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INSIDE the PART ONE: EUROPE GOES to WAR the Telegraph The Telegraph INSIDE THE Sunday, September 1, 2013 FIRST WORLD WAR PART ONE: EUROPE GOES TO WAR Sponsored by A MONTHLY 12-PART SERIES TO MARK THE WAR’S CENTENARY BERLIN, AUGUST 1, 1914 A crowd listens as a German PATRICK BISHOP officer reads the Kaiser’s order The world we left behind for mobilisation. The following day, — a golden age or Germany invades Luxembourg rose-tinted hindsight? SAUL DAVID The decision-makers who led the world to war ROGER MOORHOUSE The best-laid battle plans — and how they went to pot © IWM (Q 81755) Sponsored by WELCOME A GOLDEN AGE? The First World War was a great wrong turning in history but hindsight has given us a rose-tinted view of pre-1914 Europe, writes Patrick Bishop. P4-5 HOW IT BEGAN Was the conflict inevitable after the killing of Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo? Saul David elcome to the on how European leaders took the world launch issue of into the abyss. The Sunday Telegraph’s P6-7 compelling 12-part THE ART OF WAR Wseries about the First World War, IWM curator Richard Slocombe praises The which will run monthly up to the Kensingtons at Laventie, centenary of the war’s outbreak. official war artist Eric Kennington’s magnificent Sponsored by Lord Ashcroft, tribute to his exhausted comrades. Inside the First World War brings P8 you insights and knowledge from DEAR MOTHER IWM (Imperial War Museums) and IWM’s Principal Historian opinions from leading military Nigel Steel discusses the tragic letters sent home historians. Our objective? To explain from one teenage soldier. the conflict of 1914-1918 and P9 remember those who gave their lives. TRUE COURAGE In this issue, Europe Goes to War, Michael Ashcroft tells the remarkable story of we look at the events that led to war. Victoria Cross and Military Medal winner Spencer Among regular features is Post Box, “Joe” Bent, whose many in which we invite you to share your acts of heroism throughout the war memories, photos and correspondence “illuminated the dark and from loved ones who experienced desperate days of 1914”. the hostilities. See page 13. P10-11 What Did You Do in the War? will THE ASSASSIN Tim Butcher looks focus on those who fought and later behind the myths at Slav played a role in national life. We nationalist Gavrilo Princip, whose shots triggered begin with Harold Macmillan, a the conflict. Plus your amazing stories of the young lieutenant in the Grenadier men who fought in Guards. Each month, Lord Ashcroft “the war to end war”. will tell the stories of those awarded P12-13 the Victoria Cross. We will also BATTLE PLANS Roger Moorhouse look at the poignant letters sent outlines the balance home by soldiers. of power in 1914 and tells how the generals’ Inside the First World Y plans for a fast-moving War will show how the R mobile war, with cavalry a key factor, were conflict still resonates confounded. Plus how Harold Macmillan’s in our lives. experiences in the trenches helped shape .IWM PST 5255)/ W.A F W.A 5255)/ PST .IWM his political career. Zoe Dare Hall rt P14-15 Series editor © IWM (A IWM © THE SPONSOR to remember those Heroes, George Cross prestigious award for for the past four decades, Union (IDU) and one of being Vice Patron of the Lord Ashcroft KCMG PC who gave their lives in Heroes and Heroes of courage not in the face of launching, buying, building Britain’s leading experts Intelligence Corps the conflict. the Skies. In each of the the enemy. He currently and selling companies — on polling. Museum, a Trustee of Inside the First World Lord Ashcroft has 12 new supplements, owns 11 GCs. Lord both private and public — Lord Ashcroft has Imperial War Museum, an War, a 12-part series, established himself as a Lord Ashcroft will tell the Ashcroft VC and GC in Britain and overseas. donated several millions Ambassador for is sponsored by Lord champion of bravery, incredible stories behind collections are on display He is a former of pounds to charities SkillForce and a Trustee Ashcroft KCMG PC, building up the world’s First World War VCs from in a gallery that bears his Treasurer and Deputy and good causes. of the Cleveland Clinic an international largest collection of his collection. name at IWM London, Chairman of the He founded in the US. businessman, Victoria Crosses (VCs), Lord Ashcroft along with VCs and GCs in Conservative Party. In Crimestoppers (then the philanthropist and Britain and the purchased his first VC in the care of the museum. September 2012, he was Community Action Trust) * For information about military historian. Lord Commonwealth’s most 1986 and currently owns The gallery, built with a appointed a member of in 1988. the Lord Ashcroft Gallery, Ashcroft is sponsoring prestigious award for