, Ltd. +679 334 3117 31 G M Motors +679 340 0280 Nausori 32 Vithal’s Motor Garage +679 347 6411 33 Riverside Motors +679 346 0282 Navua 34 Triangle Motors +679 346 0684 35 Eskay Motors (Fiji) Ltd. +679 338 3200 Raiwaqa 36 Fleet Serve (Fiji) Ltd. +679 338 1539 37 Chand’s Motors +679 338 2113 Samabula 38 GMH Autos +679 338 4786 39 Turtle Tyre Services +679 337 3735 Savusavu 40 Savusavu Motor Winders +679 885 3093 41 M I Motors +679 338 3156 Suva 42 Rotech Motors +679 338 1271 43 Tanz Auto Repairs +679 336 1404 44 Aarkay Motors, Ltd. +679 338 4855 45 Automan (Fiji) +679 338 3530 46 George Automotive Repairs +679 337 2500 47 Goundar Motors +679 338 3424 48 Korea Motor Co. Ltd. +679 338 5688 Vatuwaqa 49 Motor Management Services Ltd. +679 338 2549 50 Performance Link +679 949 4897 51 Prakash Auto Jay Services +679 337 5075 52 Vinen’s Motor Garage +679 362 1304 53 Vithal’s Motor Garage +679 338 5077 Table 58: Geographic distribution of Third Party Auto Mechanics H 5RDG7UDIILF$FFLGHQW)DFWRUV

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