more than 180 of the £5 million donation from the Privy Council and was He is the founder of visit www.iwm.org.uk/ the monthly supplements courage in the face of the decorations. Three years Lord Ashcroft, was made the Government’s the Ashcroft Technology heroes. For information because he wants to enemy. He has also ago, he began collecting opened by HRH The Special Representative College and Chancellor of on Lord Ashcroft, visit promote a greater written four books on George Crosses (GCs), Princess Royal in 2010. for Veterans’ Transition. Anglia Ruskin University. www.lordashcroft.com understanding of the bravery: Victoria Cross Britain and the Lord Ashcroft has been a He is Treasurer of the His numerous other Follow him on Twitter: First World War and Heroes, Special Forces Commonwealth’s most successful entrepreneur International Democratic charity roles include @LordAshcroft D4 SEPTEMBER 1 2013 / THE SUNDAY TELEGRAPH THE SUNDAY TELEGRAPH / SEPTEMBER 1 2013 D5 Sponsored by PERSPECTIVE The world we WAITING FOR WAR this was the belle époque encompassing the Clockwise from far left: sensuous forms of art nouveau and the hard edges of Henley regatta just before cubism. In Germany, Richard Strauss led the world in leĞ behind the war; Budapest learns musical innovation. Britain had a new crop of literary of the mobilisation; a talent in Conrad, Wells and Kipling. In Vienna there Sopwith Scout biplane; seemed to be a genius in every kaffeehaus. From prewar slum children decrepit, reactionary Russia had emerged the gorgeous talents of Diaghilev’s Ballets Russes. Yes, great power rivalries created crises in contested colonies such as the 1911 Agadir incident between France and Germany, hinting at trouble to come. But the process of globalisation created commercial interdependencies that seemed to make the idea of a large-scale war impossible. A big best-seller of 1910 was The Great Illusion. Its author Norman Angell argued that the disruption of international credit which would inevitably come with war would either prevent it from breaking out or, if it did, bring it to a speedy end. This view was Wіѡѕ EѢџќѝђ ѡќџћ яѦ ћюѡіќћюљіѠњ юћё ѐљюѠѠ widely accepted as the truth. Co-operation rather than confrontation seemed to ѠѡџѢєєљђѠ, ѤюѠ іѡ џђюљљѦ ѡѕђ ђћё ќѓ ю ‘Gќљёђћ Aєђ’ ӓ be the way forward. International agreements covering telegraphs, railways, meteorological data, Pюѡџіѐј BіѠѕќѝ ўѢђѠѡіќћѠ ќѢџ џќѠђ-ѡіћѡђё ѕіћёѠієѕѡ maritime arrangements, the spread of disease and a host of other areas of mutual interest and benefit had been in place for decades. he First World War was a great catastrophe was Russia, seething with chronic discontent and There had even been an attempt to regulate war that begat greater and worse catastrophes. presided over by an apathetic and fatalistic Tsar. The itself. In 1898, Tsar Nicolas II, of all people, called for The ruin to come was famously glimpsed Habsburg empire of Austria-Hungary was coming an international conference which convened at The by the Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey apart, its patchwork of ethnicities and languages torn Hague to discuss not only arms limitation but the as he stood at the window of his office on by nationalist passions. Germany, for all its economic establishment of an international court to settle Tthe eve of Britain’s declaration of war. vigour and sense of purpose, was taut with social and disputes between nations by arbitration. He looked out at the sun setting over St James’s cultural tensions as was its arch enemy France. At the opening session, the Tsar warned that the Park and the lights coming on in The Mall and In Britain, the strongly demarcated layers of arms race being run by all the major powers to produce remarked to a friend: “The lamps are going out all society sat uneasily one on top of the other. Four- larger armies, heavier guns and bigger warships was over Europe. We shall not see them lit again in our fifths of the population occupied the bottom stratum “transforming the armed peace into a crushing lifetime.” It was a rare flash of eloquence from a man supplying the two million domestic servants who burden that weighs on all nations and, if prolonged, not noted for his clarity of speech. ministered to the needs of those at the top. will lead to the very cataclysm that it seeks to avert”. The metaphor was chillingly precise — the world In Wales, miners were paid less than half a crown Fear of war, though, was outweighed by fear of was indeed moving from light to darkness — and the a ton to hew the coal that kept Britain’s industries unpreparedness if war broke out, and the race went prophecy remarkably accurate. Grey died in 1933, turning. When they rioted in Tonypandy in 1910, heedlessly on.
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